2019新人教版Unit 5 Languages Around the World 必须掌握的词根词缀
单词 前缀 词根/词基(含义) 后缀 中文义
billion bi-(二) mill(千) ion 十亿
native nat(出生) ive 本地的
attitude apt(适合) itude 态度
reference re- 回 fer(携带) ence 参考
despite de- 向下 spic (看) ite 尽管
factor fac(做) or 因素
symbol sym- 共同 bol(投) 象征
dynasty dyn(力量) asty 朝代
major mag(大) or 主要的
dialect dia- 之间 lect(说) 方言
regard re- 再 gard(看) 看待
character char(刻) acter 字符
calligraphy calli(美丽)+graph(写) y 书法
affair af- 向 fair(做) 事情
appreciate ap- 向 preci(价格) ate 欣赏
specific spec (看) ific 具体的
struggle strug(扭打) le 奋斗
tongue tang(触) ue 舌头
subway sub- 下 way(路) 地铁
equal equ(平) al 平等的
demand de- 加强 mand(命令) 需求
vocabulary voc(声音)+abul(集合) ary 词汇
description de- 下 script(写) ion 描述
relate re- 回 lat(携带) e 关联
【必须掌握的 10 大高频词根 / 词缀】
(从 31 个文化-学术词汇中精选,可衍生 200+ 实用词)
成分 核心含义 已学例词 再举 2 个衍生词
nat / nasc 出生 native nation, prenatal
fer / ph 携带、传递 reference transfer, conference
spec / spect 看 specific inspect, perspective
graph / scrib / script 写、画 calligraphy, description biography, manuscript
mand / mend 命令 demand command, recommend
voc / vok 声音 vocabulary vocal, advocate
equ 平、等 equal equation, equivalent
glob 球 global globe, glob
re- 再、回 relate, regard return, review
-ion 名词后缀 description, demand construction, solution
【必须掌握的7大推荐核心词根】
词根/词缀 含义 例词 构词力
-nat- 出生 native, nature, nation
-fer- 携带 reference, refer, transfer
-fac- 做 factor, factory, benefit
-lect- 说,选 dialect, select, lecture
-graph- 写 calligraphy, biography, photograph
-spec- 看 specific, specify, spectacle
-voc- 声音,词 vocabulary, vocal, vocation
【10 个必背构词成分逐词详解】
1 nat / nasc = 出生
native:nat + ive → 生来的 → 本地的
衍生:nation, nature, prenatal
2 fer / phor = 携带
reference:re- “回” + fer → 带回信息 → 参考
衍生:transfer, conference, prefer
3 spec / spect / spic = 看
specific:spec + ific → 看得清楚 → 具体的
despite:de- “向下” + spic → 向下看 → 轻视 → 尽管
衍生:inspect, respect, perspective
4 graph / gram = 写、画
calligraphy:calli(美) + graph → 美的书写 → 书法
衍生:biography, telegram, paragraph
5 glob = 球
global:glob + al → 球形的 → 全球的
衍生:globe, conglobe
6 mand / mend = 命令、委托
demand:de- “加强” + mand → 强烈要求 → 需求
衍生:command, recommend, mandatory
7 voc / vok = 声音
vocabulary:voc + abul + ary → “声音的集合” → 词汇
衍生:vocal, advocate, invoke
8 script / scrib = 写
description:de- “下” + script → 写下来 → 描述
衍生:subscribe, manuscript, inscription
9 equ = 平、等
equal:equ + al → 相等的
衍生:equator, equation, equity
re- = 再次、回
relate:re- “回” + lat(携带) → 把信息带回来 → 关联
衍生:return, review, rebuild
【词根闯关练习题】
【围绕 “nat / fer / spect / scrib / mand / voc / equ / glob / re- / -ion” 这 10 个必背成分,每种题型 2 题,共 10 题】
一、词根造句 Fill-in-the-Blank
用括号中给出的词根(或词缀)写出完整单词,使句子意思通顺。
1. The ____________ (nat) rate in this city has declined for three years in a row.
2. We need to ____________ (scrib) our names on the back of the photo.
二、同根家族连线 Match-up
把左栏单词与右栏对应的“词根含义”连线(字母填在括号里)。
3. export ( ) a. 看
4. spectator ( ) b. 携带
5. equalize ( ) c. 平
6. revoke ( ) d. 声音/喊
三、词缀改错 Error Correction
每题有一个词根/词缀拼写错误,请在括号里写出正确形式。
7. The teacher asked us to “rescript” our essays. → ( )
8. The hotel provides “equallity” rooms for all guests. → ( )
四、一字多义 Multiple Meanings
根据括号提示,用同一个词根写出两个不同单词。
9. 看(动词)________ 看(名词,地点)________
10. 携带(动词)________ 携带(名词,会议)________
五、选择题(单选,把字母写在括号里)
含“出生”含义词根?
A. regard B. native. C. global D. equal ( )
含“携带”含义词根?
A. describe B. specific C. equal D. transfer ( )
含“看”含义词根?
A. demand B. equal C inspect. D. native ( )
含“写”含义词根?
A. describe B. native C. global D. equal ( )
含“命令”含义词根?
A. global B. inspect C. command D. equal ( )
含“声音”含义词根?
A. vocal B. inspect C. globe D. equal ( )
含“平等”含义词根?
A. describe B. equation C. globe D. native ( )
含“球”含义词根?
A. globe B. equal C. describe D. native ( )
含“再、回”含义前缀?
A. globe B. command C. return D. equal ( )
含“名词后缀” -ion / tion?
A. description B. equal C. globe D. native ( )
六、单项选择(8题)
1. "Vocabulary" means:
A. a type of music B. a collection of words
C. a way of speaking D. a foreign language
2. "Specific" comes from "spec" (see). It means:
A. general B. unclear
C. clearly defined D. imaginary
3. "Calligraphy" literally means:
A. fast writing B. beautiful writing
C. secret writing D. printed writing
4. "Relate" means to tell a story because:
A. it means "to read" B. it means "to carry back"
C. it means "to write" D. it means "to see"
5. Which word does NOT contain "-fer-"
A. reference B. transfer
C. prefer D. describe
6. "Dialect" refers to a regional way of speaking because:
A. "dia" means "two" B. "lect" means "to speak"
C. "dia" means "through" D. all of the above
7. "Factor" originally meant:
A. a person who does something B. a number
C. a machine D. a problem
8. "Attitude" is related to "statue" because both contain:
A. -tude B. -tat-
C. -att- D. -stat-
【参考答案】
一、完成句子
1. natality / birthrate(nat = 出生)
2. inscribe(scrib = 写)
二、连线题 3. b 4. a 5. c 6. D
三、改错题 7. rewrite / revise(re- + scribe) 8. equality(equ + ality)
四、填空题
9. inspect spectacle / spectator
10. transfer conference
五.单项选择
1 B 2 D 3 C 4 A 5 C 6 A 7 B 8 A 9 C 10 A
六.单项选择
题号 答案 解析
1 B voc- = 词,-ulary = 集合 → 词汇库
2 C spec- = 看 → specific = 能被清楚看到的 → 具体的
3 B cali- = 美丽,-graphy = 写 → 美丽的书写
4 B re- = 再,-late = 携带 → 再次传递信息 → 讲述
5 D describe ← scribere(写),不含 -fer-
6 D dia- = 通过/两者之间,-lect- = 说 → 地区性语言
7 A factor = 做事的人 → 影响者 → 因素
8 D attitude 和 statue 都来自 -stat-(站立)