必修第二册 UNIT 2 WILDLIFE PROTECTION
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
extinct；measure；recover；reduce；alarm；attack；reserve
Yesterday I saw a poster about illegal hunting, which immediately stirred up strong emotions in me. Many species are dying out at an 1.alarming rate due to human activities. About three species become 2.extinct every hour on average. To make more profits，some people shoot masses of whales，sharks and deer for their meat，fur or skin. Kangaroos，koalas and dolphins are 3.reduced to endangered species because their habitats are threatened. However，the authorities are aware of what should be done and effective 4.measures are being taken to preserve wildlife. Volunteers set up nature 5.reserves on the plain，and watch over them day and night to keep them from being 6.attacked.Gradually，they make progress and the antelope population has 7.recovered.Some species are removed from the endangered species list. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
提示：加底纹词汇为本单元复现词汇
1 alarm vt. 使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 n. 恐慌；警报；警报器(→alarming adj.惊人的；使人惊恐的→alarmed adj. 惊恐的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空/选词填空
①She jumped up in alarm when she heard the window shatter in the middle of the night.
②He was alarmed to find (find) his house's front door wide open when he returned home.
③She was alarmed at/by the news of the sudden hurricane approaching the coast.
④The alarming rate at which species are becoming extinct emphasizes the need for conservation efforts.(alarming/alarmed)
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤她的突然昏倒让房间里的每个人都感到惊恐，他们迅速呼叫医疗援助。
Her sudden faint alarmed everyone in the room, and they quickly called for medical assistance.(情感、动作描写)
(1)in alarm 惊恐地
ring/sound the alarm 敲警钟；吹警报号
(2)be alarmed at/by... 对……惊慌
be alarmed to do... 对做……感到恐慌
[语料积累] ①the alarming rate
惊人的速度
②the alarming rise
惊人的上升
③feel alarmed(心理描写)
感到惊恐
④alarmed expression(神情描写)
惊恐的表情
⑤Environmentalists are sounding the alarm about the rapid deforestation and its impact on our planet.(演讲稿)
环保人士正在对快速的森林砍伐及其对我们星球的影响发出警告。
2 aware adj.有……意识的；知道；发觉(→awareness n．意识；认识)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①World Oceans Day，falling on June 8th，is aimed at raising awareness (aware) of ocean conservation.
[能力提升]——微写作
②我呼吁政府发起更多的环保运动以唤起人们过低碳生活的意识。
I appeal to the government to launch more environment friendly campaigns to arouse people's awareness of living a low carbon life．(倡议书)
(1)be/become aware of sth./that...
知道，明白……；意识到……
(2)arouse/improve/strengthen one's awareness of... 唤起/提高/增强某人的……意识
[语料积累] Aware of all the people staring at me，I was so nervous that I was sweating all over.(心理描写)
意识到所有人都在盯着我，我如此紧张以至于浑身冒汗。
3 average n．平均数；平均水平 adj.平均的；正常的；普通的 v．计算出……的平均数
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①On the average, each student in our class spends about two hours on homework every night.
②After collecting all the test scores, the teacher decided to average out the numbers.
[能力提升]——微写作
③他学习刻苦，成绩在班里高于平均水平。
He works hard and his grade is above average in his class.(人物介绍)
④所有学生每周上两节体育课，每天平均跑20分钟。
All students have two PE classes a week and run for an average of__20__minutes every day.(校园生活)
(1)an average of 平均有(后跟数词)
(2)on (the) average 平均起来
above/below average 平均水平以上/以下
up to average 达到一般水准
(3)average out 算出平均数
[语料积累] During the math test, Jack scored up to average, which made him feel satisfied because he had studied hard all week to improve his grades.(人物描写)
在数学考试中，杰克达到了平均水平，这让他感到满意，因为他整个星期都在努力学习以提高成绩。
4 concern vt.涉及；让……担忧；与……有关 n．担心；忧虑；关心；(利害)关系(→concerned adj.担心的；关切的；感兴趣的；有关的；参与的→concerning prep.关于；涉及)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The authorities concerned are deeply concerned about the issue concerning education reform.(concern)
②The meeting was concerned with reforms and everyone present was concerned for/about their own interests.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
③In my opinion, we must get fully prepared and practice hard in order to perform well in the match.As far as I'm concerned,
(1)as far as...be concerned 就……而言
be concerned about/for 对……担心/关心
be concerned with 与……有关
(2)show/express concern for/about
对……表示关心
[语料积累] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)His smile gave way to a look of concern. An embarrassing silence fell between us.(神情、情景描写)
他的笑容变成了担心的表情。我们之间出现了尴尬的沉默。
5 adapt vi.适应 vt.使适应；使适合；改编；改写(→adaptable adj.适应性强的；能适应的→adaptation n．改编本；改写本；适应)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①It is a TV adaptation (adapt) of the Chinese literary classic，Dream of the Red Chamber，which is performed by a group of children aged 6 to 12.
[能力提升]——微写作
②这部著名小说被改编成了舞台剧，以生动的表演将角色栩栩如生地呈现出来。
The famous novel was adapted for the stage, bringing the characters to life in a vivid performance.(文学评论)
③我真的希望你能尽快适应新学校，过上愉快的生活。
I do hope that you can adapt (yourself) to the new school as soon as possible and lead a happy life.(表达祝愿)
adapt (oneself) to 使……适应于
adapt sth.from 根据……改编某物
be adapted for 为……而改写、改编
[语料积累] ①more flexible and adaptable to change
更灵活且更能适应变化
②(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)I am writing to ask you to help us with our English short play which is adapted from our English text.(求助信)
我写信请求您就我们的英语短剧给予我们帮助，该短剧改编自我们的英语课文。
6 measure vt.测量；度量；估量 linking verb (指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为…… n．措施；方法
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The room measuring (measure) five meters across is comfortable to live in.
[能力提升]——微写作
②越来越多的人开始意识到，教育不应该仅仅以考试成绩来衡量。
More and more people begin to be aware that education should not be measured only by examination results.(现象介绍)
③拿着为我量身定做的裙子，我扑进妈妈的怀里，幸福的泪水涌了出来。
Holding the skirt made to my measure，I threw myself into my mother's arms，tears of happiness welling up in my eyes.(动作、情感描写)
(1)measure...by... 用……来度量……
(2)make...to sb.'s measure 给某人量身定做……
take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
[语料积累] (2024·北京卷)China has also taken active measures to protect the environment and promote sustainable development.(环境保护)
中国还积极采取措施保护环境，促进可持续发展。
[名师指津] ①measure表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。
②measure表示“有……长(宽、高等)”时，是系动词，后跟测量的结果，不用于被动语态及进行时态。
7 remind vt.提醒；使想起
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The Spring Festival is one of the most important traditional festivals in China, which always reminds us of the family reunion.
[能力提升]——一句多译
②这张海报提醒我们必须立即采取措施保护濒临灭绝的生物。
→The poster reminds us that we must take immediate measures to protect endangered creatures．(remind sb.that...)
→The poster reminds us to take immediate measures to protect endangered creatures．(remind sb.to do sth.)
remind sb.of sb./sth. 使某人想起(类似的人或物)
remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb.that... 提醒某人……
[语料积累] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)It reminded me of the importance of observing and capturing moments of beauty in our surroundings.(活动介绍)
这让我想起了在我们周围观察和捕捉美好时刻的重要性。
[名师指津] “v.＋sb.＋of sth.”短语还有：cure sb.of sth.治好某人的病；accuse sb.of sth.控告某人某事；inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事；convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事。
8 intend vi.& vt.打算；计划；想要(→intention n．用意；目的；意图)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①My parents had intended (intend) to buy a new truck but couldn't afford it.
②The grammar book which is intended (intend) for English beginners is extremely popular.
[能力提升]——一句多译
③我们学校组织了一场五公里的越野跑比赛，目的是增强我们的体力和脑力。
→Our school organized a five kilometer cross country running race with the intention of improving our physical and mental strength．(intention)
→Our school organized a five kilometer cross country running race，which was intended to improve our physical and mental strength．(定语从句)
(1)intend doing/to do sth. 打算做某事，计划做某事
intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth. (＝intended to have done sth.) 本打算做某事(但事实上没做)
be intended for 专门为……准备/打算的；专为……而设计的
be intended to do sth. 打算做某事
(2)with the intention of 目的是……
[语料积累] Mrs Thompson intends her son to apply to several universities overseas to broaden his academic and cultural horizons.(人物描写)
汤普森太太打算让她的儿子申请几所海外大学，以拓宽他的学术和文化视野。
9 exist vi.存在；生存(→existence n．存在；生存→existing adj.目前的；现存的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The garden came into existence (exist) through the efforts of local residents.
[能力提升]——微写作
②(2023·浙江1月卷)我被世界上存在的植物种类的多样性所震撼。
I was struck by the variety of plants that exist in our world．(活动介绍)
③我们的生活有起有落，但无论发生什么，我们都可以依靠爱和希望生活。
There exist ups and downs in our life，but whatever happens，we can always exist on love and hope．(主旨升华)
(1)exist in＝lie in/consist in 存在于……
exist on＝live on 靠……生存/存活
There exist(s)... 某地有……；存在……
(2)come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在
[语料积累] ①continue to exist for future generations(环保)
为后代继续存在
②Despite the existing challenges, the team remains optimistic about their project's success.(心理描写)
尽管面临现有的挑战，该团队仍然对他们项目的成功保持乐观。
10 reduce vt. 减少(→reduction n．减少；缩小；降低)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Thanks to the reduction (reduce) in pollution, we can see the blue sky and breathe the fresh air now.
②There is every prospect of closing the business if the price is reduced by 3%．
[能力提升]——句型转换
③When he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, tears came into his eyes.
→When he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops，he was reduced to tears．,
(1)reduce to... 减少到/降低到……
reduce by... 减少了/降低了……
(2)rise/increase to... 增加到……
rise/increase by... 增加了……
(3)be reduced to (doing) sth.
使……沦为(做)……
[语料积累] One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about your feeling with someone you trust.(建议信)
减少压力最有效的方法之一是与你信任的人谈谈你的感受。
11 die out (动植物)灭亡；(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失；(火)熄灭
[基础检测]——用die的相关短语填空
①Now I am dying for the precious opportunity to join the school basketball club.
②After the announcement, the initial excitement in the room slowly died down.
③Due to a mysterious disease, the fish in the lake began to die off one by one.
[能力提升]——微写作
④随着生存环境变得越来越糟，很多物种正在绝迹。
With the living environment becoming worse and worse，many species are dying out．(演讲稿)
⑤得知你非常想参观北京，我愿意当你的导游。
Learning that you are dying to visit Beijing，I am willing to act as your tourist guide.(告知信)
(1)die of/from 死于
die away (声音、风、光等)渐渐消失
die down (兴奋、火等)渐弱，渐息
die off 相继死去
(2)be dying for sth. 渴望得到某物
be dying to do sth. 渴望去做某事
[语料积累] ①The sounds slowly died away, leaving only silence.(环境描写)
声音慢慢消失，只剩下寂静。
②Many species are in danger of dying out due to habitat destruction and climate change.(演讲稿)
由于栖息地被破坏和气候变化，许多物种正面临灭绝的危险。
12 句型公式：This is why... 这就是……的原因
(教材原句)This is why we're here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.
这就是我们来到这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Seen from space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy one percent of its surface is covered by water.
②That's why more and more people are interested in the Tang Dynasty.
[能力提升]——微写作
③我不能信守诺言的原因是我要去机场为我叔叔送行。
The reason why I can't keep my word is that I am going to the airport to see my uncle off.(道歉信)
(1)This/That/It is because...
“这/那是因为……”，because引导表语从句。
(2)The reason why...is/was that...
“……的原因是……”，why引导定语从句并在从句中作状语；that引导表语从句。
[语料积累] Ten years' hard work！That's why I look so old now.(人物描写)
十年辛苦的劳动！那就是为什么我现在看起来如此苍老的原因。
13 句型公式：“only＋状语”位于句首引起的部分倒装
(教材原句)Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
[能力提升]——微写作/句型转换
①只有来到中国，你才能真正体验中国的饮食文化。
Only when/if you come to China can you truly experience Chinese food culture.(建议信)
②直到那时我才发现，正是凭借勇敢和决心我们才能克服一切困难。
Only then did I find that it was with bravery and determination that we could conquer all the difficulties.(主旨升华)
③You will get the hang of the language and its essence only by emerging yourself in Chinese conditions.
→Only by emerging yourself in Chinese conditions will you get the hang of the language and its essence．(变为倒装句)
在英语句子中，为了表示强调，把“only＋状语(副词/介词短语/状语从句)”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装形式，即“Only＋状语＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语＋其他”。
[语料积累] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)From then on, I would try my best to help others like Gunter. Only in this way could more and more people help each other in the future.(主旨升华)
从那时起，我会尽我最大的努力去帮助别人，就像冈特一样。只有这样，将来才能有越来越多的人互相帮助。
[名师指津] 当only修饰状语不位于句首或位于句首的only修饰的不是状语，而是主语时，均不倒装。
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．We should observe the rules to live in harmony with nature and make progress in sustainability.
2．Why on earth did he leave immediately after the meeting without saying a word
3．In the dark, he could barely make out the figure he was searching for．
4．Climate change threatens wildlife, and we must watch over their habitats carefully.
1．on earth (放在疑问词之后表示强调)究竟；到底
2．make progress in 在……方面取得进步
3．make out 看清；听清；分清
4．watch over 保护；照管；监督
5．search for 搜索；查找
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——名词后缀 ure
名词后缀 ure表示行为、状态或结果等。例如本单元中的单词：pressure (n. 压力；要求)是由动词press(压)＋后缀 ure转化而来。名词后缀 ure的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．Failure is often a part of learning, and it teaches us valuable lessons that help us grow stronger. n. 失败
2．Long exposure to the sun without protection can cause skin damage, so it's important to wear sunscreen.n. 暴露
3．She takes great pleasure in reading books on a quiet afternoon, enjoying the peace it brings.n. 快乐；乐趣
4．The mixture of bright colors in the painting created a vibrant and lively scene.n. 混合
5．Please sign your name on the dotted line to provide your signature and complete the contract.n. 签名
板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．observe
A.vt.观察 B．vt.庆祝 C．vt.遵守 D．vt.看到
(1)(2023·浙江1月卷)We then went on a natural walk to observe and collect samples of different plants.A
(2)Although many of us observe Father's Day, we may not know the history behind this tradition.B
(3)Walking the dog, she observed a man walking on the opposite side of the way.D
(4)Children should learn above all how to observe good manners at table.C
2．due
A.adj.应支付的 B．adj.到期的 C．adj.预计的 D．adj.适当的；恰当的
(1)The boat is due to arrive at 12：00，so remember to pick me up on time.C
(2)Thank you for delivering my goods here.Ten dollars is due to you.A
(3)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.B
(4)To his annoyance，his request wasn't given due consideration.D
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．(2021·浙江6月卷)That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.vt. 评价
[点拨]rate (熟义) n. 速度；(比)率 vt. 划分等级。此处意为“评价”。
2．(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student.vt. 抨击
[点拨]attack (熟义) n．， vi. & vt. 攻击。此处意为“抨击”。
3．(1)(2021·浙江6月卷)Summers in the mid 70s were spent at home shooting baskets, hitting a baseball, or throwing a football, preparing for my future as a quarterback on a football team.v. 射门；投球
(2)(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)Pulling up to the building, Grant saw flames (火焰) shooting out of a second floor window.v. 喷出，喷射
(3)(2023·全国乙卷)To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10 minute time frame.v. 拍摄，拍照
[点拨]shoot (熟义) v．(shot，shot) 射杀；射伤；发射。此处(1)意为“射门；投球”，(2)意为“喷出，喷射”，(3)意为“拍摄，拍照”。
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配/
单元语法(现在进行时的被动语态)
1．He was concerned (concern) about his friend's health, thinking about it constantly.
2．We must take immediate and effective measures to conserve (conserve) water in our daily lives.
3．The teacher intends students to complete (complete) their projects by Friday, and the scores will be averaged (average)．
4．The new community center came into existence (exist) last year, providing many services to residents.
5．She is fully aware of the importance of regular exercise for maintaining good health.
6．They are friends forever，so nothing can threaten (threat) their relationship which many people consider harmonious.
7．On average，each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck.
8．In my opinion，the more you take part in after class activities，the sooner you will adapt to the new environment.
9．The government has taken a series of measures to protect wild animals from extinction (extinct)．
10．A new gym is being built (build) now behind our school, and everyone is excited to use it for sports.
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．这道数学题对我来说很难理解。
It is difficult for me to understand this math problem．
2．天气不好，这就是为什么运动会被推迟了。
The weather was bad; this is why the sports meeting was put off．
3．说到体育运动，我最喜欢的是篮球。
When it comes to sports, my favorite is basketball．(人物介绍)
4．她迫不及待地想在这个周末去游乐园。
She is dying to visit the amusement park this weekend．(心理描写)
5．他提醒朋友按时提交项目。
He reminded his friend to submit the project on time．(动作描写)
6．I understood the lesson fully only when the teacher explained it again.(动作描写)
→Only when the teacher explained it again did I understand the lesson fully．(变为倒装句)
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板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
请运用本单元所学，根据以下信息写一篇保护华南虎的英文海报。内容包括： 1．物种：华南虎(South China Tiger)(世界濒危动物之一)； 2．栖息地：中国； 3．现有的数目：野生数量为0；有约200只华南虎生活在保护区； 4．濒危的原因：栖息地的减少；人类为了获取它们的皮和骨对其进行捕杀； 5．保护措施：拒绝购买虎制品。
South China Tiger Protection
The South China Tiger, whose habitat is in China, 1.is one of the most endangered animals in the world (是世界上最濒危的动物之一). There are about 200 South China Tigers living in the reserve with none in the wild. The reduction of their habitats and people's hunting for their fur and bones 2.have left them in danger (使它们处于危险中). They need a safe environment to survive. So 3.it is high time that we took action to protect them (到了我们采取行动保护它们的时候了；it is high time that...). Don't buy any tiger products or we will only see them in the museums in the near future.
维度二 读后续写微技能8——情感细节描
写：后悔、内疚与自责
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
1．regret v．& n．懊悔，惋惜 2．regretful adj. 后悔的，遗憾的 3．guilt n. 内疚 4．guilty adj. 内疚的 5．guiltily adv. 内疚地 6．regretful tears 遗憾的泪水 7．feel extremely guilty 感到非常内疚 8．drown in 沉浸在……之中 9．stream down one's cheeks 顺着某人的面颊流下来 10．feel one's cheeks hot with embarrassment and guilt 感到脸颊因尴尬和内疚而发热 11．pay the price 付出代价 12．never let this happen again 再也不让这种事发生 13．admit one's mistake 承认错误 14．overcome one's feelings of guilt 克服内疚感 15．to one's great regret/much to one's regret 令某人深感遗憾的是 16．have guilt written all over one's face 某人满脸内疚 17．a guilty look on one's face 某人脸上露出惭愧的表情
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．我站在那里，眼里含着遗憾的泪水。
I stood there, with regretful tears in my eyes．(with复合结构)
2．听到这个坏消息，她感到非常内疚。
On hearing the bad news, she felt extremely guilty．
3．他沉浸在愧疚之中，不知所措，不知道下一步该怎么办。
Drowning in feelings of guilt, he was at a loss, not knowing what to do next．(非谓语动词)
4．绝望而无助的珍妮特跪了下来，后悔的泪水顺着她的面颊流了下来。
Desperate and helpless, Janet knelt down, tears of regret streaming down her cheeks.(独立主格结构)
5．心里充满了内疚和悔恨，我站起来，冲出去向她道歉。
With guilt and regret flowing in my mind, I rose to my feet, rushed out and apologised to her.(with复合结构)
任务2 语段表达
Julia regretted not studying for the test as soon as she saw the first question. 1.She felt her cheeks hot with embarrassment and guilt (她感到脸颊因尴尬和内疚而发热). Weeks of delay had led to this moment, and now 2.she was paying the price(她正在付出代价). In the silent classroom, every ticking second of the clock seemed to scold her for her laziness. As she struggled to recall the answers, she promised herself that she would 3.never let this happen again (再也不让这种事发生). After the test, Julia approached her teacher to 4.admit her mistake (承认自己的错误) and ask for advice on how to improve. The conversation was tough but necessary, marking the first step toward changing her habits and 5.overcoming her feelings of guilt (克服内疚感)．
————基础默测—————
默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．prince n. 王子；王孙；亲王
2．whale n. 鲸
3．antelope n. 羚；羚类动物
4．poster n. 海报
5．species n. 物种
6．shark n. 鲨鱼
7．herd n. 牧群；兽群
8．fur n. 毛(皮)；毛皮衣服
9．deer n. 鹿
10．insect n. 昆虫
二、核心单词写得准
1．shoot vt. & vi. 射杀；射伤；发射
2．profit n. 利润；利益
3．measure n. 措施；方法 vt. 测量；度量；估量
4．authority n. 官方；当权；权威
5．reserve n. (动植物)保护区；储藏(量) vt. 预订；预留；保留
6．immediately adv. 立刻
7．average n. 平均数；平均水平 adj. 平均的；正常的；普通的
8．attack n．，vi. & vt. 攻击；抨击
9．goods n. 商品；货物
10．creature n. 生物；动物
11．skin n. 皮；皮肤
三、拓展单词通变化
1．legal adj. 合法的；法律的→illegal adj. 不合法的；非法的→illegally adv. 不合法地；非法地
2．aware adj. 知道；发觉；有……意识的→awareness n. 意识→unaware adj. 未发觉的；不知道的
3．danger n. 危险→endanger vt. 使遭受危险；危害→endangered adj. 濒危的→dangerous adj. 危险的
4．observe vt. 观察(到)；注视；遵守→observation n. 观察
5．effect n. 效果；影响→effective adj. 有效的；生效的→affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭
6．alarm vt. 使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 n. 恐慌；警报；警报器→alarming adj. 惊人的；使人惊恐的→alarmed adj. 惊恐的；受惊的
7．remove vt. 去除；移开；脱去→removal n. 移走；消除
8．reduce vt. 减少→reduction n. 缩减；减少
9．usual adj. 常见的，寻常的→unusual adj. 特别的；不寻常的
四、重点词块明搭配
1．on earth (放在疑问词之后表示强调)究竟；到底
2．die out 灭亡；逐渐消失
3．on average 平均
4．make progress 取得进步
5．concerned about 对……关切的；为……担忧的
6．remind sb.of sb./sth. 使某人想起(类似的人或物)
7．aware of 意识到；知道
8．adapt to 适应
9．under pressure 在压力下；承受压力
10．make out 看清；听清；分清
五、教材佳句会运用
1．大象需要很大的生活空间，因此对它们来说适应这些变化很难。(It＋be＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do…)
Elephants need large living spaces, so it's difficult for them to adapt to the changes．
2．这就是我们来到这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。(This is why…)
This is why we're here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.
3．只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。(“only＋状语”置于句首的部分倒装)
Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
4．当涉及野生动物保护时，所有物种——好的、坏的和丑的——都应该得到平等的对待。(When it comes to…)
When it comes to wildlife protection，all species—the good，the bad，and the ugly—should be treated equally.
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Jane is an average (普通的) student in terms of academic performance, but she excels in sports.
2．With this advanced device, you can measure (测量) the area of a room with just one click.
3．Hurry up and reserve (预订) your seat for the grand musical show happening next month!
4．Our store offers a wide variety of goods (商品) at reasonable prices, ensuring customer satisfaction.
5．The blue whale is the largest creature (动物) on Earth, weighing as much as 200 tons.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Many local residents volunteered to beautify (beauty) the neighborhood park by planting flowers and cleaning up litter.
2．Living in a harmonious (harmony) community where neighbors help and support each other can bring a lot of happiness.
3．It was not my intention (intend) to upset you; I apologize if my words came out wrong.
4．Many national parks are established to protect endangered animals from extinction (extinct)．
5．After a major surgery, it's essential to give your body enough rest for a swift recovery (recover)．
Ⅲ.选词填空
die out；make progress；adapt to；make out；remind…of…
1．I have great trouble making out why he has done such a foolish thing.
2．Due to improper human activities，many species are quickly dying out．
3．I have been looking forward to making progress in my mathematics with my great efforts.
4．The good thing about children is that they adapt to new environments easily.
5．Reminded of the important meeting to be held in ten minutes，I hurried to the conference room.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．这就是我们在日常生活中应该多读经典作品的原因。(This is why…)
This is why we should read more classics in our daily life.
2．只有当我离开家时，我才意识到家人对我来说有多么重要。(“only＋状语”位于句首的部分倒装)
Only when I left home did I realize how important my family were to me．
3．(2022·全国乙卷)当谈到在课外学英语时，不同的学生持有不同的观点。(when it comes to…)
When it comes to learning English beyond the classroom，different students have different opinions.
课时作业8
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2024·江苏南通高三模拟)
The science of why insects gather around lights at night has never been nailed down．Popular theories propose that moths and other insects navigate (导航) by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight, or that the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger.Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer: contrary to current theories, insects are not attracted to light from far away, but become trapped if they fly close to an artificial light source.
According to Dr Sam Fabian, study co author and Imperial College London entomologist, moths and many other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt (倾斜) their backs to wherever is brightest.For hundreds of millions of years, this was the sky rather than the ground.The trick told insects which way was up and ensured they flew level.But then came artificial lighting.Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps.This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly, the insects trapped by their evolution.
Fabian and his colleagues filmed insect flight paths around lights in the lab.The videos reveal that time and again, moths and dragonflies turned their backs to artificial lights, which appeared to greatly change their flight paths.If the light is above them, they might start orbiting it, but if it's behind them, they start tilting backwards and end up flying in circles or diving toward the ground.
Researchers have long warned that light pollution is a big driving force in the dramatic decline in insect populations.Moths and other insects that become trapped around lamps become easily caught by bats.The artificial lighting can also fool them into thinking it is daytime, causing them to bed down and skip a night's feeding.
There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessons from the research.“What this tells us is that the direction of artificial light matters.Could we change lighting environments to not trap insects For we're facing a massive decline in insects around the world, and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be leading to this decline，” Fabian said.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究。研究发现昆虫被进化困住，无休止地围绕人工照明转，这启示我们可以改变人造光的方向，以更好地保护昆虫。
1．What do the underlined words “nailed down” in paragraph 1 mean？( C )
A．Popularized widely.
B．Discussed openly.
C．Defined accurately.
D．Explored academically.
解析：词句猜测题。根据画线短语下文“Popular theories…a more convincing answer”可知，对于昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围这一问题没有标准答案，故可推知画线短语所在句意为“昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围，这一科学问题从未得到明确解释”，故推测画线短语nailed down意为“明确解释”，与Defined accurately意义相近。故选C。
2．Fabian's study found that moths circle around the lamps endlessly because ．( C )
A．they can't keep their balance
B．they use improper flight attitude
C．they lose track of which way is up
D．they are attracted to lights from far away
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，把背部倾向亮处会让昆虫辨别向上的方向，人工照明的出现让飞蛾认为灯光的方向是“上”，即它们失去了分辨哪个方向是“上”的能力，这导致它们无休止地绕着灯转。故选C。
3．What is the significance of the research finding？( A )
A．It may lead to better conservation of insects.
B．Natural enemies of insects will be got rid of.
C．Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night.
D.It may raise concerns for insects' eating behavior.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，这项研究结果的意义是告诉我们可以改变人造光的方向，使昆虫不被困住，从而更好地保护昆虫。故选A。
4．What is the text mainly about？( B )
A．Why insects lose their ability to fly at night.
B．Why artificial light and evolution trap insects.
C．How artificial light impacts insect populations.
D．How insects evolved distinct strategies of flight.
解析：主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究。研究发现昆虫被进化困住，无休止地围绕人工照明转，这启示我们可以改变人造光的方向，以更好地保护昆虫。所以B项“为什么人造光和进化会困住昆虫”符合文章大意。故选B。
(2024·山东济宁高三模拟)
In 2023, the Nature Conservancy launched two 5 year pilot projects at working ranches (牧场) in Kansas and New Mexico to determine if virtual fences enable land managers to better perform regenerative management practices and to assess potential benefits for biodiversity and for ranchers' bottom lines, as well as impacts on soil carbon storage.
Applauded by the U．S.Department of Agriculture as a climate adaption strategy, virtual fencing is an innovative technology that enables ranchers to use a smartphone or Web app to remotely monitor and control where and when cattle graze (吃草)．Virtual fences can reduce the need for physical fences, which require significant time, expense and labor to maintain.Physical fences also limit land managers in their ability to change grazing boundaries to adapt to seasonal changes in vegetation or to exclude cattle from ecologically sensitive areas.
The cows are outfitted with battery operated, GPS enabled collars that send out a radio frequency to communicate with reception towers, creating virtual grazing boundaries set by a rancher.When a cow approaches the edge of the virtual boundary, the collar produces a sound signaling it to turn around.If the cow proceeds to cross the boundary, it receives a momentary mild shock, signaling that it's gone too far and should rejoin its group.
Grasslands are the least protected habitat on earth and one of the most effective carbon sinks, storing up to 20% of the world's soil organic carbon.Unfortunately, grasslands are continuing to rapidly disappear for several reasons.For ecological health, most grassland ecosystems need periods of disturbance to aerate (使透气) the soil, stimulate plant growth and recycle nutrients into the soil.Ranchers complete this disturbance rest cycle by managing the timing, location, herd size and intensity of grazing activities, all of which can be time consuming and painstaking.
“Currently, the costs of virtual fencing are still high, but in the long run it can help land managers better carry out management practices that regenerate land health, help address climate change and biodiversity loss，” said William Burnidge, director of the Nature Conservancy.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在2023年，美国自然保护协会在堪萨斯州和新墨西哥州的牧场推出了两个为期5年的虚拟围栏试点项目，随后说明了虚拟牧场的工作原理，及其对牧场和管理的好处，最后又展望了该项目的前景。
5．What's stressed concerning virtual fencing in paragraph 2？( B )
A．Its smart design.
B．Its major advantages.
C．Its wide application.
D．Its working principles.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要说的是虚拟围栏的优势。故选B项。
6．What does the mild shock indicate to the cow？( A )
A．It's time to return.
B．It's time to graze.
C．It's in danger.
D．It's in a wrong direction.
解析：细节理解题。 根据第三段中“If the cow proceeds…should rejoin its group.”可知，牛收到轻微电击的时候表明它应该返回了。故选A项。
7．What's unavoidable for ranchers to complete the disturbance rest cycle？( A )
A．Intense efforts.
B．Polluted soil.
C．Financial failure.
D．Ecological imbalance.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“For ecological health…be time consuming and painstaking.”可知，要完成这个周期需要大量的努力。故选A项。
8．What's Mr Burnidge's attitude to virtual fencing？( B )
A．Intolerant. B．Objective.
C．Doubtful. D．Conservative.
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Currently, the costs of virtual fencing…help address climate change and biodiversity loss”可知，Mr Burnidge既提到了虚拟牧场的优点，还提到了它费用高昂的缺点，所以他对该项目的态度是客观的。故选B项。
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
(2024·湖南衡阳高三模拟)
In the history of Chinese painting, the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties was a very important period.Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was 1 figure that had to be mentioned during this period.
Gu Kaizhi was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu province in the year 348 and 2 (occupy) an important place in the history of Chinese literature.He was also a talented poet and calligrapher.Meanwhile, 3 (extreme) uninterested in fame and wealth, he made his living on the philosophy of “being half sly (狡黠) and half silly” 4 was given the title of “three excellences”．
As the first painter 5 (maintain) influence on the development of Chinese painting, Gu Kaizhi not only created the basic model of figure painting, leaving 6 his most famous work, Nymph of the Luo River (《洛神赋图》), but also proposed the principles of painting 7 influence has lasted a thousand years, such as “realizing perfection through empathy”and “exposing spirit with form”．
The story of Nymph of the Luo River 8 (root) in historical records and the poetry of Cao Zhi, a prince and poet from the Three Kingdoms period.According to accounts, Cao Zhi wrote a poem called “Rhapsody of the Goddess of Luo” which described a goddess of extraordinary 9 (attractive)．
Inspired by Cao Zhi's poem, Gu Kaizhi set out to illustrate the charming nymph.His painting exhibits the soul of the poem, 10 (display) the nymph's unique elegance and appealing charm.The work exemplifies Gu Kaizhi's skill in bringing literary inspiration to life through art.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了顾恺之在绘画、文学和哲学方面的成就和影响，以及他的作品《洛神赋图》的创作背景和艺术价值。
1．a
解析：考查冠词。句意：在这一时期，东晋画家顾恺之是一个不可忽视的人物。figure意为“人物”，为可数名词，句中用的单数，且表泛指，故用不定冠词修饰，figure的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a修饰。故填a。
2．occupied/occupies
解析：考查动词时态。句意：顾恺之于公元348年出生于江苏无锡，在中国文学史上占有重要地位。根据and可知，occupy和前文的was并列，作本句谓语，用一般过去时，也可以理解为现在在中国文学史上占有重要地位，用一般现在时。故填occupied/occupies。
3．extremely
解析：考查副词。句意：同时，他对名利极不感兴趣，以“痴黠各半”的哲学生活，并被授予“三绝”称号。空处修饰空后的形容词，用副词。故填extremely。
4．and
解析：考查连词。句意同上。分析句子成分可知，空处前后文为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。
5．to maintain
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：顾恺之是中国绘画发展中第一个影响深远的画家，他不仅开创了人物画的基本模式，留下了他最著名的作品《洛神赋图》，而且还提出了“迁想妙得”、“以形写神”等影响千年的绘画原则。此处是固定搭配the first…to do sth.，意为“第一个做某事的人”，故用不定式作后置定语。故填to maintain。
6．behind
解析：考查介词。句意同上。此处是固定搭配leave behind，意为“留下”。故填behind。
7．whose
解析：考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是principles of painting，在从句中作定语，用whose引导。故填whose。
8．is rooted
解析：考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，root作本句谓语，和主语The story of Nymph of the Luo River之间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述的是事实，用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数。故填is rooted。
9．attractiveness
解析：考查名词。句意：据记载，曹植写了一首名为《洛神赋》的诗，描述了一位魅力非凡的女神。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，用attractive的名词形式是attractiveness，表示“吸引力”，为不可数名词。故填attractiveness。
10．displaying
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他的画展现了这首诗的灵魂，展现了女神独特的优雅和迷人的魅力。本句已有谓语动词exhibits，所以空处应用非谓语动词，display和其逻辑主语His painting之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填displaying。(共94张PPT)
简洁
实用
高效
UNIT 2 WILDLIFE PROTECTION
RJ英语
必修第二册
内容索引
词汇复现 语境串记
高效课堂 考点突破
多维演练 素养提升
第一部分
第二部分
第三部分
重难考点
拾遗考点
A
B
课时作业8
第五部分
基础默测
第四部分
默写达标
基础检测
A
B
词汇复现 语境串记
第
分
部
一
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
Yesterday I saw a poster about illegal hunting, which immediately stirred up strong emotions in me. Many species are dying out at an 1.alarming rate due to human activities. About three species become 2.extinct every hour on average. To make more profits，some people shoot masses of whales，sharks and deer for their meat，fur or skin. Kangaroos，koalas and dolphins are 3.reduced to endangered species because their habitats are threatened. However，the authorities are aware of what should be done and effective 4.measures are being taken to preserve wildlife. Volunteers set up nature 5.reserves on the plain，and watch over them day and night to keep them from being 6.attacked.Gradually，they make progress and the antelope population has 7.recovered.Some species are removed from the endangered species list. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
extinct；measure；recover；reduce；alarm；attack；reserve
alarming
extinct
reduced
measures
reserves
attacked
recovered
高效课堂 考点突破
第
分
部
二
1 alarm vt. 使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 n. 恐慌；警报；警报器(→alarming
adj.惊人的；使人惊恐的→alarmed adj. 惊恐的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空/选词填空
①She jumped up in alarm when she heard the window shatter in the middle of the night.
②He was alarmed to find (find) his house's front door wide open when he returned home.
③She was alarmed at/by the news of the sudden hurricane approaching the coast.
④The alarming rate at which species are becoming extinct emphasizes the need for conservation efforts.(alarming/alarmed)
重难考点
in
to find
at/by
alarming
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤她的突然昏倒让房间里的每个人都感到惊恐，他们迅速呼叫医疗援助。
Her sudden faint alarmed everyone in the room, and they quickly called for medical assistance.(情感、动作描写)
alarmed everyone in the room,
(1)in alarm 惊恐地
ring/sound the alarm 敲警钟；吹警报号
(2)be alarmed at/by... 对……惊慌
be alarmed to do... 对做……感到恐慌
[语料积累] ①the alarming rate
惊人的速度
②the alarming rise
惊人的上升
③feel alarmed(心理描写)
感到惊恐
④alarmed expression(神情描写)
惊恐的表情
⑤Environmentalists are sounding the alarm about the rapid deforestation and its impact on our planet.(演讲稿)
环保人士正在对快速的森林砍伐及其对我们星球的影响发出警告。
2 aware adj.有……意识的；知道；发觉(→awareness n．意识；认识)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①World Oceans Day，falling on June 8th，is aimed at raising awareness (aware) of ocean conservation.
[能力提升]——微写作
②我呼吁政府发起更多的环保运动以唤起人们过低碳生活的意识。
I appeal to the government to launch more environment friendly campaigns to arouse people's awareness of living a low carbon life．(倡议书)
awareness
arouse
people's awareness of living a low carbon life
(1)be/become aware of sth./that...
知道，明白……；意识到……
(2)arouse/improve/strengthen one's awareness of... 唤起/提高/增强某人的……意识
[语料积累] Aware of all the people staring at me，I was so nervous that I was sweating all over.(心理描写)
意识到所有人都在盯着我，我如此紧张以至于浑身冒汗。
3 average n．平均数；平均水平 adj.平均的；正常的；普通的
v．计算出……的平均数
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①On the average, each student in our class spends about two hours on homework every night.
②After collecting all the test scores, the teacher decided to average out the numbers.
[能力提升]——微写作
③他学习刻苦，成绩在班里高于平均水平。
He works hard and his grade is above average in his class.(人物介绍)
④所有学生每周上两节体育课，每天平均跑20分钟。
All students have two PE classes a week and run for an average of 20 minutes every day.(校园生活)
On
out
above average
an average of 20 minutes
(1)an average of 平均有(后跟数词)
(2)on (the) average 平均起来
above/below average 平均水平以上/以下
up to average 达到一般水准
(3)average out 算出平均数
[语料积累] During the math test, Jack scored up to average, which made him feel satisfied because he had studied hard all week to improve his grades.(人物描写)
在数学考试中，杰克达到了平均水平，这让他感到满意，因为他整个星期都在努力学习以提高成绩。
4 concern vt.涉及；让……担忧；与……有关 n．担心；忧虑；关心；(利害)
关系(→concerned adj.担心的；关切的；感兴趣的；有关的；参与的
→concerning prep.关于；涉及)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The authorities concerned are deeply concerned about the issue concerning education reform.(concern)
②The meeting was concerned with reforms and everyone present was concerned for/about their own interests.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
③In my opinion, we must get fully prepared and practice hard in order to perform well in the match. As far as I'm concerned
concerned
concerned
concerning
with
for/about
As far as I'm concerned
(1)as far as...be concerned 就……而言
be concerned about/for 对……担心/关心
be concerned with 与……有关
(2)show/express concern for/about
对……表示关心
[语料积累] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)His smile gave way to a look of concern. An embarrassing silence fell between us.(神情、情景描写)
他的笑容变成了担心的表情。我们之间出现了尴尬的沉默。
5 adapt vi.适应 vt.使适应；使适合；改编；改写(→adaptable adj.适应性强的；
能适应的→adaptation n．改编本；改写本；适应)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①It is a TV adaptation (adapt) of the Chinese literary classic，Dream of the Red Chamber，which is performed by a group of children aged 6 to 12.
[能力提升]——微写作
②这部著名小说被改编成了舞台剧，以生动的表演将角色栩栩如生地呈现出来。
The famous novel was adapted for the stage, bringing the characters to life in a vivid performance.(文学评论)
③我真的希望你能尽快适应新学校，过上愉快的生活。
I do hope that you can adapt (yourself) to the new school as soon as possible and lead a happy life.(表达祝愿)
adaptation
was adapted for
you can adapt (yourself) to the new school as soon as possible
adapt (oneself) to 使……适应于
adapt sth.from 根据……改编某物
be adapted for 为……而改写、改编
[语料积累] ①more flexible and adaptable to change
更灵活且更能适应变化
②(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)I am writing to ask you to help us with our English short play which is adapted from our English text.(求助信)
我写信请求您就我们的英语短剧给予我们帮助，该短剧改编自我们的英语课文。
6 measure vt.测量；度量；估量 linking verb (指尺寸、长短、数量等)
量度为…… n．措施；方法
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The room measuring (measure) five meters across is comfortable to live in.
[能力提升]——微写作
②越来越多的人开始意识到，教育不应该仅仅以考试成绩来衡量。
More and more people begin to be aware that education should not be measured only by examination results.(现象介绍)
③拿着为我量身定做的裙子，我扑进妈妈的怀里，幸福的泪水涌了出来。
Holding the skirt made to my measure，I threw myself into my mother's arms，tears of happiness welling up in my eyes.(动作、情感描写)
measuring
should not be measured only by
made to my measure
(1)measure...by... 用……来度量……
(2)make...to sb.'s measure 给某人量身定做……
take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
[语料积累] (2024·北京卷)China has also taken active measures to protect the environment and promote sustainable development.(环境保护)
中国还积极采取措施保护环境，促进可持续发展。
[名师指津] ①measure表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。
②measure表示“有……长(宽、高等)”时，是系动词，后跟测量的结果，不用于被动语态及进行时态。
7 remind vt.提醒；使想起
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The Spring Festival is one of the most important traditional festivals in China, which always reminds us of the family reunion.
[能力提升]——一句多译
②这张海报提醒我们必须立即采取措施保护濒临灭绝的生物。
→The poster reminds us that we must take immediate measures to protect endangered creatures．(remind sb.that...)
→The poster reminds us to take immediate measures to protect endangered creatures．(remind sb.to do sth.)
of
reminds us that we must take immediate measures
reminds us to take immediate measures
remind sb.of sb./sth. 使某人想起(类似的人或物)
remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb.that... 提醒某人……
[语料积累] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)It reminded me of the importance of observing and capturing moments of beauty in our surroundings.(活动介绍)
这让我想起了在我们周围观察和捕捉美好时刻的重要性。
[名师指津] “v.＋sb.＋of sth.”短语还有：cure sb.of sth.治好某人的病；accuse sb.of sth.控告某人某事；inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事；convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事。
8 intend vi.& vt.打算；计划；想要(→intention n．用意；目的；意图)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①My parents had intended (intend) to buy a new truck but couldn't afford it.
②The grammar book which is intended (intend) for English beginners is extremely popular.
[能力提升]——一句多译
③我们学校组织了一场五公里的越野跑比赛，目的是增强我们的体力和脑力。
→Our school organized a five kilometer cross country running race with the intention of improving our physical and mental strength．(intention)
→Our school organized a five kilometer cross country running race，which was intended to improve our physical and mental strength．(定语从句)
had intended
is intended
with the intention of
improving our physical and mental strength
which was
intended to improve our physical and mental strength
(1)intend doing/to do sth. 打算做某事，计划做某事
intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth. (＝intended to have done sth.) 本打算做某事(但事实上没做)
be intended for 专门为……准备/打算的；专为……而设计的
be intended to do sth. 打算做某事
(2)with the intention of 目的是……
[语料积累] Mrs Thompson intends her son to apply to several universities overseas to broaden his academic and cultural horizons.(人物描写)
汤普森太太打算让她的儿子申请几所海外大学，以拓宽他的学术和文化视野。
9 exist vi.存在；生存(→existence n．存在；生存→existing adj.目前的；现存的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The garden came into existence (exist) through the efforts of local residents.
[能力提升]——微写作
②(2023·浙江1月卷)我被世界上存在的植物种类的多样性所震撼。
I was struck by the variety of plants that exist in our world．(活动介绍)
③我们的生活有起有落，但无论发生什么，我们都可以依靠爱和希望生活。
There exist ups and downs in our life，but whatever happens，we can always exist on love and hope．(主旨升华)
existence
exist in our world
There exist ups and downs in our life
exist on
love and hope
(1)exist in＝lie in/consist in 存在于……
exist on＝live on 靠……生存/存活
There exist(s)... 某地有……；存在……
(2)come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在
[语料积累] ①continue to exist for future generations(环保)
为后代继续存在
②Despite the existing challenges, the team remains optimistic about their project's success.(心理描写)
尽管面临现有的挑战，该团队仍然对他们项目的成功保持乐观。
10 reduce vt. 减少(→reduction n．减少；缩小；降低)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Thanks to the reduction (reduce) in pollution, we can see the blue sky and breathe the fresh air now.
②There is every prospect of closing the business if the price is reduced by 3%．
[能力提升]——句型转换
③When he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, tears came into his eyes.
→When he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops，he was reduced to tears．,
reduction
by
he was reduced to tears
(1)reduce to... 减少到/降低到……
reduce by... 减少了/降低了……
(2)rise/increase to... 增加到……
rise/increase by... 增加了……
(3)be reduced to (doing) sth.
使……沦为(做)……
[语料积累] One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about your feeling with someone you trust.(建议信)
减少压力最有效的方法之一是与你信任的人谈谈你的感受。
11 die out (动植物)灭亡；(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失；(火)熄灭
[基础检测]——用die的相关短语填空
①Now I am dying for the precious opportunity to join the school basketball club.
②After the announcement, the initial excitement in the room slowly died down.
③Due to a mysterious disease, the fish in the lake began to die off one by one.
[能力提升]——微写作
④随着生存环境变得越来越糟，很多物种正在绝迹。
With the living environment becoming worse and worse，many species are dying out．(演讲稿)
⑤得知你非常想参观北京，我愿意当你的导游。
Learning that you are dying to visit Beijing，I am willing to act as your tourist guide.(告知信)
dying for
died down
die off
are dying
out
Learning that you are dying to visit Beijing
(1)die of/from 死于
die away (声音、风、光等)渐渐消失
die down (兴奋、火等)渐弱，渐息
die off 相继死去
(2)be dying for sth. 渴望得到某物
be dying to do sth. 渴望去做某事
[语料积累] ①The sounds slowly died away, leaving only silence.(环境描写)
声音慢慢消失，只剩下寂静。
②Many species are in danger of dying out due to habitat destruction and climate change.(演讲稿)
由于栖息地被破坏和气候变化，许多物种正面临灭绝的危险。
12 句型公式：This is why... 这就是……的原因
(教材原句)This is why we're here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.
这就是我们来到这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Seen from space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy one percent of its surface is covered by water.
②That's why more and more people are interested in the Tang Dynasty.
[能力提升]——微写作
③我不能信守诺言的原因是我要去机场为我叔叔送行。
The reason why I can't keep my word is that I am going to the airport to see my uncle off.(道歉信)
because
why
The reason why I can't keep my word is that
(1)This/That/It is because...
“这/那是因为……”，because引导表语从句。
(2)The reason why...is/was that...
“……的原因是……”，why引导定语从句并在从句中作状语；that引导表语从句。
[语料积累] Ten years' hard work！That's why I look so old now.(人物描写)
十年辛苦的劳动！那就是为什么我现在看起来如此苍老的原因。
13 句型公式：“only＋状语”位于句首引起的部分倒装
(教材原句)Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
[能力提升]——微写作/句型转换
①只有来到中国，你才能真正体验中国的饮食文化。
Only when/if you come to China can you truly experience Chinese food culture.(建议信)
②直到那时我才发现，正是凭借勇敢和决心我们才能克服一切困难。
Only then did I find that it was with bravery and determination that we could conquer all the difficulties.(主旨升华)
Only when/if you come to China can you
Only then did I find
③You will get the hang of the language and its essence only by emerging yourself in Chinese conditions.
→Only by emerging yourself in Chinese conditions will you get the hang of the language and its essence．(变为倒装句)
Only by emerging yourself in Chinese conditions will you get the hang of the language
and its essence
在英语句子中，为了表示强调，把“only＋状语(副词/介词短语/状语从句)”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装形式，即“Only＋状语＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语＋其他”。
[语料积累] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)From then on, I would try my best to help others like Gunter. Only in this way could more and more people help each other in the future.(主旨升华)
从那时起，我会尽我最大的努力去帮助别人，就像冈特一样。只有这样，将来才能有越来越多的人互相帮助。
[名师指津] 当only修饰状语不位于句首或位于句首的only修饰的不是状语，而是主语时，均不倒装。
拾遗考点
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．We should observe the rules to live in harmony with nature and make progress in sustainability.
2．Why on earth did he leave immediately after the meeting without saying a word
3．In the dark, he could barely make out the figure he was searching for．
4．Climate change threatens wildlife, and we must watch over their habitats carefully.
make progress in
on earth
make out
searching for
watch over
1．on earth (放在疑问词之后表示强调)究竟；到底
2．make progress in 在……方面取得进步
3．make out 看清；听清；分清
4．watch over 保护；照管；监督
5．search for 搜索；查找
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——名词后缀 ure
名词后缀 ure表示行为、状态或结果等。例如本单元中的单词：pressure (n. 压力；要求)是由动词press(压)＋后缀 ure转化而来。名词后缀 ure的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．Failure is often a part of learning, and it teaches us valuable lessons that help us grow stronger. n. 失败
2．Long exposure to the sun without protection can cause skin damage, so it's important to wear sunscreen.n. 暴露
3．She takes great pleasure in reading books on a quiet afternoon, enjoying the peace it brings.n. 快乐；乐趣
4．The mixture of bright colors in the painting created a vibrant and lively scene.
n. 混合
5．Please sign your name on the dotted line to provide your signature and complete the contract.n. 签名
n. 失败
n. 暴露
n. 快乐；乐趣
n. 混合
n. 签名
多维演练 素养提升
第
分
部
三
板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．observe
(1)(2023·浙江1月卷)We then went on a natural walk to observe and collect samples of different plants.A
(2)Although many of us observe Father's Day, we may not know the history behind this tradition.B
(3)Walking the dog, she observed a man walking on the opposite side of the way.D
(4)Children should learn above all how to observe good manners at table.C
A.vt.观察 B．vt.庆祝 C．vt.遵守 D．vt.看到
A
B
D
C
2．due
(1)The boat is due to arrive at 12：00，so remember to pick me up on time.C
(2)Thank you for delivering my goods here.Ten dollars is due to you.A
(3)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.B
(4)To his annoyance，his request wasn't given due consideration.D
A.adj.应支付的 B．adj.到期的 C．adj.预计的 D．adj.适当的；恰当的
C
A
B
D
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．(2021·浙江6月卷)That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.
vt. 评价
[点拨]rate (熟义) n. 速度；(比)率 vt. 划分等级。此处意为“评价”。
2．(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student.
vt. 抨击
[点拨]attack (熟义) n．， vi. & vt. 攻击。此处意为“抨击”。
vt. 评价
vt. 抨击
3．(1)(2021·浙江6月卷)Summers in the mid 70s were spent at home shooting baskets, hitting a baseball, or throwing a football, preparing for my future as a quarterback on a football team.
v. 射门；投球
(2)(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)Pulling up to the building, Grant saw flames (火焰) shooting out of a second floor window.
v. 喷出，喷射
(3)(2023·全国乙卷)To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10 minute time frame.
v. 拍摄，拍照
[点拨]shoot (熟义) v．(shot，shot) 射杀；射伤；发射。此处(1)意为“射门；投球”，(2)意为“喷出，喷射”，(3)意为“拍摄，拍照”。
v. 射门；投球
v. 喷出，喷射
v. 拍摄，拍照
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配/单元语法(现在进行时的被动语态)
1．He was concerned (concern) about his friend's health, thinking about it constantly.
2．We must take immediate and effective measures to conserve (conserve) water in our daily lives.
3．The teacher intends students to complete (complete) their projects by Friday, and the scores will be averaged (average)．
4．The new community center came into existence (exist) last year, providing many services to residents.
5．She is fully aware of the importance of regular exercise for maintaining good health.
6．They are friends forever，so nothing can threaten (threat) their relationship which many people consider harmonious.
was concerned
to conserve
to complete
be averaged
existence
of
threaten
7．On average，each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck.
8．In my opinion，the more you take part in after class activities，the sooner you will adapt to the new environment.
9．The government has taken a series of measures to protect wild animals from extinction (extinct)．
10．A new gym is being built (build) now behind our school, and everyone is excited to use it for sports.
On
to
extinction
is being built
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．这道数学题对我来说很难理解。
It is difficult for me to understand this math problem．
2．天气不好，这就是为什么运动会被推迟了。
The weather was bad; this is why the sports meeting was put off．
3．说到体育运动，我最喜欢的是篮球。
When it comes to sports, my favorite is basketball．(人物介绍)
4．她迫不及待地想在这个周末去游乐园。
She is dying to visit the amusement park this weekend．(心理描写)
5．他提醒朋友按时提交项目。
He reminded his friend to submit the project on time．(动作描写)
It is difficult for me to understand this math problem
The weather was bad; this is why the sports meeting was put off
When it comes to sports, my favorite is basketball
She is dying to visit the amusement park this weekend
He reminded his friend to submit the project on time
6．I understood the lesson fully only when the teacher explained it again.(动作描写)
→Only when the teacher explained it again did I understand the lesson fully．(变为倒装句)
Only when the teacher explained it again did I understand the lesson fully
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
请运用本单元所学，根据以下信息写一篇保护华南虎的英文海报。内容包括：
1．物种：华南虎(South China Tiger)(世界濒危动物之一)；
2．栖息地：中国；
3．现有的数目：野生数量为0；有约200只华南虎生活在保护区；
4．濒危的原因：栖息地的减少；人类为了获取它们的皮和骨对其进行捕杀；
5．保护措施：拒绝购买虎制品。
South China Tiger Protection
The South China Tiger, whose habitat is in China, 1.is one of the most endangered animals in the world (是世界上最濒危的动物之一). There are about 200 South China Tigers living in the reserve with none in the wild. The reduction of their habitats and people's hunting for their fur and bones 2.have left them in danger (使它们处于危险中). They need a safe environment to survive. So 3.it is high time that we took action to protect them (到了我们采取行动保护它们的时候了；it is high time that...). Don't buy any tiger products or we will only see them in the museums in the near future.
is one of the most endangered
animals in the world
have left them in danger
it is high time that we took action to protect them
维度二 读后续写微技能8——情感细节描写：后悔、内疚与自责
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
1．regret v．& n．懊悔，惋惜
2．regretful adj. 后悔的，遗憾的
3．guilt n. 内疚
4．guilty adj. 内疚的
5．guiltily adv. 内疚地
6．regretful tears 遗憾的泪水
7．feel extremely guilty 感到非常内疚
8．drown in 沉浸在……之中
9．stream down one's cheeks 顺着某人的面颊流下来
10．feel one's cheeks hot with embarrassment and guilt 感到脸颊因尴尬和内疚而发热
11．pay the price 付出代价
12．never let this happen again 再也不让这种事发生
13．admit one's mistake 承认错误
14．overcome one's feelings of guilt 克服内疚感
15．to one's great regret/much to one's regret 令某人深感遗憾的是
16．have guilt written all over one's face 某人满脸内疚
17．a guilty look on one's face 某人脸上露出惭愧的表情
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．我站在那里，眼里含着遗憾的泪水。
I stood there, with regretful tears in my eyes．(with复合结构)
2．听到这个坏消息，她感到非常内疚。
On hearing the bad news, she felt extremely guilty．
3．他沉浸在愧疚之中，不知所措，不知道下一步该怎么办。
Drowning in feelings of guilt, he was at a loss, not knowing what to do next．(非谓语动词)
with regretful tears in my eyes
felt extremely guilty
Drowning in feelings of guilt,
4．绝望而无助的珍妮特跪了下来，后悔的泪水顺着她的面颊流了下来。
Desperate and helpless, Janet knelt down, tears of regret streaming down her cheeks.(独立主格结构)
5．心里充满了内疚和悔恨，我站起来，冲出去向她道歉。
With guilt and regret flowing in my mind, I rose to my feet, rushed out and apologised to her.(with复合结构)
tears of regret streaming down her
cheeks
With guilt and regret flowing in my mind,
任务2 语段表达
Julia regretted not studying for the test as soon as she saw the first question. 1.She felt her cheeks hot with embarrassment and guilt (她感到脸颊因尴尬和内疚而发热). Weeks of delay had led to this moment, and now 2.she was paying the price(她正在付出代价). In the silent classroom, every ticking second of the clock seemed to scold her for her laziness. As she struggled to recall the answers, she promised herself that she would 3.never let this happen again (再也不让这种事发生). After the test, Julia approached her teacher to 4.admit her mistake (承认自己的错误) and ask for advice on how to improve. The conversation was tough but necessary, marking the first step toward changing her habits and 5.overcoming her feelings of guilt (克服内疚感)．
She felt
her cheeks hot with embarrassment and guilt
she was paying the price
never let this
happen again
admit
her mistake
overcoming
her feelings of guilt
基础默测
第
分
部
四
默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．prince n. 王子；王孙；亲王
2．whale n. 鲸
3．antelope n. 羚；羚类动物
4．poster n. 海报
5．species n. 物种
6．shark n. 鲨鱼
7．herd n. 牧群；兽群
8．fur n. 毛(皮)；毛皮衣服
9．deer n. 鹿
10．insect n. 昆虫
王子；王孙；亲王
鲸
羚；羚类动物
海报
物种
鲨鱼
牧群；兽群
毛(皮)；毛皮衣服
鹿
昆虫
二、核心单词写得准
1．shoot vt. & vi. 射杀；射伤；发射
2．profit n. 利润；利益
3．measure n. 措施；方法 vt. 测量；度量；估量
4．authority n. 官方；当权；权威
5．reserve n. (动植物)保护区；储藏(量) vt. 预订；预留；保留
6．immediately adv. 立刻
7．average n. 平均数；平均水平 adj. 平均的；正常的；普通的
8．attack n．，vi. & vt. 攻击；抨击
9．goods n. 商品；货物
10．creature n. 生物；动物
11．skin n. 皮；皮肤
shoot
profit
measure
authority
reserve
immediately
average
attack
goods
creature
skin
三、拓展单词通变化
1．legal adj. 合法的；法律的→illegal adj. 不合法的；非法的→illegally adv. 不合法地；非法地
2．aware adj. 知道；发觉；有……意识的→awareness n. 意识→unaware adj. 未发觉的；不知道的
3．danger n. 危险→endanger vt. 使遭受危险；危害→endangered adj. 濒危的→dangerous adj. 危险的
4．observe vt. 观察(到)；注视；遵守→observation n. 观察
5．effect n. 效果；影响→effective adj. 有效的；生效的→affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭
6．alarm vt. 使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 n. 恐慌；警报；警报器→alarming adj. 惊人的；使人惊恐的→alarmed adj. 惊恐的；受惊的
legal
illegal
illegally
aware
awareness
unaware
danger
endanger
endangered
dangerous
observe
observation
effect
effective
affect
alarm
alarming
alarmed
7．remove vt. 去除；移开；脱去→removal n. 移走；消除
8．reduce vt. 减少→reduction n. 缩减；减少
9．usual adj. 常见的，寻常的→unusual adj. 特别的；不寻常的
remove
removal
reduce
reduction
usual
unusual
四、重点词块明搭配
1．on earth (放在疑问词之后表示强调)究竟；到底
2．die out 灭亡；逐渐消失
3．on average 平均
4．make progress 取得进步
5．concerned about 对……关切的；为……担忧的
6．remind sb.of sb./sth. 使某人想起(类似的人或物)
7．aware of 意识到；知道
8．adapt to 适应
9．under pressure 在压力下；承受压力
10．make out 看清；听清；分清
on earth
die out
on average
make progress
concerned about
使某人想起(类似的人或物)
意识到；知道
适应
在压力下；承受压力
看清；听清；分清
五、教材佳句会运用
1．大象需要很大的生活空间，因此对它们来说适应这些变化很难。(It＋be＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do…)
Elephants need large living spaces, so it's difficult for them to adapt to the changes．
2．这就是我们来到这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。(This is why…)
This is why we're here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.
3．只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。(“only＋状语”置于句首的部分倒装)
Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
it's difficult for them to adapt to the changes
This is why we're here
Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we
4．当涉及野生动物保护时，所有物种——好的、坏的和丑的——都应该得到平等的对待。(When it comes to…)
When it comes to wildlife protection，all species—the good，the bad，and the ugly—should be treated equally.
When it comes to wildlife protection
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Jane is an average (普通的) student in terms of academic performance, but she excels in sports.
2．With this advanced device, you can measure (测量) the area of a room with just one click.
3．Hurry up and reserve (预订) your seat for the grand musical show happening next month!
4．Our store offers a wide variety of goods (商品) at reasonable prices, ensuring customer satisfaction.
5．The blue whale is the largest creature (动物) on Earth, weighing as much as 200 tons.
average
measure
reserve
goods
creature
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Many local residents volunteered to beautify (beauty) the neighborhood park by planting flowers and cleaning up litter.
2．Living in a harmonious (harmony) community where neighbors help and support each other can bring a lot of happiness.
3．It was not my intention (intend) to upset you; I apologize if my words came out wrong.
4．Many national parks are established to protect endangered animals from extinction (extinct)．
5．After a major surgery, it's essential to give your body enough rest for a swift recovery (recover)．
beautify
harmonious
intention
extinction
recovery
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．I have great trouble making out why he has done such a foolish thing.
2．Due to improper human activities，many species are quickly dying out．
3．I have been looking forward to making progress in my mathematics with my great efforts.
4．The good thing about children is that they adapt to new environments easily.
5．Reminded of the important meeting to be held in ten minutes，I hurried to the conference room.
die out；make progress；adapt to；make out；remind…of…
making out
dying out
making progress
adapt to
Reminded of
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．这就是我们在日常生活中应该多读经典作品的原因。(This is why…)
This is why we should read more classics in our daily life.
2．只有当我离开家时，我才意识到家人对我来说有多么重要。(“only＋状语”位于句首的部分倒装)
Only when I left home did I realize how important my family were to me．
3．(2022·全国乙卷)当谈到在课外学英语时，不同的学生持有不同的观点。(when it comes to…)
When it comes to learning English beyond the classroom，different students have different opinions.
This is why we should read more classics
did I realize how important my family were to me
When it comes to learning English beyond the classroom
课时作业8
第
分
部
五
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2024·江苏南通高三模拟)
The science of why insects gather around lights at night has never been nailed down．Popular theories propose that moths and other insects navigate (导航) by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight, or that the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger.Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer: contrary to current theories, insects are not attracted to light from far away, but become trapped if they fly close to an artificial light source.
According to Dr Sam Fabian, study co author and Imperial College London entomologist, moths and many other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt (倾斜) their backs to wherever is brightest.For hundreds of millions of years, this was the sky rather than the ground.The trick told insects which way was up and ensured they flew level.But then came artificial lighting.Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps.This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly, the insects trapped by their evolution.
Fabian and his colleagues filmed insect flight paths around lights in the lab.The videos reveal that time and again, moths and dragonflies turned their backs to artificial lights, which appeared to greatly change their flight paths.If the light is above them, they might start orbiting it, but if it's behind them, they start tilting backwards and end up flying in circles or diving toward the ground.
Researchers have long warned that light pollution is a big driving force in the dramatic decline in insect populations.Moths and other insects that become trapped around lamps become easily caught by bats.The artificial lighting can also fool them into thinking it is daytime, causing them to bed down and skip a night's feeding.
There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessons from the research.“What this tells us is that the direction of artificial light matters.Could we change lighting environments to not trap insects For we're facing a massive decline in insects around the world, and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be leading to this decline，” Fabian said.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究。研究发现昆虫被进化困住，无休止地围绕人工照明转，这启示我们可以改变人造光的方向，以更好地保护昆虫。
1．What do the underlined words “nailed down” in paragraph 1 mean？( )
A．Popularized widely.
B．Discussed openly.
C．Defined accurately.
D．Explored academically.
解析：词句猜测题。根据画线短语下文“Popular theories…a more convincing answer”可知，对于昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围这一问题没有标准答案，故可推知画线短语所在句意为“昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围，这一科学问题从未得到明确解释”，故推测画线短语nailed down意为“明确解释”，与Defined accurately意义相近。故选C。
C
2．Fabian's study found that moths circle around the lamps endlessly because ．( )
A．they can't keep their balance
B．they use improper flight attitude
C．they lose track of which way is up
D．they are attracted to lights from far away
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，把背部倾向亮处会让昆虫辨别向上的方向，人工照明的出现让飞蛾认为灯光的方向是“上”，即它们失去了分辨哪个方向是“上”的能力，这导致它们无休止地绕着灯转。故选C。
C
3．What is the significance of the research finding？( )
A．It may lead to better conservation of insects.
B．Natural enemies of insects will be got rid of.
C．Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night.
D.It may raise concerns for insects' eating behavior.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，这项研究结果的意义是告诉我们可以改变人造光的方向，使昆虫不被困住，从而更好地保护昆虫。故选A。
A
4．What is the text mainly about？( )
A．Why insects lose their ability to fly at night.
B．Why artificial light and evolution trap insects.
C．How artificial light impacts insect populations.
D．How insects evolved distinct strategies of flight.
解析：主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究。研究发现昆虫被进化困住，无休止地围绕人工照明转，这启示我们可以改变人造光的方向，以更好地保护昆虫。所以B项“为什么人造光和进化会困住昆虫”符合文章大意。故选B。
B
(2024·山东济宁高三模拟)
In 2023, the Nature Conservancy launched two 5 year pilot projects at working ranches (牧场) in Kansas and New Mexico to determine if virtual fences enable land managers to better perform regenerative management practices and to assess potential benefits for biodiversity and for ranchers' bottom lines, as well as impacts on soil carbon storage.
Applauded by the U．S.Department of Agriculture as a climate adaption strategy, virtual fencing is an innovative technology that enables ranchers to use a smartphone or Web app to remotely monitor and control where and when cattle graze (吃草)．Virtual fences can reduce the need for physical fences, which require significant time, expense and labor to maintain.Physical fences also limit land managers in their ability to change grazing boundaries to adapt to seasonal changes in vegetation or to exclude cattle from ecologically sensitive areas.
The cows are outfitted with battery operated, GPS enabled collars that send out a radio frequency to communicate with reception towers, creating virtual grazing boundaries set by a rancher.When a cow approaches the edge of the virtual boundary, the collar produces a sound signaling it to turn around.If the cow proceeds to cross the boundary, it receives a momentary mild shock, signaling that it's gone too far and should rejoin its group.
Grasslands are the least protected habitat on earth and one of the most effective carbon sinks, storing up to 20% of the world's soil organic carbon.Unfortunately, grasslands are continuing to rapidly disappear for several reasons.For ecological health, most grassland ecosystems need periods of disturbance to aerate (使透气) the soil, stimulate plant growth and recycle nutrients into the soil.Ranchers complete this disturbance rest cycle by managing the timing, location, herd size and intensity of grazing activities, all of which can be time consuming and painstaking.
“Currently, the costs of virtual fencing are still high, but in the long run it can help land managers better carry out management practices that regenerate land health, help address climate change and biodiversity loss，” said William Burnidge, director of the Nature Conservancy.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在2023年，美国自然保护协会在堪萨斯州和新墨西哥州的牧场推出了两个为期5年的虚拟围栏试点项目，随后说明了虚拟牧场的工作原理，及其对牧场和管理的好处，最后又展望了该项目的前景。
5．What's stressed concerning virtual fencing in paragraph 2？( )
A．Its smart design.
B．Its major advantages.
C．Its wide application.
D．Its working principles.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要说的是虚拟围栏的优势。故选B项。
B
6．What does the mild shock indicate to the cow？( )
A．It's time to return.
B．It's time to graze.
C．It's in danger.
D．It's in a wrong direction.
解析：细节理解题。 根据第三段中“If the cow proceeds…should rejoin its group.”可知，牛收到轻微电击的时候表明它应该返回了。故选A项。
A
7．What's unavoidable for ranchers to complete the disturbance rest cycle？( )
A．Intense efforts.
B．Polluted soil.
C．Financial failure.
D．Ecological imbalance.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“For ecological health…be time consuming and painstaking.”可知，要完成这个周期需要大量的努力。故选A项。
A
8．What's Mr Burnidge's attitude to virtual fencing？( )
A．Intolerant. B．Objective.
C．Doubtful. D．Conservative.
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Currently, the costs of virtual fencing…help address climate change and biodiversity loss”可知，Mr Burnidge既提到了虚拟牧场的优点，还提到了它费用高昂的缺点，所以他对该项目的态度是客观的。故选B项。
B
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
(2024·湖南衡阳高三模拟)
In the history of Chinese painting, the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties was a very important period.Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was 1 figure that had to be mentioned during this period.
Gu Kaizhi was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu province in the year 348 and 2 (occupy) an important place in the history of Chinese literature.He was also a talented poet and calligrapher.Meanwhile, 3 (extreme) uninterested in fame and wealth, he made his living on the philosophy of “being half sly (狡黠) and half silly” 4 was given the title of “three excellences”．
文章总览
As the first painter 5 (maintain) influence on the development of Chinese painting, Gu Kaizhi not only created the basic model of figure painting, leaving 6 his most famous work, Nymph of the Luo River (《洛神赋图》), but also proposed the principles of painting 7 influence has lasted a thousand years, such as “realizing perfection through empathy”and “exposing spirit with form”．
The story of Nymph of the Luo River 8 (root) in historical records and the poetry of Cao Zhi, a prince and poet from the Three Kingdoms period.According to accounts, Cao Zhi wrote a poem called “Rhapsody of the Goddess of Luo” which described a goddess of extraordinary 9 (attractive)．
文章总览
Inspired by Cao Zhi's poem, Gu Kaizhi set out to illustrate the charming nymph.His painting exhibits the soul of the poem, 10 (display) the nymph's unique elegance and appealing charm.The work exemplifies Gu Kaizhi's skill in bringing literary inspiration to life through art.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了顾恺之在绘画、文学和哲学方面的成就和影响，以及他的作品《洛神赋图》的创作背景和艺术价值。
文章总览
In the history of Chinese painting, the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties was a very important period.Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was 1 figure that had to be mentioned during this period.
1． a
解析：考查冠词。句意：在这一时期，东晋画家顾恺之是一个不可忽视的人物。figure意为“人物”，为可数名词，句中用的单数，且表泛指，故用不定冠词修饰，figure的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a修饰。故填a。
答案分析
a
Gu Kaizhi was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu province in the year 348 and 2 (occupy) an important place in the history of Chinese literature.He was also a talented poet and calligrapher.Meanwhile, 3 (extreme) uninterested in fame and wealth, he made his living on the philosophy of “being half sly (狡黠) and half silly” 4 was given the title of “three excellences”．
2．occupied/occupies
解析：考查动词时态。句意：顾恺之于公元348年出生于江苏无锡，在中国文学史上占有重要地位。根据and可知，occupy和前文的was并列，作本句谓语，用一般过去时，也可以理解为现在在中国文学史上占有重要地位，用一般现在时。故填occupied/occupies。
答案分析
occupied/occupies
Gu Kaizhi was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu province in the year 348 and 2 (occupy) an important place in the history of Chinese literature.He was also a talented poet and calligrapher.Meanwhile, 3 (extreme) uninterested in fame and wealth, he made his living on the philosophy of “being half sly (狡黠) and half silly” 4 was given the title of “three excellences”．
3．extremely
解析：考查副词。句意：同时，他对名利极不感兴趣，以“痴黠各半”的哲学生活，并被授予“三绝”称号。空处修饰空后的形容词，用副词。故填extremely。
答案分析
extremely
Gu Kaizhi was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu province in the year 348 and 2 (occupy) an important place in the history of Chinese literature.He was also a talented poet and calligrapher.Meanwhile, 3 (extreme) uninterested in fame and wealth, he made his living on the philosophy of “being half sly (狡黠) and half silly” 4 was given the title of “three excellences”．
4．and
解析：考查连词。句意同上。分析句子成分可知，空处前后文为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。
答案分析
and
As the first painter 5 (maintain) influence on the development of Chinese painting, Gu Kaizhi not only created the basic model of figure painting, leaving 6 his most famous work, Nymph of the Luo River (《洛神赋图》), but also proposed the principles of painting 7 influence has lasted a thousand years, such as “realizing perfection through empathy”and “exposing spirit with form”．
5．to maintain
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：顾恺之是中国绘画发展中第一个影响深远的画家，他不仅开创了人物画的基本模式，留下了他最著名的作品《洛神赋图》，而且还提出了“迁想妙得”、“以形写神”等影响千年的绘画原则。此处是固定搭配the first…to do sth.，意为“第一个做某事的人”，故用不定式作后置定语。故填to maintain。
答案分析
to maintain
As the first painter 5 (maintain) influence on the development of Chinese painting, Gu Kaizhi not only created the basic model of figure painting, leaving 6 his most famous work, Nymph of the Luo River (《洛神赋图》), but also proposed the principles of painting 7 influence has lasted a thousand years, such as “realizing perfection through empathy”and “exposing spirit with form”．
6．behind
解析：考查介词。句意同上。此处是固定搭配leave behind，意为“留下”。故填behind。
答案分析
behind
As the first painter 5 (maintain) influence on the development of Chinese painting, Gu Kaizhi not only created the basic model of figure painting, leaving 6 his most famous work, Nymph of the Luo River (《洛神赋图》), but also proposed the principles of painting 7 influence has lasted a thousand years, such as “realizing perfection through empathy”and “exposing spirit with form”．
7．whose
解析：考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是principles of painting，在从句中作定语，用whose引导。故填whose。
答案分析
whose
The story of Nymph of the Luo River 8 (root) in historical records and the poetry of Cao Zhi, a prince and poet from the Three Kingdoms period.According to accounts, Cao Zhi wrote a poem called “Rhapsody of the Goddess of Luo” which described a goddess of extraordinary 9 (attractive)．
8．is rooted
解析：考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，root作本句谓语，和主语The story of Nymph of the Luo River之间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述的是事实，用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数。故填is rooted。
答案分析
is rooted
The story of Nymph of the Luo River 8 (root) in historical records and the poetry of Cao Zhi, a prince and poet from the Three Kingdoms period.According to accounts, Cao Zhi wrote a poem called “Rhapsody of the Goddess of Luo” which described a goddess of extraordinary 9 (attractive)．
9．attractiveness
解析：考查名词。句意：据记载，曹植写了一首名为《洛神赋》的诗，描述了一位魅力非凡的女神。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，用attractive的名词形式是attractiveness，表示“吸引力”，为不可数名词。故填attractiveness。
答案分析
attractiveness
Inspired by Cao Zhi's poem, Gu Kaizhi set out to illustrate the charming nymph.His painting exhibits the soul of the poem, 10 (display) the nymph's unique elegance and appealing charm.The work exemplifies Gu Kaizhi's skill in bringing literary inspiration to life through art.
10．displaying
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他的画展现了这首诗的灵魂，展现了女神独特的优雅和迷人的魅力。本句已有谓语动词exhibits，所以空处应用非谓语动词，display和其逻辑主语His painting之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填displaying。
答案分析
displaying
