必修第一册 UNIT 3 SPORTS AND FITNESS
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
determination；injury；jog；positive；pretend；slim；compete
Competitive Sports and Mass Sports
Nowadays，sports can be roughly divided into two categories—competitive sports and mass sports. The former means that athletes must 1.compete against each other for medals in championships or events in the Olympics to win honour and glory for their country, which needs not only skills and strength but also great 2.determination. However，success often comes along with error，stress，failure and 3.pared with competitive sports，mass sports focus on fitness rather than competition.Millions of people go 4.jogging or do push ups to keep healthy or become 5.slimmer instead of going on a diet by cutting out fat. However，with no audience to shout encouragement，they may give up．They cheat themselves into taking exercise the next day or 6.pretend to have done it otherwise，which doesn't make sense. However，even if you take exercise now and then，it will make a difference and have 7.positive effects，won't it So why not move in and join in the mass sports
提示：加底纹词汇为本单元复现词汇
1 honour n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸 v．尊敬；给予表扬；信守(承诺)(→honourable adj.值得尊重的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Michael Jordan，a master in basketball，never lost heart even if he was faced with failure，for which he was greatly honoured (honour)．
[能力提升]——一句多译
②我非常荣幸地发表演讲，与大家分享我对京剧的看法。
→It is a great honour for me to deliver a speech to share with you my opinions on Peking Opera.
→I feel it a great honour to deliver a speech to share with you my opinions on Peking Opera.
→I feel/am greatly honoured to deliver a speech to share with you my opinions on Peking Opera.(演讲稿)
(1)It's an honour for sb.to do sth.
对某人来说做某事很荣幸。
feel it an honour to do sth. 做某事感到荣幸
in honour of... 向……表示敬意；为纪念……
(2)be/feel honoured to do sth. 做某事感到荣幸
[语料积累] ①It's my honour to be here to present my speech.(演讲稿)
很荣幸能在这里发表我的演讲。
②With the Dragon Boat Festival approaching, we are planning to hold a dragon boat race in honour of the famous poet, Qu Yuan.(告知信)
随着端午节的临近，我们计划举行一场龙舟比赛，以纪念著名诗人屈原。
2 determination n．决心；决定(→determine v．测定；决定；确定→determined adj.坚决的；有决心的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①It was at that time that I determined to go (go) on working on the farm so that I could help support my family.
②He determined on/upon facing the failure bravely rather than escaping from reality.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2023·北京卷)我决定要策划一场以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐部活动，因此写信向你请教一些宝贵的建议。
Determined to plan a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”，I am writing to ask you for some precious advice.(求助信)
(1)determine to do... 决定做……(表示动作)
determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事
(2)be determined to do... 决心做……(表示状态)
[语料积累] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Leaving his office that day, I felt a sense of purpose and determination. I knew that this was just the beginning. I was inspired to keep writing and exploring my creativity.(主旨升华)
那天离开他的办公室，我感觉到一种目标感和决心。我知道这只是个开始。我深受鼓舞，要继续写作和探索自己的创造力。
3 injury n．伤害；损伤(→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的→injure vt.使受伤；损害)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Once there, Lenoue was assessed and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries (injury) in one of her knees.
②A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured (injure) and this meant not running for two weeks.
[能力提升]——微写作
③莉莉没有看就挥舞她的背包，伤害了她的同学。
Lily did her classmate an injury/did an injury to her classmate when she swung her backpack without looking.(动作描写)
(1)do sb.an injury(＝do an injury to sb.)伤害某人
(2)the injured受伤的人；伤员
(3)get/be injured受伤
[语料积累] ①sports injury(事件介绍)
运动伤害
②the injured athlete(人物描写)
受伤的运动员
③The rescue team dashed to the spot，offered first aid to the injured and then rushed them to the nearest hospital.(动作链)
营救队冲到现场，给伤者实施急救，然后急忙把他们送往最近的医院。
4 strength n. 力量；体力；长处，优势；毅力(→strengthen v．加强)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The team was at full strength last night, resulting in a dominant victory over their competitors.
②If you deal with your studies with all your strength, you'll overcome the challenges and achieve your goals.
③After a long day at work, I barely had the strength to cook (cook) dinner for the family.
④By participating in such a rewarding activity, we strengthened (strength) our awareness of labor.
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤小组学习的优点是我们可以互相帮助理解难点，这使得学习更有效且更有趣。
The strength of group study is that we can help each other understand difficulties, making learning more effective and enjoyable.(建议信)
build up one's strength 强身健体
at full strength 处于最佳状态
with all one's strength 用尽全力
have the strength to do sth.
有力量/意志做某事strengths and weaknesses 优势和劣势
The strength of...is that... ……的优点是……
[语料积累] ①their unique strengths and weaknesses(观点表达)
他们独特的优势和劣势
②Eating a balanced diet and regular exercise are crucial for building up your strength and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.(建议信)
均衡饮食和定期锻炼对强身健体和维持健康的生活方式至关重要。
5 compete vi.竞争；对抗(→competitive adj.竞争的，竞争性强的；有竞争力的→competitor n．竞争者，竞争对手；参赛者→competition n．竞争；竞赛，比赛)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①We are in competition with four other companies for the contract.
[能力提升]——微写作
②我建议我们组建一个团队，在即将到来的赛事中争夺冠军。
I suggest we form a team to compete for the championship in the upcoming event.(建议信)
③在全国辩论比赛中竞争时，她感到既紧张又兴奋。
Competing in the national debate competition, she felt a mix of nerves and excitement.(心理描写)
(1)compete with/against sb. 和某人竞争
compete for sth. 为……而竞争
compete in sth. 在……中竞争
(2)in competition with 与……竞争
[语料积累] ①a competitive race(活动介绍)
竞争激烈的比赛
②an essay competition(通知)
征文比赛
③(2021·浙江1月卷)In the pumpkin field, I compete with my three brothers and sister to seek out the biggest pumpkin.(场景描写)
在南瓜地里，我和我的三个哥哥和姐姐比赛，寻找最大的南瓜。
6 pretend vt.& vi.假装；假扮
[基础检测]——对比填空(to read/to be reading)
①The naughty boy pretended to be reading when the headmaster came into the classroom.
②The naughty boy pretended to read every morning, but actually he did nothing.
[能力提升]——微写作/一句多译
③当我在学习中遇到难题时，我会向同学或老师求助，而不是不懂装懂。
When I am faced with difficulties in learning, I won't pretend to have known them, but turn to my classmates or teachers.(演讲稿)
④汤姆假装自己是一位老师，模仿着老师的语气。
→Tom pretended to be a teacher, imitating the teacher's tone.(pretend to be)
→Tom pretended that he was a teacher, imitating the teacher's tone.(pretend that...)(情景描写)
pretend to be… 假装是……
pretend to do… 假装做……
pretend to be doing… 假装正在做……
pretend to have done… 假装已经做过……
pretend that... 假装……
[语料积累] ①pretend not to know(动作描写)
假装不知道
②pretend to listen(动作描写)
假装在听
③pretend to be asleep(动作描写)
假装睡着了
④pretend to study(动作描写)
假装在学习
⑤(2024·浙江1月卷)She decided that she would memorize where her classes were and then pretend that the rest of the place didn't exist.(心理描写)
她决定记住自己上课的地方，然后假装其他地方都不存在。
7 stress n. 压力；紧张；重音vt. 强调；重读；使焦虑不安vi. 焦虑不安(→stressful adj.压力大的；令人紧张的→stressed adj.有压力的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The health program puts stress on regular exercise, offering a variety of free fitness classes to encourage residents to stay active and healthy.
②The teacher would always stress the importance of reading daily to her students.
③“I find moving houses to be one of the most stressful (stress) experiences，” sighed Grace.
[能力提升]——微写作
④处于压力之下，她一改通常开朗的性格，变得沉默了。
Her usual cheerful character changed, and she became quiet when under stress．(人物描写)
(1)under stress 在压力下
lay/place/put stress on... 强调……
(2)stress the importance of... 强调……的重要性
(3)feel/be stressed out 感到焦虑的
[语料积累] ①stress the importance of balancing schoolwork and rest(建议信)
强调平衡学业和休息的重要性
②With dark circles under her eyes, it was evident that Lisa was stressed out from her demanding job.(外貌描写)
丽莎的黑眼圈显然表明她因为要求苛刻的工作而感到焦虑。
8 set an example (for/to)(为……)树立榜样
[基础检测]——用set的相关短语填空
①The police haven't found out who set fire to the storehouse.
②When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America，the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.
[能力提升]——微写作
③在比赛时，即使遇到困难他也不灰心丧气，这为其他运动员树立了一个好榜样。
He never loses heart in the competition even when in difficulties, which sets a good example to/for other athletes.(人物介绍)
(1)for example 举个例子
follow one's example 效仿某人
take...for example 以……为例
(2)set fire to 纵火焚烧；使……燃烧
set foot in/on/upon 进入；踏上
[语料积累] Many people face challenges in their daily lives.Take my neighbor for example. She works two jobs to support her family.(人物描写)
很多人在日常生活中面临挑战。以我的邻居为例，她做两份工作养家糊口。
9 fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃
[基础检测]——用apart的相关短语填空
①He took apart a computer yesterday but didn't know how to put it together again.
②The two boys are twins and so much alike that only their mother can tell them apart．
③It's a great job, apart from the early start in the mornings.
[能力提升]——微写作
④听到那个悲伤的消息后，他觉得自己崩溃了。
After hearing the sad news, he felt like he was falling apart．(情感描写)
take apart拆开
tell...apart识别……；辨认……
apart from除……以外
[语料积累] ①apart from school activities(活动介绍)
除了学校活动以外
②In botany class, we learned how to tell apart various species of plants by their leaves.(活动介绍)
在植物学课上，我们学习了如何通过植物的叶子来辨认不同的物种。
10 give up放弃；投降
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Near the final lap in the relay race, Jane felt her energy give out, but she refused to give in to fatigue(疲劳) and continued to pass the baton to the next teammate.
②Mark noticed Emma struggling to carry her lunch tray. He quickly went over to give her a hand, making sure she didn't spill anything.
[能力提升]——微写作
③随着秋天的到来，夏日的炎热逐渐被凉爽的空气和清新的微风所取代。
With the arrival of the autumn, the summer heat gradually gives way to cool air and fresh breezes.(环境描写)
give in (to)(向……)屈服，投降
give out分发；用光；耗尽
give away赠送；泄露
give off散发(光和热等)
give way to给……让路
give sb.a hand帮某人一个忙
[语料积累] Although the weather condition was poor and the wind was still fierce, they didn't give up hope of finding him.(环境、心理描写)
尽管天气恶劣，风依然猛烈，但他们并没有放弃找到他的希望。
11 make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚
[基础检测]——用sense的相关短语填空
①When she explained why she was late, her reasons did make sense.
②Though the old tradition doesn't make sense to the younger generation, it's cherished by the elders.
③Students often struggle to make sense of complicated mathematical problems without guidance.
④Fierce as the competition is, we can in no sense give up halfway.
[能力提升]——一句多译
⑤买那件昂贵的大衣是没有意义的，因为这些便宜的也一样好。
→It doesn't make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.(it作形式主语)
→There is no sense (in) buying that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.(there be)
(1)make sense to sb. 对某人有意义
make sense of 理解；弄明白
(2)There is no sense/point (in) doing sth.
做某事没有道理/意义
It doesn't make sense to do sth.
做某事没有道理/意义
(3)a sense of achievement/humour/direction
成就感/幽默感/方向感
(4)in no sense 绝不
[语料积累] My friend Jack always makes me laugh. His sense of humor is so strong that even during stressful exams, he can lighten the mood.(人物描写)
我的朋友杰克总是让我笑。他的幽默感非常强，即使在紧张的考试期间，他也能缓解气氛。
[名师指津] make sense的主语通常是“物”， 意为“有道理，讲得通”； make sense of的主语为“人”，意为“弄懂”。
12 cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①One morning I spotted a lost lamb when I was in the top field, near where a motorway cuts through my land.
②During the heated discussion in class, Tom couldn't help but cut in with his opinion, eager to share his thoughts on the subject.
[能力提升]——微写作
③暴风雨使村庄与外界隔绝，居民几天没有电和通讯，直到救援到达。
The storm cut off the village from the outside world, leaving the residents without power and communication for several days until help arrived.(环境描写)
cut across/through穿过(某地)(尤指抄近路)
cut in插嘴
cut off中断；切掉；使隔绝
cut up切碎
cut down砍倒；削减；删节；缩小(尺寸、数量等)
cut back减少，削减，缩减
[语料积累] She carefully cut out the article from the newspaper, making sure not to tear the edges, so she could add it to her notebook.(动作描写)
她小心翼翼地从报纸上剪下那篇文章，确保不撕破边缘，这样她就可以把它加到她的笔记本里。
13 句型公式：“Sb./Sth. seems/seemed＋不定式”意为“看来……；好像……”
(教材原句)In the final seconds of a game, Jordan always seemed to find a way to win.
在比赛的最后几秒钟，乔丹似乎总能找到制胜的方法。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①It seems difficult to learn so many new words by heart in a short time.
②The engine just won't start; something seems to have gone (go) wrong with it.
[能力提升]——微写作/句型转换
③她好像认识米莉已有好多年了似的。
It seemed as if/as though she had known Millie for years.(人物描写)
④It seemed that his mouth was full of blood and his eyes were red with anger.
→His mouth seemed to be full of blood, his eyes red with anger.(外貌描写)
(1)Sb./Sth. seems/seemed＋不定式
＝It seems/seemed that... 看来……；好像……
(2)It seems＋形容词＋to do sth. 做某事看起来……
(3)It seems as if/as though... 看起来好像……
[语料积累] ①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The atmosphere was incredibly peaceful. Everyone seemed to be deeply buried in their work.(场景描写)
氛围非常宁静。每个人都似乎深深地沉浸在他们的作品中。
②My cold heart seemed to melt slowly.(情感描写)
我冰冷的心似乎慢慢融化了。
14 句型公式：even if/though 即使；虽然
(教材原句)A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.
足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空/补全句子
①Even if/though the final exam is around the corner, I'll still manage to find time to work out．
②Tired as we are, we find it meaningful to take part in the activity.
③Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world.
④Though/Although/While the weather was unfavorable (虽然天气不佳), we still managed to enjoy our hiking trip.
⑤Whether you're young or old (无论你是年轻还是年老), exercise is beneficial to your health.
[能力提升]——句型转换
⑥Although it was raining heavily outside, they started out very early.
→Even if it was raining heavily outside, they started out very early.(用even if改写)
→Heavily as it was raining outside, they started out very early.(用as改写)
引导让步状语从句的连词主要有：
(1)用although, though, even though, even if等引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”或“虽然”。
(2)用when 和while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”或“虽然”。
(3)用whether...or...引导让步状语从句，意为“不管/无论……还是……”。
(4)用whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引导让步状语从句，意为“不管/无论什么/谁/怎样/什么时候/在哪里……”。
(5)用as引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。用作此意时，要使用倒装结构，即将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。
[语料积累] There is a big stadium in our school, which offers us an opportunity to do a variety of sports even if it's rainy.(地点介绍)
我们学校有一个大体育馆，即使下雨我们也有机会做各种运动。
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．Please come along with me to the new bookstore after school; there are the latest novels.
2．Despite the challenges, he made it to the top of his class through persistent efforts.
3．She almost lost heart in her math studies, but her teacher helped her regain confidence.
4．Reading aloud every day can make a difference to your language skills.
1．make it 获得成功；准时到达
2．lose heart 丧失信心；泄气
3．make a difference to 对……有作用或影响
4．compare...with/to... 与……比较
5．come along 跟随；到达；进步；赶快
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——名词后缀 y/ ty
名词后缀 y/ ty表示性质、状态、动作或结果等。例如本单元中的单词：injure (vt. 使受伤；损害)去e ＋后缀 y转化成名词injury(伤害；损伤)。名词后缀 y/ ty的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．The pizza delivery was faster than expected, arriving hot and fresh at our doorstep in just 20 minutes. n. 递送
2．After weeks of rest and treatment, her recovery from the illness was steady and she returned to school. n. 恢复
3．Honesty is valued in our family, and we always encourage open communication about our feelings. n. 诚实
4．Modesty is considered a virtue, especially when one achieves success but remains down to earth. n. 谦虚
5．Wearing a helmet while riding a bike is crucial for safety, as it protects your head in case of an accident. n. 安全
板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．track
A.n.轨道；铁轨 B．n.跑道；径赛 C．v.追踪；跟踪 D．n.小路，小径 E．n.(动物或车辆留下的)足迹，踪迹
(1)We set off once more，over a rough mountain track．D
(2)The only evidence of pandas was their tracks in the snow.E
(3)(2022·全国乙卷)They will be moving on the track ahead of the train，and programmed to run autonomously.A
(4)(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50 kilometer race walk，which is about five miles longer than the marathon.B
(5)(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape，color and texture(质地) of grass.C
2．work out
A.锻炼身体 B．解决 C．计算出
(1)With great efforts the soldier worked out the problem.B
(2)The area can be easily worked out if you know the length and the width.C
(3)To win glory for our class in the sports meeting，I have been working out in the past three months.A
3．make it
A.准时到达；赶上 B．幸免于难 C．获得成功 D．约定时间
(1)The doctors think he's going to make it. B
(2)The train leaves in five minutes—we'll never make it．A
(3)You shouldn't lose heart; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.C
(4)Let's make it at seven o'clock on Tuesday morning at my office.D
4．master
A.v.精通；掌握 B．v.控制 C．n.能手，大师 D．n.硕士学位 E．n.主人；主宰者
(1)However annoyed you are，you must learn to master your emotion.B
(2)Each time its master got back home，the dog would wag its tail excitedly.E
(3)(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Wang，who is often in dangerous situations，is also a judo(柔道) master．C
(4)(2021·北京卷)You are studying in a graduate program for a master's degree.D
(5)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)That is the only French phrase I mastered，and it's a shame I don't have much use for it.A
5．stress
A.n.紧张，精神压力 B．n.物理压力 C．v.强调 D．v.重读 E．v.使非常紧张
(1)The words with important information are normally stressed．D
(2)As a new driver，driving in such a busy street really stresses me out.E
(3)(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)What should be stressed in school education according to Schama？C
(4)(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips.B
(5)(2023·全国乙卷)But studies have shown that they can promote people's well being by improving their mood(心情)，reducing stress and helping their memory.A
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．(2023·浙江1月卷)My goal is to help my students develop awareness of their strengths, weaknesses, and learning needs, and to enable them to learn throughout their lives.
n. 长处；优势
[点拨]strength (熟义) n. 力量；力气。此处意为“长处；优势”。
2．(2021·全国乙卷)Indeed, old age for them, and many old Americans can mean not only the possible failure of one's health, but the loss of identity and self worth.n. 衰竭
[点拨]failure (熟义) n. 失败；失败的人(或事物)。此处意为“衰竭”。
3．Facing a competitive opponent, he had a slim chance of winning the game.adj. 不足的，小的
[点拨]slim (熟义) adj. 苗条的；纤细的。此处意为“不足的，小的”。
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配
1．Rather than admire/admiring (admire) the beauty of movie stars，I learned to discover my unique beauty.
2．Compared (compare) with those who are always complaining, people with a positive attitude towards life live longer.
3．The competition (compete) was extremely fierce and at last we won the match narrowly by 74 vs 72.
4．Every morning, Sarah goes to the park to work out and maintain her fitness.
5．The architect got injured (injure) when hiking to the castle through a narrow path.
6．She is firmly determined to finish (finish) her project by this weekend, despite facing numerous challenges along the way.
7．She pretended to be (be) joyous and engaged, skillfully masking her true feelings of loneliness and detachment.
8．The doctor strongly advised him to cut out staying up late to support his mental and physical health.
9．The trick to the success is simply to be organised, efficient, and to stay positive about it.
10．Words failed (fail) me when I stood at the top of the mountain and looked out at the breathtaking view.
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．友谊的优势是我们可以在困难时期互相支持。
The strength of friendship is that we can support each other through difficult times．(建议信)
2．早起让我一整天都感觉更有活力。
Getting up early helps me feel more energetic throughout the day．(人物描写)
3．杰克似乎明白了课堂上的所有内容。
Jack seems to understand everything in class．(动作描写)
4．保持健康的秘诀是定期锻炼并且保持均衡的饮食。
The secret to staying healthy is exercising regularly and eating a balanced diet．(建议信)
5．即使你第一次失败了，坚持尝试直到成功是很重要的。
Even if/though you fail the first time, it's important to keep trying until you succeed．(建议信)
6．Our team felt it an honour to represent the school in the competition.(演讲稿)
→It was an honour for our team to represent the school in the competition．(使用形式主语)
→Our team was/felt honoured to represent the school in the competition．(使用过去分词)
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
假定本周是你校的体育周，请你用英语为你校广播站写一篇题为“运动改变了我”的稿件，介绍你运动观念的转变。内容包括： 1．你之前的状态； 2．你运动的经历； 3．你的改变。
Sports Have Changed Me
This week is sports week in our school. Today, 1.I feel highly honoured to be here to share with you the benefits of sports (我很荣幸能在此与大家分享体育的好处；feel honoured to do) as well as my personal experiences and feelings about it.
I once hated getting up early to work out because it made me sweaty and tired out. However, after trying it, I found sports beneficial. 2.Not only do sports build up our strength, but they also keep us positive (运动不仅能强身健体，还能使我们保持乐观；not only...but also...). I often go jogging, which relieves my stress. Moreover, sticking to jogging 3.makes a great difference to my fitness (对我的健康有很大的帮助)．
As life lies in movement, let's work out together.
维度二 读后续写微技能4——情感细节描写：感激与感动
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
1．appreciate vt. 感激 2．appreciation n. 感激 3．grateful/thankful adj. 感激的；感谢的 4．gratefully/thankfully adv. 感激地 5．gratitude/thanks n. 感激；感谢 6．move/touch vt. 使感动 7．moving/touching adj. 令人感动的 8．moved/touched adj. 感动的 9．a growing sense of pride 越来越自豪 10．well up 涌出 11．roll down without control 无法控制地滚落下来 12．sweep over 席卷 13．tears of gratitude 感激的眼泪 14．touch sb. deeply 深深打动了某人 15．fill sb. with gratitude 让某人心中充满感激 16．be moved by 被……感动 17．be moved/touched to tears 感动得落泪 18．have a deep gratitude towards... 对……深怀感激 19．with gratitude/appreciation 感激地 20．owe sb. a lot/a great deal 非常感激某人
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．正是因为他冒着生命危险救了我，我才流下了感激的眼泪。
It was because he risked his life to save me that I shed tears of gratitude．
2．我被他所做的事深深地感动了，感觉眼泪无法控制地滚落下来。
Deeply moved/touched/affected by what he had done, I felt tears rolling down without control．
3．她热泪盈眶，哽咽着一遍又一遍地感谢他。
With tears welling up in her eyes，she thanked him again and again with a lump in her throat．(with复合结构)
4．寒冷的天气里，一种温暖的感觉席卷了彼得，他开始相信每个角落都有善良。
A feeling of warmth sweeping over Peter on the cold day, he began to believe there was kindness in every corner．(独立主格结构)
5．能够和在这里遇到的人一起，成为这个杰出小组的一员，我心中的自豪感油然而生，大家的双眼中都熠熠闪耀着奉献精神的光芒。
With each person I met, I felt a growing sense of pride as part of this extraordinary team, whose devotion to the cause shone from their eyes. (外研版选必二U4)
任务2 语段表达
Last week, I was feeling down because I didn't do well on my math test. When I got home, I found a note from my mom on my desk. It said, “I believe in you. Don't give up！” Her simple words 1.touched me deeply (深深打动了我). I realized how much she cared about me and believed in my abilities. The next day, I studied even harder, determined to do better. My mom's encouragement 2.filled me with gratitude (让我心中充满感激) and gave me the strength to keep going. 3.I was moved by her love and support (她的爱和支持让我感动), and I promised myself I wouldn't disappoint her．
————基础默测—————
默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．marathon n. 马拉松赛跑
2．glory n. 荣誉；光荣；赞美
3．gymnastics n. 体操(训练)
4．soccer n. 足球；足球运动
5．stadium n. (pl.stadiums or stadia) 体育场；运动场
6．badminton n. 羽毛球运动
二、核心单词写得准
1．pretend vi. & vt. 假装；装扮
2．audience n. 观众；听众
3．diet n. 规定饮食；日常饮食 vi. 节食
4．master n. 高手；主人 vt. 精通；掌握
5．medal n. 奖章；勋章
6．captain n. (运动队)队长；船长；机长
7．event n. 比赛项目；大事；公开活动
8．sweat vt. 使出汗；出汗弄湿 vi. 出汗；流汗 n. 汗水；出汗
9．positive adj. 积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的
10．slim adj. 苗条的；单薄的
三、拓展单词通变化
1．fit adj. 适合的；健康的 vt. & vi. 适合→fitness n. 健康；健壮；适合→unfit adj. 不适合的
2．host vt. 主办；主持 n. 主人；东道主；节目主持人→hostess n. 女主人
3．honour n. 荣誉；尊敬；荣幸→honourable adj. 可敬的；体面的→honoured adj. 受尊敬的
4．champion n. 冠军；优胜者→championship n. 锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号
5．determine v．决心；决意→determination n. 决心；决定→determined adj. 坚决的
6．injure vt. 使受伤；损害→injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的→injury n. 伤害；损伤
7．strong adj. 强壮的→strength n. 力量；体力→strengthen v．增强
8．fail v．失败→failure n. 失败；失败的人(或事物)
四、重点词块明搭配
1．lose heart 丧失信心；泄气
2．give up 放弃；投降
3．make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚
4．set an example 树立榜样
5．pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
6．work out 锻炼；计算出；解决
7．make it 获得成功；准时到达
8．make a difference 有作用或影响
9．rather than 而不是
10．cut…out 停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
五、教材佳句会运用
1．损失两大主力队员是个巨大的挑战，但是郎平没有气馁。(动名词短语作主语)
Losing two important players was a big challenge，but Lang Ping did not lose heart.
2．在比赛的最后几秒钟，乔丹似乎总能找到制胜的方法。(seem＋不定式)
In the final seconds of a game, Jordan always seemed to find a way to win．
3．乔丹说，他成功的秘诀在于从失败中吸取教训。(the secret to…is…)
Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures.
4．足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。(even if)
A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team．
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2021·全国乙卷)All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events (比赛项目) in world sport.
2．During the workout, Emily sweated (出汗) greatly and felt her muscles burn.
3．With years of practice, she mastered (精通) the art of painting and earned widespread recognition.
4．Sarah was awarded a gold medal (奖章) for her excellent performance in the national science competition.
5．The theater performance attracted the audience (观众), earning a standing applause at the end.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Lisa's failure (fail) in the exam taught her the importance of consistent preparation.
2．Reading extensively can strengthen (strength) one's vocabulary and understanding of complex subjects.
3．Because of his injury (injure), Mike had to give up playing basketball for a while.
4．Sarah started a fitness (fit) project to stay active and maintain her health.
5．With determination (determine) and perseverance, we can overcome the toughest challenges in life.
Ⅲ.选词填空
lose heart；make it；make sense；set an example；work out
1．John goes to the gym every morning to work out and maintain his physical fitness.
2．With hard work and dedication, you can make it through any difficult course.
3．As the eldest sister, Mary sets an example for her younger brothers and sisters by standing out in her studies.
4．Even though the project was not going as planned, the team leader encouraged everyone not to lose heart．
5．After hearing both sides of the story, it started to make sense why they had such a disagreement.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．掌握一门新语言会得到无数的机会。(动名词短语作主语)
Mastering a new language opens up countless opportunities.
2．保持身体健康的秘诀是均衡的饮食和规律的锻炼。(the secret to…is…)
The secret to maintaining a healthy body is a balanced diet and regular exercise.
3．即使你不能待很久，我们仍然非常希望你能来参加我们这个周末的聚会。(even if)
Even if you can't stay long, we would like you to come to our gathering this weekend.
课时作业4
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2025·重庆八中高三开学考)
Baseball was everything to Walker Smallwood.But when he was just 14 years old, he got heartbreaking news that he had a rare form of bone cancer growing in his left leg.His baseball playing came to a sudden stop as he spent the next three years undergoing six surgeries, 24 treatments and 18 hospital stays.
The young pitcher's leg would never be strong enough to make competitive playing an option.“At the time I guess I was just kind of in denial (否认), because my whole life, day in and day out, was built around baseball and sports，” Walker said.“It was pretty disastrous，” his mom Pam said.The most the 17 year old would be able to do is play catch with his teammates as they warmed up for their games.
As the team approached the final game of the season, Walker's parents and coach agreed that he could pitch (投球) for an inning (一局) or two for the old time's sake.
“Say you did it, have some fun, and then that'll be it.Obviously, that's not what happened，” Walker said.
What ended up happening was more than anyone ever expected.Walker not only threw solid pitches in that first inning, but he also ended up pitching a no hitter.The coach decided to keep him in the game until he started giving up pitches, but that never happened.Smallwood struck out all but two hitters for the entire game and tied a school record in the process.
“I was in tears, most of the stands were in tears—just one of those special moments that we'll cherish forever，” Mom Pam said.Smallwood may never play again.He's actually fine with that now because who needs a World Series ring when you've already taken on your greatest competitor and gone undefeated.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了17岁男孩 Walker Smallwood 因患一种罕见的癌症不得不放弃棒球运动。他重返球场参加最后一场比赛，投出了一个无安打的球，震惊所有人。
1．What does the word “It” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to？( A )
A．The serious injury to his leg.
B．The childhood baseball dream.
C．The risk of multiple surgeries.
D．The long term mental stress.
解析：词义猜测题。依据代词永远出现在原词之后可知，画线词指代的内容应该在第二段第一句“The young pitcher's leg would never be strong enough to make competitive playing an option.”；Walker一直梦想成为职业棒球手，但因癌症造成腿部伤害，无力支持高强度运动，因此妈妈想表达“这简直是灾难性的”，所以It在这里指代癌症使他的腿受伤无力这件事。故选A。
2．Which of the following best describes Walker Smallwood？( B )
A．Confident and energetic.
B．Ambitious and determined.
C．Brilliant and considerate.
D．Optimistic and independent.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“Say you did it…that's not what happened”和第五段中“Walker not only threw…but that never happened.”可知，Walker在得知有机会参加最后一场比赛后，就决心不只是去玩玩，而是认真打比赛。结果他投出了一个无安打的球，超出所有人的预期。从这里可以看出这位年轻投手有追求，有决心，也很努力；棒球是他一生的追求，说明他很有雄心壮志。故选B。
3．Why does the author mention a World Series ring in the last paragraph？( C )
A．To emphasize the value of cherishing every moment.
B．To stress the significance of any championship prize.
C．To highlight Walker's personal success at the game.
D．To serve as a reminder of challenges in Walker's life.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Smallwood may never play again…your greatest competitor and gone undefeated.”可知，作者是为了强调Walker当天在棒球场上的成就超过了任何冠军奖的意义。一枚世界大赛戒指是棒球终极成就的象征，但Walker克服癌症带来的伤痛，投出一个无安打的球，所向无敌，其他荣誉何足挂齿。故选C。
4．What can we learn from Walker's story？( D )
A．Misfortune can tell us what fortune is.
B．You can't teach an old dog new tricks.
C．Constant dropping wears away a stone.
D．What doesn't kill you makes you stronger.
解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“His baseball playing…and 18 hospital stays.”和倒数第二段中“Smallwood struck…a school record in the process.”可知，本文介绍了17岁男孩 Walker Smallwood因患一种罕见的癌症不得不放弃棒球运动。他重返球场参加最后一场比赛，投出了一个无安打的球，震惊所有人。D项“What doesn't kill you makes you stronger.”符合文章大意。故选D。
(2025·八省联考)
Want to learn a new language or get A's in college exams Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert (转换) new information into long term memory.A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning.
Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning.
Participants—72 healthy male and female adults—were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning.After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two thirds of them also exercised.Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test.The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested.
Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI (磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity.The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately.Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned.
According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying.But why That's one question the researchers have yet to answer.Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning.I've run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout.But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于运动助力学习的新研究。
5．What did the new study aim to explore？( A )
A．When exercise is best for learning.
B．What biochemicals are good for health.
C．How brainwaves should be measured.
D．Which area of the brain is the most active.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning.”可知，新研究是为了探索什么时候运动对学习最有益。故选A。
6．What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment？( D )
A．Train on bicycles.
B．Do mathematics exercises.
C．Play computer games.
D．Watch films about nature.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries”可知，在实验中所有参与者都被要求观看自然纪录片。故选D。
7．Why did the participants return to the lab two days later？( B )
A．To do a medical examination.
B．To have their memory tested.
C．To get their workouts recorded.
D．To finish their previous tasks.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test”可知，参与者两天后回到实验室是为了进行记忆测试。故选B。
8．What might the author's marathon running prove？( D )
A．The findings of the study are reliable.
B．Long distance runners are often smart.
C．Studies on the marathon are not enough.
D．Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“I've run enough marathons to prove the fact…a tough workout.”可知，作者想用自己的马拉松经历说明剧烈运动可能不会使大脑更敏锐。故选D。
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
(2024·安徽池州高三模拟)
The saying “All roads lead to Xianyang” may not be widely known, but it is the 1 (true)in history.After Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, unified the country in 221 BCE, he began building state level roads, Xianyang 2 the center.Several long roads were therefore completed, 3 (cover) a distance of about 750 kilometers, running through plains, mountains, grasslands, deserts, and finally leading to Xianyang, the capital city.
Like the Great Wall, these roads, 4 (call) Qin Zhidao, literally the Qin Direct Paths or Qin Highways, are considered another miracle in Qin Dynasty.Generally, the roads were 20 to 60 meters wide and 50 cars could run side by side at the same time on their 5 (wide) sections.The firmly made surface 6 (shape) like a turtle back above the ground to avoid standing water at that time.Another amazing fact is that grass 7 (rare) grows on the road and many parts are still in good condition even today.
The mysterious ancient roads, 8 date back over 2，200 years and predate the Roman Roads by over 200 years, are known to be 9 natural museum in the history of road construction.Historians evaluate it this way: if the Great Wall is compared to a defensive shield (盾牌), then Qin Zhidao is the weapon 10 (guard) the stability and prosperity (繁荣) of the Qin Empire.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了秦朝的另一个奇迹：秦直道。
1．truth
解析：考查名词。句意：“条条大路通咸阳”这句话可能并不广为人知，但这是历史上的真理。前面有定冠词the，所以用名词truth作表语，为不可数名词，故填truth。
2．as
解析：考查介词。句意：公元前221年，中国第一位皇帝秦始皇统一全国后，他开始修建以咸阳为中心的国家级道路。根据句意可知，此处表示“作为”，后跟名词，所以用介词as，故填as。
3．covering
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，几条长路建成，全长约750公里，穿过平原、山脉、草原、沙漠，最终通往都城咸阳。句中已有谓语动词，空处应为非谓语动词；主语Several long roads与cover之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故填covering。
4．called
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：和长城一样，这些被称为“秦直道”的道路被认为是秦朝的另一个奇迹。call与其逻辑主语these roads之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填called。
5．widest
解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：一般来说，道路宽度为20 ～ 60米，最宽的路段可以让50辆汽车并排行驶。根据句意可知此处表示“最宽的”，所以用形容词最高级作定语，故填widest。
6．was shaped
解析：考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：那时，坚固的表面被塑造成乌龟背的形状，高出地面，以避免积水。根据时间状语at that time可知描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时；shape和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；主语为不可数名词surface，所以be动词用was，故填was shaped。
7．rarely
解析：考查副词。句意：另一个令人惊奇的事实是，道路上很少长草，许多地方直到今天仍然状况良好。修饰动词，所以用副词，故填rarely。
8．which
解析：考查定语从句。句意：这条神秘的古路的历史可以追溯到2 200多年前，比罗马道路早200多年，是道路建设史上的一座天然博物馆。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The mysterious ancient roads，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用which引导，故填which。
9．a
解析：考查冠词。句意同上。此处泛指“一个”，所以用不定冠词，natural的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
10．guarding/to guard
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：历史学家是这样评价它的：如果把长城比作防御的盾牌，那么秦直道就是保卫秦朝稳定繁荣的武器。guard与其逻辑主语weapon之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语；也可以看作是weapon后跟动词不定式作后置定语，故填guarding或to guard。
必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
affect；destroy；effort；shelter；shock；effect
Natural disasters, like drought, flood, typhoons, and earthquakes, are becoming more frequent nowadays. All have bad 1.effects on humans' life, making us suffer from terrible injuries and serious damage. The Tangshan earthquake in 1976 2.shocked the world then—about 90 percent of the homes in the city were 3.destroyed, and electricity was hard to get because power was cut off. A large city lay in ruins. Millions of people were 4.affected and had to face death. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end. Thankfully, 150，000 soldiers were sent to start rescue work. They dug out those who were trapped, buried the dead and built 5.shelters for those who survived the disaster. The tireless 6.efforts paid off. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
提示：加底纹词汇为本单元复现词汇
1 damage vt. 损害；破坏n. 损坏；损失
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①I have a very strong fear that the lie we're telling is doing spiritual damage to our children.
②The palace, badly damaged (damage) by bombs in World War Ⅱ， still stood.
[能力提升]——一句多译
③在地震中，大部分的电力线路被严重损毁，无法进行修复。
→Most of the power lines were so badly damaged in the earthquake that they could not be repaired.
→So badly were most of the power lines damaged in the earthquake that they could not be repaired.(用倒装句改写)
(1)do/cause (great) damage to...
对……造成(很大的)损害
(2)be badly/seriously damaged 严重受损
be slightly damaged 轻微受损
(3)damage sb.'s career/reputation/health
损害某人的事业/名誉/健康
[语料积累] ①damage a lot of reputations
名誉扫地
②Fires followed the earthquake for three days, causing more damage than the earthquake itself.(情景描写)
地震发生后，大火持续了三天，造成的破坏比地震还要严重。
2 affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动(→affection n．喜爱)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Many young people were affected (affect) by his story. They began to do volunteer work for the disabled.
②Affected with a high fever, he continued with his work.
[能力提升]——句型转换
③Affected by his story, many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled.(把①改为非谓语动词短语作状语)
be affected by 受……的影响；被……感动
be affected with 感染……疾病
[语料积累] ①affect the effectiveness of practicing oral skills(建议信)
影响口语练习的效果
②(2023·全国甲卷)In summary，the great figure affects me greatly.(短文投稿)
总的来说，这位伟人对我有巨大的影响。
3 shelter n. 避难所；居所；庇护vi. 躲避(风雨或危险) vt. 保护；掩蔽
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①These plants must be sheltered from direct sunlight, or they will die.
[能力提升]——微写作/句型转换
②为了躲避寒冷的天气，这些将在这里度过整个冬天的鸟一直在雪地里挖洞。
To shelter from the cold weather, these birds that will spend the whole winter here have been digging holes in the snow.(动作描写)
③Children who are sheltered by his or her parents are likely to be spoiled.
→Children under the shelter of his or her parents are likely to be spoiled.(用shelter n．改写)
(1)a shelter from... 躲避……的地方
give sb.shelter for the night
给某人提供过夜之处
under one's shelter (＝under the shelter of)
受到……的保护；在……的庇护下
(2)shelter from the rain/wind/sunlight
避雨/风/阳光
shelter sb./sth.from sb./sth.
保护……免受……(的伤害)
[语料积累] During our hiking trip, we found a cave that served as a shelter from the downpour.(情景描写)
在徒步旅行时，我们找到了一个洞穴，作为躲避暴雨的地方。
4 ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The ancient palace was once a symbol of power, now lying in ruins (ruin) after centuries.
②Historical sites can fall into ruin if they are not preserved and protected properly.
③He had so much potential, but he ruined himself (he) by making poor choices.
[能力提升]——微写作
④在遭受大地震并沦为废墟后不久，这座城市的面貌焕然一新。
Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.(情景描写)
(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
fall into ruin 成为废墟
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame/future
毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
[语料积累] ①the ruin of confidence(心理描写)
信心的丧失
②ruin a good opportunity
破坏一个好机会
③After the terrible tornado, most of the town lay in ruins．(情景描写)
经过那场可怕的龙卷风后，这个小镇的大部分地方成了废墟。
5 shock n．休克；震惊；令人震惊的事 vt.(使)震惊(→shocked adj.感到震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①I was shocked to hear (hear) that the old castle had been destroyed.
②Shocked at the unexpected guest and gift, I was at a loss what to say.
[能力提升]——微写作
③我震惊地望着他，等待他告诉我这一切都是我的误解。
I looked at him in shock, waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.(神情描写)
(1)in shock 吃惊，震惊
a great shock to sb. 对某人来说是件震惊的事情
(2)be shocked at sth./that... 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth. 因做某事而感到震惊
[语料积累] ①the shocking news that her hometown was destroyed by the hurricane(事件介绍)
她的家乡被飓风摧毁的那条令人震惊的消息
②The news was a great shock to the poor girl and she started to cry.(情感描写)
这个消息让这个可怜的女孩震惊了，她开始哭了起来。
6 bury vt.埋葬；安葬；专心于；使陷入
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①I am buried (bury) in reading the English newspaper every day and I have gained abundant knowledge.
②Ever since graduation，she has buried herself (she) in relic protection and restoration work.
[能力提升]——句型转换
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David still refused to look at me and his head was buried in his arms.
→David still refused to look at me，burying his head in his arms．(分词短语作状语)
→David still refused to look at me，with his head buried in his arms．(with复合结构)
埋头于；专心于
bury one's face in one's hands双手掩面
[语料积累] ①bury oneself in books(动作描写)
埋头于书本
②bury one's worries(心理描写)
忘记烦恼
③bury the past(心理描写)
忘记过去
④Jennifer sat on the floor，burying her face in her hands, and her body trembled as she softly began to cry.(动作、情绪描写)
詹妮弗坐在地板上，双手捂着脸，身体颤抖着，轻声地开始哭泣。
7 suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(→suffering n．受苦，遭难；苦楚，苦难→sufferer n．受难者；患者)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Whenever the scores were announced, Susan felt like a sufferer (suffer), her heart racing with anxiety.
[能力提升]——微写作
②(2022·浙江1月卷)得知我的搭档得了重病，我非常焦虑，所以我冲向了医院。
Knowing that my partner was suffering from a serious illness, I was burning with anxiety, so I rushed towards the hospital.(动作描写)
(1)suffer from 患……病；受……苦
(2)suffer作及物动词时，意思同experience(体验；经历)，其后可跟pain，defeat，hardship等词作宾语。
[语料积累] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)My teacher exclaimed，“It is the sufferings that make you more strong willed.”(语言描写)
我的老师感叹道：“正是这些痛苦使你的意志更加坚强。”
8 supply n. 供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt. 供应；供给
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①I'd like to know the reason why the milk is in short supply in this area now.
②I don't know whether they are supplied (supply) with enough food in the area.
③The school library aims to supply books and resources to students to improve their learning experience.
[能力提升]——句型转换
④I don't know whether they have a good supply of food in the area．(用supply的名词短语改写②)
(1)in short supply 短缺
have a good supply of... 备有许多……
(2)为某人提供某物
[语料积累] ①a supply of food for the trip(活动介绍)
为旅行准备的食物补给
②supply the classroom with new computers(事件介绍)
为教室增添新电脑
③Our team will be responsible for distributing relief supplies．(报道)
我们的团队将负责分发救济物资。
9 survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸免；幸存；艰难度过；生还；比……活得长(→survivor n．幸存者→survival n．幸存；生还)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Jack is one of those survivors who survived the flood. He told us his survival was owing to the help from a stranger.(survive)
②Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness，she still survived her husband by 5 years.
[能力提升]——微写作
③生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。
Life isn't about how to survive the storm；it's about learning to dance in the rain.(主旨升华)
survive on 靠……存活下来
survive sth. 幸免于；从……中活下来
A survive B (by＋时间) A比B活得长(……)
[语料积累] ①survive on their own
他们独立生存
②(2023·浙江1月卷)Leaving the house, I couldn't help wondering how it was getting on now. Had it managed to find its way back home, or was it still out there somewhere struggling to survive？(心理描写)
离开这座房子，我不禁想它现在怎么样了。它是已经设法找到了回家的路，还是仍在某处艰难地生存？
10 strike vt.& vi.(struck，struck/stricken)击打；突击；(时钟等)敲响；擦(火柴)；撞击；侵袭；给(某人以……)印象；突然想起 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Struck by the beauty of the West Lake, we stopped to admire it.
②Terror and death struck (strike)，and her heart was beating painfully fast，banging against her ribs.
[能力提升]——微写作/一句多译
③我突然意识到，萨拉的善良真的很特别，她总是带着微笑花时间帮助别人。
It struck me that Sarah's kindness was something special and that she always took time to help others with a smile.(心理描写)
④我突然想到了一个好主意。
→A good idea struck me．
→I struck on a good idea．(心理描写)
be struck by 被……打动/迷住了
strike...into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心
It strikes/struck sb.that...
某人觉得……；某人突然想起……
sth.strike sb. 某人突然想起……
sb.strike on sth. 某人突然想起……
[语料积累] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)What struck me most was how different it felt to draw outside rather than in a classroom. The sounds of birds singing and the breeze rustling through the leaves added a new dimension to my artwork.(活动介绍)
最让我印象深刻的是，在户外画画和在教室里画画的感觉完全不同。鸟儿的歌声和微风吹过树叶的沙沙声给我的作品增添了新的维度。
11 effect n. 影响；结果；效果(→effective adj.有效的；有影响的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①To find more effective (effect) ways to protect the environment and help all of us avoid waste, we called on the government to put the law into effect.
②(外研版选必四U3)His writing had a profound effect on/upon me, and I have this to thank for my passion for Chinese literature.
[能力提升]——微写作
③李白一生创作了大量优秀的诗歌，对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。
During his lifetime, Li Bai wrote a great number of excellent poems，which have a great effect on Chinese culture．(人物介绍)
take/come into effect 生效；见效
have an effect on/upon... 对……产生影响
put/bring...into effect 实施；使……生效
in effect/in fact/as a matter of fact 实际上，事实上
[语料积累] ①She smiled calmly when she learnt that effective measures had been taken to create more opportunities for students to participate in after school activities.(动作描写)
当她得知已经采取有效措施为学生创造更多课外活动机会时，她平静地笑了。
②The school's curriculum will come into effect in the upcoming year, offering more courses to students.
这所学校的课程将于明年生效，为学生提供更多的课程。
12 句型公式：as if... 似乎/好像……
(教材原句)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
仿佛世界末日即将来临！[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①When a pencil is partly put into a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken (break)．
②It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done (do) it
③He talks as if he were (be) a gardening expert. In fact, he knows nothing about plants.
[能力提升]——微写作
④(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)得知自己在写作比赛中获得了第一名，我觉得自己好像站在世界之巅。
Knowing I got the first place in the writing contest，I felt as if (I were) on the top of the world．(心理描写；比喻修辞手法)
(1)as if/though放在look，seem等系动词之后引导表语从句；as if/though可以引导状语从句，表方式。
(2)as if/though语气及时态为：
陈述语气(真实或极有可能发生的情况)
虚拟语气(不真实或不可能发生的情况)
[语料积累] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)On the other end of the phone, he hesitated for a moment as if he had forgotten about it.(情景描写)
在电话那头，他犹豫了一会儿，似乎忘记了这件事。
13 句型公式：be doing...when... 正在做……这时……
(教材原句)I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①With the jar in my hands，I was walking (walk) upstairs in a hurry when one of my feet was caught on one stair.
[能力提升]——微写作
②我们刚从着火的房子里逃出来，房子就倒向地面，我们吓得魂不附体。
We had just escaped from the burning house when it fell to the ground and we were frightened out of our wits.(场景描写)
③她决定第二天早上出发，正要回家，这时一声清脆的鸟鸣飘了过来。
Determined to start out the next morning，she was about to head home when a ringing birdsong floated down to her.(心理、环境描写)
句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。when表示“这时突然”之意，还常用于以下句型：
(1)be about to do...when... 正要做……突然……
(2)had (just) done...when...
刚做完……这时突然……
[语料积累] ①I was surfing our school's website when I noticed the English newspaper Youth.(事物介绍)
当我在浏览我们学校的网站时，我注意到了英文报纸Youth。
②Mother had just woken up when she was greeted by the delicious smell of food, creating a welcoming atmosphere in the home.(情景描写)
母亲刚醒就闻到了食物诱人的香味，这种香味营造出一种温馨的家庭氛围。
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．After a few deep breaths, she managed to calm down and think clearly about the problem.
2．They decided to have their picnic in the open air, enjoying the fresh breeze and sunshine.
3．The emergency medical team was on hand, ready to provide assistance if needed.
4．He lifted the heavy box without effort, surprising everyone in the room.
1．in the open air 露天；在户外
2．on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
3．without effort 毫不费力地
4．calm down 平静下来
5．aid sb.with sth. 帮助某人做某事
6．too...to... 太……而不能……
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——名词后缀 th
名词后缀 th表示性质、状态、过程。例如本单元中的单词：length (n. 长；长度) 是由形容词long (长的)将o变e＋后缀 th转化而来。名词后缀 th的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．The growth of the plant was remarkable; it doubled in size within just two weeks of receiving proper sunlight and water. n. 生长
2．The warmth of the fire in the cabin made the cold winter night feel much more comfortable. n. 温暖
3．The depth of the ocean in this area is so great that it is home to many species we still know little about. n. 深度
4．The width of the river made it difficult to cross without a boat, especially after the heavy rains. n. 宽度
5．His strength allowed him to carry the heavy boxes up the stairs with ease, impressing everyone. n. 力量；体力
板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．affect
A.v.影响 B．v.感动 C．v.疾病侵袭；使感染
(1)Deeply affected by the film，we couldn't hold back tears.B
(2)(2021·全国乙卷)Indeed，the researchers found that face to face interactions and conversations affect the creative process.A
(3)(2020·浙江7月卷)Learning that you are affected with a serious disease and have to return to Ireland，I am terribly sorry about it.C
2．power
A.n.权力 B．n.力量 C．n.有影响力的大国 D．n.电力 E．v.推动，驱动 F．n.统治；政权
(1)It was in the year 1843 that he came to power with his wife's assistance.F
(2)The electric car，powered by the latest battery，can drive 600 miles on a single charge.E
(3)(2021·天津3月卷)The patient is left with the power to choose what he wants to talk about.A
(4)(2020·浙江7月卷)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change lives.B
(5)(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Since lighting is often far removed from the power source...a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输)．D
(6)(2022·浙江1月卷)The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology，and the lifeblood of that technology has long been electricity.C
3．crash
A.v.死机，崩溃 B．v.破产，失败 C．v.坠毁 D．v.碰撞
(1)His company crashed last year because it was poorly run.B
(2)My computer crashed, and we couldn't get it working again.A
(3)The plane crashed, killing all its passengers and crew.C
(4)Don't brake suddenly, for the car behind might crash into you.D
4．deliver
A.v.递送 B．v.接生 C．v.发表(演说等)
(1)The princess had been delivered of a healthy baby boy，which made the handsome prince wild with excitement.B
(2)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The son of a grocer，he'd spent the summers of his childhood delivering food in Bernardsville，New Jersey.A
(3)(2021·天津6月卷)Good evening，everybody.Professor King will be delivering his lecture in a moment，but let me introduce him first. C
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．(2022·全国乙卷)The sweep of the land and the stoicism(坚忍)of the people move her to some beautiful writing.n. 连绵弯曲的地带
[点拨]sweep (熟义) vt. & vi. 打扫；清扫。此处用作名词，意为“连绵弯曲的地带”。
2．(2021·全国甲卷)I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb...n. 小丘；小山
[点拨]rise (熟义) n. 增加，提高；加薪。此处意为“小丘；小山”。
3．(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)The likables' plays well with others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.vt. 利用，发掘
[点拨]tap (熟义) vi. & vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n. 水龙头；轻叩；轻敲。此处意为“利用，发掘”。
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配/
单元语法(限制性定语从句)
1．Lucy was shocked to discover (discover) she had won the school's art competition, her eyes wide with disbelief.
2．Jack buried himself (he) in his science project, forgetting about dinner and ignoring the passing hours.
3．The whole team was affected (affect) with enthusiasm after the coach's inspiring speech.
4．The houses in the small village, destroyed (destroy)in the massive earthquake last year, have been rebuilt.
5．During the long hiking trip, they survived on a supply of chocolate bars and water.
6．He made a great effort to save the girl who had been trapped (trap) in the flood for three hours.
7．“It's not the years in your life that count, but the wisdom (wise) you gain from those years，” he remarked.
8．The meeting came to an end and he set down many key points.
9．Knowing that you will adjust the broadcast time slot, length (long) and column, I am writing to give my suggestions.
10．We went to a museum which/that was full of interesting historical artifacts, and we learned a lot about ancient cultures.
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．天空变暗了，好像暴风雨即将来临。
The sky grew dark, as if a storm was about to come．(天气描写)
2．无论他往哪里看，都有人在为获胜的队伍欢呼。
Everywhere he looked, there were people cheering for the winning team．(场面描写)
3．我们正在踢足球，这时突然下起了大雨。
We were playing football when it started raining heavily．(天气描写)
4．我突然意识到我忘记带笔记本去上课了。
It struck me that I had forgotten to bring my notebook to class．(动作描写)
5．I was so tired that I couldn't finish my homework last night.(动作描写)
→I was too tired to finish my homework last night．(改为简单句)
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
地震发生后，许多互联网科技企业、各大旅游网站和汽车公司等纷纷在第一时间加入抢险救灾的行列中。请你以灾区学生李华的名义给这些企业写一封感谢信，内容包括： 1．地震造成的灾害； 2．表达你的感激之情。
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm Li Hua, a student from the earthquake stricken area. I'm writing to 1.convey my gratitude for your timely rescue (表达对你们及时的援助的感谢), without which, my life couldn't return to normal.
2．An extremely terrible earthquake struck my hometown (一场极其可怕的地震袭击了我的家乡；无灵主语句), which left many houses in ruins and entirely destroyed my home. 3.Surprised to find everything buried under the house (惊讶地发现所有的东西都埋在了房屋下面；形容词短语作状语), I burst into tears/burst out crying. To me, it seemed as if the world were coming to an end. Thankfully, you 4.made all your efforts to help me have a shelter to live in (竭尽全力帮助我有了住所；make efforts to do), enough food and water to survive on. Without you, I couldn't imagine my situation now. I can't express my gratitude too much.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
维度二 读后续写微技能5——情感细节描写：宽慰与温暖
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
1．relieved adj.宽慰的 2．relieve vt. 使减轻；使解除(痛苦、忧愁等) 3．relief n. (痛苦等的)减轻；宽慰 4．warm adj. 温暖的续表 5．warmly adv. 温暖地 6．warmth n. 温暖 7．fade v. 消失 8．a mixture of...and... 既……又…… 9．smile and hug 微笑和拥抱 10．fill one's heart with warmth and peace 内心充满了温暖与平静 11．one's gentle voice and kind eyes 某人温柔的声音和善良的眼神 12．wrap one's arm around... 用胳膊搂着…… 13．one's comforting words 某人安慰的话语 14．make sb. feel better 让某人感觉好多了 15．breathe a sigh of relief/gasp with relief 松了口气 16．to one's relief 使某人宽慰的是
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．使我感到宽慰的是，我终于按时完成了任务。
What made me relieved was that I finally finished the task on time.(主语从句)
2．在学校经历了漫长而紧张的一天后，她温暖的微笑和拥抱安慰了我。
Her warm smile and hug comforted me after a long, stressful day at school.
3．知道我的家人无论发生什么都会支持我，这让我内心充满了温暖与平静。
Knowing that my family supports me no matter what happens fills my heart with warmth and peace．
4．当我听到这句话时，我的内心深处既温暖又欣慰。
When I heard this，a mixture of warmth and relief welled up in my deep heart．
5．她温柔的声音和善良的眼神缓解了我的担忧，让一切又恢复了平静。
Her gentle voice and kind eyes soothed my worries and made everything seem okay again．
任务2 语段表达
Last week, I had a bad day at school. I felt frustrated and disappointed because I didn't do well on my science project. When I got home, my mom noticed I was upset. She sat down next to me, 1.wrapped her arm around my shoulders (搂着我的肩膀), and listened as I shared my worries. 2.Her comforting words (她安慰的话语) and warm hug 3.made me feel better (让我感觉好多了). She reminded me that it's okay to make mistakes and that I can always try again. Knowing that she was there for me filled me with warmth and reassurance. By the end of our conversation, 4.my sadness faded(我的悲伤消失了), and I felt much more confident．
————基础默测—————
默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．metal n. 金属
2．revive vt. & vi. 复活；(使)苏醒
3．unify vi. & vt. 统一；(使)成一体
4．typhoon n. 台风
5．tornado n. (pl. oes or os) 龙卷风；旋风
6．drought n. 旱灾；久旱
7．crack n. 裂纹；裂缝 vi. & vt. (使)破裂
8．brick n. 砖；砖块
9．hurricane n. (尤指西大西洋的)飓风
10．whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨
n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声
二、核心单词写得准
1．effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
2．supply n. 供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt. 供应；供给
3．ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏
4．trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱
5．bury vt. 埋葬；安葬
6．rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援
7．destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭
8．sweep vt. & vi. (swept，swept) 打扫；清扫
9．wave n. 海浪；波浪 vi. & vt. 挥手；招手
10．strike vi. & vt. (struck，struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
三、拓展单词通变化
1．die v．死亡→death n. 死；死亡→dead adj. 死的→deadly adj. 致命的
2．affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→effect n. 效果；结果；影响→effective adj. 有效的
3．shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→shocked adj. 感到震惊的
4．breath n. 呼吸→breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸→breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的
5．wise adj. 明智的→wisdom n. 智慧；才智→unwise adj. 不明智的
6．suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n. 受难；苦楚→sufferer n. 受苦者；受难者
7．survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过→survival n. 幸存；生还→survivor n. 幸存者；生还者
8．deliver vt. & vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表→delivery n. 投递；送交
9．summary n. 总结；概括；概要→summariz(s)e vt. & vi. 总结；概括
10．long adj. 长的→length n. 长；长度→lengthen v. (使)变长
四、重点词块明搭配
1．in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪(共102张PPT)
简洁
实用
高效
UNIT 3 SPORTS AND FITNESS
RJ英语
必修第一册
内容索引
词汇复现 语境串记
高效课堂 考点突破
多维演练 素养提升
第一部分
第二部分
第三部分
重难考点
拾遗考点
A
B
课时作业4
第五部分
基础默测
第四部分
默写达标
基础检测
A
B
词汇复现 语境串记
第
分
部
一
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
Competitive Sports and Mass Sports
Nowadays，sports can be roughly divided into two categories—competitive sports and mass sports. The former means that athletes must 1.compete against each other for medals in championships or events in the Olympics to win honour and glory for their country, which needs not only skills and strength but also great 2.determination. However，success often comes along with error，stress，failure and 3.pared with competitive sports，mass sports focus on fitness rather than competition.Millions of people go 4.jogging or do push ups to keep healthy or become 5.slimmer instead of going on a diet by cutting out fat. However，with no audience to shout encouragement，they may give up．
determination；injury；jog；positive；pretend；slim；compete
compete
determination
injuries
jogging
slimmer
They cheat themselves into taking exercise the next day or 6.pretend to have done it otherwise，which doesn't make sense. However，even if you take exercise now and then，it will make a difference and have 7.positive effects，won't it So why not move in and join in the mass sports
pretend
positive
高效课堂 考点突破
第
分
部
二
1 honour n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸 v．尊敬；给予表扬；信守(承诺)
(→honourable adj.值得尊重的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Michael Jordan，a master in basketball，never lost heart even if he was faced with failure，for which he was greatly honoured (honour)．
重难考点
honoured
[能力提升]——一句多译
②我非常荣幸地发表演讲，与大家分享我对京剧的看法。
→It is a great honour for me to deliver a speech to share with you my opinions on Peking Opera.
→I feel it a great honour to deliver a speech to share with you my opinions on Peking Opera.
→I feel/am greatly honoured to deliver a speech to share with you my opinions on Peking Opera.(演讲稿)
It is a great honour for me to deliver a speech
I feel it a great honour to deliver a speech
I feel/am greatly honoured to deliver a speech
(1)It's an honour for sb.to do sth.
对某人来说做某事很荣幸。
feel it an honour to do sth. 做某事感到荣幸
in honour of... 向……表示敬意；为纪念……
(2)be/feel honoured to do sth. 做某事感到荣幸
[语料积累] ①It's my honour to be here to present my speech.(演讲稿)
很荣幸能在这里发表我的演讲。
②With the Dragon Boat Festival approaching, we are planning to hold a dragon boat race in honour of the famous poet, Qu Yuan.(告知信)
随着端午节的临近，我们计划举行一场龙舟比赛，以纪念著名诗人屈原。
2 determination n．决心；决定(→determine v．测定；决定；确定
→determined adj.坚决的；有决心的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①It was at that time that I determined to go (go) on working on the farm so that I could help support my family.
②He determined on/upon facing the failure bravely rather than escaping from reality.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2023·北京卷)我决定要策划一场以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐部活动，因此写信向你请教一些宝贵的建议。
Determined to plan a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”，I am writing to ask you for some precious advice.(求助信)
to go
on/upon
Determined to plan a club activity
(1)determine to do... 决定做……(表示动作)
determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事
(2)be determined to do... 决心做……(表示状态)
[语料积累] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Leaving his office that day, I felt a sense of purpose and determination. I knew that this was just the beginning. I was inspired to keep writing and exploring my creativity.(主旨升华)
那天离开他的办公室，我感觉到一种目标感和决心。我知道这只是个开始。我深受鼓舞，要继续写作和探索自己的创造力。
3 injury n．伤害；损伤(→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的→injure vt.使受伤；
损害)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Once there, Lenoue was assessed and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries (injury) in one of her knees.
②A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured (injure) and this meant not running for two weeks.
[能力提升]——微写作
③莉莉没有看就挥舞她的背包，伤害了她的同学。
Lily did her classmate an injury/did an injury to her classmate when she swung her backpack without looking.(动作描写)
injuries
was injured
did her classmate an injury/did an injury to her classmate
(1)do sb.an injury(＝do an injury to sb.)伤害某人
(2)the injured受伤的人；伤员
(3)get/be injured受伤
[语料积累] ①sports injury(事件介绍)
运动伤害
②the injured athlete(人物描写)
受伤的运动员
③The rescue team dashed to the spot，offered first aid to the injured and then rushed them to the nearest hospital.(动作链)
营救队冲到现场，给伤者实施急救，然后急忙把他们送往最近的医院。
4 strength n. 力量；体力；长处，优势；毅力(→strengthen v．加强)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The team was at full strength last night, resulting in a dominant victory over their competitors.
②If you deal with your studies with all your strength, you'll overcome the challenges and achieve your goals.
③After a long day at work, I barely had the strength to cook (cook) dinner for the family.
④By participating in such a rewarding activity, we strengthened (strength) our awareness of labor.
at
with
to cook
strengthened
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤小组学习的优点是我们可以互相帮助理解难点，这使得学习更有效且更有趣。
The strength of group study is that we can help each other understand difficulties, making learning more effective and enjoyable.(建议信)
The strength of group study is that
build up one's strength 强身健体
at full strength 处于最佳状态
with all one's strength 用尽全力
have the strength to do sth.
有力量/意志做某事strengths and weaknesses 优势和劣势
The strength of...is that... ……的优点是……
[语料积累] ①their unique strengths and weaknesses(观点表达)
他们独特的优势和劣势
②Eating a balanced diet and regular exercise are crucial for building up your strength and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.(建议信)
均衡饮食和定期锻炼对强身健体和维持健康的生活方式至关重要。
5 compete vi.竞争；对抗(→competitive adj.竞争的，竞争性强的；有竞争力的→
competitor n．竞争者，竞争对手；参赛者→competition n．竞争；竞赛，比赛)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①We are in competition with four other companies for the contract.
[能力提升]——微写作
②我建议我们组建一个团队，在即将到来的赛事中争夺冠军。
I suggest we form a team to compete for the championship in the upcoming event.(建议信)
③在全国辩论比赛中竞争时，她感到既紧张又兴奋。
Competing in the national debate competition, she felt a mix of nerves and excitement.(心理描写)
with
to compete for the championship
Competing in the national debate competition,
(1)compete with/against sb. 和某人竞争
compete for sth. 为……而竞争
compete in sth. 在……中竞争
(2)in competition with 与……竞争
[语料积累] ①a competitive race(活动介绍)
竞争激烈的比赛
②an essay competition(通知)
征文比赛
③(2021·浙江1月卷)In the pumpkin field, I compete with my three brothers and sister to seek out the biggest pumpkin.(场景描写)
在南瓜地里，我和我的三个哥哥和姐姐比赛，寻找最大的南瓜。
6 pretend vt.& vi.假装；假扮
[基础检测]——对比填空(to read/to be reading)
①The naughty boy pretended to be reading when the headmaster came into the classroom.
②The naughty boy pretended to read every morning, but actually he did nothing.
[能力提升]——微写作/一句多译
③当我在学习中遇到难题时，我会向同学或老师求助，而不是不懂装懂。
When I am faced with difficulties in learning, I won't pretend to have known them, but turn to my classmates or teachers.(演讲稿)
④汤姆假装自己是一位老师，模仿着老师的语气。
→Tom pretended to be a teacher, imitating the teacher's tone.(pretend to be)
→Tom pretended that he was a teacher, imitating the teacher's tone.(pretend that...)(情景描写)
to be reading
to read
I won't pretend to have known them,
pretended to be a teacher,
pretended that he was a teacher,
pretend to be… 假装是……
pretend to do… 假装做……
pretend to be doing… 假装正在做……
pretend to have done… 假装已经做过……
pretend that... 假装……
[语料积累] ①pretend not to know(动作描写)
假装不知道
②pretend to listen(动作描写)
假装在听
③pretend to be asleep(动作描写)
假装睡着了
④pretend to study(动作描写)
假装在学习
⑤(2024·浙江1月卷)She decided that she would memorize where her classes were and then pretend that the rest of the place didn't exist.(心理描写)
她决定记住自己上课的地方，然后假装其他地方都不存在。
7 stress n. 压力；紧张；重音vt. 强调；重读；使焦虑不安vi. 焦虑不安
(→stressful adj.压力大,的；令人紧张的→stressed adj.有压力的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The health program puts stress on regular exercise, offering a variety of free fitness classes to encourage residents to stay active and healthy.
②The teacher would always stress the importance of reading daily to her students.
③“I find moving houses to be one of the most stressful (stress) experiences，” sighed Grace.
[能力提升]——微写作
④处于压力之下，她一改通常开朗的性格，变得沉默了。
Her usual cheerful character changed, and she became quiet when under stress．(人物描写)
on
of
stressful
under stress
(1)under stress 在压力下
lay/place/put stress on... 强调……
(2)stress the importance of... 强调……的重要性
(3)feel/be stressed out 感到焦虑的
[语料积累] ①stress the importance of balancing schoolwork and rest(建议信)
强调平衡学业和休息的重要性
②With dark circles under her eyes, it was evident that Lisa was stressed out from her demanding job.(外貌描写)
丽莎的黑眼圈显然表明她因为要求苛刻的工作而感到焦虑。
8 set an example (for/to)(为……)树立榜样
[基础检测]——用set的相关短语填空
①The police haven't found out who set fire to the storehouse.
②When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America，the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.
[能力提升]——微写作
③在比赛时，即使遇到困难他也不灰心丧气，这为其他运动员树立了一个好榜样。
He never loses heart in the competition even when in difficulties, which sets a good example to/for other athletes.(人物介绍)
set fire to
set foot upon
sets a good
example to/for
(1)for example 举个例子
follow one's example 效仿某人
take...for example 以……为例
(2)set fire to 纵火焚烧；使……燃烧
set foot in/on/upon 进入；踏上
[语料积累] Many people face challenges in their daily lives.Take my neighbor for example. She works two jobs to support her family.(人物描写)
很多人在日常生活中面临挑战。以我的邻居为例，她做两份工作养家糊口。
9 fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃
[基础检测]——用apart的相关短语填空
①He took apart a computer yesterday but didn't know how to put it together again.
②The two boys are twins and so much alike that only their mother can tell them apart．
③It's a great job, apart from the early start in the mornings.
[能力提升]——微写作
④听到那个悲伤的消息后，他觉得自己崩溃了。
After hearing the sad news, he felt like he was falling apart．(情感描写)
took apart
tell
apart
apart from
he was falling apart
take apart拆开
tell...apart识别……；辨认……
apart from除……以外
[语料积累] ①apart from school activities(活动介绍)
除了学校活动以外
②In botany class, we learned how to tell apart various species of plants by their leaves.(活动介绍)
在植物学课上，我们学习了如何通过植物的叶子来辨认不同的物种。
10 give up放弃；投降
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Near the final lap in the relay race, Jane felt her energy give out, but she refused to give in to fatigue(疲劳) and continued to pass the baton to the next teammate.
②Mark noticed Emma struggling to carry her lunch tray. He quickly went over to give her a hand, making sure she didn't spill anything.
[能力提升]——微写作
③随着秋天的到来，夏日的炎热逐渐被凉爽的空气和清新的微风所取代。
With the arrival of the autumn, the summer heat gradually gives way to cool air and fresh breezes.(环境描写)
out,
in
a
gives way to
give in (to)(向……)屈服，投降
give out分发；用光；耗尽
give away赠送；泄露
give off散发(光和热等)
give way to给……让路
give sb.a hand帮某人一个忙
[语料积累] Although the weather condition was poor and the wind was still fierce, they didn't give up hope of finding him.(环境、心理描写)
尽管天气恶劣，风依然猛烈，但他们并没有放弃找到他的希望。
11 make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚
[基础检测]——用sense的相关短语填空
①When she explained why she was late, her reasons did make sense.
②Though the old tradition doesn't make sense to the younger generation, it's cherished by the elders.
③Students often struggle to make sense of complicated mathematical problems without guidance.
④Fierce as the competition is, we can in no sense give up halfway.
make sense
make sense to
make sense of
in no sense
[能力提升]——一句多译
⑤买那件昂贵的大衣是没有意义的，因为这些便宜的也一样好。
→It doesn't make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.(it作形式主语)
→There is no sense (in) buying that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.(there be)
It doesn't make sense to buy
There is no sense (in) buying
(1)make sense to sb. 对某人有意义
make sense of 理解；弄明白
(2)There is no sense/point (in) doing sth.
做某事没有道理/意义
It doesn't make sense to do sth.
做某事没有道理/意义
(3)a sense of achievement/humour/direction
成就感/幽默感/方向感
(4)in no sense 绝不
[语料积累] My friend Jack always makes me laugh. His sense of humor is so strong that even during stressful exams, he can lighten the mood.(人物描写)
我的朋友杰克总是让我笑。他的幽默感非常强，即使在紧张的考试期间，他也能缓解气氛。
[名师指津] make sense的主语通常是“物”， 意为“有道理，讲得通”； make sense of的主语为“人”，意为“弄懂”。
12 cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①One morning I spotted a lost lamb when I was in the top field, near where a motorway cuts through my land.
②During the heated discussion in class, Tom couldn't help but cut in with his opinion, eager to share his thoughts on the subject.
[能力提升]——微写作
③暴风雨使村庄与外界隔绝，居民几天没有电和通讯，直到救援到达。
The storm cut off the village from the outside world, leaving the residents without power and communication for several days until help arrived.(环境描写)
through
in
The storm cut off the village from the outside world,
cut across/through穿过(某地)(尤指抄近路)
cut in插嘴
cut off中断；切掉；使隔绝
cut up切碎
cut down砍倒；削减；删节；缩小(尺寸、数量等)
cut back减少，削减，缩减
[语料积累] She carefully cut out the article from the newspaper, making sure not to tear the edges, so she could add it to her notebook.(动作描写)
她小心翼翼地从报纸上剪下那篇文章，确保不撕破边缘，这样她就可以把它加到她的笔记本里。
13 句型公式：“Sb./Sth. seems/seemed＋不定式”意为“看来……；
好像……”
(教材原句)In the final seconds of a game, Jordan always seemed to find a way to win.
在比赛的最后几秒钟，乔丹似乎总能找到制胜的方法。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①It seems difficult to learn so many new words by heart in a short time.
②The engine just won't start; something seems to have gone (go) wrong with it.
[能力提升]——微写作/句型转换
③她好像认识米莉已有好多年了似的。
It seemed as if/as though she had known Millie for years.(人物描写)
④It seemed that his mouth was full of blood and his eyes were red with anger.
→His mouth seemed to be full of blood, his eyes red with anger.(外貌描写)
It
have gone
It seemed as if/as though
seemed to be full of blood,
(1)Sb./Sth. seems/seemed＋不定式
＝It seems/seemed that... 看来……；好像……
(2)It seems＋形容词＋to do sth. 做某事看起来……
(3)It seems as if/as though... 看起来好像……
[语料积累] ①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The atmosphere was incredibly peaceful. Everyone seemed to be deeply buried in their work.(场景描写)
氛围非常宁静。每个人都似乎深深地沉浸在他们的作品中。
②My cold heart seemed to melt slowly.(情感描写)
我冰冷的心似乎慢慢融化了。
14 句型公式：even if/though 即使；虽然
(教材原句)A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.
足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空/补全句子
①Even if/though the final exam is around the corner, I'll still manage to find time to work out．
②Tired as we are, we find it meaningful to take part in the activity.
③Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world.
④Though/Although/While the weather was unfavorable (虽然天气不佳), we still managed to enjoy our hiking trip.
⑤Whether you're young or old (无论你是年轻还是年老), exercise is beneficial to your health.
if/though
as
Whatever
Though/Although/While the weather was unfavorable
Whether you're young or old
[能力提升]——句型转换
⑥Although it was raining heavily outside, they started out very early.
→Even if it was raining heavily outside, they started out very early.(用even if改写)
→Heavily as it was raining outside, they started out very early.(用as改写)
Even if it was raining heavily outside,
Heavily as it was raining outside,
引导让步状语从句的连词主要有：
(1)用although, though, even though, even if等引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”或“虽然”。
(2)用when 和while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”或“虽然”。
(3)用whether...or...引导让步状语从句，意为“不管/无论……还是……”。
(4)用whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引导让步状语从句，意为“不管/无论什么/谁/怎样/什么时候/在哪里……”。
(5)用as引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。用作此意时，要使用倒装结构，即将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。
[语料积累] There is a big stadium in our school, which offers us an opportunity to do a variety of sports even if it's rainy.(地点介绍)
我们学校有一个大体育馆，即使下雨我们也有机会做各种运动。
拾遗考点
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．Please come along with me to the new bookstore after school; there are the latest novels.
2．Despite the challenges, he made it to the top of his class through persistent efforts.
3．She almost lost heart in her math studies, but her teacher helped her regain confidence.
4．Reading aloud every day can make a difference to your language skills.
come along
made it
lost heart
make a difference to
1．make it 获得成功；准时到达
2．lose heart 丧失信心；泄气
3．make a difference to 对……有作用或影响
4．compare...with/to... 与……比较
5．come along 跟随；到达；进步；赶快
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——名词后缀 y/ ty
名词后缀 y/ ty表示性质、状态、动作或结果等。例如本单元中的单词：injure (vt. 使受伤；损害)去e ＋后缀 y转化成名词injury(伤害；损伤)。名词后缀 y/ ty的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．The pizza delivery was faster than expected, arriving hot and fresh at our doorstep in just 20 minutes. n. 递送
2．After weeks of rest and treatment, her recovery from the illness was steady and she returned to school. n. 恢复
3．Honesty is valued in our family, and we always encourage open communication about our feelings. n. 诚实
4．Modesty is considered a virtue, especially when one achieves success but remains down to earth. n. 谦虚
5．Wearing a helmet while riding a bike is crucial for safety, as it protects your head in case of an accident. n. 安全
n. 递送
n. 恢复
n. 诚实
n. 谦虚
n. 安全
多维演练 素养提升
第
分
部
三
板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．track
(1)We set off once more，over a rough mountain track．D
(2)The only evidence of pandas was their tracks in the snow.E
(3)(2022·全国乙卷)They will be moving on the track ahead of the train，and programmed to run autonomously.A
(4)(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50 kilometer race walk，which is about five miles longer than the marathon.B
(5)(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape，color and texture(质地) of grass.C
A.n.轨道；铁轨 B．n.跑道；径赛 C．v.追踪；跟踪 D．n.小路，小径 E．n.(动物或车辆留下的)足迹，踪迹
D
E
A
B
C
2．work out
(1)With great efforts the soldier worked out the problem.B
(2)The area can be easily worked out if you know the length and the width.C
(3)To win glory for our class in the sports meeting，I have been working out in the past three months.A
A.锻炼身体 B．解决 C．计算出
B
C
A
3．make it
(1)The doctors think he's going to make it. B
(2)The train leaves in five minutes—we'll never make it．A
(3)You shouldn't lose heart; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.C
(4)Let's make it at seven o'clock on Tuesday morning at my office.D
A.准时到达；赶上 B．幸免于难 C．获得成功 D．约定时间
B
A
C
D
4．master
(1)However annoyed you are，you must learn to master your emotion.B
(2)Each time its master got back home，the dog would wag its tail excitedly.E
(3)(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Wang，who is often in dangerous situations，is also a judo(柔道) master．C
(4)(2021·北京卷)You are studying in a graduate program for a master's degree.D
(5)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)That is the only French phrase I mastered，and it's a shame I don't have much use for it.A
A.v.精通；掌握 B．v.控制 C．n.能手，大师 D．n.硕士学位 E．n.主人；主宰者
B
E
C
D
A
5．stress
(1)The words with important information are normally stressed．D
(2)As a new driver，driving in such a busy street really stresses me out.E
(3)(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)What should be stressed in school education according to Schama？C
(4)(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips.B
(5)(2023·全国乙卷)But studies have shown that they can promote people's well being by improving their mood(心情)，reducing stress and helping their memory.A
A.n.紧张，精神压力 B．n.物理压力 C．v.强调 D．v.重读 E．v.使非常紧张
D
E
C
B
A
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．(2023·浙江1月卷)My goal is to help my students develop awareness of their strengths, weaknesses, and learning needs, and to enable them to learn throughout their lives.
n. 长处；优势
[点拨]strength (熟义) n. 力量；力气。此处意为“长处；优势”。
2．(2021·全国乙卷)Indeed, old age for them, and many old Americans can mean not only the possible failure of one's health, but the loss of identity and self worth.
n. 衰竭
[点拨]failure (熟义) n. 失败；失败的人(或事物)。此处意为“衰竭”。
n. 长处；优势
n. 衰竭
3．Facing a competitive opponent, he had a slim chance of winning the game.
adj. 不足的，小的
[点拨]slim (熟义) adj. 苗条的；纤细的。此处意为“不足的，小的”。
adj. 不足的，小的
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配
1．Rather than admire/admiring (admire) the beauty of movie stars，I learned to discover my unique beauty.
2．Compared (compare) with those who are always complaining, people with a positive attitude towards life live longer.
3．The competition (compete) was extremely fierce and at last we won the match narrowly by 74 vs 72.
4．Every morning, Sarah goes to the park to work out and maintain her fitness.
5．The architect got injured (injure) when hiking to the castle through a narrow path.
6．She is firmly determined to finish (finish) her project by this weekend, despite facing numerous challenges along the way.
admire/admiring
Compared
competition
out
injured
to finish
7．She pretended to be (be) joyous and engaged, skillfully masking her true feelings of loneliness and detachment.
8．The doctor strongly advised him to cut out staying up late to support his mental and physical health.
9．The trick to the success is simply to be organised, efficient, and to stay positive about it.
10．Words failed (fail) me when I stood at the top of the mountain and looked out at the breathtaking view.
to be
out
about
failed
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．友谊的优势是我们可以在困难时期互相支持。
The strength of friendship is that we can support each other through difficult times．(建议信)
2．早起让我一整天都感觉更有活力。
Getting up early helps me feel more energetic throughout the day．(人物描写)
3．杰克似乎明白了课堂上的所有内容。
Jack seems to understand everything in class．(动作描写)
4．保持健康的秘诀是定期锻炼并且保持均衡的饮食。
The secret to staying healthy is exercising regularly and eating a balanced diet．(建议信)
The strength of friendship is that we can support each other through difficult times
Getting up early helps me feel more energetic throughout the day
Jack seems to understand everything in class
The secret to staying healthy is exercising regularly and eating a balanced diet
5．即使你第一次失败了，坚持尝试直到成功是很重要的。
Even if/though you fail the first time, it's important to keep trying until you succeed．(建议信)
6．Our team felt it an honour to represent the school in the competition.(演讲稿)
→It was an honour for our team to represent the school in the competition．(使用形式主语)
→Our team was/felt honoured to represent the school in the competition．(使用过去分词)
Even if/though you fail the first time, it's important to keep trying until you succeed
It was an honour for our team to represent the school in the competition
Our team was/felt honoured to represent the school in the competition
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
假定本周是你校的体育周，请你用英语为你校广播站写一篇题为“运动改变了我”的稿件，介绍你运动观念的转变。内容包括：
1．你之前的状态；
2．你运动的经历；
3．你的改变。
Sports Have Changed Me
This week is sports week in our school. Today, 1.I feel highly honoured to be here to share with you the benefits of sports (我很荣幸能在此与大家分享体育的好处；feel honoured to do) as well as my personal experiences and feelings about it.
I once hated getting up early to work out because it made me sweaty and tired out. However, after trying it, I found sports beneficial. 2.Not only do sports build up our strength, but they also keep us positive (运动不仅能强身健体，还能使我们保持乐观；not only...but also...). I often go jogging, which relieves my stress. Moreover, sticking to jogging 3.makes a great difference to my fitness (对我的健康有很大的帮助)．
As life lies in movement, let's work out together.
I feel highly honoured to be here to
share with you the benefits of sports
Not only do sports build up our strength,
but they also keep us positive
makes a great difference to my fitness
维度二 读后续写微技能4——情感细节描写：感激与感动
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
1．appreciate vt. 感激
2．appreciation n. 感激
3．grateful/thankful adj. 感激的；感谢的
4．gratefully/thankfully adv. 感激地
5．gratitude/thanks n. 感激；感谢
6．move/touch vt. 使感动
7．moving/touching adj. 令人感动的
8．moved/touched adj. 感动的
9．a growing sense of pride 越来越自豪
10．well up 涌出
11．roll down without control 无法控制地滚落下来
12．sweep over 席卷
13．tears of gratitude 感激的眼泪
14．touch sb. deeply 深深打动了某人
15．fill sb. with gratitude 让某人心中充满感激
16．be moved by 被……感动
17．be moved/touched to tears 感动得落泪
18．have a deep gratitude towards... 对……深怀感激
19．with gratitude/appreciation 感激地
20．owe sb. a lot/a great deal 非常感激某人
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．正是因为他冒着生命危险救了我，我才流下了感激的眼泪。
It was because he risked his life to save me that I shed tears of gratitude．
2．我被他所做的事深深地感动了，感觉眼泪无法控制地滚落下来。
Deeply moved/touched/affected by what he had done, I felt tears rolling down without control．
3．她热泪盈眶，哽咽着一遍又一遍地感谢他。
With tears welling up in her eyes，she thanked him again and again with a lump in her throat．(with复合结构)
I shed tears of gratitude
felt tears rolling down without
control
With tears welling up in her eyes
4．寒冷的天气里，一种温暖的感觉席卷了彼得，他开始相信每个角落都有善良。
A feeling of warmth sweeping over Peter on the cold day, he began to believe there was kindness in every corner．(独立主格结构)
5．能够和在这里遇到的人一起，成为这个杰出小组的一员，我心中的自豪感油然而生，大家的双眼中都熠熠闪耀着奉献精神的光芒。
With each person I met, I felt a growing sense of pride as part of this extraordinary team, whose devotion to the cause shone from their eyes. (外研版选必二U4)
A feeling of warmth sweeping over Peter
felt a growing sense of pride
任务2 语段表达
Last week, I was feeling down because I didn't do well on my math test. When I got home, I found a note from my mom on my desk. It said, “I believe in you. Don't give up！” Her simple words 1.touched me deeply (深深打动了我). I realized how much she cared about me and believed in my abilities. The next day, I studied even harder, determined to do better. My mom's encouragement 2.filled me with gratitude (让我心中充满感激) and gave me the strength to keep going. 3.I was moved by her love and support (她的爱和支持让我感动), and I promised myself I wouldn't disappoint her．
touched me deeply
filled me with gratitude
I was moved by her love and support
基础默测
第
分
部
四
默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．marathon n. 马拉松赛跑
2．glory n. 荣誉；光荣；赞美
3．gymnastics n. 体操(训练)
4．soccer n. 足球；足球运动
5．stadium n. (pl.stadiums or stadia) 体育场；运动场
6．badminton n. 羽毛球运动
马拉松赛跑
荣誉；光荣；赞美
体操(训练)
足球；足球运动
体育场；运动场
羽毛球运动
二、核心单词写得准
1．pretend vi. & vt. 假装；装扮
2．audience n. 观众；听众
3．diet n. 规定饮食；日常饮食 vi. 节食
4．master n. 高手；主人 vt. 精通；掌握
5．medal n. 奖章；勋章
6．captain n. (运动队)队长；船长；机长
7．event n. 比赛项目；大事；公开活动
8．sweat vt. 使出汗；出汗弄湿 vi. 出汗；流汗 n. 汗水；出汗
9．positive adj. 积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的
10．slim adj. 苗条的；单薄的
pretend
audience
diet
master
medal
captain
event
sweat
positive
slim
三、拓展单词通变化
1．fit adj. 适合的；健康的 vt. & vi. 适合→fitness n. 健康；健壮；适合→unfit adj. 不适合的
2．host vt. 主办；主持 n. 主人；东道主；节目主持人→hostess n. 女主人
3．honour n. 荣誉；尊敬；荣幸→honourable adj. 可敬的；体面的→honoured adj. 受尊敬的
4．champion n. 冠军；优胜者→championship n. 锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号
5．determine v．决心；决意→determination n. 决心；决定→determined adj. 坚决的
6．injure vt. 使受伤；损害→injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的→injury n. 伤害；损伤
7．strong adj. 强壮的→strength n. 力量；体力→strengthen v．增强
8．fail v．失败→failure n. 失败；失败的人(或事物)
fit
fitness
unfit
host
hostess
honour
honourable
honoured
champion
championship
determine
determination
determined
injure
injured
injury
strong
strength
strengthen
fail
failure
四、重点词块明搭配
1．lose heart 丧失信心；泄气
2．give up 放弃；投降
3．make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚
4．set an example 树立榜样
5．pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
6．work out 锻炼；计算出；解决
7．make it 获得成功；准时到达
8．make a difference 有作用或影响
9．rather than 而不是
10．cut…out 停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
lose heart
give up
make sense
set an example
pretend to do sth.
锻炼；计算出；解决
获得成功；准时到达
有作用或影响
而不是
停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
五、教材佳句会运用
1．损失两大主力队员是个巨大的挑战，但是郎平没有气馁。(动名词短语作主语)
Losing two important players was a big challenge，but Lang Ping did not lose heart.
2．在比赛的最后几秒钟，乔丹似乎总能找到制胜的方法。(seem＋不定式)
In the final seconds of a game, Jordan always seemed to find a way to win．
3．乔丹说，他成功的秘诀在于从失败中吸取教训。(the secret to…is…)
Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures.
4．足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。(even if)
A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team．
Losing two important players
seemed to find a way to win
the secret to his success is
even if it helps his/her team
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2021·全国乙卷)All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events (比赛项目) in world sport.
2．During the workout, Emily sweated (出汗) greatly and felt her muscles burn.
3．With years of practice, she mastered (精通) the art of painting and earned widespread recognition.
4．Sarah was awarded a gold medal (奖章) for her excellent performance in the national science competition.
5．The theater performance attracted the audience (观众), earning a standing applause at the end.
events
sweated
mastered
medal
audience
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Lisa's failure (fail) in the exam taught her the importance of consistent preparation.
2．Reading extensively can strengthen (strength) one's vocabulary and understanding of complex subjects.
3．Because of his injury (injure), Mike had to give up playing basketball for a while.
4．Sarah started a fitness (fit) project to stay active and maintain her health.
5．With determination (determine) and perseverance, we can overcome the toughest challenges in life.
failure
strengthen
injury
fitness
determination
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．John goes to the gym every morning to work out and maintain his physical fitness.
2．With hard work and dedication, you can make it through any difficult course.
3．As the eldest sister, Mary sets an example for her younger brothers and sisters by standing out in her studies.
4．Even though the project was not going as planned, the team leader encouraged everyone not to lose heart．
5．After hearing both sides of the story, it started to make sense why they had such a disagreement.
lose heart；make it；make sense；set an example；work out
work out
make it
sets an example
lose heart
make sense
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．掌握一门新语言会得到无数的机会。(动名词短语作主语)
Mastering a new language opens up countless opportunities.
2．保持身体健康的秘诀是均衡的饮食和规律的锻炼。(the secret to…is…)
The secret to maintaining a healthy body is a balanced diet and regular exercise.
3．即使你不能待很久，我们仍然非常希望你能来参加我们这个周末的聚会。(even if)
Even if you can't stay long, we would like you to come to our gathering this weekend.
Mastering a new language
The secret to maintaining a healthy body is
Even if you can't stay long,
课时作业4
第
分
部
五
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2025·重庆八中高三开学考)
Baseball was everything to Walker Smallwood.But when he was just 14 years old, he got heartbreaking news that he had a rare form of bone cancer growing in his left leg.His baseball playing came to a sudden stop as he spent the next three years undergoing six surgeries, 24 treatments and 18 hospital stays.
The young pitcher's leg would never be strong enough to make competitive playing an option.“At the time I guess I was just kind of in denial (否认), because my whole life, day in and day out, was built around baseball and sports，” Walker said.“It was pretty disastrous，” his mom Pam said.The most the 17 year old would be able to do is play catch with his teammates as they warmed up for their games.
As the team approached the final game of the season, Walker's parents and coach agreed that he could pitch (投球) for an inning (一局) or two for the old time's sake.
“Say you did it, have some fun, and then that'll be it.Obviously, that's not what happened，” Walker said.
What ended up happening was more than anyone ever expected.Walker not only threw solid pitches in that first inning, but he also ended up pitching a no hitter.The coach decided to keep him in the game until he started giving up pitches, but that never happened.Smallwood struck out all but two hitters for the entire game and tied a school record in the process.
“I was in tears, most of the stands were in tears—just one of those special moments that we'll cherish forever，” Mom Pam said.Smallwood may never play again.He's actually fine with that now because who needs a World Series ring when you've already taken on your greatest competitor and gone undefeated.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了17岁男孩 Walker Smallwood 因患一种罕见的癌症不得不放弃棒球运动。他重返球场参加最后一场比赛，投出了一个无安打的球，震惊所有人。
1．What does the word “It” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to？( )
A．The serious injury to his leg.
B．The childhood baseball dream.
C．The risk of multiple surgeries.
D．The long term mental stress.
解析：词义猜测题。依据代词永远出现在原词之后可知，画线词指代的内容应该在第二段第一句“The young pitcher's leg would never be strong enough to make competitive playing an option.”；Walker一直梦想成为职业棒球手，但因癌症造成腿部伤害，无力支持高强度运动，因此妈妈想表达“这简直是灾难性的”，所以It在这里指代癌症使他的腿受伤无力这件事。故选A。
A
2．Which of the following best describes Walker Smallwood？( )
A．Confident and energetic.
B．Ambitious and determined.
C．Brilliant and considerate.
D．Optimistic and independent.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“Say you did it…that's not what happened”和第五段中“Walker not only threw…but that never happened.”可知，Walker在得知有机会参加最后一场比赛后，就决心不只是去玩玩，而是认真打比赛。结果他投出了一个无安打的球，超出所有人的预期。从这里可以看出这位年轻投手有追求，有决心，也很努力；棒球是他一生的追求，说明他很有雄心壮志。故选B。
B
3．Why does the author mention a World Series ring in the last paragraph？( )
A．To emphasize the value of cherishing every moment.
B．To stress the significance of any championship prize.
C．To highlight Walker's personal success at the game.
D．To serve as a reminder of challenges in Walker's life.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Smallwood may never play again…your greatest competitor and gone undefeated.”可知，作者是为了强调Walker当天在棒球场上的成就超过了任何冠军奖的意义。一枚世界大赛戒指是棒球终极成就的象征，但Walker克服癌症带来的伤痛，投出一个无安打的球，所向无敌，其他荣誉何足挂齿。故选C。
C
4．What can we learn from Walker's story？( )
A．Misfortune can tell us what fortune is.
B．You can't teach an old dog new tricks.
C．Constant dropping wears away a stone.
D．What doesn't kill you makes you stronger.
解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“His baseball playing…and 18 hospital stays.”和倒数第二段中“Smallwood struck…a school record in the process.”可知，本文介绍了17岁男孩 Walker Smallwood因患一种罕见的癌症不得不放弃棒球运动。他重返球场参加最后一场比赛，投出了一个无安打的球，震惊所有人。D项“What doesn't kill you makes you stronger.”符合文章大意。故选D。
D
(2025·八省联考)
Want to learn a new language or get A's in college exams Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert (转换) new information into long term memory.A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning.
Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning.
Participants—72 healthy male and female adults—were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning.After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two thirds of them also exercised.Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test.The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested.
Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI (磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity.The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately.Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned.
According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying.But why That's one question the researchers have yet to answer.Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning.I've run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout.But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于运动助力学习的新研究。
5．What did the new study aim to explore？( )
A．When exercise is best for learning.
B．What biochemicals are good for health.
C．How brainwaves should be measured.
D．Which area of the brain is the most active.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning.”可知，新研究是为了探索什么时候运动对学习最有益。故选A。
A
6．What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment？( )
A．Train on bicycles.
B．Do mathematics exercises.
C．Play computer games.
D．Watch films about nature.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries”可知，在实验中所有参与者都被要求观看自然纪录片。故选D。
D
7．Why did the participants return to the lab two days later？( )
A．To do a medical examination.
B．To have their memory tested.
C．To get their workouts recorded.
D．To finish their previous tasks.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test”可知，参与者两天后回到实验室是为了进行记忆测试。故选B。
B
8．What might the author's marathon running prove？( )
A．The findings of the study are reliable.
B．Long distance runners are often smart.
C．Studies on the marathon are not enough.
D．Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“I've run enough marathons to prove the fact…a tough workout.”可知，作者想用自己的马拉松经历说明剧烈运动可能不会使大脑更敏锐。故选D。
D
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
(2024·安徽池州高三模拟)
The saying “All roads lead to Xianyang” may not be widely known, but it is the 1 (true)in history.After Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, unified the country in 221 BCE, he began building state level roads, Xianyang 2 the center.Several long roads were therefore completed, 3 (cover) a distance of about 750 kilometers, running through plains, mountains, grasslands, deserts, and finally leading to Xianyang, the capital city.
Like the Great Wall, these roads, 4 (call) Qin Zhidao, literally the Qin Direct Paths or Qin Highways, are considered another miracle in Qin Dynasty.Generally, the roads were 20 to 60 meters wide and 50 cars could run side by side at the same time on their 5 (wide) sections.The firmly made surface 6 (shape) like a turtle back above the ground to avoid standing water at that time.Another amazing fact is that grass 7 (rare) grows on the road and many parts are still in good condition even today.
文章总览
The mysterious ancient roads, 8 date back over 2，200 years and predate the Roman Roads by over 200 years, are known to be 9 natural museum in the history of road construction.Historians evaluate it this way: if the Great Wall is compared to a defensive shield (盾牌), then Qin Zhidao is the weapon 10 (guard) the stability and prosperity (繁荣) of the Qin Empire.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了秦朝的另一个奇迹：秦直道。
文章总览
The saying “All roads lead to Xianyang” may not be widely known, but it is the 1 (true)in history.After Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, unified the country in 221 BCE, he began building state level roads, Xianyang 2 the center.Several long roads were therefore completed, 3 (cover) a distance of about 750 kilometers, running through plains, mountains, grasslands, deserts, and finally leading to Xianyang, the capital city.
1．truth
解析：考查名词。句意：“条条大路通咸阳”这句话可能并不广为人知，但这是历史上的真理。前面有定冠词the，所以用名词truth作表语，为不可数名词，故填truth。
truth
答案分析
The saying “All roads lead to Xianyang” may not be widely known, but it is the 1 (true)in history.After Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, unified the country in 221 BCE, he began building state level roads, Xianyang 2 the center.Several long roads were therefore completed, 3 (cover) a distance of about 750 kilometers, running through plains, mountains, grasslands, deserts, and finally leading to Xianyang, the capital city.
2．as
解析：考查介词。句意：公元前221年，中国第一位皇帝秦始皇统一全国后，他开始修建以咸阳为中心的国家级道路。根据句意可知，此处表示“作为”，后跟名词，所以用介词as，故填as。
as
答案分析
The saying “All roads lead to Xianyang” may not be widely known, but it is the 1 (true)in history.After Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, unified the country in 221 BCE, he began building state level roads, Xianyang 2 the center.Several long roads were therefore completed, 3 (cover) a distance of about 750 kilometers, running through plains, mountains, grasslands, deserts, and finally leading to Xianyang, the capital city.
3．covering
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，几条长路建成，全长约750公里，穿过平原、山脉、草原、沙漠，最终通往都城咸阳。句中已有谓语动词，空处应为非谓语动词；主语Several long roads与cover之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故填covering。
covering
答案分析
Like the Great Wall, these roads, 4 (call) Qin Zhidao, literally the Qin Direct Paths or Qin Highways, are considered another miracle in Qin Dynasty.Generally, the roads were 20 to 60 meters wide and 50 cars could run side by side at the same time on their 5 (wide) sections.The firmly made surface 6 (shape) like a turtle back above the ground to avoid standing water at that time.Another amazing fact is that grass 7 (rare) grows on the road and many parts are still in good condition even today.
4．called
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：和长城一样，这些被称为“秦直道”的道路被认为是秦朝的另一个奇迹。call与其逻辑主语these roads之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填called。
called
答案分析
Like the Great Wall, these roads, 4 (call) Qin Zhidao, literally the Qin Direct Paths or Qin Highways, are considered another miracle in Qin Dynasty.Generally, the roads were 20 to 60 meters wide and 50 cars could run side by side at the same time on their 5 (wide) sections.The firmly made surface 6 (shape) like a turtle back above the ground to avoid standing water at that time.Another amazing fact is that grass 7 (rare) grows on the road and many parts are still in good condition even today.
5．widest
解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：一般来说，道路宽度为20 ～ 60米，最宽的路段可以让50辆汽车并排行驶。根据句意可知此处表示“最宽的”，所以用形容词最高级作定语，故填widest。
widest
答案分析
Like the Great Wall, these roads, 4 (call) Qin Zhidao, literally the Qin Direct Paths or Qin Highways, are considered another miracle in Qin Dynasty.Generally, the roads were 20 to 60 meters wide and 50 cars could run side by side at the same time on their 5 (wide) sections.The firmly made surface 6 (shape) like a turtle back above the ground to avoid standing water at that time.Another amazing fact is that grass 7 (rare) grows on the road and many parts are still in good condition even today.
6．was shaped
解析：考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：那时，坚固的表面被塑造成乌龟背的形状，高出地面，以避免积水。根据时间状语at that time可知描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时；shape和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；主语为不可数名词surface，所以be动词用was，故填was shaped。
was shaped
答案分析
Like the Great Wall, these roads, 4 (call) Qin Zhidao, literally the Qin Direct Paths or Qin Highways, are considered another miracle in Qin Dynasty.Generally, the roads were 20 to 60 meters wide and 50 cars could run side by side at the same time on their 5 (wide) sections.The firmly made surface 6 (shape) like a turtle back above the ground to avoid standing water at that time.Another amazing fact is that grass 7 (rare) grows on the road and many parts are still in good condition even today.
7．rarely
解析：考查副词。句意：另一个令人惊奇的事实是，道路上很少长草，许多地方直到今天仍然状况良好。修饰动词，所以用副词，故填rarely。
rarely
答案分析
The mysterious ancient roads, 8 date back over 2，200 years and predate the Roman Roads by over 200 years, are known to be 9 natural museum in the history of road construction.Historians evaluate it this way: if the Great Wall is compared to a defensive shield (盾牌), then Qin Zhidao is the weapon 10 (guard) the stability and prosperity (繁荣) of the Qin Empire.
8．which
解析：考查定语从句。句意：这条神秘的古路的历史可以追溯到2 200多年前，比罗马道路早200多年，是道路建设史上的一座天然博物馆。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The mysterious ancient roads，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用which引导，故填which。
which
答案分析
The mysterious ancient roads, 8 date back over 2，200 years and predate the Roman Roads by over 200 years, are known to be 9 natural museum in the history of road construction.Historians evaluate it this way: if the Great Wall is compared to a defensive shield (盾牌), then Qin Zhidao is the weapon 10 (guard) the stability and prosperity (繁荣) of the Qin Empire.
9． A
解析：考查冠词。句意同上。此处泛指“一个”，所以用不定冠词，natural的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
a
答案分析
The mysterious ancient roads, 8 date back over 2，200 years and predate the Roman Roads by over 200 years, are known to be 9 natural museum in the history of road construction.Historians evaluate it this way: if the Great Wall is compared to a defensive shield (盾牌), then Qin Zhidao is the weapon 10 (guard) the stability and prosperity (繁荣) of the Qin Empire.
10．guarding/to guard
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：历史学家是这样评价它的：如果把长城比作防御的盾牌，那么秦直道就是保卫秦朝稳定繁荣的武器。guard与其逻辑主语weapon之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语；也可以看作是weapon后跟动词不定式作后置定语，故填guarding或to guard。
guarding/to guard
答案分析
