初中中考英语语法复习：不定冠词的特殊用法（含解析）

不定冠词的特殊用法
多年来，中考对于不定冠词的考查主要集中在a
/
an用于表示泛指、单数可数名词前a
/
an的选择及固定短语中几点上，但我们平时看文章或是做题，总会遇到一些不定冠词的特殊用法。现在，我们就来谈一谈这个问题。
抽象物质具体化
不定冠词可用于某些抽象名词或物质名词前，常用来表示一类、一阵、一份等意思，也可指具体的人或事。例如：
What
a
strong
wind!
多么强烈的一阵风啊！
Please
give
me
a
drink.
请给我一杯饮料。
The
sports
meeting
is
a
great
success.
这次运动会办得很成功。
He
has
a
great
love
for
sports.
他十分爱好运动。
【解析1】不定冠词用在不可数名词time,
knowledge,
understanding,
population,
history,
area,
height,
speed等名词前，此类抽象名词有一些是由动词转化而来的，常与不定冠词连用；如know
=
have
a
knowledge
of；understand
=
have
an
understanding
of等等。例如：
　
To
escape
the
pull
of
the
earth,
a
rocket
must
reach
a
speed
of
40,000
k.p.h.
为摆脱地球的引力，火箭的速度必须达到每小时四万公里。
　
China
has
an
area
of
9,600,000
square
kilometers.
中国有九百六十万平方公里的面积。
　
Corals
can
be
found
in
water
with
a
depth
of
less
than
60
metres.
珊瑚可在水深不超过60米的水域找到。
　
He
has
a
knowledge
of
the
surrounding
countryside.
他对周围的农村很熟悉。
　
The
city
has
a
population
of
ten
million.
该城市有1000万人口。
　
I
had
so
wonderful
a
time
that
I
never
forgot
it
in
my
life.
我玩得是如此开心，我一辈子也不会忘。
【解析2】不定冠词可用于某些抽象名词和物质名词前，使其具体化，表示某一次短暂的动作、行为、事件或具体的人。例如：
　
have
a
dream
/
rest
/
smoke
/
swim
/
wash
/
look
/
trip
(一次短暂行动)
　
take
a
walk
/
bath;
make
an
early
start
/
a
decision
(同上)
　
What
a
surprise
you
gave
me!
(surprise具体化成一件惊喜的事)
　
You
have
been
a
great
help
to
me.
(help在句中意为有帮助的人)
　
It’s
a
pleasure
/
an
honour
/
a
pity
/
a
joy
to…
(令人……的事)
　
As
a
writer,
he
is
a
success.
(成功的人)
　
What
a
pity
/
shame
/
honour!
(多么令人……的事)
【解析3】
一些名词既可做可数名词,也可做不可数名词，具体为哪一种情况要依语境决定。如：a
heavy
rain
(一场大雨)；a
surprise
(一件令人惊奇的事)；an
unforgettable
experience
(一次难忘的经历)等。
一个什么什么人
冠词一般不与专有名词连用，但在一些特定的语言环境中冠词也会出现在姓名等专有名词前，表示“一个叫……的人”或是“一个像……那样的人/物”。例如：
　
A
Mrs.
Green
is
asking
to
see
you.
有一位格林太太要见你。(姓名前用不定冠词，可表示“某个叫……的人”，且多指不认识的人)
　
He
thinks
he
is
a
Napoleon.
他认为他是一个拿破仑式的人物。(借喻用法，表示“像……的一个人”)
This
boy
wishes
to
be
a
Lei
Feng.
这个男孩希望成为像雷锋那样的人。
　
I’ll
buy
a
Ford.
我要买一辆福特车。
其他情况也常见
　
1.
表示独一无二的事物前的名词如sun,
moon,
sky,
universe,
world,
earth等一般加定冠词the，但如果名词前有修饰语时，也可能用不定冠词a
/
an。例如：
the
world
/
a
peaceful
world；the
moon
/
a
bright
moon
He
sat
in
a
chair,
looking
at
a
starry
sky.
他坐在椅子上，望着星空。
We
hope
to
see
a
full
moon
tonight.
我们希望今晚能看到满月。
　
2.“不定冠词+形容词比较级+单数名词”表示“更……的”，而“不定冠词+形容词最高级”并无比较含义，它表示“十分，非常，极其”。例如：
　
This
book
is
too
expensive
for
me.
I
want
to
look
at
a
cheaper
one.
这本书对我而言太贵了，我要去买一本便宜些的。
　
It
is
a
most
useful
book.
(most
=
very)
这是一本极其有用的书。
Einstein
is
most
famous
for
his
Theory
of
Relativity.
爱因斯坦因他的相对论而非常著名。
　
3.
序数词前通常用定冠词，但也有用不定冠词的情况。常见的情况如下：
Now
tell
me
why
you
took
a
second
arrow.
告诉我为什么你手里拿着另一支箭。(表示“又(另)一”，不侧重表达顺序)
He
got
a
first
prize
in
mathematics.
他得了数学比赛一等奖。(表示名次中排“第几”)
　
This
book
reached
me
through
a
third
person.
这本书是由第三者转到我手中来的。(表示任何一个“第几者”)
　
A
third
of
the
students
failed
in
the
exam.
有三分之一的学生考试不及格。(用分数词表示“几分之几”)
　
We
played
two
draws
(平局)
the
other
day,
but
when
I
tried
a
third
time,
I
was
beaten.
(a
third
time不是指有计划地从前两次排下来，它相当于again,不强调第几次)
　　4.
表示季节、月份、日期、一日三餐的名词前面一般不用冠词，但前面如果有了定语修饰，也用不定冠词a
/
an。例如：
　
Have
you
had
supper？吃过饭了吗
/
We
had
a
wonderful
supper.
我们美餐了一顿。
We
had
a
very
cold
winter
last
year.
去年冬天冷得要命。
This
happened
on
a
Sunday
towards
the
end
of
May.
这事发生在快到五月底的一个星期天。
5.
用于表示引起某种情绪的名词前。例如：
It’s
a
pity
that
we
can’t
swim.
真可惜我们不会游泳。
It
is
an
honour
to
be
invited
to
the
party.
很荣幸应邀参加这次聚会。
6.
用于某些常用的固定搭配中。例如：
have
a
cold
/
fever
/
cough
/
headache…
患感冒/发烧/咳嗽/头疼……
have
a
pain
in…
……(部位)疼
have
a
rest
/
look
/
try
休息/看一看/试一试
in
a
hurry
匆忙
all
of
a
sudden
突然
once
upon
a
time
很久以前
go
for
a
walk
散步
want
a
go
试一试
as
a
matter
of
fact实际上
“来吧，细心判断挣满分吧！”之冠词试题
1.
When
you
finish
reading
the
book,
you
will
have
_____
better
understanding
of
_____
life.
　　
A.
a;
the
B.
the;
a
C.
/;
the
D.
a;
/
2.
Tom
owns
______
larger
collection
of
______
books
than
any
other
student
in
our
class.
　　
A.
the;
/
B.
a;
/
C.
a;
the
D.
/;
the
3.
Jumping
out
of
______
airplane
at
ten
thousand
feet
is
quite
______
exciting
experience.
　　
A.
/;
the
B.
/;
an
C.
an;
an
D.
the;
the
　　4.
I
knew
______
John
Lennon,
but
not
______
famous
one.
　　
A.
/;
a
B.
a;
the
C.
/;
the
D.
the;
a
5.
It
is
______
world
of
wonders,
______
world
where
anything
can
happen.
　
　
A.
a;
the
B.
a;
a
C.
the;
a
D.
/;
/
6.
Boris
has
brains.
In
fact,
I
doubt
whether
anyone
in
the
class
has
______
IQ.
　　
A.
a
high
B.
a
higher
C.
the
higher
D.
the
highest
7.
—Hello,
could
I
speak
to
Mr.
Smith
—Sorry,
wrong
number.
There
isn’t
______
Mr.
Smith
here.
　　
A.
/
B.
a
C.
the
D.
one
8.
―Did
you
enjoy
yourself
at
the
party
―Yes,
I’ve
never
been
to
______
one
before.
　　
A.
a
more
excited
B.
the
most
excited
C.
a
more
exciting
D.
the
most
exciting
9.
One
way
to
understand
thousands
of
new
words
is
to
gain
______
good
knowledge
of
basic
word
formation.
　　
A.
/
B.
the
C.
a
D.
one
10.
While
he
was
investigating
ways
to
improve
the
telescope,
Newton
made
______
discovery
which
completely
changed
______
man’s
understanding
of
colour.
　　
A.
a;
/
B.
a;
the
C.
/;
the
D.
the;
a
　
11.
How
beautifully
she
sings!
I
have
never
heard
______.
　　
A.
the
better
voice
B.
a
good
voice
C.
the
best
voice
D.
a
better
voice
　
12.
—Do
you
think
the
weather
is
good
enough
for
a
picnic
　　
—Yes.
You
couldn’t
hope
for
______
at
this
time
of
the
year.
　　
A.
a
nice
day
B.
the
nice
day
C.
the
nicest
day
D.
a
nicer
day
　
13.
There
was
______
time
______
I
hated
to
go
to
school.
　　
A.
a;
the
B.
a;
when
C.
the;
the
D.
the;
when
14.
Mr.
Smith
has
a
great
interest
in
______
history,
especially
in
______
history
of
the
Ming
Dynasty.
　　
A.
a;
the
B.
a;
/
C.
/;
the
D.
/;
a
　
15.
—The
girl
is
said
to
have
______
gift
for
teaching
deaf
children.
　　
—She’s
great.
I
think
it
calls
for
______
patience
and
imagination.
　　
A.
a;
the
B.
a;
/
C.
the;
the
D.
/;
a
16.
An
accident
happened
at
______
crossroads
a
few
metres
away
from
______
bank.
　　
A.
a;
a
B.
/;
a
C.
/;
the
D.
the;
/
17.
I
earn
10
dollars
______
hour
as
______
supermarket
cashier
on
Saturdays.
　　
A.
a;
an
B.
the;
a
C.
an;
a
D.
an;
the
18.
The
cakes
are
delicious.
He’d
like
to
have
______
third
one
because
______
second
one
is
rather
too
small.
　　
A.
a;
a
B.
the;
the
C.
a;
the
D.
the;
a
链接中考，小练一把！(2016
天津)
VIII.
短文填空
If
you
pay
a
visit
to
Liu
Hasheng’s
restaurant
in
Harbin,
you
will
find
18
robots
there.
They
are
ready
to
serve
you
and
make
sure
that
your
dining
81.
e__________
is
perfect.
After
the
visit,
you
can
tell
others
that
the
robots
serving
customers
isn't
a
dream
any
more.
It's
wonderful
to
see
82.
h__________
the
18
robots
work
in
the
restaurant.
The
wonder
83.
s__________
when
you
walk
in.
You’ll
see
a
robot
come
up
and
say,
"Earth
person,
hello!
Welcome
to
the
Robot
Restaurant."
When
you
have
ordered
your
84.
m__________,
the
robots
in
the
kitchen
begin
to
do
the
cooking.
After
the
food
is
85.
p__________,
a
robot
waiter
will
glide
(滑行)
out
of
the
kitchen
to
serve
you
with
the
meal
you've
ordered.
And
as
customers
enjoy
their
86.
d__________
food,
a
robot
sings
lovely
songs
for
them.
You
may
ask,
“Where
did
all
these
robots
come
from ”
Liu
said
they
were
designed
and
87.
m__________
by
the
Harbin
Haohai
Robot
Company.
Liu
said
he
invested
(投资)
5
million
yuan
in
the
restaurant,
with
each
robot
costing
200,000
yuan
to
300,000
yuan.
And
the
88.
w__________
robot
team
is
managed
by
the
workers
in
the
computer
room.
After
a
busy
day,
all
the
robots
will
go
for
a
“meal”,
which
is
89.
e__________.
After
5
hours,
the
robots
can
continue
their
work
for
a
day.
The
restaurant
now
provides
a
menu
with
more
than
30
dishes
(菜肴),
and
the
average
(平均)
cost
for
a
dinner
is
90.
a__________
40
to
50
yuan.
Do
you
want
to
go
and
have
a
try
in
this
restaurant
IX.
书面表达
91.
假如你所在中学的校刊近期开辟英文专栏，征集发生在大家身边的感人故事。请根据以下提示，为该专栏投稿。
(1)
在一个寒冷的早晨，你买早餐时看到前面的女孩买了面包和牛奶。(2)
女孩要离开时，发现树下有一个老年乞丐，他看上去又冷又饿。(3)
女孩走到乞丐身旁，把食物递给了他。(4)
乞丐向女孩道谢，女孩微笑着离开。(5)
你很感动……
要求：(1)
词数：80
~
100个。(开头已给出，不计入总词数。)
(2)
要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。
参考词汇：乞丐
beggar
感动
be
moved
On
a
cold
morning,
while
I
was
__________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案及解析
“来吧，细心判断挣满分吧！”之冠词试题
1-5.
DBCBB
6-10.
BBCCA
11-15.
DDBCB
16-18.
ACC
1.
D
have
a
better
understanding
of
可看做一固定短语，相当于understand
sth.
better，life作为抽象名词在表示泛指时其前不加冠词。
2.
B
a
collection
of
是固定搭配，题中collection已具体化为收藏品，books是名词复数表泛指的情况。
　
3.
C
experience
作“经验”解时为不可数名词，作“经历”解时为可数名词。
　
4.
B
根据but所表示的逻辑关系及语境，前一空要用不定冠词表示泛指，即某一个叫列农的人，后一空中要用the是因为他是说话双方都知道的一个人，即影星列农。
　
5.
B
尽管world后有of
wonder及where引导的定语从句修饰，但依语境其中world仍是表泛指的用法，此时其前要用不定冠词。
　
6.
B
anyone
in
the
class与Boris相比较,故要用比较级；the
higher
IQ指(两人中)比较高的智商，不能作为答案。
7.
B
人名或姓氏前加不定冠词表示“一个叫做……的人”，故选B。
8.
C
句意：“—你在聚会中玩的开心吗？—开心啊，我以前从未去过一个更好玩的地方。”比较级前的不定冠词表示泛指。
9.
C
knowledge是不可数名词，当被某些修饰语修饰时，前面要加不定冠词，如：He
has
a
very
good
knowledge
of
English.他在英语方面有丰富的知识。
10.
A第一空指具体一项发现；man这里表示
“人类”,
前边要省略冠词。
11.
D
同第8题
12.
D
同上题
13.
B考查名词和定语从句。本题中的time是可数名词“时期，时代”，故使用a来修饰；后面的定语从句很完整，则使用关系副词when。句意：有这样的一段时间，在那时我讨厌上学。名词的考查要从可数还是不可数方面着手。定语从句关键在于分析句子结构，如果句子缺少主语，宾语，表语，定语使用关系代词；如果句子很完整则使用关系副词。
14.
C
句意：史密斯先生对历史感兴趣，尤其是明代的历史。第一空是泛指“历史”，不加冠词，第二空是特指“明代的历史”，所以选C。
15.
B
have
a
gift
for…意为“有某方面的天赋”；patience和imagination都是抽象名词，表示泛指，故不加冠词。
16.
A
at
a
crossroads表示“在十字路口”，crossroads“十字路口”是复数形式单数用法；bank是可数名词，不能单独使用(要加冠词或复数)，又非特指，不能用the。此处是泛指，前面要用不定冠词a。
17.
C
hour以元音开头，前面加不定冠词an，an
hour“每小时”；a表示“一个”，放在supermarket
cashier前面表示类指，说明属哪类人。译文：星期六我作为超市出纳员每小时挣10美元。a/an的用法规则：以元音音素开头的单词前用an，以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。
18.
C
注意序数词前面的冠词的用法：当序数词表示顺序时用定冠词the；表示再来一次使用不定冠词a
(an)。从句子的意思可知，third
one表示再吃一个，所以填a；second
one表示所吃的第二个，所以填the。这句话的意思是：蛋糕很好吃。他想再吃一个，因为他吃的第二个太小了。
参考答案及解析
链接中考，小练一把！(2016
天津)
VIII.
短文填空
81.
experience
82.
how
83.
starts
84.
meal
85.
prepared
86.
delicious
87.
made
88.
whole
89.
electricity
90.
about
【解析】
本文是对哈尔滨机器人参观的介绍，本餐馆内有十八个机器人为你服务并保证你的餐饮完美。短文介绍了机器人的工作过程和技术支持等。你想要去这家餐馆试一试吗？机器人为顾客服务不再是一个梦了。
81.
experience
句意：它们时刻为你服务并且保证你的餐饮体验完美。餐饮体验、经历，
故填experience。
82.
how
句意：看十八个机器人在餐馆里怎样工作是一件奇妙的事。看它们怎样工作，故
填how。
83.
starts句意：奇妙从你进入开始。从一进门，就开始受到机器人的热情招待。故填：starts。
84.
meal句意：当你点了你的餐饭时。点餐：order
the
meal。故填：meal。
85.
prepared句意：在所有的食物准备好后，一个机器人服务员会从厨房把你点的菜推到
你的面前。准备好后，为顾客送到。食物被准备，用被动语态，故填：prepared。
86.
delicious句意：而且当顾客享受美食时，一个机器人为他们唱出甜美的歌。可口的食
物，故填：delicious。
87.
made句意：它们由哈尔滨浩海机器人公司设计制作。由……制作：be
made
by。故填：
made。
88.
whole句意：所有的机器人团队由电脑室的工作人员控制。整个的，所有的：whole。
89.
electricity句意：忙了一天后，所有的机器人进食，食物是电。机器人充电，补充能量。
故填：electricity。
90.
about句意：平均一餐大约在40到50元。表示估计，大约：about。
IX.
书面表达
91.
On
a
cold
morning,
while
I
was
buying
breakfast
for
myself，I
saw
the
girl
in
front
of
me
buy
some
bread
and
milk.
when
she
was
about
to
leave,
she
found
an
old
beggar
under
the
tree.
The
old
beggar
looked
cold
and
hungry.
The
girl
went
up
to
him
and
gave
the
food
to
him.
The
beggar
thanked
the
girl
for
her
help
and
had
the
delicious
breakfast.
The
girl
smiled
and
left
without
saying
anything.
I
was
so
moved
that
I
felt
that
it
was
very
warm
in
my
heart
and
in
my
school.
【解析】
本题是一篇给提纲记叙文写作，要求叙述发生在校园里一天早晨的故事。短文要根据提示要求，按时间先后顺序，把故事发生的经过描述清楚，并谈谈自己的感受。短文用第一、三人称，一般过去时态进行表达。
写作亮点：本范文按照事件发生的先后顺序，清楚地描述了早餐时我所见到的感人故事。层次清楚，条理分明。其中用到的，see
sb.
do
sth,
be
about
to
do
sth,
go
up
to,
give
sth
to
sb.
thank
sb.
for
…,
without
doing
sth等等短语及句型结构的使用，为本文增色不少。短文结尾句中的warm一词，画龙点睛。突出中心，点明主旨。
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