必修第二册 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
approach；charge；fascinating；generous；greet；striking
When studying in the United Kingdom, I was no longer puzzled about when England got Wales, Scotland and Ireland joined to it or when the southern part of Ireland broke away from it. In England, there are many 1.fascinating places, so I had to keep my eyes open. In Ireland, I found myself fascinated by the landscape. It was such a feast for my eyes that I felt as if I were 2.approaching a gallery in which I was surrounded with beautiful pictures. Every day I was 3.greeted with the rolling mountains dotted with sheep and cattle, the roar of the ocean and the scent of flowers. I often had a sip of wine or beer in nearby pubs which 4.charged only a small amount of money for their service. Once, I talked about their customs with Irish people, and they were proud of it.They were 5.generous and shared with me a snack cooked with butter and honey and a mouth watering stew. The journey was so 6.striking that I'm eager to go there again.
提示：加底纹词汇为本单元复现词汇
1 puzzle vt.迷惑；使困惑 n．谜；智力游戏；疑问(→puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；→puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的)
[基础检测]——小语段训练/单句语法填空
①The mathematics problems were a puzzle to her. However, with great effort, she managed to puzzle out the correct answers. The satisfaction made her forget all the hours she had been puzzled (puzzle) about them.
②“She claimed she had never been to that place before，” said John, puzzled (puzzle)．
[能力提升]——微写作
③萨拉和朋友对这些线索苦苦思索，试图找出下一步往哪里走。
Sara and her friends puzzled over the clues, trying to figure out where to go next.(情景描写)
(1)puzzle over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索
puzzle sth.out 琢磨出……的答案
(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情
(3)be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解
[语料积累] (2021·天津3月卷)What puzzles Lily's friends is why she always has so many crazy ideas.(心理描写)
令莉莉的朋友们困惑的是，为什么她总是有如此多疯狂的想法。
[名师指津] puzzled修饰人或人的表情等； puzzling修饰事物。
2 belong vi. 应在(某处)；属于；适应(→belongings n. 所有物；财产)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Having sold most of his belongings (belong), the poet found his house nearly empty, with only a few books and a chair remaining.
②A tiger, with its striking orange coat, is a large, fierce animal，which belongs to the cat family.
[能力提升]——句型转换
③A tiger, with its striking orange coat, is a large, fierce animal belonging to the cat family．(用非谓语短语作定语改写句②)
(1)belong to 属于；归属；为……的一员
(2)a sense of belonging 归属感
[语料积累] It is because of your generous assistance that I soon developed a sense of belonging．(感谢信)
正是因为你的慷慨帮助，我很快就产生了归属感。
[名师指津] “belong to”中的to是介词，后接名词或代词宾格；不能用于被动语态和进行时态；可使用其现在分词形式作后置定语。
3 surround vt.包围；围绕(→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的→surroundings n．环境)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Surrounding yourself with people who will provide you with support can be very beneficial.
②During the holiday celebrations, the town square was surrounded by/with twinkling lights.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)我写信告诉你我们上周五在公园上的美术课。这是一次美妙的经历。我画了一个被树木环绕的宁静湖泊，有几只鸭子在平静地游动。
I'm writing to tell you about the art class we had in the park last Friday. It was a wonderful experience. I painted a quiet lake surrounded by/with trees, with a few ducks swimming peacefully.(活动介绍)
surround...with... 用……包围……
be surrounded by/with 被……包围
[语料积累] ①surround the school with green trees(地点描写)
学校绿树环绕
②The surrounding mountains provide a beautiful background, and many students enjoy hiking there on weekends.(环境描写)
周围的山脉提供了美丽的背景，许多学生喜欢在周末去那里徒步。
③Would you please offer me some beneficial advice on how to adapt to the unfamiliar surroundings？(求助信)
您可以给我一些关于如何适应陌生环境的有益的建议吗？
4 charge n．收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电 vi.(向……)冲
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The museum entry is free of charge every first Sunday of the month, so it's a great opportunity for families to explore new exhibits.
②The generous owner charging (charge) me nothing for the noodles，I felt a wave of warmth and gratitude welling up in my heart.
[能力提升]——微写作/一句多译
③恶狼张开血淋淋的嘴巴，跳起来扑向我，好像要把我吃掉似的。
The fierce wolf，opening its bloody mouth，sprang to its feet and charged at me as if to eat me up.(动作描写)
④丽莎负责组织活动。
→Lisa was in charge of organizing the activities.
→Lisa took charge of organizing the activities.
→Organizing the activities was in the charge of Lisa.
(1)charge sb.with (doing) sth.＝accuse sb.of (doing) sth. 指控某人犯……罪
charge sb.money for sth.
因某事/物收某人钱
charge at 向……发起冲锋，扑向
(2)free of charge＝for free 免费
in charge of 掌管(表状态)
take charge of 掌管(表动作)
in the charge of
被……掌管；由……负责
[语料积累] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I'm Li Hua, in charge of the English column titled “Talk and Talk” launched in the broadcasting station of our school.(人物介绍)
我是李华，负责我们学校广播电台推出的英语专栏“Talk and Talk”。
5 announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称(→announcement n. 通告；宣告→announcer n. 播音员；广播员)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①He announced his decision to retire to all his colleagues during the team meeting.
②The train announcer (announce) reminded passengers to keep their belongings with them.
[能力提升]——微写作
③晚饭时，爸爸宣布我们下个月要去度假。
During dinner, my dad made an announcement that we would be going on vacation next month.(情景描写)
(1)announce sth.to sb.(＝announce to sb.sth.)
向某人宣布某事It is/was announced that...
据宣布……
(2)make an announcement 宣布
[语料积累] Ladies and gentlemen, I have an important announcement to make.(通知)
女士们、先生们，我要发布一个重要的通告。
6 amount n．金额；数量vi.总计，共计；相当于，等于
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Yesterday large amounts of honey and butter were (be) used to make this kind of snack．
②A large amount of money was spent (spend) on the construction of the school last year.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2021·浙江6月卷)暑假期间我总共挣了300美元，这笔钱可以帮助养活我的家人。
The money I earned during the summer holiday amounted to 300 dollars，which could help support my family.(人物描写)
(1)the amount of... ……的数量
“大量/少量的”表达法：
a large/small amount of＋n.[U]＋v.(单数)
large/small amounts of＋n.[U]＋v.(复数)
(2)amount to 共计，总计；等于，相当于
[语料积累] Tears streamed down his face when he realized the amount of pain she had gone through.(情感描写)
当他意识到她所经历的痛苦时，眼泪顺着他的脸流了下来。
7 approach n．接近；方法；途径 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Our teacher employed a new approach to solving (solve) problems that were hard to work out.
②With the Spring Festival approaching (approach)，we could hardly contain our excitement.
[能力提升]——句型转换
③At the approach of the Spring Festival, we could hardly contain our excitement.(用介词短语改写②)
(1)an approach to (doing) sth.
(做)某事的方法/途径
at the approach of... 在快到……的时候
(2)with...approaching 在……快到的时候
[语料积累] (2023·浙江1月卷)There was the little bird，flapping her wings and approaching me.(动作描写)
那只小鸟拍打着翅膀向我靠近。
8 eager adj.渴望的；热切的(→eagerly adv.热心地；急切地→eagerness n．热切；渴望)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①He eagerly (eager) wanted to give a special present to Grandma，but he was short of money.
②Everyone is eager for success/to succeed，but success only belongs to those who are determined and persevering.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2024·浙江1月卷)一半兴奋，一半怀疑，伊娃走到他跟前，急切地想知道他夸奖她的原因。
Half excited, half doubtful, Eva came up to him and was eager to know the reason why he praised her.(动作、神情描写)
(1)be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
be eager for sth. 渴望得到某物
(2)with eagerness＝eagerly 热切地；急切地
hide one's eagerness 掩饰某人的渴望
[语料积累] ①eagerly participate in class discussions(活动介绍)
热切地参与课堂讨论
②When asked whether he wanted a gift for his birthday，the boy couldn't hide his eagerness．(心理描写)
当这个男孩被问及是否想要一个生日礼物的时候，他无法掩饰他的渴望。
9 crowd n. 人群；一群人； 民众 vt. 挤满；使……拥挤；靠近(→crowded adj.拥挤的；塞满的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①After the final whistle, the reporters crowded into the locker room, eager to interview the winning team.
②When the doors of the theater opened, the audience crowded in, eager to find the best seats for the show.
③With the Spring Festival around the corner, railway stations are/were crowded (crowd) with home returnees.
[能力提升]——微写作
④当我看到墙上的这张照片时，很多甜蜜的回忆纷纷涌上我的心头。
When I saw the picture on the wall, many sweet memories came crowding into my mind．(心理描写)
(1)a crowd of 一大群；许多的
(2)crowd in 涌入
crowd into 涌入；挤进
come crowding into 一齐涌入
(3)be crowded with 挤满了；充满
[语料积累] There was a crowd of people at the concert, all eagerly waiting for the band to take the stage. Everyone was talking excitedly about their favorite songs.(场景描写)
音乐会上有一大群人，都在热切地等待着乐队登台。大家都在激动地讨论着自己最喜欢的歌曲。
10 break away (from sb./sth.)突然离开；脱离；背叛；逃脱
[基础检测]——用break的相关短语填空
①During the camp, excitement filled the air. Lily suddenly broke into songs and everyone joined in. But the next morning, chaos broke out when a sudden thunderstorm hit, turning the campsite into a muddy mess.
[能力提升]——微写作
②听到这个消息，他崩溃了，眼泪从脸颊流下来。
He broke down at the news，tears pouring down his cheeks.(情感描写)
③当大家都在争论时，约翰突然插话提出了一个让所有人都惊讶的解决方案。
While everyone was arguing, John broke in with a solution that surprised everyone.(场景描写)
break up 打碎；分裂，解体；结束；(关系等)破裂；散去
break down 垮掉；出故障；失败；分解
break into 破门而入；突然开始(笑、唱等)
break in 破门而入；打断；插话
break out (战争、洪水、火灾等)爆发；发生
break through 取得突破；克服
[语料积累] (2021·浙江1月卷)My father carefully cut the pumpkin open，so I finally had my head break away from it.(动作描写)
我父亲小心翼翼地把南瓜切开，我的头终于从南瓜中出来了。
11 as well as同(一样也)；和；还
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Your wife as well as you is (be) friendly and generous，for which I am very grateful.
[能力提升]——微写作
②天气太糟了，外面狂风不停，暴雨如注，我们还是待在家里为好。
The weather is so bad, with strong winds blowing and heavy rain pouring, that we might as well stay at home．(环境描写)
③她泪如泉涌，心也要碎了。
Tears welled up in her eyes，and her heart seemed to be torn as well．(情感描写)
(1)as well as 表示“既……又……”，可连接两个平行结构。
(2)as well as 连接主语时谓语遵循“就远原则”。
(3)as well 表示“也；又；还”，常放在句子末尾，作为副词短语使用。
(4)may/might as well do sth. 倒不如做某事；不妨做某事
[语料积累] (2021·天津3月卷)I'm sure the visitors will be amazed by the beautiful scenery in Jiuzhaigou as well as the construction Dujiangyan Irrigation Project.(地点介绍)
我相信游客们会被九寨沟的美丽风景和都江堰灌溉工程所震撼。
12 句型公式：if的省略结构
(教材原句)So what is the difference between them, if any
那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？
[基础检测]——补全句子
①There may be some mistakes in my composition. If any (如果有的话), please help me point them out.(求助信)
②If possible (如果有可能的话), try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.(建议信)
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)If not (如果不), please let me know in advance so that I can make adjustment accordingly.(邀请信)
[能力提升]——句型转换
④If it is necessary，our school will provide the students with the language training courses.
→If necessary, our school will provide the students with the language training courses.
if any(如果有的话)是一个省略句，相当于if (there is/are) any。
if not如果不是这样的话
if so如果是这样的话
if ever如果曾有的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if possible如果可能的话
[语料积累] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Are you afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at you If so, I think it's not necessary to have other people prevent you from doing what you want to do.(语言描写)
你害怕其他学校的孩子会嘲笑你吗？如果是这样，我认为没有必要让别人阻止你做你想做的事情。
13 句型公式：“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构
(教材原句)If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
如果你留心，你会很吃惊地发现你既能看到它的过去又能看到它的现在。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The manager promised to keep me informed (inform) of how our business was going on.
②The question kept me wondering (wonder) for the rest of the night.
③On the top of the hill，he could see smoke rising (rise) from the chimneys in the village.
④Jenny dove into the sea and soon found herself surrounded (surround) by a group of colourful fish.
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤保持环境清洁无污染是让生活健康的关键一步。
Keeping the environment clean and free of pollution is the key step to make life healthy.(倡议书)
(1)keep＋sb./sth.＋形容词/副词
(2)keep＋sb./sth.＋介词短语
(3)keep＋sb./sth.＋doing(表示动作持续进行)
(4)keep＋sb./sth.＋done(表示被动)
[语料积累] Speaking of table manners，keep your voice low during the meal.(建议信)
说到餐桌礼仪，吃饭时要小声说话。
[名师指津] “动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构：
①感官动词类：see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel，find, catch, look at，listen to等。
②使役动词类：have, get, leave, make, start, send, set等。
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．The park is dotted with wildflowers and small ponds, creating a picturesque setting for visitors.
2．Every time she entered the room, her grandmother would greet her with a warm, affectionate hug and a bright smile.
3．With the wolf running closely after him，he got off his bike and took up a stick in defence of himself.
4．The thought broke her down, and she wandered away, with tears rolling down her cheeks.
1．be dotted with 点缀着
2．greet sb.with 以……迎接/接待某人
3．in defence of 保护；保卫；防御4.roll down 摇下；滚下
5．refer to 参考，查阅；指的是；提及，谈到
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——前缀en ，后缀 en， ize/ ise
前缀en ，后缀 en， ize/ ise都是常见的动词词缀。例如本单元中的单词：ensure (vt. 保证；确保；担保)是由形容词sure＋前缀en 转化而来。前缀en ，后缀 en， ize/ ise的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．Deforestation can endanger wildlife by destroying their natural habitats.vt. 使遭受危险
2．The smoke from the fire blackened the walls of the old house, leaving them covered in soot.vt. 使变黑
3．The news of her friend's illness saddened her deeply, and she visited the hospital immediately.vt. 使悲伤
4．As cities grow, there is a need to modernize equipment to meet the demands of the population.vt. 使现代化
5．Efforts to civilize the remote region included building schools and healthcare facilities. vt. 使文明
板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．charge
A.n.收费 B．v.收费；要价 C．n.掌管；负责 D．v.指控；控告 E．v.充电 F．v.向……冲 G．v.使充满
(1)My phone is having a dead battery；please help me charge it.E
(2)To our shock，the shy man should be charged with murdering his wife.D
(3)They normally charge three hundred pounds but we got it for half price.B
(4)The dog barked，jumping—four feet in the air—mouth open and charging at the man.F
(5)One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest；the next，the air was charged with tension.G
(6)(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.A
(7)(2021·浙江1月卷)People who dress up as Roman soldiers in charge of photos won't be allowed near hot tourist spots.C
2．approach
A.vi.靠近；临近 B．vt.接洽；交谈 C．vt.处理 D．n.方法；途径
(1)The students approach their teacher for advice.B
(2)(2023·浙江1月卷)InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low impact” solar development，which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.D
(3)(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)Not seeing or hearing any fire engines approaching，Grant rushed to a side entrance and ran up the stairs.A
(4)Human qualities also involve how you think，how you approach problems，and how you break them down；and that takes a lot of algorithmic(算法) design.C
3．crowd
A.n.人群；一群人 B．n.民众 C．v.(想法或观点)涌入(脑子) D．v.聚集；涌向
(1)The air smelt of the best baked bread, and customers soon crowded into the store, making the street crowded.D
(2)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened.A
(3)The happy memory of getting along with my best friend crowded in on me/crowded into my mind.C
(4)We all like to think we stand out from the crowd．B
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．(2021·全国甲卷)In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.v. 安放，放置；使处于
[点拨]position (熟义) n. 位置；姿态；职位。此处用作动词，意为“安放，放置；使处于”。
2．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)...while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.n. 报酬；回报
[点拨]currency (熟义) n. 通货；货币。此处意为“报酬；回报”。
3．As we walked into the house, we were greeted by a wonderful smell of baking.vt. 朝……扑面而来
[点拨]greet (熟义) vt. 问候；迎接。此处意为“朝……扑面而来”。
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配/
单元语法(过去分词作定语和宾补)
1．The coach as well as his players was (be) praised for their exceptional teamwork.
2．The village surrounded (surround) by mountains offers breathtaking views.
3．Customers are charged (charge) for delivery when ordering online.
4．Large amounts of water are/were (be) needed to put out the fire.
5．As the deadline was approaching (approach), the students worked hard to complete their projects.
6．They were eager to see (see) the new exhibition at the museum.
7．After an hour of thinking, she finally puzzled out the complex math problem.
8．The young artist is breaking away from conventional styles to create unique art.
9．It carries articles written (write)by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.
10．They are going to have the entrance hall painted (paint) white.
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．远处雷声滚滚，他们匆忙赶回家。
With thunder rolling in the distance, they hurried home．(环境、动作描写)
2．如果没有人自愿参加，活动将会被取消；如果是这样，我们明年再试一次。
If no one volunteers, the event will be cancelled; if so, we'll try again next year．(通知)
3．每天打篮球大大提高了我的技能。
Playing basketball every day has improved my skills a lot．(建议信)
4．老师通过一项有挑战性的作业让学生们保持忙碌。
The teacher kept the students busy with a challenging assignment．(活动描写)
5．He has a huge collection of novels and they belong to different authors from all around the world.(推荐信)
→He has a huge collection of novels belonging to different authors from all around the world．(改为简单句)
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
假定你是李华，你的交换生朋友Eric想在暑假参观具有中国特色的古建筑并请你做推荐。请你给他回信，内容包括： 1．推荐的古建筑的名称和地理位置； 2．推荐理由。
Dear Eric，
Delighted to learn you are interested in ancient Chinese architecture, 1.I am eager to recommend the Summer Palace to you (我热切地向你推荐颐和园)．
2．Located in the northwest of Beijing (位于北京西北部), the Summer Palace is known as one of the best ancient royal gardens. Dating back to the 18th century, it was once a summer resort 3.belonging to the emperors (属于帝王们；现在分词短语作后置定语). The palace consists of hundreds of striking buildings and halls. That is why it 4.is always crowded with tourists (总是挤满游客). If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find the Chinese wisdom hidden in architecture. Furthermore, you can gain a better understanding of Chinese history.
5．I ensure you will feast your eyes on fascinating views (我保证迷人的风景会让你大饱眼福)．
Yours，
Li Hua
维度二 读后续写微技能10——情感细节描
写：尴尬与羞愧
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
1．awkward adj. 令人尴尬的，使人难堪的 2．awkwardness n. 尴尬；难堪 3．ashamed adj. 感到羞愧的，感到羞耻的 4．shame n. 羞愧，羞耻 5．embarrassing adj. 使人尴尬的 6．embarrassed and ashamed 尴尬又羞愧 7．feel so ashamed 感到很丢脸 8．with one's face burning with shame 脸羞愧得发烫 9．cheeks burn 脸颊发烫 10．hide one's inner embarrassment 掩饰某人内心的尴尬 11．feel very embarrassed 感到非常尴尬 12．flush with embarrassment 因尴尬而脸红 13．a sharp sense of shame 一阵强烈的羞愧 14．be desperate to do sth. 急于做某事 15．eyes with tears 眼眶中充满了泪水 16．in an embarrassed voice/tone 用一种尴尬的声音/语气 17．hear the embarrassment in one's voice 听出某人声音中的尴尬 18．give an embarrassed cough 尴尬地咳了一声 19．hang/drop/lower/bow one's head in shame/embarrassment 羞愧/尴尬地低下头 20．an awkward/embarrassed silence/moment/pause 尴尬的沉默/一瞬/停顿 21．escape the teasing eyes 逃避嘲笑的目光
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．我既尴尬又羞愧，做什么事都无法集中精力。
Embarrassed and ashamed, I can't concentrate on anything. (外研版必修三U1)
2．我感到很丢脸。我一定是蠢到家了才会连一次简单的数学测试都不及格！
I felt so ashamed. I must be really stupid to fail a simple math quiz!
3．她感到非常尴尬，甚至能感觉到鲜血正涌到脸上。
Feeling very embarrassed, she even could feel the blood rushing to her face．(非谓语动词)
4．女孩继续走着，脸颊发烫，结果听到的是更多关于这个话题的评论。
The girl walks on, her cheeks burning, only to hear more comments on the same theme. (名篇《边城》)
5．他低下头，犹豫了一会儿，不知道如何掩饰内心的尴尬。
He lowered his head and hesitated for a moment, wondering how to hide his inner embarrassment．
任务2 语段表达
During lunch, Sarah accidentally spilled her drink all over her new white shirt in front of her classmates. The dark stain spread quickly, and 1.her face flushed with embarrassment(她的脸因尴尬而变得通红). Laughter erupted from the table, and Sarah felt 2.a sharp sense of shame (一阵强烈的羞愧). She attempted to clean the mess with napkins, but it only made it worse. 3.Desperate to escape the teasing eyes (急于逃避嘲笑的目光), she rushed to the bathroom, 4.her eyes with tears (眼眶中充满了泪水). In the bathroom, she took deep breaths, steadying herself. Later, her friends came to check on her, offering kind words and support. 5.Though the moment was embarrassing (尽管那一刻很尴尬), Sarah appreciated the genuine concern from her friends.
————基础默测—————
默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．heel n. 足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
2．currency n. 通货；货币
3．military adj. 军事的；军用的
4．mansion n. 公馆；宅第
5．philosophy n. 哲学
6．descendant n. 后裔；后代；子孙
7．landscape n. (陆上，尤指乡村的)风景
8．ancestor n. 祖宗；祖先
9．sensory adj. 感觉的；感官的
10．transition n. 过渡；转变；变迁
二、核心单词写得准
1．approach n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近
2．ensure vt. 保证；确保；担保
3．nearby adj. 附近的；邻近的 adv. 在附近
4．conquer vt. 占领；征服；控制
5．battle n. 战役；搏斗 vi. & vt. 搏斗；奋斗
6．charge n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电
7．amount n. 金额；数量
8．gallery n. (艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊
9．individual adj. 单独的；个别的 n. 个人
10．chief adj. 最重要的；最高级别的 n. (公司或机构的)首领；酋长
11．honey n. 蜂蜜
12．position n. 位置；姿态；职位 vt. 安装；安置
13．roll vi. & vt. (使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n. 卷(轴)；翻滚
14．roar vi. & n. 吼叫；咆哮
15．ocean n. 大海；海洋
三、拓展单词通变化
1．legal adj. 法律的；合法的→illegal adj. 不合法的→legally adv. 法律上地
2．achieve vt. 达到；实现→achievement n. 成就；成绩；达到
3．locate vt. 确定……的准确地点；找出……的位置→location n. 地方；地点；位置→located adj. 坐落于；位于
4．generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→generosity n. 慷慨；大方
5．eager adj. 热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv. 热心地；急切地→eagerness n. 热切；渴望
6．greet vt. 问候；迎接→greeting n. 问候；致意
7．custom n. 风俗；习俗；习惯→customer n. 顾客→customs n. 海关
8．strike v. 打击；攻击；打动 n. 罢工→striking adj. 引人注目的；显著的
四、重点词块明搭配
1．join…to… 把……和……连接或联结起来
2．break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
3．belong to 属于
4．as well as 同(一样也)；和；还
5．keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意
6．refer to 谈到；查阅；指的是
7．take over 接收；接管
8．have a great influence on 对……有极大影响
9．make your visit much more enjoyable 使你的游览更加愉快
10．be dotted with sheep and cattle 牛羊点缀其中
五、教材佳句会运用
1．那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？(省略句)
So what is the difference between them, if any
2．稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。(动名词短语作主语)
Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
3．如果你留心，你会很吃惊地发现你既能看到它的过去又能看到它的现在。(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
4．“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。(with复合结构)
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle．
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The children often play at the nearby (附近的) park, especially during the sunny weekends when families gather there for picnics.
2．Visitors should be aware that there's a charge (收费) for accessing the special exhibitions at the art museum.
3．The total amount (金额) was considerably higher than she expected.
4．Last weekend, we visited a famous gallery (画廊) downtown that displayed contemporary art pieces from various artists.
5．His approach (方法) to solving the problem earned him respect among his fellows.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The popular tourist spot was so crowded (crowd) that we could hardly find a place to sit and enjoy the view.
2．Ladies and gentlemen, today we are gathered here to celebrate the outstanding achievements (achieve) of our students in the field of science.
3．The history of ancient civilizations is truly fascinating (fascinate), revealing insights into how people lived thousands of years ago.
4．The cottage offers a breathtaking view of the surrounding (surround) mountains, making it a favorite spot for nature lovers.
5．Before concluding today's event, I have an important announcement (announce) regarding the changes in our upcoming schedule.
Ⅲ.选词填空
as well as；belong to；break away from；have a great influence on；refer to
1．Whenever I encounter a difficult word while reading, I refer to the dictionary to understand its meaning.
2．The young artist broke away from traditional methods, choosing his own techniques.
3．I found a mysterious necklace on my walk today, and I wondered whom it might belong to．
4．The event attracted local residents as well as visitors from neighboring cities and countries.
5．Your guidance and wisdom throughout the years have had a great influence on my personal and professional growth.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．请修订这份草稿，并在必要时从小组里寻求反馈以改进内容。(省略句)
Please revise the draft and, if necessary, seek feedback from the group to improve the content.
2．她走进房间，脸色苍白，手在颤抖。(with复合结构)
She entered the room with her face pale and her hands trembling.
3．在探索森林时，始终要留意罕见和独特的植物。(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
When exploring the forest, always keep your eyes open for rare and unique plants.
课时作业10
(总分：32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2024·广东惠州高三模拟)
At every wedding I attended this past year, the event space has been decorated with family portraits—black and white photos of grandparents, parents in 1970s hairstyles and family heirlooms (传家宝) passed down from generations.
As a child, I used to cry when looking at those reminders.When my husband suggested making a slideshow of our family photos for our wedding, I realized we barely had any.It was at that time that I understood just why these kinds of items inspired so many complicated feelings.
My grandparents immigrated from Poland to Cuba in the 1930s.During the Cuban Revolution, their business and home were shut down.The family came to the United States in 1968, leaving everything but a few pieces of clothing behind.My grandparents and mother responded to the pain they had experienced by holding on to things.
Today, when my mother comes to visit, she still brings bags full of useful items even if we have plenty of food.A full cupboard, a house stocked with usable objects, is the ultimate expression of love.
Like many who are privileged (幸运) enough not to have to worry about having basic things, I tended to admire the opposite—the empty spaces of yoga studios, the delightful feeling of sorting through a pile of stuff that I could abandon.
Now that my brother and I have come of age, my parents have both expressed a desire to downsize our possessions.I went through the things that mattered most to me: the books I loved as a child; the CDs made by friends; the college textbooks I never remembered to return.They say that we can appreciate the objects we used to love deeply just by saying goodbye to them.But I didn't want to give any of them up because they filled with memories of a person I once was, and a person that part of me always will be.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在准备自己的婚礼时意识到家庭旧物的意义，这些东西代表着一个人珍贵的回忆，构成了人生的一部分，这些东西是值得好好保存的。
1．When did the author realize the meaning of family old items？( B )
A．When she was attending a friend's wedding.
B．When she was preparing for her own wedding.
C．When her family came to the United States in 1968.
D．When her mother came to visit, bringing bags full of useful items.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句和第三句“When my husband suggested…so many complicated feelings.”可知，作者在准备自己的婚礼时意识到了家庭旧物的意义。故选B。
2．What does the author want to show us by sharing her grandparents' story？( C )
A．In the old days, the elders suffered a lot.
B．The Cuban Revolution brought people much pain.
C.Some old items represent one's precious memories.
D．The young should treasure today's happy life.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“My grandparents and mother…by holding on to things.”可知，作者想通过分享她祖父母的故事向我们表明一些旧物品代表着一个人珍贵的回忆。故选C。
3．Why didn't the author want to give up her previous objects？( B )
A．They were the symbols of love.
B．They gave her a sense of identity.
C．They reminded her of the old days.
D．They were no longer available anywhere.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“But I didn't want…part of me always will be.”可知，作者不想放弃以前的东西是因为它们给了她一种认同感。故选B。
4．What can we infer from this text？( C )
A．Lost time won't return any longer.
B．A picture is worth a thousand words.
C．Some sort of stuff is worth keeping.
D．It's never too late to make a change.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可推断出：有些东西是值得保存的。故选C。
(2025·T8联考)
Confirmation bias refers to people's tendency to seek out information that supports their existing beliefs. While it's usually subconscious, its impacts are significant. It can cloud people's judgement and decision making processes.
One explanation for confirmation bias is that it is an efficient way to process information. Humans are constantly fed with information and cannot possibly take the time to carefully process each piece. It is adaptive for humans to rely on subconscious, automatic judgements that contribute to the efficiency. Another reason why people show confirmation bias is to protect their self worth. People like to feel good about themselves, and discovering a belief they highly value is incorrect makes them feel bad about themselves. Therefore, confirmation bias will encourage them to disregard the information contrary to their belief.
Researches show that confirmation bias is strong and widespread. In studies examining my side bias, people were able to generate and remember more reasons supporting their side of a controversial issue than the opposing side. Only when a researcher directly asked people to generate arguments against their own beliefs were they able to do so. It is not that people are incapable of generating arguments that are contrary to their beliefs, but, rather, people are not motivated to do so.
Confirmation bias also surfaces in interpersonal communication. When interacting with people who perceivers think have certain personalities, the perceivers will ask questions that are biased toward supporting the perceivers' beliefs. If a new roommate is expected to be friendly and outgoing, Maria may ask her if she likes to go to parties rather than asking if she often studies in the library.
Confirmation bias may lead to incomplete and misinterpreted understanding of an issue or topic, as crucial information may be overlooked or dismissed. Thus, to avoid it, people are supposed to diversify the sources of information accessed as seeking multiple perspectives brings a broader understanding of the subject matter and allows for well rounded decision making. Another way is to actively challenge the bias by questioning assumptions and relying on evidence rather than personal opinions, which helps us consciously recognize informational biases and minimize their impact.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。确认偏见是指人们倾向于寻找支持自身信念的信息，进而影响判断与决策。为了克服确认偏见，应使信息来源多样化并主动质疑假设，提升理解和判断能力。
5．Why do people show confirmation bias？( A )
A．To help maintain their dignity.
B．To prevent shallow judgements.
C．To handle complex information.
D．To develop their logical reasoning.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Another reason why people show confirmation bias is to protect their self worth.”可知，人们是为了保护自己的自尊而呈现出确认偏见。
6．What did the studies in Paragraph 3 find？( B )
A．People couldn't produce arguments against their belief.
B．Information supporting people's belief often won preference.
C.It took considerable motivation to face controversial issues.
D．People focused on information concerning the opposing side.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“people were able to generate and remember more reasons supporting their side of a controversial issue than the opposing side”可知，人们在面对有争议的问题的时候，会偏向那些支持他们立场的信息而不是与他们的立场相对立的信息。
7．How does the writer illustrate confirmation bias in communication？( B )
A．By making comparison.
B．By giving an example.
C．By introducing a study.
D．By defining a concept.
解析：写作手法题。第四段主要讲述确认偏见在人际交往中的体现，最后给出例子“If a new roommate is expected to…studies in the library.”来进行说明。因此，作者是运用举例的写作手法来解释说明人际沟通中的确认偏见。
8．What is the passage mainly about？( D )
A．The role of my side bias in enhancing people's own beliefs.
B.The effects of information overload on decision making process.
C.The impact of confirmation bias on interpersonal communication.
D.Understanding of confirmation bias and strategies to overcome it.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章5个自然段从概念、原因、表现、影响以及如何避免的角度，帮助读者深刻理解确认偏见并提出了克服它的策略。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2024·湖北武汉重点中学5G联合体高三联考)
Based on his own research at Washington University in St.Louis and other scientific studies, psychology lecturer Bono offers the following tips for getting and staying happier in your life.
1(____) Looking forward to an enjoyable experience can make it all that much sweeter.Wait a couple of days before seeing a new movie that just came out, plan your big vacation for later in the summer, and try to take time to enjoy each bite of dessert.On the opposite, get negative tasks out of the way as quickly as possible—any delay will only make them seem worse.
People who focus more on process than outcome tend to remain motivated in the face of setbacks.They're better at sticking with major challenges and prefer them over the easy route.2(____) Because it celebrates rewards that come from the work itself.Focusing only on the outcome can lead to premature burnout if things don't go well.
3(____) Find an activity that allows you to get together with friends on a regular, ongoing basis.A weekly happy hour, poker night, or TV show ensures consistency and motivation in your social interactions.People with high quality relationships are not only happier, but also healthier.4(____)
The next time you are attracted to use your phone to look through social media, look through your list of contacts instead.5(____) The happiness you get from a real connection with another person will be far greater than any comments or likes you get on social media.
A．Anticipation itself is pleasurable.
B．Decrease unnecessary socializing.
C．Find someone to call or FaceTime.
D．This “growth mindset” helps people stay energized.
E．Facebook and Instagram often overstate how much better off others are.
F．Nothing is more important for our psychological health than high quality friendships.
G．They recover from illnesses more quickly, live longer, and enjoy more enriched lives.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。针对如何在生活中变得更加快乐、如何保持更加快乐，大学心理学讲师根据自己的研究提出了一些建议。
1．A 解析：根据下文“Looking forward…enjoy each bite of dessert.”可知，本段主要是说对未来美好的期待会使这段经历更加美好，A项“期待本身就是令人愉快的。”符合语境，故选A。
2．D 解析：根据上文“People…over the easy route.”可知，关注过程比关注结果更能激励人们面对挫折，结合本段末句“Focusing…don't go well.”可知，只关注结果会使人倦怠，空处应是描述与之相反的关注过程的积极影响，D项“这种‘成长心态'帮助人们保持精力充沛。”符合语境，故选D。
3．F 解析：根据下文“Find an activity…but also healthier.”可知，本段主要讲友谊对心理健康的重要作用，F项“没有什么比高质量的友谊对我们的心理健康更重要的了。”符合语境，故选F。
4．G 解析：根据上文“People with high quality relationships are not only happier, but also healthier.”可知，高质量的友谊不仅使人更加快乐，而且使人更加健康，G项“他们从疾病中恢复得更快，活得更长久，享受更丰富的生活。”符合语境，持续讲述高质量友谊对健康的好处，故选G。
5．C 解析：空前“The next time…your list of contacts instead.”提到，如果要浏览社交媒体时，就看看通讯录，结合下文“The happiness…on social media.”可知，空处应承接上文，引起下文，C项“找一个可以打电话或视频通话的人。”符合语境，故选C。(共93张PPT)
简洁
实用
高效
UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
RJ英语
必修第二册
内容索引
词汇复现 语境串记
高效课堂 考点突破
多维演练 素养提升
第一部分
第二部分
第三部分
重难考点
拾遗考点
A
B
课时作业10
第五部分
基础默测
第四部分
默写达标
基础检测
A
B
词汇复现 语境串记
第
分
部
一
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
When studying in the United Kingdom, I was no longer puzzled about when England got Wales, Scotland and Ireland joined to it or when the southern part of Ireland broke away from it. In England, there are many 1.fascinating places, so I had to keep my eyes open. In Ireland, I found myself fascinated by the landscape. It was such a feast for my eyes that I felt as if I were 2.approaching a gallery in which I was surrounded with beautiful pictures. Every day I was 3.greeted with the rolling mountains dotted with sheep and cattle, the roar of the ocean and the scent of flowers. I often had a sip of wine or beer in nearby pubs which 4.charged only a small amount of money for their service. Once, I talked about their customs with Irish people, and they were proud of it.They were 5.generous and shared with me a snack cooked with butter and honey and a mouth watering stew. The journey was so 6.striking that I'm eager to go there again.
approach；charge；fascinating；generous；greet；striking
fascinating
approaching
greeted
charged
generous
striking
高效课堂 考点突破
第
分
部
二
1 puzzle vt.迷惑；使困惑 n．谜；智力游戏；疑问(→puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；
→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的)
[基础检测]——小语段训练/单句语法填空
①The mathematics problems were a puzzle to her. However, with great effort, she managed to puzzle out the correct answers. The satisfaction made her forget all the hours she had been puzzled (puzzle) about them.
②“She claimed she had never been to that place before，” said John, puzzled (puzzle)．
重难考点
a
out
had been puzzled
puzzled
[能力提升]——微写作
③萨拉和朋友对这些线索苦苦思索，试图找出下一步往哪里走。
Sara and her friends puzzled over the clues, trying to figure out where to go next.(情景描写)
puzzled over the clues,
(1)puzzle over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索
puzzle sth.out 琢磨出……的答案
(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情
(3)be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解
[语料积累] (2021·天津3月卷)What puzzles Lily's friends is why she always has so many crazy ideas.(心理描写)
令莉莉的朋友们困惑的是，为什么她总是有如此多疯狂的想法。
[名师指津] puzzled修饰人或人的表情等； puzzling修饰事物。
2 belong vi. 应在(某处)；属于；适应(→belongings n. 所有物；财产)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Having sold most of his belongings (belong), the poet found his house nearly empty, with only a few books and a chair remaining.
②A tiger, with its striking orange coat, is a large, fierce animal，which belongs to the cat family.
[能力提升]——句型转换
③A tiger, with its striking orange coat, is a large, fierce animal belonging to the cat family．(用非谓语短语作定语改写句②)
belongings
to
belonging to the cat
family
(1)belong to 属于；归属；为……的一员
(2)a sense of belonging 归属感
[语料积累] It is because of your generous assistance that I soon developed a sense of belonging．(感谢信)
正是因为你的慷慨帮助，我很快就产生了归属感。
[名师指津] “belong to”中的to是介词，后接名词或代词宾格；不能用于被动语态和进行时态；可使用其现在分词形式作后置定语。
3 surround vt.包围；围绕(→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的→surroundings
n．环境)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Surrounding yourself with people who will provide you with support can be very beneficial.
②During the holiday celebrations, the town square was surrounded by/with twinkling lights.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)我写信告诉你我们上周五在公园上的美术课。这是一次美妙的经历。我画了一个被树木环绕的宁静湖泊，有几只鸭子在平静地游动。
I'm writing to tell you about the art class we had in the park last Friday. It was a wonderful experience. I painted a quiet lake surrounded by/with trees, with a few ducks swimming peacefully.(活动介绍)
with
by/with
surrounded by/with trees,
surround...with... 用……包围……
be surrounded by/with 被……包围
[语料积累] ①surround the school with green trees(地点描写)
学校绿树环绕
②The surrounding mountains provide a beautiful background, and many students enjoy hiking there on weekends.(环境描写)
周围的山脉提供了美丽的背景，许多学生喜欢在周末去那里徒步。
③Would you please offer me some beneficial advice on how to adapt to the unfamiliar surroundings？(求助信)
您可以给我一些关于如何适应陌生环境的有益的建议吗？
4 charge n．收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电 vi.(向……)冲
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The museum entry is free of charge every first Sunday of the month, so it's a great opportunity for families to explore new exhibits.
②The generous owner charging (charge) me nothing for the noodles，I felt a wave of warmth and gratitude welling up in my heart.
[能力提升]——微写作/一句多译
③恶狼张开血淋淋的嘴巴，跳起来扑向我，好像要把我吃掉似的。
The fierce wolf，opening its bloody mouth，sprang to its feet and charged at me as if to eat me up.(动作描写)
of
charging
charged at me
④丽莎负责组织活动。
→Lisa was in charge of organizing the activities.
→Lisa took charge of organizing the activities.
→Organizing the activities was in the charge of Lisa.
was in charge of
took charge of
was in the charge of
(1)charge sb.with (doing) sth.＝accuse sb.of (doing) sth. 指控某人犯……罪
charge sb.money for sth.
因某事/物收某人钱
charge at 向……发起冲锋，扑向
(2)free of charge＝for free 免费
in charge of 掌管(表状态)
take charge of 掌管(表动作)
in the charge of 被……掌管；由……负责
[语料积累] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I'm Li Hua, in charge of the English column titled “Talk and Talk” launched in the broadcasting station of our school.(人物介绍)
我是李华，负责我们学校广播电台推出的英语专栏“Talk and Talk”。
5 announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称(→announcement n. 通告；宣告→announcer
n. 播音员；广播员)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①He announced his decision to retire to all his colleagues during the team meeting.
②The train announcer (announce) reminded passengers to keep their belongings with them.
[能力提升]——微写作
③晚饭时，爸爸宣布我们下个月要去度假。
During dinner, my dad made an announcement that we would be going on vacation next month.(情景描写)
to
announcer
made an announcement
(1)announce sth.to sb.(＝announce to sb.sth.)
向某人宣布某事It is/was announced that...据宣布……
(2)make an announcement 宣布
[语料积累] Ladies and gentlemen, I have an important announcement to make.(通知)
女士们、先生们，我要发布一个重要的通告。
6 amount n．金额；数量vi.总计，共计；相当于，等于
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Yesterday large amounts of honey and butter were (be) used to make this kind of snack．
②A large amount of money was spent (spend) on the construction of the school last year.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2021·浙江6月卷)暑假期间我总共挣了300美元，这笔钱可以帮助养活我的家人。
The money I earned during the summer holiday amounted to 300 dollars，which could help support my family.(人物描写)
were
was spent
amounted to
(1)the amount of... ……的数量
“大量/少量的”表达法：
a large/small amount of＋n.[U]＋v.(单数)
large/small amounts of＋n.[U]＋v.(复数)
(2)amount to 共计，总计；等于，相当于
[语料积累] Tears streamed down his face when he realized the amount of pain she had gone through.(情感描写)
当他意识到她所经历的痛苦时，眼泪顺着他的脸流了下来。
7 approach n．接近；方法；途径 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Our teacher employed a new approach to solving (solve) problems that were hard to work out.
②With the Spring Festival approaching (approach)，we could hardly contain our excitement.
[能力提升]——句型转换
③At the approach of the Spring Festival, we could hardly contain our excitement.(用介词短语改写②)
solving
approaching
At the approach of the Spring Festival,
(1)an approach to (doing) sth.
(做)某事的方法/途径
at the approach of... 在快到……的时候
(2)with...approaching 在……快到的时候
[语料积累] (2023·浙江1月卷)There was the little bird，flapping her wings and approaching me.(动作描写)
那只小鸟拍打着翅膀向我靠近。
8 eager adj.渴望的；热切的(→eagerly adv.热心地；急切地→eagerness
n．热切；渴望)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①He eagerly (eager) wanted to give a special present to Grandma，but he was short of money.
②Everyone is eager for success/to succeed，but success only belongs to those who are determined and persevering.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2024·浙江1月卷)一半兴奋，一半怀疑，伊娃走到他跟前，急切地想知道他夸奖她的原因。
Half excited, half doubtful, Eva came up to him and was eager to know the reason why he praised her.(动作、神情描写)
eagerly
for
to
was eager to know the reason
(1)be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
be eager for sth. 渴望得到某物
(2)with eagerness＝eagerly 热切地；急切地
hide one's eagerness 掩饰某人的渴望
[语料积累] ①eagerly participate in class discussions(活动介绍)
热切地参与课堂讨论
②When asked whether he wanted a gift for his birthday，the boy couldn't hide his eagerness．(心理描写)
当这个男孩被问及是否想要一个生日礼物的时候，他无法掩饰他的渴望。
9 crowd n. 人群；一群人； 民众 vt. 挤满；使……拥挤；靠近(→crowded adj.
拥挤的；塞满的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①After the final whistle, the reporters crowded into the locker room, eager to interview the winning team.
②When the doors of the theater opened, the audience crowded in, eager to find the best seats for the show.
③With the Spring Festival around the corner, railway stations are/were crowded (crowd) with home returnees.
[能力提升]——微写作
④当我看到墙上的这张照片时，很多甜蜜的回忆纷纷涌上我的心头。
When I saw the picture on the wall, many sweet memories came crowding into my mind．(心理描写)
into
in,
are/were crowded
came crowding into my
mind
(1)a crowd of 一大群；许多的
(2)crowd in 涌入
crowd into 涌入；挤进
come crowding into 一齐涌入
(3)be crowded with 挤满了；充满
[语料积累] There was a crowd of people at the concert, all eagerly waiting for the band to take the stage. Everyone was talking excitedly about their favorite songs.(场景描写)
音乐会上有一大群人，都在热切地等待着乐队登台。大家都在激动地讨论着自己最喜欢的歌曲。
10 break away (from sb./sth.)突然离开；脱离；背叛；逃脱
[基础检测]——用break的相关短语填空
①During the camp, excitement filled the air. Lily suddenly broke into songs and everyone joined in. But the next morning, chaos broke out when a sudden thunderstorm hit, turning the campsite into a muddy mess.
[能力提升]——微写作
②听到这个消息，他崩溃了，眼泪从脸颊流下来。
He broke down at the news，tears pouring down his cheeks.(情感描写)
③当大家都在争论时，约翰突然插话提出了一个让所有人都惊讶的解决方案。
While everyone was arguing, John broke in with a solution that surprised everyone.(场景描写)
broke into
broke out
broke down at the news
broke in
break up 打碎；分裂，解体；结束；(关系等)破裂；散去
break down 垮掉；出故障；失败；分解
break into 破门而入；突然开始(笑、唱等)
break in 破门而入；打断；插话
break out (战争、洪水、火灾等)爆发；发生
break through 取得突破；克服
[语料积累] (2021·浙江1月卷)My father carefully cut the pumpkin open，so I finally had my head break away from it.(动作描写)
我父亲小心翼翼地把南瓜切开，我的头终于从南瓜中出来了。
11 as well as同(一样也)；和；还
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Your wife as well as you is (be) friendly and generous，for which I am very grateful.
[能力提升]——微写作
②天气太糟了，外面狂风不停，暴雨如注，我们还是待在家里为好。
The weather is so bad, with strong winds blowing and heavy rain pouring, that we might as well stay at home．(环境描写)
③她泪如泉涌，心也要碎了。
Tears welled up in her eyes，and her heart seemed to be torn as well．(情感描写)
is
might
as well stay at home
seemed to be torn as well
(1)as well as 表示“既……又……”，可连接两个平行结构。
(2)as well as 连接主语时谓语遵循“就远原则”。
(3)as well 表示“也；又；还”，常放在句子末尾，作为副词短语使用。
(4)may/might as well do sth. 倒不如做某事；不妨做某事
[语料积累] (2021·天津3月卷)I'm sure the visitors will be amazed by the beautiful scenery in Jiuzhaigou as well as the construction Dujiangyan Irrigation Project.(地点介绍)
我相信游客们会被九寨沟的美丽风景和都江堰灌溉工程所震撼。
12 句型公式：if的省略结构
(教材原句)So what is the difference between them, if any
那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？
[基础检测]——补全句子
①There may be some mistakes in my composition. If any (如果有的话), please help me point them out.(求助信)
②If possible (如果有可能的话), try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.(建议信)
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)If not (如果不), please let me know in advance so that I can make adjustment accordingly.(邀请信)
If any
If possible
If not
[能力提升]——句型转换
④If it is necessary，our school will provide the students with the language training courses.
→If necessary, our school will provide the students with the language training courses.
If necessary,
if any(如果有的话)是一个省略句，相当于if (there is/are) any。
if not如果不是这样的话
if so如果是这样的话
if ever如果曾有的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if possible如果可能的话
[语料积累] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Are you afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at you If so, I think it's not necessary to have other people prevent you from doing what you want to do.(语言描写)
你害怕其他学校的孩子会嘲笑你吗？如果是这样，我认为没有必要让别人阻止你做你想做的事情。
13 句型公式：“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构
(教材原句)If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
如果你留心，你会很吃惊地发现你既能看到它的过去又能看到它的现在。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The manager promised to keep me informed (inform) of how our business was going on.
②The question kept me wondering (wonder) for the rest of the night.
③On the top of the hill，he could see smoke rising (rise) from the chimneys in the village.
④Jenny dove into the sea and soon found herself surrounded (surround) by a group of colourful fish.
informed
wondering
rising
surrounded
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤保持环境清洁无污染是让生活健康的关键一步。
Keeping the environment clean and free of pollution is the key step to make life healthy.(倡议书)
Keeping the environment clean
(1)keep＋sb./sth.＋形容词/副词
(2)keep＋sb./sth.＋介词短语
(3)keep＋sb./sth.＋doing(表示动作持续进行)
(4)keep＋sb./sth.＋done(表示被动)
[语料积累] Speaking of table manners，keep your voice low during the meal.(建议信)
说到餐桌礼仪，吃饭时要小声说话。
[名师指津] “动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构：
①感官动词类：see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel，find, catch, look at，listen to等。
②使役动词类：have, get, leave, make, start, send, set等。
拾遗考点
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．The park is dotted with wildflowers and small ponds, creating a picturesque setting for visitors.
2．Every time she entered the room, her grandmother would greet her with a warm, affectionate hug and a bright smile.
3．With the wolf running closely after him，he got off his bike and took up a stick in defence of himself.
4．The thought broke her down, and she wandered away, with tears rolling down her cheeks.
is dotted with
greet her with
in
defence of
rolling down
1．be dotted with 点缀着
2．greet sb.with 以……迎接/接待某人
3．in defence of 保护；保卫；防御4.roll down 摇下；滚下
5．refer to 参考，查阅；指的是；提及，谈到
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——前缀en ，后缀 en， ize/ ise
前缀en ，后缀 en， ize/ ise都是常见的动词词缀。例如本单元中的单词：ensure (vt. 保证；确保；担保)是由形容词sure＋前缀en 转化而来。前缀en ，后缀 en， ize/ ise的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．Deforestation can endanger wildlife by destroying their natural habitats.
vt. 使遭受危险
2．The smoke from the fire blackened the walls of the old house, leaving them covered in soot.vt. 使变黑
3．The news of her friend's illness saddened her deeply, and she visited the hospital immediately.vt. 使悲伤
4．As cities grow, there is a need to modernize equipment to meet the demands of the population.vt. 使现代化
5．Efforts to civilize the remote region included building schools and healthcare facilities.
vt. 使文明
vt. 使遭受危险
vt. 使变黑
vt. 使悲伤
vt. 使现代化
vt. 使文明
多维演练 素养提升
第
分
部
三
板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．charge
(1)My phone is having a dead battery；please help me charge it.E
(2)To our shock，the shy man should be charged with murdering his wife.D
(3)They normally charge three hundred pounds but we got it for half price.B
(4)The dog barked，jumping—four feet in the air—mouth open and charging at the man.F
A.n.收费 B．v.收费；要价 C．n.掌管；负责 D．v.指控；控告 E．v.充电 F．v.向……冲 G．v.使充满
E
D
B
F
(5)One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest；the next，the air was charged with tension.G
(6)(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.A
(7)(2021·浙江1月卷)People who dress up as Roman soldiers in charge of photos won't be allowed near hot tourist spots.C
A.n.收费 B．v.收费；要价 C．n.掌管；负责 D．v.指控；控告 E．v.充电 F．v.向……冲 G．v.使充满
G
A
C
2．approach
(1)The students approach their teacher for advice.B
(2)(2023·浙江1月卷)InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low impact” solar development，which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.D
(3)(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)Not seeing or hearing any fire engines approaching，Grant rushed to a side entrance and ran up the stairs.A
(4)Human qualities also involve how you think，how you approach problems，and how you break them down；and that takes a lot of algorithmic(算法) design.C
A.vi.靠近；临近 B．vt.接洽；交谈 C．vt.处理 D．n.方法；途径
B
D
A
C
3．crowd
(1)The air smelt of the best baked bread, and customers soon crowded into the store, making the street crowded.D
(2)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened.A
(3)The happy memory of getting along with my best friend crowded in on me/crowded into my mind.C
(4)We all like to think we stand out from the crowd．B
A.n.人群；一群人 B．n.民众 C．v.(想法或观点)涌入(脑子) D．v.聚集；涌向
D
A
C
B
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．(2021·全国甲卷)In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.
v. 安放，放置；使处于
[点拨]position (熟义) n. 位置；姿态；职位。此处用作动词，意为“安放，放置；使处于”。
2．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)...while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.
n. 报酬；回报
[点拨]currency (熟义) n. 通货；货币。此处意为“报酬；回报”。
3．As we walked into the house, we were greeted by a wonderful smell of baking.
vt. 朝……扑面而来
[点拨]greet (熟义) vt. 问候；迎接。此处意为“朝……扑面而来”。
v. 安放，放置；使处于
n. 报酬；回报
vt. 朝……扑面而来
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配/单元语法(过去分词作定语和宾补)
1．The coach as well as his players was (be) praised for their exceptional teamwork.
2．The village surrounded (surround) by mountains offers breathtaking views.
3．Customers are charged (charge) for delivery when ordering online.
4．Large amounts of water are/were (be) needed to put out the fire.
5．As the deadline was approaching (approach), the students worked hard to complete their projects.
6．They were eager to see (see) the new exhibition at the museum.
7．After an hour of thinking, she finally puzzled out the complex math problem.
8．The young artist is breaking away from conventional styles to create unique art.
9．It carries articles written (write)by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.
10．They are going to have the entrance hall painted (paint) white.
was
surrounded
are charged
are/were
was approaching
to see
out
from
written
painted
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．远处雷声滚滚，他们匆忙赶回家。
With thunder rolling in the distance, they hurried home．(环境、动作描写)
2．如果没有人自愿参加，活动将会被取消；如果是这样，我们明年再试一次。
If no one volunteers, the event will be cancelled; if so, we'll try again next year．(通知)
3．每天打篮球大大提高了我的技能。
Playing basketball every day has improved my skills a lot．(建议信)
4．老师通过一项有挑战性的作业让学生们保持忙碌。
The teacher kept the students busy with a challenging assignment．(活动描写)
5．He has a huge collection of novels and they belong to different authors from all around the world.(推荐信)
→He has a huge collection of novels belonging to different authors from all around the world．(改为简单句)
With thunder rolling in the distance, they hurried home
If no one volunteers, the event will be cancelled; if so, we'll try again next year
Playing basketball every day has improved my skills a lot
The teacher kept the students busy with a challenging assignment
He has a huge collection of novels belonging to different authors from all around the
world
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
假定你是李华，你的交换生朋友Eric想在暑假参观具有中国特色的古建筑并请你做推荐。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1．推荐的古建筑的名称和地理位置；
2．推荐理由。
Dear Eric，
Delighted to learn you are interested in ancient Chinese architecture, 1.I am eager to recommend the Summer Palace to you (我热切地向你推荐颐和园)．
2．Located in the northwest of Beijing (位于北京西北部), the Summer Palace is known as one of the best ancient royal gardens. Dating back to the 18th century, it was once a summer resort 3.belonging to the emperors (属于帝王们；现在分词短语作后置定语). The palace consists of hundreds of striking buildings and halls. That is why it 4.is always crowded with tourists (总是挤满游客). If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find the Chinese wisdom hidden in architecture. Furthermore, you can gain a better understanding of Chinese history.
5．I ensure you will feast your eyes on fascinating views (我保证迷人的风景会让你大饱眼福)．
Yours，
Li Hua
I am eager to
recommend the Summer Palace to you
Located in the northwest of Beijing
belonging to the emperors
is always
crowded with tourists
I ensure you will feast your eyes on fascinating views
维度二 读后续写微技能10——情感细节描写：尴尬与羞愧
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
1．awkward adj. 令人尴尬的，使人难堪的
2．awkwardness n. 尴尬；难堪
3．ashamed adj. 感到羞愧的，感到羞耻的
4．shame n. 羞愧，羞耻
5．embarrassing adj. 使人尴尬的
6．embarrassed and ashamed 尴尬又羞愧
7．feel so ashamed 感到很丢脸
8．with one's face burning with shame 脸羞愧得发烫
9．cheeks burn 脸颊发烫
10．hide one's inner embarrassment 掩饰某人内心的尴尬
11．feel very embarrassed 感到非常尴尬
12．flush with embarrassment 因尴尬而脸红
13．a sharp sense of shame 一阵强烈的羞愧
14．be desperate to do sth. 急于做某事
15．eyes with tears 眼眶中充满了泪水
16．in an embarrassed voice/tone 用一种尴尬的声音/语气
17．hear the embarrassment in one's voice 听出某人声音中的尴尬
18．give an embarrassed cough 尴尬地咳了一声
19．hang/drop/lower/bow one's head in shame/embarrassment 羞愧/尴尬地低下头
20．an awkward/embarrassed silence/moment/pause 尴尬的沉默/一瞬/停顿
21．escape the teasing eyes 逃避嘲笑的目光
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．我既尴尬又羞愧，做什么事都无法集中精力。
Embarrassed and ashamed, I can't concentrate on anything. (外研版必修三U1)
2．我感到很丢脸。我一定是蠢到家了才会连一次简单的数学测试都不及格！
I felt so ashamed. I must be really stupid to fail a simple math quiz!
3．她感到非常尴尬，甚至能感觉到鲜血正涌到脸上。
Feeling very embarrassed, she even could feel the blood rushing to her face．(非谓语动词)
4．女孩继续走着，脸颊发烫，结果听到的是更多关于这个话题的评论。
The girl walks on, her cheeks burning, only to hear more comments on the same theme. (名篇《边城》)
Embarrassed and ashamed,
felt so ashamed
Feeling very embarrassed,
her cheeks burning,
5．他低下头，犹豫了一会儿，不知道如何掩饰内心的尴尬。
He lowered his head and hesitated for a moment, wondering how to hide his inner embarrassment．
hide his inner
embarrassment
任务2 语段表达
During lunch, Sarah accidentally spilled her drink all over her new white shirt in front of her classmates. The dark stain spread quickly, and 1.her face flushed with embarrassment(她的脸因尴尬而变得通红). Laughter erupted from the table, and Sarah felt 2.a sharp sense of shame (一阵强烈的羞愧). She attempted to clean the mess with napkins, but it only made it worse. 3.Desperate to escape the teasing eyes (急于逃避嘲笑的目光), she rushed to the bathroom, 4.her eyes with tears (眼眶中充满了泪水). In the bathroom, she took deep breaths, steadying herself. Later, her friends came to check on her, offering kind words and support. 5.Though the moment was embarrassing (尽管那一刻很尴尬), Sarah appreciated the genuine concern from her friends.
her face flushed with
embarrassment
a sharp sense of shame
Desperate to escape the teasing eyes
her eyes with tears
Though the moment was embarrassing
基础默测
第
分
部
四
默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．heel n. 足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
2．currency n. 通货；货币
3．military adj. 军事的；军用的
4．mansion n. 公馆；宅第
5．philosophy n. 哲学
6．descendant n. 后裔；后代；子孙
7．landscape n. (陆上，尤指乡村的)风景
8．ancestor n. 祖宗；祖先
9．sensory adj. 感觉的；感官的
10．transition n. 过渡；转变；变迁
足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
通货；货币
军事的；军用的
公馆；宅第
哲学
后裔；后代；子孙
(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景
祖宗；祖先
感觉的；感官的
过渡；转变；变迁
二、核心单词写得准
1．approach n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近
2．ensure vt. 保证；确保；担保
3．nearby adj. 附近的；邻近的 adv. 在附近
4．conquer vt. 占领；征服；控制
5．battle n. 战役；搏斗 vi. & vt. 搏斗；奋斗
6．charge n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电
7．amount n. 金额；数量
8．gallery n. (艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊
9．individual adj. 单独的；个别的 n. 个人
10．chief adj. 最重要的；最高级别的 n. (公司或机构的)首领；酋长
approach
ensure
nearby
conquer
battle
charge
amount
gallery
individual
chief
11．honey n. 蜂蜜
12．position n. 位置；姿态；职位 vt. 安装；安置
13．roll vi. & vt. (使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n. 卷(轴)；翻滚
14．roar vi. & n. 吼叫；咆哮
15．ocean n. 大海；海洋
honey
position
roll
roar
ocean
三、拓展单词通变化
1．legal adj. 法律的；合法的→illegal adj. 不合法的→legally adv. 法律上地
2．achieve vt. 达到；实现→achievement n. 成就；成绩；达到
3．locate vt. 确定……的准确地点；找出……的位置→location n. 地方；地点；位置→located adj. 坐落于；位于
4．generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→generosity n. 慷慨；大方
5．eager adj. 热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv. 热心地；急切地→eagerness n. 热切；渴望
6．greet vt. 问候；迎接→greeting n. 问候；致意
7．custom n. 风俗；习俗；习惯→customer n. 顾客→customs n. 海关
8．strike v. 打击；攻击；打动 n. 罢工→striking adj. 引人注目的；显著的
legal
illegal
legally
achieve
achievement
locate
location
located
generous
generosity
eager
eagerly
eagerness
greet
greeting
custom
customer
customs
strike
striking
四、重点词块明搭配
1．join…to… 把……和……连接或联结起来
2．break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
3．belong to 属于
4．as well as 同(一样也)；和；还
5．keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意
6．refer to 谈到；查阅；指的是
7．take over 接收；接管
8．have a great influence on 对……有极大影响
9．make your visit much more enjoyable 使你的游览更加愉快
10．be dotted with sheep and cattle 牛羊点缀其中
join…to…
break away (from sb./sth.)
belong to
as well as
keep your eyes open (for)
谈到；查阅；指的是
接收；接管
对……有极大影响
使你的游览更加愉快
牛羊点缀其中
五、教材佳句会运用
1．那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？(省略句)
So what is the difference between them, if any
2．稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。(动名词短语作主语)
Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
3．如果你留心，你会很吃惊地发现你既能看到它的过去又能看到它的现在。(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
4．“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。(with复合结构)
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle．
if any
Getting to know a little bit about British history
If you keep your eyes open,
with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The children often play at the nearby (附近的) park, especially during the sunny weekends when families gather there for picnics.
2．Visitors should be aware that there's a charge (收费) for accessing the special exhibitions at the art museum.
3．The total amount (金额) was considerably higher than she expected.
4．Last weekend, we visited a famous gallery (画廊) downtown that displayed contemporary art pieces from various artists.
5．His approach (方法) to solving the problem earned him respect among his fellows.
nearby
charge
amount
gallery
approach
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The popular tourist spot was so crowded (crowd) that we could hardly find a place to sit and enjoy the view.
2．Ladies and gentlemen, today we are gathered here to celebrate the outstanding achievements (achieve) of our students in the field of science.
3．The history of ancient civilizations is truly fascinating (fascinate), revealing insights into how people lived thousands of years ago.
4．The cottage offers a breathtaking view of the surrounding (surround) mountains, making it a favorite spot for nature lovers.
5．Before concluding today's event, I have an important announcement (announce) regarding the changes in our upcoming schedule.
crowded
achievements
fascinating
surrounding
announcement
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Whenever I encounter a difficult word while reading, I refer to the dictionary to understand its meaning.
2．The young artist broke away from traditional methods, choosing his own techniques.
3．I found a mysterious necklace on my walk today, and I wondered whom it might belong to．
4．The event attracted local residents as well as visitors from neighboring cities and countries.
5．Your guidance and wisdom throughout the years have had a great influence on my personal and professional growth.
as well as；belong to；break away from；have a great influence on；refer to
refer to
broke away from
belong to
as well as
had a great influence on
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．请修订这份草稿，并在必要时从小组里寻求反馈以改进内容。(省略句)
Please revise the draft and, if necessary, seek feedback from the group to improve the content.
2．她走进房间，脸色苍白，手在颤抖。(with复合结构)
She entered the room with her face pale and her hands trembling.
3．在探索森林时，始终要留意罕见和独特的植物。(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
When exploring the forest, always keep your eyes open for rare and unique plants.
if necessary,
with her face pale
keep your eyes open
课时作业10
第
分
部
五
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2024·广东惠州高三模拟)
At every wedding I attended this past year, the event space has been decorated with family portraits—black and white photos of grandparents, parents in 1970s hairstyles and family heirlooms (传家宝) passed down from generations.
As a child, I used to cry when looking at those reminders.When my husband suggested making a slideshow of our family photos for our wedding, I realized we barely had any.It was at that time that I understood just why these kinds of items inspired so many complicated feelings.
My grandparents immigrated from Poland to Cuba in the 1930s.During the Cuban Revolution, their business and home were shut down.The family came to the United States in 1968, leaving everything but a few pieces of clothing behind.My grandparents and mother responded to the pain they had experienced by holding on to things.
Today, when my mother comes to visit, she still brings bags full of useful items even if we have plenty of food.A full cupboard, a house stocked with usable objects, is the ultimate expression of love.
Like many who are privileged (幸运) enough not to have to worry about having basic things, I tended to admire the opposite—the empty spaces of yoga studios, the delightful feeling of sorting through a pile of stuff that I could abandon.
Now that my brother and I have come of age, my parents have both expressed a desire to downsize our possessions.I went through the things that mattered most to me: the books I loved as a child; the CDs made by friends; the college textbooks I never remembered to return.They say that we can appreciate the objects we used to love deeply just by saying goodbye to them.But I didn't want to give any of them up because they filled with memories of a person I once was, and a person that part of me always will be.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在准备自己的婚礼时意识到家庭旧物的意义，这些东西代表着一个人珍贵的回忆，构成了人生的一部分，这些东西是值得好好保存的。
1．When did the author realize the meaning of family old items？( )
A．When she was attending a friend's wedding.
B．When she was preparing for her own wedding.
C．When her family came to the United States in 1968.
D．When her mother came to visit, bringing bags full of useful items.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句和第三句“When my husband suggested…so many complicated feelings.”可知，作者在准备自己的婚礼时意识到了家庭旧物的意义。故选B。
B
2．What does the author want to show us by sharing her grandparents' story？( )
A．In the old days, the elders suffered a lot.
B．The Cuban Revolution brought people much pain.
C.Some old items represent one's precious memories.
D．The young should treasure today's happy life.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“My grandparents and mother…by holding on to things.”可知，作者想通过分享她祖父母的故事向我们表明一些旧物品代表着一个人珍贵的回忆。故选C。
C
3．Why didn't the author want to give up her previous objects？( )
A．They were the symbols of love.
B．They gave her a sense of identity.
C．They reminded her of the old days.
D．They were no longer available anywhere.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“But I didn't want…part of me always will be.”可知，作者不想放弃以前的东西是因为它们给了她一种认同感。故选B。
B
4．What can we infer from this text？( )
A．Lost time won't return any longer.
B．A picture is worth a thousand words.
C．Some sort of stuff is worth keeping.
D．It's never too late to make a change.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可推断出：有些东西是值得保存的。故选C。
C
(2025·T8联考)
Confirmation bias refers to people's tendency to seek out information that supports their existing beliefs. While it's usually subconscious, its impacts are significant. It can cloud people's judgement and decision making processes.
One explanation for confirmation bias is that it is an efficient way to process information. Humans are constantly fed with information and cannot possibly take the time to carefully process each piece. It is adaptive for humans to rely on subconscious, automatic judgements that contribute to the efficiency. Another reason why people show confirmation bias is to protect their self worth. People like to feel good about themselves, and discovering a belief they highly value is incorrect makes them feel bad about themselves. Therefore, confirmation bias will encourage them to disregard the information contrary to their belief.
Researches show that confirmation bias is strong and widespread. In studies examining my side bias, people were able to generate and remember more reasons supporting their side of a controversial issue than the opposing side. Only when a researcher directly asked people to generate arguments against their own beliefs were they able to do so. It is not that people are incapable of generating arguments that are contrary to their beliefs, but, rather, people are not motivated to do so.
Confirmation bias also surfaces in interpersonal communication. When interacting with people who perceivers think have certain personalities, the perceivers will ask questions that are biased toward supporting the perceivers' beliefs. If a new roommate is expected to be friendly and outgoing, Maria may ask her if she likes to go to parties rather than asking if she often studies in the library.
Confirmation bias may lead to incomplete and misinterpreted understanding of an issue or topic, as crucial information may be overlooked or dismissed. Thus, to avoid it, people are supposed to diversify the sources of information accessed as seeking multiple perspectives brings a broader understanding of the subject matter and allows for well rounded decision making. Another way is to actively challenge the bias by questioning assumptions and relying on evidence rather than personal opinions, which helps us consciously recognize informational biases and minimize their impact.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。确认偏见是指人们倾向于寻找支持自身信念的信息，进而影响判断与决策。为了克服确认偏见，应使信息来源多样化并主动质疑假设，提升理解和判断能力。
5．Why do people show confirmation bias？( )
A．To help maintain their dignity.
B．To prevent shallow judgements.
C．To handle complex information.
D．To develop their logical reasoning.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Another reason why people show confirmation bias is to protect their self worth.”可知，人们是为了保护自己的自尊而呈现出确认偏见。
A
6．What did the studies in Paragraph 3 find？( )
A．People couldn't produce arguments against their belief.
B．Information supporting people's belief often won preference.
C.It took considerable motivation to face controversial issues.
D．People focused on information concerning the opposing side.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“people were able to generate and remember more reasons supporting their side of a controversial issue than the opposing side”可知，人们在面对有争议的问题的时候，会偏向那些支持他们立场的信息而不是与他们的立场相对立的信息。
B
7．How does the writer illustrate confirmation bias in communication？( )
A．By making comparison.
B．By giving an example.
C．By introducing a study.
D．By defining a concept.
解析：写作手法题。第四段主要讲述确认偏见在人际交往中的体现，最后给出例子“If a new roommate is expected to…studies in the library.”来进行说明。因此，作者是运用举例的写作手法来解释说明人际沟通中的确认偏见。
B
8．What is the passage mainly about？( )
A．The role of my side bias in enhancing people's own beliefs.
B.The effects of information overload on decision making process.
C.The impact of confirmation bias on interpersonal communication.
D.Understanding of confirmation bias and strategies to overcome it.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章5个自然段从概念、原因、表现、影响以及如何避免的角度，帮助读者深刻理解确认偏见并提出了克服它的策略。
D
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2024·湖北武汉重点中学5G联合体高三联考)
Based on his own research at Washington University in St.Louis and other scientific studies, psychology lecturer Bono offers the following tips for getting and staying happier in your life.
1(____) Looking forward to an enjoyable experience can make it all that much sweeter.Wait a couple of days before seeing a new movie that just came out, plan your big vacation for later in the summer, and try to take time to enjoy each bite of dessert.On the opposite, get negative tasks out of the way as quickly as possible—any delay will only make them seem worse.
文章总览
People who focus more on process than outcome tend to remain motivated in the face of setbacks.They're better at sticking with major challenges and prefer them over the easy route.2(____) Because it celebrates rewards that come from the work itself.Focusing only on the outcome can lead to premature burnout if things don't go well.
3(____) Find an activity that allows you to get together with friends on a regular, ongoing basis.A weekly happy hour, poker night, or TV show ensures consistency and motivation in your social interactions.People with high quality relationships are not only happier, but also healthier.4(____)
The next time you are attracted to use your phone to look through social media, look through your list of contacts instead.5(____) The happiness you get from a real connection with another person will be far greater than any comments or likes you get on social media.
文章总览
A．Anticipation itself is pleasurable.
B．Decrease unnecessary socializing.
C．Find someone to call or FaceTime.
D．This “growth mindset” helps people stay energized.
E．Facebook and Instagram often overstate how much better off others are.
F．Nothing is more important for our psychological health than high quality friendships.
G．They recover from illnesses more quickly, live longer, and enjoy more enriched lives.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。针对如何在生活中变得更加快乐、如何保持更加快乐，大学心理学讲师根据自己的研究提出了一些建议。
文章总览
1(____) Looking forward to an enjoyable experience can make it all that much sweeter.Wait a couple of days before seeing a new movie that just came out, plan your big vacation for later in the summer, and try to take time to enjoy each bite of dessert.On the opposite, get negative tasks out of the way as quickly as possible—any delay will only make them seem worse.
A．Anticipation itself is pleasurable.
B．Decrease unnecessary socializing.
C．Find someone to call or FaceTime.
D．This “growth mindset” helps people stay energized.
E．Facebook and Instagram often overstate how much better off others are.
F．Nothing is more important for our psychological health than high quality friendships.
G．They recover from illnesses more quickly, live longer, and enjoy more enriched lives.
答案分析
A
解析：根据下文“Looking forward…enjoy each bite of dessert.”可知，本段主要是说对未来美好的期待会使这段经历更加美好，A项“期待本身就是令人愉快的。”符合语境，故选A。
People who focus more on process than outcome tend to remain motivated in the face of setbacks.They're better at sticking with major challenges and prefer them over the easy route.2(____) Because it celebrates rewards that come from the work itself.Focusing only on the outcome can lead to premature burnout if things don't go well.
A．Anticipation itself is pleasurable.
B．Decrease unnecessary socializing.
C．Find someone to call or FaceTime.
D．This “growth mindset” helps people stay energized.
E．Facebook and Instagram often overstate how much better off others are.
F．Nothing is more important for our psychological health than high quality friendships.
G．They recover from illnesses more quickly, live longer, and enjoy more enriched lives.
答案分析
D
解析：根据上文“People…over the easy route.”可知，关注过程比关注结果更能激励人们面对挫折，结合本段末句“Focusing…don't go well.”可知，只关注结果会使人倦怠，空处应是描述与之相反的关注过程的积极影响，D项“这种‘成长心态'帮助人们保持精力充沛。”符合语境，故选D。
3(____) Find an activity that allows you to get together with friends on a regular, ongoing basis.A weekly happy hour, poker night, or TV show ensures consistency and motivation in your social interactions.People with high quality relationships are not only happier, but also healthier.4(____)
A．Anticipation itself is pleasurable.
B．Decrease unnecessary socializing.
C．Find someone to call or FaceTime.
D．This “growth mindset” helps people stay energized.
E．Facebook and Instagram often overstate how much better off others are.
F．Nothing is more important for our psychological health than high quality friendships.
G．They recover from illnesses more quickly, live longer, and enjoy more enriched lives.
答案分析
F
解析：根据下文“Find an activity…but also healthier.”可知，本段主要讲友谊对心理健康的重要作用，F项“没有什么比高质量的友谊对我们的心理健康更重要的了。”符合语境，故选F。
3(____) Find an activity that allows you to get together with friends on a regular, ongoing basis.A weekly happy hour, poker night, or TV show ensures consistency and motivation in your social interactions.People with high quality relationships are not only happier, but also healthier.4(____)
A．Anticipation itself is pleasurable.
B．Decrease unnecessary socializing.
C．Find someone to call or FaceTime.
D．This “growth mindset” helps people stay energized.
E．Facebook and Instagram often overstate how much better off others are.
F．Nothing is more important for our psychological health than high quality friendships.
G．They recover from illnesses more quickly, live longer, and enjoy more enriched lives.
答案分析
G
解析：根据上文“People with high quality relationships are not only happier, but also healthier.”可知，高质量的友谊不仅使人更加快乐，而且使人更加健康，G项“他们从疾病中恢复得更快，活得更长久，享受更丰富的生活。”符合语境，持续讲述高质量友谊对健康的好处，故选G。
The next time you are attracted to use your phone to look through social media, look through your list of contacts instead.5(____) The happiness you get from a real connection with another person will be far greater than any comments or likes you get on social media.
A．Anticipation itself is pleasurable.
B．Decrease unnecessary socializing.
C．Find someone to call or FaceTime.
D．This “growth mindset” helps people stay energized.
E．Facebook and Instagram often overstate how much better off others are.
F．Nothing is more important for our psychological health than high quality friendships.
G．They recover from illnesses more quickly, live longer, and enjoy more enriched lives.
答案分析
C
解析：空前“The next time…your list of contacts instead.”提到，如果要浏览社交媒体时，就看看通讯录，结合下文“The happiness…on social media.”可知，空处应承接上文，引起下文，C项“找一个可以打电话或视频通话的人。”符合语境，故选C。
