Unit 2 Saving the Earth 单元培优卷（含答案解析）-2025-2026学年九年级上册英语仁爱科普版

/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
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2025 - 2026学年九年级上册英语仁爱科普版单元培优卷
Unit 2 Saving the Earth
注意事项
1. 全卷满分120分。考试时间120分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效。
2. 请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符，再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。
3. 答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效 。
第一部分 选择题（满分：60分）
一、单项选择（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
1．—Are you excited about the hike tomorrow
—Sure, ________ it’s going to be a long and tiring walk, the view will be worth it.
A．if B．when C．because D．although
2．The robber wore a sock over his face ________ he wouldn’t be recognized by the security cameras.
A．although B．so that C．because D．unless
3．Whenever I face challenges, my mother always encourages me not ________.
A．to give up B．to give away C．give up D．give away
4．—________ I take photos here
—Sorry, you can’t. It’s not allowed in the museum.
A．Will B．Should C．Can D．Need
5．Would you please turn off the TV for me
A．go off B．right off C．get off D．shut off
6．—Can you go to the park with me this weekend
—Sorry, I can’t. I ________ visit my uncle.
A．should B．can C．have to D．would
7．—Though Spud Webb met quite a few problems in his life, he never ________.
—That’s why I respect him most.
A．stood up B．stayed up C．gave up D．woke up
8．—I don’t like Jerry. He is noisy.
—You can hardly avoid ________ him if you work in the same office.
A．meet B．to meet C．meeting D．met
9．All the tourists ________ their heads to watch the sun ________ at the top of Mount Hua.
A．raised; rising B．rose; raising C．raised; raising D．rose; rising
10．The teachers encourage their students to ________ the problems by themselves, and in this way students can enjoy success.
A．look up B．look through C．work out D．give up
11．Don’t worry. Everything will ________ in the end.
A．take out B．look out C．work out D．run out
12．—Tony felt sad because he ________ the driving exam again.
—What a pity! Maybe he should practice more.
A．required B．passed C．failed D．completed
13．If you want to be a greener person, you should ________ the light when leaving a room.
A．fall off B．go off C．put off D．shut off
14．—With 5G technology, doctors can ________ patients（病人）thousands of kilometers away.
—It’s amazing.
A．reuse B．discuss C．add D．treat
15．The passengers are asked to remain seated ________ the flight has come to a complete stop.
A．if B．until C．although D．because
二、完型填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
Many years ago Hong Kong was covered by a thick forest. As more and more people came to 16 in Hong Kong, these trees were cut down and burnt. Now there is 17 forest left, though there are still some small areas covered with trees. We call these woods.
Elephants, tigers and many 18 animals were living in the thick forest. When people came to live in Hong Kong, the 19 began to die out. Early farmers grew rice and 20 pigs and chickens in the valleys. They cut down the trees and burnt them. They needed 21 to keep themselves warm in winter, to cook their food and to keep away the dangerous animals. Elephants quickly disappeared because there was not enough food for them. 22 did most of the wolves and tigers. Monkeys and many other animals soon 23 in the same way.
You might think that there are no longer any animals in Hong Kong 24 different animals in the zoos. There are still about 36 different animals 25 there. One of the most interesting animals in Hong Kong is the barking deer. These are beautiful little animals 26 a rich brown coat and a white patch (under the tail). They 27 like deer but they are much smaller. They are less than two feet tall. They make a noise rather like a dog 28 . In Hong Kong the barking deer have only a real enemy — 29 . People hunt these little animals though it is illegal. There are now not many barking deer left. So it is important 30 people to protect wild animals.
16．A．work B．study C．live D．enjoy
17．A．many B．few C．no D．much
18．A．other B．others C．the other D．another
19．A．people B．animals C．plants D．things
20．A．grew B．made C．got D．kept
21．A．fire B．hotness C．heat D．water
22．A．So B．Such C．As D．Nor
23．A．lived B．died C．came D．left
24．A．because B．except C．and D．or
25．A．live B．to live C．lived D．living
26．A．in B．without C．with D．on
27．A．look B．hear C．see D．say
28．A．shouting B．crying C．barking D．talking
29．A．tigers B．men C．wolves D．elephants
30．A．to B．for C．like D．of
三、阅读单选（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）
（A）
Students are constantly (不断地) learning how to make a difference to the world. Here are several ways that can help you protect the earth and make the world better.
Use Reusable Bags
When you are shopping for food, clothes or books, use a reusable bag. There are even some stores that offer discounts (折扣) for using reusable bags. These bags are not only useful for shopping, but can also be used when you move to a new house!
Recycle
Recycling is really a simple thing to do, but many people don’t do it. A good way to recycle is to find recycling bins. Instead of throwing recyclables (可回收利用物) into the rubbish bins, try to find recycling bins around your school.
Save Electricity
Use energy-efficient bulbs (节能灯泡) instead of common ones. The energy-efficient bulbs last longer, and will also help you save money. What’s more, you should turn the lights, TV and air conditioner when you don’t use them.
Save Water
Turn off the tap as you are brushing your teeth. Don’t turn your shower on until you are ready to take a shower or wash your hair. Changing bad habits will be good for both the environment and your wallet!
Avoid Driving Cars
Avoid driving cars if possible. Taking public transportation, walking and riding a bike to class are better choices that can help protect the environment. You can also get some exercise.
In a word, if everyone pays more attention to our environment, there will be less pollution and our life will be better. Let’s start from ourselves, and start from now on.
31．The writer gives us ________ pieces of advice in the passage.
A．three B．four C．five D．six
32．What is the difference between the energy-efficient bulbs and common bulbs
A．Energy-efficient bulbs are lighter.
B．Energy-efficient bulbs last longer.
C．Common bulbs are safer.
D．Common bulbs are cheaper.
33．What can we learn from the passage
A．If you use reusable bags, you will get money.
B．Recyclables should be thrown into rubbish bins.
C．Before washing your hair, you should turn on your shower.
D．Walking to school is good for the environment and your health.
34．You may read the passage in ________.
A．a storybook B．a travel guide
C．a history book D．a newspaper
35．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．Some ways to protect the earth
B．Some advice about saving money
C．People’s opinions about keeping healthy
D．The importance of protecting the environment
（B）
Ben and his classmates are watching a DVD about the environment. This is the introduction to them.
A long time ago, most towns and villages were very small. The number of people who lived in every country was much smaller than it is today, too. There was no heavy industry, but only agriculture, arts and crafts (手艺). And none of these things damaged our environment. People did not use chemicals. There were no motor vehicles. There were no factories. There was, therefore, very little pollution.
Sadly, our environment is much dirtier than it was in the past. This is a problem because the best way for us to be healthy is to live in a clean environment.
The air and the water are much dirtier than they used to be. The air is full of pollutants (污染物) of various kinds-smoke from cars, factories and things like insect sprays (喷雾). The water is polluted by chemicals from factories and fuel from ships. These mean that we are gradually destroying one of our major food sources-the oceans of the world.
In the DVD, we will try to find the ways to make our environment cleaner and the ways to stop future pollution. We hope you will learn how to make the world a cleaner and healthier place.
36．There was less pollution in the past because _________.
A．the towns were smaller
B．people didn’t have DVDs
C．people didn’t have anything that damaged the environment
D．people know how to make the environment cleaner
37．People had ________ before heavy industry.
A．agriculture and motor vehicles
B．factories, arts and crafts
C．agriculture, factories and chemicals
D．agriculture, arts and crafts
38．Oceans are important because ________.
A．they are major sources of chemicals
B．they are major sources of food
C．they are major sources of fuel
D．they are major sources of pollutants
39．The purpose of the DVD is to ________.
A．find the ways to make the environment cleaner and stop future pollution
B．tell people about the past and find ways to teach them about the future
C．show people how to make a DVD about the environment
D．explain why there is more pollution nowadays
40．What is the main idea of this passage
A．Our environment is more polluted than it used to be
B．Most towns and villages used to be smaller than they are now
C．The DVD about the environment
D．Our oceans are gradually being destroyed by pollution
（C）
London used to be “foggy” for the same reason that cities like Beijing or Chongqing are “foggy” today. In fact, the “fog” was smog, a mixture (混合物) of smoke and fog. In other words, it was made by air pollution. In London, some of this pollution came from factories, but much of it came from the coal that people burnt in their houses to keep warm during the winter. By the 1950s, London’s smog problem had become so bad that the government decided to do something to clean the air. A new law was made and nobody could burn coal in any British city. Within a few years, the air became much cleaner. There were no more “pea-soupers”.
Many Chinese cities now face the same kind of problem of air pollution that London faced 40 or 50 years ago. However, this problem is more difficult for Chinese cities to solve. One reason is that more of the pollution comes from the factories, rather than from coal burnt in people’s houses. If these factories were closed, this would harm the economy and lots of people would lose their jobs. Another reason is that changing from coal to cleaner fuel(燃料), like gas, is quite expensive.
However, the air in many Chinese cities is becoming cleaner and cleaner, as the government and people pay more and more attention to cutting down pollution. As a result, there are fewer “pea-soupers” in Beijing than there used to be.
41．What was the main reason for air pollution in London
A．There was too much smoke in the sky. B．There were too many factories in the city.
C．People burnt too much coal in the houses. D．Lots of people smoked at home.
42．How did the air in London become much cleaner
A．There was not so much fog in the winter later.
B．A law was made to stop people from burning coal in their houses.
C．Many factories in the city were closed.
D．Some of the factories moved away.
43．What does the underlined word “pea-soupers” refer to (指)
A．Coal. B．Smoke. C．Gas. D．Smog.
44．How many reasons make it more difficult for Chinese cities to solve the problem of air pollution
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
45．Which of the following sentences is not true
A．Using coal is much more expensive than using gas.
B．Factories made much more pollution in China.
C．The reasons for air pollution in London and Beijing are different.
D．The Chinese government has taken action to cut down air pollution.
第二部分 非选择题（满分：60分）
四、词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
46．Sitting on the hard chair for hours made me feel quite (comfortable) and cased much pain in my back.
47．We must take (act) to protect the environment.
48．If you can’t speak English well, you’ll be at a big (advantage) when you try to get a job.
49．Smoking can be (harm) to people’s health.
50． Before reaching an (agree), they had a heated discussion.
51．When I make a mistake, my parents usually encourage me to be careful instead of (惩罚) me.
52． (虽然) he is only 5, he can play the piano very well.
53．We should use our own cloth bag when shopping, because we can save it and (再次使用) it later.
54．There is a (距离) of four miles between my house and the sea.
55．The so-called new system was easily broken into and it rapidly broke down （完全地）.
五、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
56．我们所有人都无法避免犯错，毕竟，人无完人。
All of us can’t avoid making mistakes. , nobody is perfect.
57．我相信你自己能解决这个问题。
I believe that by yourself.
58．你奶奶知道怎么才能使用iPad读新闻吗？
Does your grandma know an iPad to read news
59．我看到了鞋上的血，我的膝盖正在流血。
I saw on my shoes. My knee .
60．虽然一首诗有较少的词，但是写起来并不总是容易的。
a poem has words, it’s not always .
六、短文语法填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的词，要求所填的词意义准确形式正确，使短文意思完整行文连贯。
Now air pollution does the greatest harm to people’s health in the world. A new survey from the WHO says that seven million people died from air 61 in 2014 in the world. The number is 62 /twa s/ as large as that in 2010. So air pollution is an international problem.
Most deaths from air pollution take place in low and middle-income 63 (country) in Southeast Asia and the western Pacific Ocean. The people in these countries aren’t rich 64 / n f/. But about half of the world’s population 65 (live) in those countries. Many people in those countries use open fire or simple equipment (设备) to cook food and heat their homes. 4.2 66 / m lj n/ people died at an early age in 2014 because of the burning of coal. While 3.7 million people 67 (die) in cities because of air pollution.
All the countries in the world must work together to reduce air pollution 68 what happens in one country can affect the lives in another country. Developed countries, 69 / spe li/ Britain and the United States have taken many measures to reduce air pollution during the 70 10 years. It cost much but they said it was worth doing so.
七、材料作文（本大题共25分）
71．人类只有一个地球。根据提示，以“Saving the Earth”为题，写一篇80词左右的短文。
提示：1.如何保护环境已成为世界最大难题之一；
2.各种污染破坏环境，损害健康；
3.不要乱倒垃圾，乱排废水；
4.我们应该保护环境，使我们的家园更加美丽。
Saving the Earth
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/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
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参考答案及试题解析
1．D
【解析】句意：——你对明天的远足感到兴奋吗？——当然，虽然这将是一个漫长而疲惫的步行，但风景将是值得的。
考查让步状语从句。if如果；when什么时候；because因为；although虽然。根据“it’s going to be a long and tiring walk, the view will be worth it.”可知，此处表示虽然远足将会漫长而疲惫，但是风景很值得，应用although来引导让步状语从句。故选D。
2．B
【解析】句意：强盗用袜子蒙住脸，以便监控摄像头认不出来。
考查从属连词。although尽管；so that以便于；because因为；unless除非。根据“The robber wore a sock over his face...he wouldn’t be recognized by the security cameras.”可知，强盗用袜子蒙住脸的目的是为了不让监控摄像头认出来，用so that引导的目的状语从句。故选B。
3．A
【解析】句意：每当我面临挑战时，我的母亲总是鼓励我不要放弃。
考查动词短语及非谓语动词。give up放弃；give away赠送。此处表示母亲鼓励我不要放弃，encourage sb. not to do sth.表示“鼓励某人不要做某事”，此处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。
4．C
【解析】句意：——我可以在这里拍照吗？——对不起，你不能。在博物馆里是不允许的。
考查情态动词。Will将要；Should应该；Can能够；Need需要。根据“Sorry, you can’t.”可知，询问能否拍照，表示请求或允许，用can提问。故选C。
5．D
【解析】句意：你能帮我关掉电视吗？
考查动词短语。go off爆炸；right off立刻，马上；get off下车；shut off关闭。根据“Would you please turn off the TV for me ”可知，turn off表示“关掉”，与shut off同义。故选D。
6．C
【解析】句意：——这个周末你能和我一起去公园吗？——抱歉，我不能。我得去看我叔叔。
考查情态动词的用法。should应该；can可以，能够；have to不得不；would将会。根据“Sorry, I can’t. I ... visit my uncle.”可知，这个周末我不能去公园，我得去看望叔叔。故选C。
7．C
【解析】句意：——尽管Spud Webb在生活中遇到了不少问题，但他从未放弃。——这就是我最尊敬他的原因。
考查动词短语。stood up站起来；stayed up熬夜；gave up放弃；woke up醒来。根据“Though Spud Webb met quite a few problems in his life”以及“That’s why I respect him most.”可知，应该是说他从不放弃。故选C。
8．C
【解析】句意：——我不喜欢Jerry。他很吵闹。——如果你在同一个办公室工作，你很难避免遇到他。
考查动名词作宾语。avoid是动词，意思是“避免”，后面通常跟动名词（doing）作为宾语，表示避免做某事。结合语境和avoid的用法，此处表示“避免遇到他”，所以应该用meeting作为宾语。故选C。
9．A
【解析】句意：所有游客抬起头观看在华山顶升起的太阳。
考查动词辨析。raised抬起，及物动词，是raise过去式；rose上升，不及物动词，是rise过去式。根据“their heads”可知，是指抬起头，用及物动词raised，可排除BD选项；根据“watch the sun”可知，是指太阳升起。故选A。
10．C
【解析】句意：老师鼓励学生自己解决问题，这样他们能享受成功。
考查动词短语辨析。look up查找；look through浏览；work out解决；give up放弃。根据句意可知老师鼓励学生对“the problems”做的事情应该是“解决”。故选C。
11．C
【解析】句意：别担心。一切事情最终都会圆满解决的。
考查动词短语。take out取出；look out当心；work out进展（顺利），解决；run out用完，耗尽。根据“Don’t worry. Everything will...”可知，此处是在表达安慰，因此应是表示所有事情最终都会解决的。故选C。
12．C
【解析】句意：——托尼很伤心，因为他又没能通过驾驶考试。——太遗憾了！也许他应该多练习。
考查动词辨析。required要求；passed通过；failed失败，不及格；completed完成。根据“Tony felt sad because he…the driving exam again.”可知，应该说他又没能通过驾驶考试，fail the driving exam“没通过驾驶考试”。故选C。
13．D
【解析】句意：如果你想成为一个环保的人，你应该在离开房间的时候关灯。
考查动词短语辨析。fall off从……落下；go off爆炸；put off推迟；shut off关闭。根据“the light when leaving a room.”可知离开房间需要关灯。故选D。
14．D
【解析】句意：——有了5G技术，医生可以在数千公里外治疗病人。——太神奇了。
考查动词辨析。reuse再使用；discuss讨论；add增加；treat治疗。根据“...doctors can...patients...”可知此处是治疗病人。故选D。
15．B
【解析】句意：在飞机完全停下来之前，乘客们被要求坐着别动。
考查连词辨析。if如果；until直到；although尽管；because因为。根据“The passengers are asked to remain seated... the flight has come to a complete stop.”可知，乘客们被要求继续坐好直到飞机完全停下来，应用until引导时间状语从句。故选B。
16．C 17．C 18．A 19．B 20．D 21．A 22．A 23．B 24．B 25．D 26．C 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．B
【导语】本文介绍了香港野生动物的历史和现状，并告诉人们要保护野生动物。
16．句意：随着越来越多人来香港生活，这些树都被砍掉烧光了。
work工作；study学习；live生活；enjoy享受。根据下文“When people came to live in Hong Kong”可知，空处表示人们住在香港。故选C。
17．句意：尽管仍然有一些小区域被树覆盖，但是现在没有森林留下来。
many许多（后接可数名词复数）；few几乎没有（后接可数名词复数，表示否定）；no没有（形容词）；much许多（后接不可数名词）。根据下文“though there are still some small areas covered with trees”可知，此处表示“没有森林剩下”；结合知识点no=not a/any可知，空处应该用no。故选C。
18．句意：大象、老虎和其他的动物过去一直住在茂密的森林中。
other其他的（后接可数名词的复数，等同于others）；others其他的（后不接名词）；the other（两者中）另一个；another另一个（后接可数名词单数形式）。根据空后可数名词复数animals可知，用other，表示“其他的动物”。故选A。
19．句意：当人们来香港居住时，动物开始灭绝。
people人们；animals动物；plants植物；things东西。根据“Elephants, tigers and many ... animals were living in the thick forest.”以及“Elephants quickly disappeared because there was not enough food for them.”可知，此处描述野生动物的情况，因此空处指动物灭绝。故选B。
20．句意：早期农民在山谷中种植水稻并饲养猪和鸡。
grew生长，成长；made制造；got得到；kept饲养。根据空后的“pigs and chickens”结合句意可知，空处表示“饲养猪和鸡”。故选D。
21．句意：他们需要火在冬天取暖、做饭以及避开危险的动物。
fire火；hotness热烈，炎热；heat高温；water水。根据下文“to cook their food and to keep away the dangerous animals”和句意可知，此处表示用火取暖、做饭以及避开危险的动物。故选A。
22．句意：大部分的狼和老虎也是一样。
So如此，这么；Such如此；As正如；Nor也不。 根据“Elephants quickly disappeared because there was not enough food for them ... did most of the wolves and tigers.”可知，此处表示大部分的狼和老虎和大象一样很快因为食物不够而消失，“so did+主语”表示“……也是”。故选A。
23．句意：猴子和其他的动物不久也以相同的方式死去。
lived生活；died死；came来；left离开。根据“Elephants quickly disappeared because there was not enough food for them ... did most of the wolves and tigers”可知，此处表示猴子也以相同的方式消失，也就是死去。故选B。
24．句意：你可能认为，在香港除了在动物园里不再有任何的动物了。
because因为；except除了（除了的部分不包括在内）；and和（表示并列）；or否则，或者（用于疑问句和否定句中）。根据后面“You might think that there are no longer any animals in Hong Kong ... in the zoos. There are still about 36 different animals ... there.” 可知，仍有大约36种不同的动物生活在那里，因此除了动物园，没有其他的动物，动物园不包含在内，用except。故选B。
25．句意：但是仍然有大约36种不同的动物生活在那里。
live生活，动词原形；to live不定式；lived过去式；living现在分词。根据“There are still about 36 different animals ... there.”可知，there be sb./sth. doing sth.表示“某地有某人/某物正在做某事”。故选D。
26．句意：这些是美丽的小动物，有着丰富的棕色皮毛并且尾巴下有一个白色的斑块。
in在……里面；without没有；with和；on在……上面。根据句意可知，译为“带有棕色的毛皮”，且本句话中已经有了动词are，所以用介词with，表示“带有”“拥有”。故选C。
27．句意：它们看起来像鹿但它们小多了。
look看；hear听到；see看见；say说。look like“看起来像”。故选A。
28．句意：它们发出的声音很像狗叫。
shouting大喊；crying哭；barking狗叫；talking谈话。根据“In Hong Kong the barking deer”可知，这种动物叫声应该像狗叫，此处应该用barking。故选C。
29．句意：在香港，赤麂只有一个真正的敌人——人类。
tigers老虎；men人类；wolves狼；elephants大象。根据下文“People hunt these little animals though it is illegal”可知，人类违法猎杀动物，因此赤麂真正的敌人是人类。故选B。
30．句意：所以保护野生动物对人们来说是很重要的。
to向，往；for为了；like像；of……的。考查句型It is adj. for sb. to do sth.“对某人来说，做某事是重要的”。故选B。
31．C 32．B 33．D 34．D 35．A
【导语】本文主要向学生们介绍了使用可重复使用袋子、回收、节约用电、节约用水和尽可能避免开车五种对保护地球有帮助的方法。
31．细节理解题。根据“Use Reusable Bags；Recycle；Save Electricity；Save Water；Avoid Driving Cars”可知，作者在文章中给了我们五条建议。故选C。
32．细节理解题。根据“The energy-efficient bulbs last longer, and will also help you save money.”可知，节能灯泡使用寿命更长。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据“Taking public transportation, walking and riding a bike to class are better choices that can help protect the environment.”可知，步行上学对环境和健康都有好处。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据“Here are several ways that can help you protect the earth and make the world better.”可知，我们可以在报纸上读这篇文章。故选D。
35．最佳标题题。根据“Here are several ways that can help you protect the earth and make the world better.”可知，本文主要向学生们介绍了使用可重复使用袋子、回收、节约用电、节约用水和尽可能避免开车五种对保护地球有帮助的方法。“保护地球的一些方法”作为标题合适。故选A。
36．C 37．D 38．B 39．A 40．A
【导语】本文是对一张关于环境的DVD的介绍。
36．细节理解题。根据第二段“There was no heavy industry, but only agriculture, arts and crafts. And none of these things damaged our environment.”可知，在过去没有可破坏环境的东西，故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段“There was no heavy industry, but only agriculture, arts and crafts.”可知，在重工业之前，仅有农业和手工艺业，故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据第四段“ These mean that we are gradually destroying one of our major food sources-the oceans of the world.”可知，海洋是我们重要的食物来源，故选B。
39．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In the DVD, we will try to find the ways to make our environment cleaner and the ways to stop future pollution.”可知，DVD的目的是找到使环境更加清洁、停止未来污染的方法，故选A。
40．主旨大意题。本文是通过对一张关于环境的DVD的介绍，告诉我们现在的环境污染比过去严重，故选A。
41．C 42．B 43．D 44．B 45．A
【导语】本文主要讲述的是伦敦曾经被称为雾都，现在中国像北京、重庆这样的大城市也开始有雾霾了。污染一来自工厂，二来自公民用煤，中国的大城市主要是因为前者，而英国则是后者。中国还不能治理，因为工厂关闭意味着很多人失业。随着政府和公民在清洁空气方面的不断努力，空气变得越来越干净了。
41．细节理解题。根据“In London, some of this pollution came from factories, but much of it came from the coal that people burnt in their houses to keep warm during the winter.”可知，伦敦的污染大部分来自冬天人们为了取暖而烧的煤。故选C。
42．细节理解题。根据“A new law was made and nobody could burn coal in any British city.”可知，英国政府制定了新的法律，在英国任何一个城市没有人可以烧煤。故选B。
43．词句猜测题。根据前一句“A new law was made and nobody could burn coal in any British city. Within a few years, the air became much cleaner.”的意思，任何人不得燃煤的规定执行几年后，英国的空气变得干净多了。可知本句的意思是：空气干净了，不再有一开始提到的烟雾了。故选D。
44．细节理解题。根据“One reason is that more of the pollution comes from the factories, rather than from coal burnt in people’s houses. If these factories were closed, this would harm the economy and lots of people would lose their jobs. Another reason is that changing from coal to cleaner fuel(燃料), like gas, is quite expensive.”可知，中国的城市污染不能解决的原因有二：更多的污染来自工厂；煤改清洁燃料的费用太贵了。故选B。
45．细节理解题。根据“Another reason is that changing from coal to cleaner fuel(燃料), like gas, is quite expensive.”可知，天然气比煤要贵。故选A。
46．uncomfortable
【解析】句意：在硬椅子上坐了几个小时让我感觉很不舒服，而且后背很疼。 根据“Sitting on the hard chair for hours”以及“caused much pain in my back”可知，长时间坐硬椅子给人带来的是不好的感受，uncomfortable表示“不舒服的”符合语境。故填uncomfortable。
47．action
【解析】句意：我们必须采取行动来保护环境。take action to do sth“采取行动做某事”，是固定短语。故填action。
48．disadvantage
【解析】句意：如果你英语说得不好，你在找工作时就会处于很大的劣势。根据“If you can’t speak English well”可知英语不好在找工作时是一个劣势，a后加名词单数disadvantage“劣势”。故填disadvantage。
49．harmful
【解析】句意：吸烟对人的健康有害。be harmful to“对……有害”，是形容词短语。故填harmful。
50．agreement
【解析】句意：在达成一致之前，他们进行了激烈的讨论。短语reach an agreement表示“达成一致”，不定冠词后接可数名词单数，动词agree的名词是agreement，意为“一致”。故填agreement。
51．punishing
【解析】句意：当我犯了错误，我的父母通常鼓励我小心，而不是惩罚我。punish“惩罚”，是动词，instead of doing sth“代替做某事”。故填punishing。
52．Although/Though
【解析】句意：虽然他只有5岁，但他的钢琴弹得很好。although/though“虽然”，引导让步状语从句，句首首字母大写。故填Although/Though。
53．reuse
【解析】句意：我们应该在购物时使用自己的布袋，因为我们可以保留它并在以后重复使用。reuse“再次使用”，动词；and表示并列，且can后接动词原形。故填reuse。
54．distance
【解析】句意：我家和大海之间有四英里的距离。distance“距离”，名词，a后加单数名词，故填distance。
55．completely
【解析】句意：这个所谓的新系统很容易就被攻破了，并且很快就完全崩溃了。根据中文提示，表示“完全地”可用副词completely，作状语修饰动词短语broke down。故填completely。
56．After all
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空格处为“毕竟”after all。故填after；all。
57．you can work out the problem
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空格处缺少“你能解决这个问题”，你：you；能：can；解决：work out；这个问题：the problem，故填you；can；work；out；the；problem。
58．how she can use
【解析】根据句意和题干，how“如何”，后引导宾语从句，用陈述句语序；she“她”，代指奶奶；can“能”，情态动词，后加动词原形use“使用”。故填how；she；can；use。
59．the blood was bleeding
【解析】the blood“血”，不可数名词；bleed“流血”，由中文语境可知，此处时态用过去进行时was/were doing，主语是单数，be用was。故填the blood；was bleeding。
60．Although/Though fewer easier to write
【解析】Although/Though“虽然”，引导让步状语从句；fewer“更少”，修饰可数名词复数；easier to write“写起来更容易”。故填Although/Though；fewer；easier；to；write。
61．pollution 62．twice 63．countries 64．enough 65．live 66．million 67．died 68．because 69．especially 70．past
【导语】本文主要讲述了空气污染对全世界人们健康的危害，有很多人死于空气污染，因此呼吁全世界所有的国家必须一起努力降低空气污染。
61．句意：一项来自世界卫生组织的新的调查表明在2014年全世界有七百万人死于空气污染。根据上文“Now air pollution does the greatest harm to people’s health in the world.”及下文“So air pollution is an international problem.”可知此处应指空气污染，因此用名词“pollution”。故填pollution。
62．句意：这个数量是2010年的两倍大。根据音标可知此处应用副词“twice”，表示“两倍”。故填twice。
63．句意：大多数因空气污染引起的死亡发生在东南亚和西太平洋的中低收入国家。根据后面的“in Southeast Asia and the western Pacific Ocean”可知国家不止一个，因此用复数“countries”。故填countries。
64．句意：这些国家的人们不够富裕。根据音标可知此处用副词“enough”表示“足够地”，修饰“rich”。故填enough。
65．句意：但是大约世界一半的人口都生活在这些国家。此句表示现在的事实，因此用一般现在时，主语是“population”，当population前有half修饰时，谓语动词一般用复数，因此此处应用“live”。故填live。
66．句意：在2014年，420万人因燃烧煤炭而过早死亡。根据音标可知此处应用“million”，表示“百万”。故填million。
67．句意：而在城市中有370万人因空气污染而死。根据上一句“4.2 million people died at an early age in 2014 because of the burning of coal.”可知此句也表示发生在过去的事，应用一般过去时，动词“die”应变为过去式“died”。故填died。
68．句意：世界上所有国家必须一起努力来减少空气污染，因为一个国家发生的事会影响其他国家的生命。分析句子可知此句是前句“All the countries in the world must work together to reduce air pollution”的原因，因此此处用连词“because”引导原因状语从句。故填because。
69．句意：发达国家尤其是英国和美国在过去的10年期间已经采取许多措施来减少空气污染。根据音标可知此处应用副词“especially”表示“尤其”。故填especially。
70．句意：发达国家尤其是英国和美国在过去的10年期间已经采取许多措施来减少空气污染。根据句子的时态“have taken many measures”结合语境可知此处应指“过去十年期间”，因此用“past”。故填past。
71．例文
Saving the Earth
How to protect the environment has become one of the biggest problems in the world. There are many kinds of pollution around us, such as air pollution, noise pollution, water pollution and light pollution. We can find that pollution not only damages our environment but also harms people’s health. So we should not throw rubbish everywhere. Some factories pour waste water into the rivers and the lakes. The behavior of these factories will pollute the water. So we should stop factories from pouring waste water directly into rivers.
We have only one earth. We must keep our environment clean and tidy. We must try our best to protect her, and make our home more beautiful.
【解析】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：根据所给提示完成写作，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，语意连贯。
[写作步骤]
第一步，阐述保护环境已成为世界最大难题之一这一事实；
第二步，介绍环境问题的危害；
第三步，介绍环保的方法并书写结语。
[亮点词汇]
①protect the environment保护环境
②not only…but also不仅……而且
③pour倾倒
④stop…from doing sth.阻止……做某事
⑤try one’s best to尽最大努力
[高分句型]
We can find that pollution not only damages our environment but also harms people’s health.(that引导宾语从句)
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