必修第三册 UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
clinic；complain；faint；precious；principle；whisper
Li Hua，an energetic medical student，was walking by a kindergarten when an accident happened.A pregnant woman tripped over and 1.fainted.Seeing this，her first response was to conduct first aid，but a passer by 2.whispered to her “Think twice.” She was in a moral dilemma．After a short hesitation，she chose to send the woman to a 3.clinic.A physician who had just retired came to assist her.However，her mother spoke sharp words and 4.complained about this for fear of a blackmail(敲诈)．Li Hua became scared．A chain of terrible thoughts flashing through her mind，she was almost in despair，and therefore could not sleep until midnight．Her father's words carried her through the hard time.“Patients tend to entrust a doctor with life and a doctor will save a patient with all the might．What is more 5.precious than life How can you reject your duty and ignore your 6.principles？” The following day，she found the pregnant woman's husband waiting in front of her classroom.He thanked Li Hua again and again in tears．At last，her tension was replaced with pride.
提示：加底纹词汇为本单元复现词汇
1 respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应(→response n．回答；回复；反应)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Surprised by her response (respond)，I left with a mixture of gratitude，humility，respect and shame.
②I am writing in response to your last letter asking me for advice on how to apply for a scholarship．
[能力提升]——微写作
③每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。
Every time I asked him for advice，he would respond to/make a response to me immediately．(人物介绍)
(1)respond to 对……做出回应或反应；答复
(2)in response to 对……的答复；对……做出反应
make a/no response to
对……做出回应/不予回答
[语料积累] He was smiling and responding in pride, looking back at her as if to say, “You got that right.” (语言、动作描写)
他微笑着，自豪地回应，回头看着她，好像在说：“你说得对。”
2 appoint vt.任命；委派(→appointment n．约会；任命；预约；委任→appointed adj.约定的；指定的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①I have something urgent to handle and therefore，I will appoint my brother to meet(meet) you at the airport.
[能力提升]——微写作
②得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。
Learning that you have been appointed as/to be chairman of the student council，I sincerely congratulate you.(祝贺信)
(1)appoint sb.as/to be… 任命某人为……
appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(2)make/have an appointment (with sb.)(与某人)约会/预约
[语料积累] (2021·北京卷)We have made an appointment to go out this weekend, but I'm so sorry that I can't keep my promise.(道歉信)
我们曾约定这个周末一起外出，但很抱歉我无法遵守诺言了。
3 tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于(→tendency n．趋势；趋向)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①She has a tendency (tend) to overthink small details.
[能力提升]——微写作
②在传统节日期间，中国人往往与家人团聚，共享美食和故事。
During traditional festivals, Chinese people tend to gather with their families, sharing meals and stories.(节日介绍)
③每当我妹妹生病时，我妈妈都会照料她。
Whenever my little sister feels sick，my mother tends to her．(动作描写)
(1)tend to do… 倾向于做……；往往做……
tend to sb./sth. 照料；照管；护理
(2)have a tendency to do… 有做……的倾向
[语料积累] ①tend her garden and water the flowers(人物介绍)
照料着她的花园，给花儿浇水
②In recent years, there has been a tendency for people to focus more on their mental health.(现象介绍)
近年来，人们越来越倾向于关注自己的心理健康。
4 scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓(→scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①After watching a scary(scare) film in the cinema，she was scared of walking home alone and therefore，she called a taxi.
②One of the old customs during the New Year is setting off fireworks，which is said to scare away the monster Nian.
[能力提升]——微写作
③意识到自己的错误后，我胆怯地低下了头，不敢看父亲那张阴云密布的脸。
Having realized my mistake，I bowed my head timidly, scared to look at my father's cloudy face．(心理描写)
(1)scare sb.into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事
scare (…) away (把……)吓跑
(2)be scared to do sth. 害怕/不敢做某事
be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某事
be scared to death 吓得要死
[语料积累] As soon as I saw the bear returning with a scary look in its eyes, I was nearly scared to death, frozen in place by terror.(动作描写)
当我看到那只熊带着令人恐惧的眼神再次出现时，我惊恐地呆在原地，几乎被吓死了 。
5 replace vt.接替；取代；更换
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Due to diet restrictions, you can replace the sugar with/by another material in this recipe.
②After an injury, Thompson is expected to replace Williams as the defence.
③Electric cars are starting to take the place of traditional ones for a cleaner future.
[能力提升]——微写作
④在教室里，当她最好的朋友缺席时，简总是坐在她的位置上，让这个座位充满了温暖和回忆。
In her classroom, Jane always sat in place of her best friend when she was absent, keeping the seat warm and filled with memories.(情感描写)
(1)replace sth.with/by sth. 用某物替换某物
replace sb.as… 取代某人成为……
(2)in place of sb./sth. 代替；顶替
take sb.'s/sth.'s place＝take the place of sb./sth. 代替；替换
[语料积累] ①replace his broken old bicycle with a new one for his birthday(动作描写)
在他生日时给他换一辆新的自行车来替代那辆旧的坏掉的
②I'm sorry for breaking your vase by accident．I promise to replace it as soon as possible.(道歉信)
很抱歉无意之中打破了你的花瓶。我保证会尽快换掉它。
6 whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①He gently whispered the shocking fact in her ear to avoid disturbing the other reading people in the library.
②It was whispered (whisper) among the curious neighbors that Mrs Johnson might sell her lovely house and move to the city.
[能力提升]——微写作
③在早高峰时段拥挤不堪的火车上，莎拉紧张地对马克低声说她觉得他们错过站点了。
On the extremely crowded train during the early morning rush, Sarah nervously whispered to Mark that she thought they had missed their stop.(神态描写)
(1)whisper to sb. 与某人耳语
whisper sth.in one's ear 在某人耳旁小声说某事
It is/was whispered that… 据传闻……
(2)in a whisper/whispers 耳语地；低声地
[语料积累] “I can't believe the twist in the plot！” exclaimed Sarah, following it in a whisper as she remembered they were in a theater.(语言、动作描写)
“我简直不敢相信剧情的这个转折！”莎拉叫道，然后突然意识到他们在剧院里，于是压低了声音。
7 assist vt.帮助；援助(→assistance n．帮助；援助→assistant n．助手；助理)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①I am writing to convey my sincere gratitude to your shop assistant who came to my assistance when I fainted in your shop.(assist)
[能力提升]——微写作
②作为对你上封信的回复，我确保我会在英语口语方面帮你。首先，我会帮你改正你的发音。
In response to your last letter，I make sure that I will assist you with your oral English．Firstly, I will assist you to correct your pronunciation.(建议信)
③在你的帮助下，我将为会议做充分的准备。
With your assistance, I will make full preparations for the meeting.(感谢信)
(1)assist sb.to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb.with/in sth. 在某方面帮助某人
(2)come/go to one's assistance 来/去援助某人
with the assistance of… 在……的帮助下
[语料积累] (2023·天津3月卷)Whether it's helping a classmate with their studies, assisting a teacher with classroom duties, or volunteering for community services, Zhang Jian is always there to lend a hand.(人物介绍)
无论是帮助同学学习、协助老师管理班级，还是参加社区志愿服务，张健都积极地参与其中。
8 harm n．& vt.伤害；损害(→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的；不致伤害的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空/补全句子
①Peter might look a bit fierce, but actually he's fairly harmless(harm)．
②Being addicted to online games is harmful to/does harm to (对……有害)our physical and mental health.Therefore, there is no harm in getting rid of it(戒掉它没有害处)．
[能力提升]——一句多译
③众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。
→It is known to us that eating too much junk food does harm to our health．(harm n．)
→It is known to us that eating too much junk food is harmful to our health．(harmful)
(1)do sb.harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害
There is no harm (in) doing sth. 做某事无害处。
(2)be harmful to 对……有害
[语料积累] ①wear proper gear to avoid harm to your body(活动介绍)
穿戴适当的装备，以避免对身体造成伤害
②make sure they aren't harmful to the environment(环境保护)
确保它们对环境无害
③I cupped my hand over the phone，whispering to her that I meant no harm．(动作描写)
我用手捂住电话，低声告诉她我没有恶意。
9 carry sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过难关
[基础检测]——用carry的相关短语填空
①It was evident from the first that he never intended to carry out his promise.
②John carried on with the business when the war was over.
③Jane carried off all the prizes，which made her parents proud.
[能力提升]——微写作
④家人的关爱帮助她度过了那段艰难的岁月。
Her family members' love and care carried her through those tough years/times.
carry on 开展；举行；进行(生意、谈话等)
carry out 实施；实行；执行；进行；履行(诺言、义务等)
carry on doing sth./with sth. 继续做某事(相当于go on with)
carry off 赢得；获得(奖品、荣誉等)
carry sth. through 成功完成，顺利实现
[语料积累] There's no point in starting the task unless you're prepared to carry it through to the end.(建议信)
如果你不准备干到底的话，动手做这一工作是毫无意义的。
10 in memory of 作为对……的纪念
[基础检测]——用in的相关短语填空
①In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.
②You should keep calm even in face of danger.
③I'll be in charge of the whole factory next week when the director is away.
④Hearing about his idea, some were in favour of his suggestion, but others were strongly against it.
[能力提升]——句式改写
⑤The museum was set up as a memorial to those who died in the disaster.
→The museum was set up in memory of those who died in the disaster.(同义句改写)
in honour of 为了纪念；为向……表示敬意
in terms of 谈及；就……而言；在……方面
in charge of 负责；掌管
in case of 万一
in face of 面临；面对
in favour of 支持，赞同
[语料积累] (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)We held a series of activities in memory of the doctors who gave their lives to the country.(活动介绍)
我们举办了一系列的活动来纪念那些为了国家而献出生命的医生。
11 句型公式：先行词为抽象地点名词的定语从句
(教材原句)A moral dilemma is a situation in which you have two or more difficult choices to make.
道德困境是指你面临两个或更多让你很难做出选择的情况。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①(2024·浙江1月卷)Then she concentrated on jogging to the spot where the track curved.
②Though they rejected our proposal, there was one point that/which we must insist on.
[能力提升]——句型转换
③Today, we'll discuss a number of cases.Beginners of English fail to use the language properly in these cases.
→Today, we'll discuss a number of cases where/in which beginners of English fail to use the language properly．(定语从句)
(1)当先行词是stage、point、case、situation、position、 job、business、scene等表示抽象地点的名词，并且定语从句缺少状语时，用where或in which 来引导定语从句；
(2)抽象名词后面的定语从句若缺少主语或宾语，则用 that/which 来引导。
[语料积累] The teenager gave a detailed description of the scene where he narrowly escaped being hit by a passing car.
这个青少年详细地描述了他险些被一辆路过的汽车撞到的情景。
12 句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义
(教材原句)To a person nothing is more precious than their life...
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……
[基础检测]——微写作
①我以前从未遇到过比他更热心肠的人。
I have never met a more kind－hearted person than him before.(人物描写)
[能力提升]——句式改写
②We do believe that you are the most suitable for this competition.
→We do believe that there is no one more suitable than you for this competition.(同义句改写)
“否定词＋比较级”结构中常用的否定词有no，no one，not，never，nothing，nobody等。
[语料积累] (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)“I have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one！” the mother responded excitedly.(语言、动作描写)
“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！”妈妈激动地回答道。
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．She was in tears when she read the heartfelt letter from her best friend.
2．Move this box or someone might trip over it.
3．I'm writing to complain about/of my recent trip to Australia through your travel agency.
4．Typically，fishing is a hobby which calls for a great deal of patience.
1．trip over 被……绊倒
2．complain (to sb.) about/of sth. (向某人)抱怨某事
3．a great deal (of) 大量
4．in tears 流着泪；含着泪
5．in a dilemma 处于困境中
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——形容词后缀 ic/ (a)tic
形容词后缀 ic/ (a)tic表示“属于……的；具有……性质的”。例如本单元中的单词：energetic (adj. 精力充沛的；充满活力的)是由名词energy(精力)将y变e＋后缀 tic转化而来。形容词后缀 ic/ (a)tic的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．The school holds periodic meetings with parents to discuss students' progress and address any concerns.adj. 定期的；周期的
2．There was a dramatic change in the weather, with the sunny sky turning dark and stormy in minutes. adj. 巨大的
3．The scientist took a systematic approach to the experiment, carefully documenting each step and result. adj. 系统的
4．She was very sympathetic to her friend's situation and offered to help in any way she could. adj. 有同情心的
5．Her optimistic attitude helps her stay positive even when things don't go as planned. adj. 乐观的
板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．sharp
A.adj.急剧的 B．adj.敏锐的 C．adj.锋利的 D．adv.整点地 E．adj.急转的 F．adj.(声音)突然而响亮的
(1)(2023·浙江1月卷)Suddenly，Ziyad let out a sharp cry.Within seconds，he'd slid down the trunk and was back on the ground.F
(2)Recently there has been a sharp decline in interest in gardening throughout the town.A
(3)I was approaching a fairly sharp bend that swept downhill to the left.E
(4)She planned to unlock the shop at 8：00 sharp the next morning.D
(5)(2021·北京卷)I got a seat opposite a middle aged man with sharp eyes，who kept watching a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap.B
(6)She had her finger cut by a sharp knife by accident while she was cutting potatoes.C
2．retire
A.v.(因伤病)退出(比赛) B．v.退休；退职；退役 C．v.离开；退下 D．v.就寝；上床睡觉
(1)(2023·全国乙卷)Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.B
(2)She retired from the competition after pulling a leg muscle.A
(3)After dinner our host said, “Shall we retire to the drawing room？”C
(4)It had been a long day, so I retired early.D
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．(1)(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable.v. 运转
(2)The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self－driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.v. 操纵
(3)(2023·浙江1月卷)InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low－impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.v. 经营，运营
[点拨]operate (熟义) vi.动手术。此处(1)意为“运转”，(2)意为“操纵”，(3)意为“经营，运营”。
2．But he's nervous.“I'm here to tell you today why you should…should…” Chris trips on the “－ld”， a pronunciation difficulty for many non－native English speakers.v. 讲话磕巴
[点拨]trip (熟义) n．旅行 vi. 绊，绊倒。此处意为“讲话磕巴”。
3．There is always a chance that the body will reject the transplant.v. 排斥，排异(移植的器官)
[点拨]reject (熟义) vt.拒绝接受；不录用。此处意为“排斥，排异(移植的器官)”。
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配/
单元语法(动词 ing形式作宾补和状语)
1．In response to the growing concerns about pollution, the school started a campaign to reduce waste and encourage recycling.
2．They appointed Emma to organize (organize) the school play, knowing she had a talent for directing and managing events.
3．People tend to be (be) more productive in the morning when they are well rested and focused.
4．The boy was scared to ride (ride) the roller coaster, but his friends encouraged him, and he ended up enjoying it.
5．The teacher assisted the students to complete (complete) the science experiment by explaining each step carefully and providing guidance.
6．Eating too much junk food can be harmful (harm) to your health, leading to obesity and other serious conditions.
7．As the old saying goes, “A workman must sharpen (sharp) his tools if he is to do his work well.”
8．After dressing up, he sat close to his friend, whispering (whisper) something to him.
9．The majority (major) of students show great respect for their teachers.
10．Listening to music at home is one thing；going to hear it being performed (perform) live is quite another.
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．她是第一个到达聚会的人。
She was the first person to arrive at the party．(人物描写)
2．据传闻，新老师能流利地讲三种语言。
It was whispered that the new teacher could speak three languages fluently．(人物介绍)
3．几十年来，这座老房子见证了几代人的生活。
Over the decades, the old house witnessed the lives of several generations．(地点描写)
4．The sun set behind the hills, and the campers prepared for a peaceful night under the stars.(场景描写)
→The sun setting behind the hills, the campers prepared for a peaceful night under the stars．(独立主格)
5．Winning the first place in the school competition was the most exciting.(事件介绍)
→Nothing was more exciting than winning the first place in the school competition．(变为“否定词＋比较级”)
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
请你以“我最敬佩的人”为主题写一篇短文，向你校英文报投稿。
There are many respectable people around us.1.The first to come to my mind(我首先想到的；序数词作主语) is Uncle Li.
He has been hired as a guard in our community since a decade ago.Though his work may be boring, 2.he never complains about it and tends to be energetic(他从不抱怨，总是精力充沛).3.Not only does he carry on working but he also spends a great deal of time assisting those in need(他不仅坚持工作，还花大量时间帮助需要帮助的人；not only…but also…倒装句)．
Therefore, he has been elected as a role model in our community because of his virtues and contributions.
维度二 读后续写微技能13——动作细节描
写：“头部”动作
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
1．head first 头朝前 2．bury one's head under the quilt 把头埋在被子里 3．raise one's head 抬起头 4．rest one's head on one's shoulder 把某人的头靠在某人的肩膀上 5．head down 低着头 6．drop one's head 低头 7．bury one's head in one's hands 双手抱头 8．nod/shake one's head 点/摇头 9．nod at sb. 对某人点了点头 10．scratch one's head 挠头 11．throw one's head back 把头往后仰 12．look up 抬头看
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．我慢慢地向公共汽车走去，低着头，眼里含着泪水。
I walked slowly to the bus, my head down, tears in my eyes．(独立主格结构)
2．乔迅速抬起头看，好像要说话，但她改变了主意。
Jo looked up quickly, as if about to speak, but changed her mind．(名篇《小妇人》)
3．他回到家，把头埋在被子里，假装睡着了。
When he got home, he buried his head under the quilt, pretending to be asleep．
4．我站起身来，坐在母亲身边，把头靠在她的肩膀上，忍不住哭了起来。
I rose to my feet, sat close to my mother, rested my head on her shoulder and couldn't help weeping．
5．她的学生们反应迅速、正确——他们头朝里，爬到课桌下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。
Her students' reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks. (译林版必修三U2)
任务2 语段表达
During the math test, Jamie felt confused and 1.began to scratch his head (开始挠他的头), trying to remember the formulas. Each time he looked at a difficult question, 2.he would drop his head (他就会低头), feeling overwhelmed. Beside him, Mia was deep in thought, 3.her head buried in her hands (她双手抱头), as if isolating herself from distractions. When the teacher announced that only five minutes remained, Jamie glanced at Mia, who suddenly looked up and 4.nodded at him (对他点了点头), as if encouraging him to keep going. Jamie smiled weakly and 5.shook his head (摇头), doubting if he could finish in time. But inspired by Mia's gesture, he refocused and continued.
————基础默测—————
默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．kindergarten n. 学前班；幼儿园
2．insurance n. 保险；保险业
3．export n. 出口；出口商品 vt. 出口；输出；传播
4．moral adj. 道德的；道义上的 n. 品行；道德；寓意
5．dilemma n. 进退两难的境地；困境
6．physician n. 医师；(尤指)内科医生
7．pole n. (行星的)极；地极
8．pregnant adj. 怀孕的；妊娠的
9．disguise vt. 装扮；假扮；掩盖 n. 伪装；化装用具
10．might n. 力量；威力
二、核心单词写得准
1．principle n. 道德原则；法则；原则
2．passive adj. 被动的；顺从的
3．union n. 协会；联合会；工会
4．decade n. 十年；十年期
5．virtue n. 高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
6．precious adj. 珍稀的；宝贵的
7．whisper vi. & vt. 悄声说；耳语；低语 n. 耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
8．chain n. 一连串(人或事)；链子；链条
9．despair n. 绝望 vi. 绝望；感到无望
10．therefore adv. 因此；所以
三、拓展单词通变化
1．marry v. (和某人)结婚；嫁；娶→marriage n. 结婚；婚姻
2．scholar n. 学者→scholarship n. 奖学金
3．tend vt. 照顾；照料 vi. 倾向；趋于→tendency n. 趋势；趋向
4．sharp adj. (增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharply adv. 急剧地；严厉地→sharpen vt. 削尖；磨快；(使)提高
5．accident n. 事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj. 意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv. 偶然地
6．memory n. 记忆力；回忆→memoriz(s)e vt. 记住；记忆
7．harm n. & vt. 伤害；损害→harmful adj. 有害的→harmfully adv. 有害地→harmless adj. 无害的
8．tense adj. 紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的 n. (动词的)时态→tension n. 紧张关系；紧张；焦虑
9．appoint vt. 任命；委派→appointment n. 约会；任命；委任→appointed adj. 约定的；指定的
10．flexible adj. 灵活的；可变通的→flexibly adv. 灵活地→flexibility n. 灵活性
四、重点词块明搭配
1．carry sb.through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关
2．tend to do sth. 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
3．pass away 去世
4．in memory of 作为对……的纪念
5．in tears 流着泪；含着泪
6．trip over 被……绊倒
7．in despair 处于绝望中
8．a great deal (of) 大量
9．moral dilemma 道德困境
10．entrust me with that life 把生命托付给我
五、教材佳句会运用
1．对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了…… (否定词和比较级连用表示最高级)
To a person nothing is more precious than their life…
2．她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。(不定式短语作后置定语)
She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
3．中华人民共和国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了更大的作用。(无灵主语句)
The new People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.
4．过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。(独立主格)
After a while, a group of women came along, each balancing a pot of water on her head．
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．His virtues (美德) of honesty and being outspoken are setting an example for the younger generation.
2．Time is the most precious (宝贵的) and once lost, it can never be regained.
3．Their marriage was more than a union (联合) of two individuals; it was a mixture of two families, bringing them together in shared love and respect.
4．Students should not be passive (被动的) receivers of knowledge, but active participants in their learning process.
5．He leaned over to whisper (耳语) a secret into her ear, making sure no one else could hear.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Handling customer complaints (complain) in a calm and efficient manner is crucial for maintaining a company's reputation.
2．The sudden loud noise was so scary (scare) that she jumped out of her seat.
3．If you find the topic challenging, don't hesitate to ask the teacher for assistance (assist)．
4．Making a dentist appointment (appoint) is essential if you haven't had a check up in a while.
5．It's essential to understand that everyone faces rejection (reject) at some point.
Ⅲ.选词填空
in despair；pass away；trip over；first aid；a great deal of
1．Mandela passed away at the age of 95, making the people of South Africa very sad.
2．Bella was in despair and felt she had no one to rely on in the world.
3．Thanks to papermaking and printing, a great deal of ancient information has been kept in books.
4．I helped an old lady who tripped over by a fallen branch on the road.
5．The knowledge of first aid is a necessity, which can save someone's life.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．我真的很想采访杨利伟，因为他不仅是第一个去太空的中国人，还是世界上最伟大的航天员之一。(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do…)
I would really like to interview Yang Liwei because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.
2．就我而言，没有什么比在同学面前被老师表扬更好的了。(否定词和比较级连用表示最高级)
As far as I'm concerned, there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.
3．(2022·全国甲卷)过去的三十年已经见证了中国在保护海洋方面的成就。(无灵主语句)
The past three decades have witnessed China's achievements in protecting the oceans.
课时作业13
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2025·八省联考)
Jim Johnson, a mail carrier, was an institution in the leafy Westmoreland, Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods, just north of downtown Wilmington, where he delivered much more than the mail.He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball.When he wasn't doing all that, Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns(草坪) to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise.
Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on.In many communities, that trust is won every day when life saving medicine, greeting cards, social security checks, college acceptance letters—even the bills—appear in mailboxes in front of the houses.
After more than three decades, Jim approached his final days on the job much like any other.He drove a boxy postal truck to North DuPont Road for the first unofficial stop of the day.Butch, a dog who belonged to one of the neighbors, was waiting just like every day before.And just like every day before, he got into the jump seat and they were off.On the route, Jim and Butch had become inseparable.Now, the dog and the mailman would ride off to retirement together.At every stop, Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own.There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memories.
It's been 33 years since Jim left the route, but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier.That's what the postal service means to us.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了邮递员Jim Johnson在多年的工作中与社区居民建立的深厚感情。
1．What do we know about Jim Johnson from the first paragraph？( C )
A．He's open minded. B．He's sharp eyed.
C．He's warm hearted. D．He's strong willed.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of curveball.”可知，Jim不仅送信，还帮助居民做很多事情，记住每个孩子和宠物的名字，帮忙送杂货，关注居民安全，教孩子们打球，这些行为都体现了他热心善良的性格特征，故选C。
2．What does the underlined word “disparaged” in paragraph 2 mean？( B )
A．Refused. B．Criticized.
C．Investigated. D．Suspended.
解析：词义猜测题。文章第二段提到“Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on.”，根据Though可知，上下文形成转折关系，表示虽然邮政服务现在经常受到负面评价，但人们对当地邮局服务的信任依然存在。因此“disparaged”的意思与criticized最接近，故选B。
3．What did Jim do besides daily delivery on his final days of work？( D )
A．He drove Butch to its owner.
B．He sent presents to his friends.
C．He prepared a retirement party.
D．He said goodbye to the neighbors.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段的“At every stop, Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own.There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memories.”可知，在最后的工作日，Jim在每个停靠点都接受了居民们的道别祝福，故选D。
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text？( A )
A．To remember a respected mail carrier.
B．To record an unforgettable experience.
C．To raise funds for the postal service.
D．To call for harmony in the community.
解析：写作目的题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段的“It's been 33 years since Jim left the route, but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier.” 可知，作者的写作目的是要纪念这位受人尊敬的邮递员Jim，展现他与社区之间建立的深厚情谊，故选A。
(2024·浙江杭州高三质检)
Is forgiveness against our human nature To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity.The first view involves dominance and power.In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll made the interesting claim that humans' essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows.Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm.In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans.Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others.Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart.Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.For example, how well has slavery(奴隶制) worked as a mode of social harmony
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony.Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger.At least to an extent the people from whom you are estranged(不和的) accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments.Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note, when we take a classical Realism philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality.We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了两种关于原谅的观点，说明了原谅的好处，并告诉读者原谅是可以通过训练提升的。
5．What is Droll's idea about forgiveness？( D )
A．People should offer mercy to others.
B．Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
C.Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D．People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.”可知，Droll认为原谅别人的人在宽恕他人的时候也在损害自己的幸福，而被宽恕的人可能会利用他们，故D项正确。
6．What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate？( B )
A．To forgive is to love.
B．To dominate is to harm.
C．To fight is to grow.
D．To give is to receive.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.”可知，支配他人的意志并不能促成和谐的互动。由此可以推断，作者举奴隶制这个例子是为了说明“支配他人就是伤害”，故B项正确。
7．What is the writer's attitude toward forgiveness？( A )
A．Favorable. B．Reserved.
C．Objective. D．Skeptical.
解析：观点态度题。根据第三段中的“one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger…Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.”和第四段中的“We are not necessarily…with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.”可知，作者认为原谅可以减少仇恨，恢复和谐，打破愤怒的循环，愈合关系，将人们再次联系在一起，且人们应该学习原谅并提升原谅的能力。由此可知，作者对原谅持支持的态度，故A项正确。
8．What is the message of the last paragraph？( C )
A．Forgiveness is in our nature.
B．Forgiveness grows with time.
C．It takes practice to forgive.
D．Actuality is based on potentiality.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We are not necessarily…with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving…develops with practice.”可知，我们不一定天生就有原谅的能力，但我们有潜力学习原谅并提升我们原谅的能力，原谅是随着练习而发展的，故C项正确。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2024·湖北宜昌高三模拟)
A few days before my high school ended, I was sitting in my English class.My classmates were talking about who would be the first person to shed tears at __1__.Then, everyone looked at me, and I began to __2__ right then and there.I am not an emotional person, but the __3__ of leaving this place hit me hard.I never knew how much this building and the people in it __4__ to me, until my last days.
High school isn't for everyone, but there is something for everyone in high school.You just have to __5__ out what your “thing” is.I __6__ found my “thing” in high school and that was Student Government.For once I had a(n) __7__.I served as the representative of my class, and it gave me a __8__ to convey not only my own, but my classmates'__9__ to teachers and our school.
But there were a lot of times when I felt __10__.I sat in the classroom looking at the clock, __11__ for the end of school day.I __12__ the days until summer like it was my job.But now I __13__ I could take back all of those moments.
My biggest __14__ to anyone still in high school is to make your school a place where you want to go.High school goes by very quickly.You only get one chance to be a high schooler, so take __15__ of it.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在高中毕业前的经历和感悟，表达了对离别的不舍与对高中生活的珍惜。作者希望高中生利用好高中的时间，实现自己的目标。
1．( B )A.school B．graduation
C．break D．random
解析：句意：同学们在讨论谁会是第一个在毕业典礼上流泪的人。根据上文的“A few days before my high school ended, I was sitting in my English class.”可知，“我”的高中生活即将结束，因此学校要举行毕业仪式。故选B项。school学校；graduation毕业典礼； break休息；random随机。
2．( A )A.cry B．lie
C．sing D．sigh
解析：句意：然后，每个人都看着我，我就在那时哭了起来。根据上文的“My classmates were talking about who would be the first person to shed tears”可知，“我”就在那时哭了起来。故选A项。cry 哭泣；lie 说谎； sing 唱歌；sigh 叹息。
3．( D )A.proposal B．option
C．possibility D．thought
解析：句意：我不是一个情绪化的人，但是一想到要离开这个地方，我就很难受。根据本句中的“leaving this place hit me hard”可知，一想到要毕业了就使“我”很难受。故选D项。proposal 提议；option 选项； possibility 可能性；thought 想法。
4．( A )A.meant B．replied
C．reacted D．faded
解析：句意：直到最后的日子，我才知道这栋楼和里面的人对我有多么重要。根据上文的“leaving this place hit me hard”可知，学校对“我”来说意义重大。故选A项。mean意味着；reply回答； react反应；fade褪色。
5．( B )A.bring B．figure
C．cross D．carry
解析：句意：你只需要弄清楚你的“目标”是什么。根据上文的“there is something for everyone in high school”可知，你要弄清楚在高中阶段想要得到什么。figure out意为“弄清楚”。故选B项。bring 带来；figure 计算； cross 穿过；carry 承载。
6．( C )A.anxiously B．bravely
C．luckily D．initially
解析：句意：我很幸运地在高中找到了我的“目标”，那就是学生会。根据本句中的“found my ‘thing’ in high school and that was Student Government”可知，“我”找到了在高中阶段想要的东西，因此“我”是幸运的。故选C项。anxiously 焦虑地；bravely 勇敢地； luckily 幸运地；initially 最初地(课标生僻词)。
7．( C )A.organization B．impression
C．voice D．discovery
解析：句意：这一次我终于有了发言权。根据下文的“I served as the representative of my class”可知，“我”作为班级代表可以向学校提建议，因此“我”有发言权。故选C项。organization组织；impression印象； voice声音，发言权；discovery发现。
8．( B )A.benefit B．chance
C．challenge D．purpose
解析：句意：我担任了班级代表，这给了我一个机会，不仅可以向老师和学校传达我自己的想法，也可以传达我的同学们的想法。根据本句中的“I served as the representative of my class”可知，“我”作为班级代表有机会向学校提建议。故选B项。benefit好处；chance机会； challenge挑战；purpose目的。
9．( C )A.objectives B．principles
C．concerns D．updates
解析：句意同上。根据“I served as the representative of my class, and it gave me a __8__ to convey not only my own”可知，“我”作为班级代表有机会向学校提建议，把自己和同学们关心的问题反映给学校。故选C项。objective目标；principle原则；concern关心的问题，关注；update更新。
10．( A )A.disturbed B．sheltered
C．alarmed D．inspired
解析：句意：但有很多时候，我感到烦恼。根据本句的But表示转折和下文的“I sat in the classroom looking at the clock, __11__ for the end of school day.”可知，“我”有时会盼望在学校的一天快点过去，因此“我”应是感到烦恼的。故选A项。disturbed烦恼的，不安的；sheltered庇护的；alarmed惊恐的；inspired启发的。
11．( D )A.applauding B．searching
C．fighting D．longing
解析：句意：我坐在教室里看着时钟，渴望着一天的学习结束。根据语境及上文的“But there were a lot of times when I felt __10__.”可知，“我”有时会盼望在学校的一天快点过去。故选D项。applaud鼓掌；search搜索；fight打斗；long渴望。
12．( A )A.counted down B．went through
C．set aside D．put off
解析：句意：我数着日子等着夏天的到来，仿佛那是我的工作。根据上文的“I sat in the classroom looking at the clock, __11__ for the end of school day.”可知，“我”有时会盼望在学校的一天快点过去，因此会开始数日子，等待暑假的来临。故选A项。count down倒计时，倒着数；go through经历；set aside留出；put off推迟。
13．( C )A.promise B．assume
C．pray D．realize
解析：句意：但现在我祈祷我可以收回所有的那些时刻。根据上文的“I __12__ the days until summer like it was my job.”及本句中的But可知，“我”希望过去数日子的事情没有发生，因此应是祈祷能追回那些日子。故选C项。promise承诺； assume假设； pray祈祷；realize实现。
14．( B )A.support B．advice
C．rule D．warning
解析：句意：我对还在上高中的人最大的建议是，让你的学校成为你想去的地方。根据本句中的“make your school a place where you want to go”可知，“我”通过自身的经历给高中生提建议：让你的学校成为你想去的地方。故选B项。support 支持；advice 建议； rule 规则；warning警告。
15．( D )A.account B．notice
C．control D．advantage
解析：句意：你只有一次成为高中生的机会，所以要好好利用它。根据本句中的“You only get one chance to be a high schooler”可知，“我”建议高中生利用好这段时间，因为机会只有一次。take advantage of意为“充分利用”。故选D项。account 账户；notice 注意； control 控制；advantage 优势。(共91张PPT)
简洁
实用
高效
UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
RJ英语
必修第三册
内容索引
词汇复现 语境串记
高效课堂 考点突破
多维演练 素养提升
第一部分
第二部分
第三部分
重难考点
拾遗考点
A
B
课时作业13
第五部分
基础默测
第四部分
默写达标
基础检测
A
B
词汇复现 语境串记
第
分
部
一
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
Li Hua，an energetic medical student，was walking by a kindergarten when an accident happened.A pregnant woman tripped over and 1.fainted.Seeing this，her first response was to conduct first aid，but a passer by 2.whispered to her “Think twice.” She was in a moral dilemma．After a short hesitation，she chose to send the woman to a 3.clinic.A physician who had just retired came to assist her.However，her mother spoke sharp words and 4.complained about this for fear of a blackmail(敲诈)．Li Hua became scared．A chain of terrible thoughts flashing through her mind，she was almost in despair，and therefore could not sleep until midnight．Her father's words carried her through the hard time.“Patients tend to entrust a doctor with life and a doctor will save a patient with all the might．What is more 5.precious than life How can you reject your duty and ignore your 6.principles？” The following day，she found the pregnant woman's husband waiting in front of her classroom.He thanked Li Hua again and again in tears．At last，her tension was replaced with pride.
clinic；complain；faint；precious；principle；whisper
fainted
whispered
clinic
complained
precious
principles
高效课堂 考点突破
第
分
部
二
1 respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应(→response n．回答；回复；反应)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Surprised by her response (respond)，I left with a mixture of gratitude，humility，respect and shame.
②I am writing in response to your last letter asking me for advice on how to apply for a scholarship．
[能力提升]——微写作
③每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。
Every time I asked him for advice，he would respond to/make a response to me immediately．(人物介绍)
重难考点
response
in
he would respond to/make a response to me
immediately
(1)respond to 对……做出回应或反应；答复
(2)in response to 对……的答复；对……做出反应
make a/no response to
对……做出回应/不予回答
[语料积累] He was smiling and responding in pride, looking back at her as if to say, “You got that right.” (语言、动作描写)
他微笑着，自豪地回应，回头看着她，好像在说：“你说得对。”
2 appoint vt.任命；委派(→appointment n．约会；任命；预约；委任
→appointed adj.约定的；,指定的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①I have something urgent to handle and therefore，I will appoint my brother to meet (meet) you at the airport.
[能力提升]——微写作
②得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。
Learning that you have been appointed as/to be chairman of the student council，I sincerely congratulate you.(祝贺信)
to meet
you have been appointed as/to be chairman of
(1)appoint sb.as/to be… 任命某人为……
appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(2)make/have an appointment (with sb.)(与某人)约会/预约
[语料积累] (2021·北京卷)We have made an appointment to go out this weekend, but I'm so sorry that I can't keep my promise.(道歉信)
我们曾约定这个周末一起外出，但很抱歉我无法遵守诺言了。
3 tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于(→tendency n．趋势；趋向)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①She has a tendency (tend) to overthink small details.
[能力提升]——微写作
②在传统节日期间，中国人往往与家人团聚，共享美食和故事。
During traditional festivals, Chinese people tend to gather with their families, sharing meals and stories.(节日介绍)
③每当我妹妹生病时，我妈妈都会照料她。
Whenever my little sister feels sick，my mother tends to her．(动作描写)
tendency
tend to gather with their families,
my mother tends to her
(1)tend to do… 倾向于做……；往往做……
tend to sb./sth. 照料；照管；护理
(2)have a tendency to do… 有做……的倾向
[语料积累] ①tend her garden and water the flowers(人物介绍)
照料着她的花园，给花儿浇水
②In recent years, there has been a tendency for people to focus more on their mental health.(现象介绍)
近年来，人们越来越倾向于关注自己的心理健康。
4 scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓(→scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐
惧的→scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①After watching a scary(scare) film in the cinema，she was scared of walking home alone and therefore，she called a taxi.
②One of the old customs during the New Year is setting off fireworks，which is said to scare away the monster Nian.
[能力提升]——微写作
③意识到自己的错误后，我胆怯地低下了头，不敢看父亲那张阴云密布的脸。
Having realized my mistake，I bowed my head timidly, scared to look at my father's cloudy face．(心理描写)
scary
of
away
scared to look at my father's
cloudy face
(1)scare sb.into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事
scare (…) away (把……)吓跑
(2)be scared to do sth. 害怕/不敢做某事
be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某事
be scared to death 吓得要死
[语料积累] As soon as I saw the bear returning with a scary look in its eyes, I was nearly scared to death, frozen in place by terror.(动作描写)
当我看到那只熊带着令人恐惧的眼神再次出现时，我惊恐地呆在原地，几乎被吓死了 。
5 replace vt.接替；取代；更换
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Due to diet restrictions, you can replace the sugar with/by another material in this recipe.
②After an injury, Thompson is expected to replace Williams as the defence.
③Electric cars are starting to take the place of traditional ones for a cleaner future.
[能力提升]——微写作
④在教室里，当她最好的朋友缺席时，简总是坐在她的位置上，让这个座位充满了温暖和回忆。
In her classroom, Jane always sat in place of her best friend when she was absent, keeping the seat warm and filled with memories.(情感描写)
with/by
as
the
in place of
(1)replace sth.with/by sth. 用某物替换某物
replace sb.as… 取代某人成为……
(2)in place of sb./sth. 代替；顶替
take sb.'s/sth.'s place＝take the place of sb./sth. 代替；替换
[语料积累] ①replace his broken old bicycle with a new one for his birthday(动作描写)
在他生日时给他换一辆新的自行车来替代那辆旧的坏掉的
②I'm sorry for breaking your vase by accident．I promise to replace it as soon as possible.(道歉信)
很抱歉无意之中打破了你的花瓶。我保证会尽快换掉它。
6 whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①He gently whispered the shocking fact in her ear to avoid disturbing the other reading people in the library.
②It was whispered (whisper) among the curious neighbors that Mrs Johnson might sell her lovely house and move to the city.
[能力提升]——微写作
③在早高峰时段拥挤不堪的火车上，莎拉紧张地对马克低声说她觉得他们错过站点了。
On the extremely crowded train during the early morning rush, Sarah nervously whispered to Mark that she thought they had missed their stop.(神态描写)
in
was whispered
whispered to Mark that
(1)whisper to sb. 与某人耳语
whisper sth.in one's ear 在某人耳旁小声说某事
It is/was whispered that… 据传闻……
(2)in a whisper/whispers 耳语地；低声地
[语料积累] “I can't believe the twist in the plot！” exclaimed Sarah, following it in a whisper as she remembered they were in a theater.(语言、动作描写)
“我简直不敢相信剧情的这个转折！”莎拉叫道，然后突然意识到他们在剧院里，于是压低了声音。
7 assist vt.帮助；援助(→assistance n．帮助；援助→assistant n．助手；助理)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①I am writing to convey my sincere gratitude to your shop assistant who came to my assistance when I fainted in your shop.(assist)
[能力提升]——微写作
②作为对你上封信的回复，我确保我会在英语口语方面帮你。首先，我会帮你改正你的发音。
In response to your last letter，I make sure that I will assist you with your oral English．Firstly, I will assist you to correct your pronunciation.(建议信)
③在你的帮助下，我将为会议做充分的准备。
With your assistance, I will make full preparations for the meeting.(感谢信)
assistant
assistance
assist you with your oral
English
assist you to correct
With your assistance,
(1)assist sb.to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb.with/in sth. 在某方面帮助某人
(2)come/go to one's assistance 来/去援助某人
with the assistance of… 在……的帮助下
[语料积累] (2023·天津3月卷)Whether it's helping a classmate with their studies, assisting a teacher with classroom duties, or volunteering for community services, Zhang Jian is always there to lend a hand.(人物介绍)
无论是帮助同学学习、协助老师管理班级，还是参加社区志愿服务，张健都积极地参与其中。
8 harm n．& vt.伤害；损害(→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的；
不致伤害的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空/补全句子
①Peter might look a bit fierce, but actually he's fairly harmless(harm)．
②Being addicted to online games is harmful to/does harm to (对……有害)our physical and mental health.Therefore, there is no harm in getting rid of it(戒掉它没有害处)．
[能力提升]——一句多译
③众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。
→It is known to us that eating too much junk food does harm to our health．(harm n．)
→It is known to us that eating too much junk food is harmful to our health．(harmful)
harmless
is harmful to/does harm to
there is no harm in getting rid of it
does harm to our health
is harmful to our health
(1)do sb.harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害
There is no harm (in) doing sth. 做某事无害处。
(2)be harmful to 对……有害
[语料积累] ①wear proper gear to avoid harm to your body(活动介绍)
穿戴适当的装备，以避免对身体造成伤害
②make sure they aren't harmful to the environment(环境保护)
确保它们对环境无害
③I cupped my hand over the phone，whispering to her that I meant no harm．(动作描写)
我用手捂住电话，低声告诉她我没有恶意。
9 carry sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过难关
[基础检测]——用carry的相关短语填空
①It was evident from the first that he never intended to carry out his promise.
②John carried on with the business when the war was over.
③Jane carried off all the prizes，which made her parents proud.
[能力提升]——微写作
④家人的关爱帮助她度过了那段艰难的岁月。
Her family members' love and care carried her through those tough years/times.
carry out
carried on with
carried off
carried her through
carry on 开展；举行；进行(生意、谈话等)
carry out 实施；实行；执行；进行；履行(诺言、义务等)
carry on doing sth./with sth. 继续做某事(相当于go on with)
carry off 赢得；获得(奖品、荣誉等)
carry sth. through 成功完成，顺利实现
[语料积累] There's no point in starting the task unless you're prepared to carry it through to the end.(建议信)
如果你不准备干到底的话，动手做这一工作是毫无意义的。
10 in memory of 作为对……的纪念
[基础检测]——用in的相关短语填空
①In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.
②You should keep calm even in face of danger.
③I'll be in charge of the whole factory next week when the director is away.
④Hearing about his idea, some were in favour of his suggestion, but others were strongly against it.
[能力提升]——句式改写
⑤The museum was set up as a memorial to those who died in the disaster.
→The museum was set up in memory of those who died in the disaster.(同义句改写)
In case of
in face of
in charge of
in favour of
in memory of
in honour of 为了纪念；为向……表示敬意
in terms of 谈及；就……而言；在……方面
in charge of 负责；掌管
in case of 万一
in face of 面临；面对
in favour of 支持，赞同
[语料积累] (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)We held a series of activities in memory of the doctors who gave their lives to the country.(活动介绍)
我们举办了一系列的活动来纪念那些为了国家而献出生命的医生。
11 句型公式：先行词为抽象地点名词的定语从句
(教材原句)A moral dilemma is a situation in which you have two or more difficult choices to make.
道德困境是指你面临两个或更多让你很难做出选择的情况。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①(2024·浙江1月卷)Then she concentrated on jogging to the spot where the track curved.
②Though they rejected our proposal, there was one point that/which we must insist on.
[能力提升]——句型转换
③Today, we'll discuss a number of cases.Beginners of English fail to use the language properly in these cases.
→Today, we'll discuss a number of cases where/in which beginners of English fail to use the language properly．(定语从句)
where
that/which
where/in which beginners of English fail to
use the language properly
(1)当先行词是stage、point、case、situation、position、 job、business、scene等表示抽象地点的名词，并且定语从句缺少状语时，用where或in which 来引导定语从句；
(2)抽象名词后面的定语从句若缺少主语或宾语，则用 that/which 来引导。
[语料积累] The teenager gave a detailed description of the scene where he narrowly escaped being hit by a passing car.
这个青少年详细地描述了他险些被一辆路过的汽车撞到的情景。
12 句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义
(教材原句)To a person nothing is more precious than their life...
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……
[基础检测]——微写作
①我以前从未遇到过比他更热心肠的人。
I have never met a more kind－hearted person than him before.(人物描写)
[能力提升]——句式改写
②We do believe that you are the most suitable for this competition.
→We do believe that there is no one more suitable than you for this competition.(同义句改写)
a more kind－hearted person than
no one more suitable than you
“否定词＋比较级”结构中常用的否定词有no，no one，not，never，nothing，nobody等。
[语料积累] (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)“I have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one！” the mother responded excitedly.(语言、动作描写)
“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！”妈妈激动地回答道。
拾遗考点
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．She was in tears when she read the heartfelt letter from her best friend.
2．Move this box or someone might trip over it.
3．I'm writing to complain about/of my recent trip to Australia through your travel agency.
4．Typically，fishing is a hobby which calls for a great deal of patience.
in tears
trip over
complain about/of
a great deal of
1．trip over 被……绊倒
2．complain (to sb.) about/of sth. (向某人)抱怨某事
3．a great deal (of) 大量
4．in tears 流着泪；含着泪
5．in a dilemma 处于困境中
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——形容词后缀 ic/ (a)tic
形容词后缀 ic/ (a)tic表示“属于……的；具有……性质的”。例如本单元中的单词：energetic (adj. 精力充沛的；充满活力的)是由名词energy(精力)将y变e＋后缀 tic转化而来。形容词后缀 ic/ (a)tic的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．The school holds periodic meetings with parents to discuss students' progress and address any concerns.adj. 定期的；周期的
2．There was a dramatic change in the weather, with the sunny sky turning dark and stormy in minutes. adj. 巨大的
3．The scientist took a systematic approach to the experiment, carefully documenting each step and result. adj. 系统的
4．She was very sympathetic to her friend's situation and offered to help in any way she could. adj. 有同情心的
5．Her optimistic attitude helps her stay positive even when things don't go as planned. adj. 乐观的
adj. 定期的；周期的
adj. 巨大的
adj. 系统的
adj. 有同情心的
adj. 乐观的
多维演练 素养提升
第
分
部
三
板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．sharp
(1)(2023·浙江1月卷)Suddenly，Ziyad let out a sharp cry.Within seconds，he'd slid down the trunk and was back on the ground.F
(2)Recently there has been a sharp decline in interest in gardening throughout the town.A
(3)I was approaching a fairly sharp bend that swept downhill to the left.E
A.adj.急剧的 B．adj.敏锐的 C．adj.锋利的 D．adv.整点地 E．adj.急转的 F．adj.(声音)突然而响亮的
F
A
E
(4)She planned to unlock the shop at 8：00 sharp the next morning.D
(5)(2021·北京卷)I got a seat opposite a middle aged man with sharp eyes，who kept watching a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap.B
(6)She had her finger cut by a sharp knife by accident while she was cutting potatoes.C
A.adj.急剧的 B．adj.敏锐的 C．adj.锋利的 D．adv.整点地 E．adj.急转的 F．adj.(声音)突然而响亮的
D
B
C
2．retire
(1)(2023·全国乙卷)Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.B
(2)She retired from the competition after pulling a leg muscle.A
(3)After dinner our host said, “Shall we retire to the drawing room？”C
(4)It had been a long day, so I retired early.D
A.v.(因伤病)退出(比赛) B．v.退休；退职；退役 C．v.离开；退下 D．v.就寝；上床睡觉
B
A
C
D
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．(1)(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable.
v. 运转
(2)The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self－driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.
v. 操纵
(3)(2023·浙江1月卷)InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low－impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.
v. 经营，运营
[点拨]operate (熟义) vi.动手术。此处(1)意为“运转”，(2)意为“操纵”，(3)意为“经营，运营”。
v. 运转
v. 操纵
v. 经营，运营
2．But he's nervous.“I'm here to tell you today why you should…should…” Chris trips on the “－ld”， a pronunciation difficulty for many non－native English speakers.
v. 讲话磕巴
[点拨]trip (熟义) n．旅行 vi. 绊，绊倒。此处意为“讲话磕巴”。
3．There is always a chance that the body will reject the transplant.
v. 排斥，排异(移植的器官)
[点拨]reject (熟义) vt.拒绝接受；不录用。此处意为“排斥，排异(移植的器官)”。
v. 讲话磕巴
v. 排斥，排异(移植的器官)
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配/单元语法(动词 ing形式作宾补和状语)
1．In response to the growing concerns about pollution, the school started a campaign to reduce waste and encourage recycling.
2．They appointed Emma to organize (organize) the school play, knowing she had a talent for directing and managing events.
3．People tend to be (be) more productive in the morning when they are well rested and focused.
4．The boy was scared to ride (ride) the roller coaster, but his friends encouraged him, and he ended up enjoying it.
5．The teacher assisted the students to complete (complete) the science experiment by explaining each step carefully and providing guidance.
In
to organize
to be
to ride
to complete
6．Eating too much junk food can be harmful (harm) to your health, leading to obesity and other serious conditions.
7．As the old saying goes, “A workman must sharpen (sharp) his tools if he is to do his work well.”
8．After dressing up, he sat close to his friend, whispering (whisper) something to him.
9．The majority (major) of students show great respect for their teachers.
10．Listening to music at home is one thing；going to hear it being performed (perform) live is quite another.
harmful
sharpen
whispering
majority
being performed
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．她是第一个到达聚会的人。
She was the first person to arrive at the party．(人物描写)
2．据传闻，新老师能流利地讲三种语言。
It was whispered that the new teacher could speak three languages fluently．(人物介绍)
3．几十年来，这座老房子见证了几代人的生活。
Over the decades, the old house witnessed the lives of several generations．(地点描写)
She was the first person to arrive at the party
It was whispered that the new teacher could speak three languages fluently
Over the decades, the old house witnessed the lives of several generations
4．The sun set behind the hills, and the campers prepared for a peaceful night under the stars.(场景描写)
→The sun setting behind the hills, the campers prepared for a peaceful night under the stars．(独立主格)
5．Winning the first place in the school competition was the most exciting.(事件介绍)
→Nothing was more exciting than winning the first place in the school competition．(变为“否定词＋比较级”)
Nothing was more exciting than winning the first place in the school competition
The sun setting behind the hills, the campers prepared for a peaceful night under the
stars
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
There are many respectable people around us.1.The first to come to my mind(我首先想到的；序数词作主语) is Uncle Li.
He has been hired as a guard in our community since a decade ago.Though his work may be boring, 2.he never complains about it and tends to be energetic(他从不抱怨，总是精力充沛).3.Not only does he carry on working but he also spends a great deal of time assisting those in need(他不仅坚持工作，还花大量时间帮助需要帮助的人；not only…but also…倒装句)．
Therefore, he has been elected as a role model in our community because of his virtues and contributions.
请你以“我最敬佩的人”为主题写一篇短文，向你校英文报投稿。
The first to come to my mind
he never complains about it and tends to be energetic
Not only does he carry on working but he also spends a great deal of time
assisting those in need
维度二 读后续写微技能13——动作细节描写：“头部”动作
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
1．head first 头朝前
2．bury one's head under the quilt 把头埋在被子里
3．raise one's head 抬起头
4．rest one's head on one's shoulder 把某人的头靠在某人的肩膀上
5．head down 低着头
6．drop one's head 低头
7．bury one's head in one's hands 双手抱头
8．nod/shake one's head 点/摇头
9．nod at sb. 对某人点了点头
10．scratch one's head 挠头
11．throw one's head back 把头往后仰
12．look up 抬头看
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．我慢慢地向公共汽车走去，低着头，眼里含着泪水。
I walked slowly to the bus, my head down, tears in my eyes．(独立主格结构)
2．乔迅速抬起头看，好像要说话，但她改变了主意。
Jo looked up quickly, as if about to speak, but changed her mind．(名篇《小妇人》)
3．他回到家，把头埋在被子里，假装睡着了。
When he got home, he buried his head under the quilt, pretending to be asleep．
4．我站起身来，坐在母亲身边，把头靠在她的肩膀上，忍不住哭了起来。
I rose to my feet, sat close to my mother, rested my head on her shoulder and couldn't help weeping．
my head down,
looked up quickly,
buried his head under the quilt,
rested my head on her shoulder
5．她的学生们反应迅速、正确——他们头朝里，爬到课桌下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。
Her students' reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks. (译林版必修三U2)
head
first,
任务2 语段表达
During the math test, Jamie felt confused and 1.began to scratch his head (开始挠他的头), trying to remember the formulas. Each time he looked at a difficult question, 2.he would drop his head (他就会低头), feeling overwhelmed. Beside him, Mia was deep in thought, 3.her head buried in her hands (她双手抱头), as if isolating herself from distractions. When the teacher announced that only five minutes remained, Jamie glanced at Mia, who suddenly looked up and 4.nodded at him (对他点了点头), as if encouraging him to keep going. Jamie smiled weakly and 5.shook his head (摇头), doubting if he could finish in time. But inspired by Mia's gesture, he refocused and continued.
began to scratch his head
he would
drop his head
her head buried in her hands
nodded at him
shook his head
基础默测
第
分
部
四
默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．kindergarten n. 学前班；幼儿园
2．insurance n. 保险；保险业
3．export n. 出口；出口商品 vt. 出口；输出；传播
4．moral adj. 道德的；道义上的 n. 品行；道德；寓意
5．dilemma n. 进退两难的境地；困境
6．physician n. 医师；(尤指)内科医生
7．pole n. (行星的)极；地极
8．pregnant adj. 怀孕的；妊娠的
9．disguise vt. 装扮；假扮；掩盖 n. 伪装；化装用具
10．might n. 力量；威力
学前班；幼儿园
保险；保险业
出口；出口商品
出口；输出；传播
道德的；道义上的
品行；道德；寓意
进退两难的境地；困境
医师；(尤指)内科医生
(行星的)极；地极
怀孕的；妊娠的
装扮；假扮；掩盖
伪装；化装用具
力量；威力
二、核心单词写得准
1．principle n. 道德原则；法则；原则
2．passive adj. 被动的；顺从的
3．union n. 协会；联合会；工会
4．decade n. 十年；十年期
5．virtue n. 高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
6．precious adj. 珍稀的；宝贵的
7．whisper vi. & vt. 悄声说；耳语；低语 n. 耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
8．chain n. 一连串(人或事)；链子；链条
9．despair n. 绝望 vi. 绝望；感到无望
10．therefore adv. 因此；所以
principle
passive
union
decade
virtue
precious
whisper
chain
despair
therefore
三、拓展单词通变化
1．marry v. (和某人)结婚；嫁；娶→marriage n. 结婚；婚姻
2．scholar n. 学者→scholarship n. 奖学金
3．tend vt. 照顾；照料 vi. 倾向；趋于→tendency n. 趋势；趋向
4．sharp adj. (增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharply adv. 急剧地；严厉地→sharpen vt. 削尖；磨快；(使)提高
5．accident n. 事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj. 意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv. 偶然地
6．memory n. 记忆力；回忆→memoriz(s)e vt. 记住；记忆
7．harm n. & vt. 伤害；损害→harmful adj. 有害的→harmfully adv. 有害地→harmless adj. 无害的
marry
marriage
scholar
scholarship
tend
tendency
sharp
sharply
sharpen
accident
accidental
accidentally
memory
memoriz(s)e
harm
harmful
harmfully
harmless
8．tense adj. 紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的 n. (动词的)时态→tension n. 紧张关系；紧张；焦虑
9．appoint vt. 任命；委派→appointment n. 约会；任命；委任→appointed adj. 约定的；指定的
10．flexible adj. 灵活的；可变通的→flexibly adv. 灵活地→flexibility n. 灵活性
tense
tension
appoint
appointment
appointed
flexible
flexibly
flexibility
四、重点词块明搭配
1．carry sb.through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关
2．tend to do sth. 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
3．pass away 去世
4．in memory of 作为对……的纪念
5．in tears 流着泪；含着泪
6．trip over 被……绊倒
7．in despair 处于绝望中
8．a great deal (of) 大量
9．moral dilemma 道德困境
10．entrust me with that life 把生命托付给我
carry sb.through sth.
tend to do sth.
pass away
in memory of
in tears
被……绊倒
处于绝望中
大量
道德困境
把生命托付给我
五、教材佳句会运用
1．对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了…… (否定词和比较级连用表示最高级)
To a person nothing is more precious than their life…
2．她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。(不定式短语作后置定语)
She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
3．中华人民共和国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了更大的作用。(无灵主语句)
The new People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.
4．过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。(独立主格)
After a while, a group of women came along, each balancing a pot of water on her head．
nothing is more precious than
ever to be hired
The new People's Republic of China saw
each balancing a pot of water on her
head
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．His virtues (美德) of honesty and being outspoken are setting an example for the younger generation.
2．Time is the most precious (宝贵的) and once lost, it can never be regained.
3．Their marriage was more than a union (联合) of two individuals; it was a mixture of two families, bringing them together in shared love and respect.
4．Students should not be passive (被动的) receivers of knowledge, but active participants in their learning process.
5．He leaned over to whisper (耳语) a secret into her ear, making sure no one else could hear.
virtues
precious
union
passive
whisper
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Handling customer complaints (complain) in a calm and efficient manner is crucial for maintaining a company's reputation.
2．The sudden loud noise was so scary (scare) that she jumped out of her seat.
3．If you find the topic challenging, don't hesitate to ask the teacher for assistance (assist)．
4．Making a dentist appointment (appoint) is essential if you haven't had a check up in a while.
5．It's essential to understand that everyone faces rejection (reject) at some point.
complaints
scary
assistance
appointment
rejection
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Mandela passed away at the age of 95, making the people of South Africa very sad.
2．Bella was in despair and felt she had no one to rely on in the world.
3．Thanks to papermaking and printing, a great deal of ancient information has been kept in books.
4．I helped an old lady who tripped over by a fallen branch on the road.
5．The knowledge of first aid is a necessity, which can save someone's life.
in despair；pass away；trip over；first aid；a great deal of
passed away
in despair
a great deal of
tripped over
first aid
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．我真的很想采访杨利伟，因为他不仅是第一个去太空的中国人，还是世界上最伟大的航天员之一。(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do…)
I would really like to interview Yang Liwei because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.
2．就我而言，没有什么比在同学面前被老师表扬更好的了。(否定词和比较级连用表示最高级)
As far as I'm concerned, there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.
3．(2022·全国甲卷)过去的三十年已经见证了中国在保护海洋方面的成就。(无灵主语句)
The past three decades have witnessed China's achievements in protecting the oceans.
the first Chinese to go
to space
nothing better than being praised by my teacher
The past three decades have witnessed
课时作业13
第
分
部
五
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2025·八省联考)
Jim Johnson, a mail carrier, was an institution in the leafy Westmoreland, Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods, just north of downtown Wilmington, where he delivered much more than the mail.He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball.When he wasn't doing all that, Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns(草坪) to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise.
Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on.In many communities, that trust is won every day when life saving medicine, greeting cards, social security checks, college acceptance letters—even the bills—appear in mailboxes in front of the houses.
After more than three decades, Jim approached his final days on the job much like any other.He drove a boxy postal truck to North DuPont Road for the first unofficial stop of the day.Butch, a dog who belonged to one of the neighbors, was waiting just like every day before.And just like every day before, he got into the jump seat and they were off.On the route, Jim and Butch had become inseparable.Now, the dog and the mailman would ride off to retirement together.At every stop, Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own.There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memories.
It's been 33 years since Jim left the route, but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier.That's what the postal service means to us.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了邮递员Jim Johnson在多年的工作中与社区居民建立的深厚感情。
1．What do we know about Jim Johnson from the first paragraph？( )
A．He's open minded. B．He's sharp eyed.
C．He's warm hearted. D．He's strong willed.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of curveball.”可知，Jim不仅送信，还帮助居民做很多事情，记住每个孩子和宠物的名字，帮忙送杂货，关注居民安全，教孩子们打球，这些行为都体现了他热心善良的性格特征，故选C。
C
2．What does the underlined word “disparaged” in paragraph 2 mean？( )
A．Refused. B．Criticized.
C．Investigated. D．Suspended.
解析：词义猜测题。文章第二段提到“Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on.”，根据Though可知，上下文形成转折关系，表示虽然邮政服务现在经常受到负面评价，但人们对当地邮局服务的信任依然存在。因此“disparaged”的意思与criticized最接近，故选B。
B
3．What did Jim do besides daily delivery on his final days of work？( )
A．He drove Butch to its owner.
B．He sent presents to his friends.
C．He prepared a retirement party.
D．He said goodbye to the neighbors.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段的“At every stop, Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own.There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memories.”可知，在最后的工作日，Jim在每个停靠点都接受了居民们的道别祝福，故选D。
D
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text？( )
A．To remember a respected mail carrier.
B．To record an unforgettable experience.
C．To raise funds for the postal service.
D．To call for harmony in the community.
解析：写作目的题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段的“It's been 33 years since Jim left the route, but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier.” 可知，作者的写作目的是要纪念这位受人尊敬的邮递员Jim，展现他与社区之间建立的深厚情谊，故选A。
A
(2024·浙江杭州高三质检)
Is forgiveness against our human nature To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity.The first view involves dominance and power.In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll made the interesting claim that humans' essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows.Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm.In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans.Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others.Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart.Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.For example, how well has slavery(奴隶制) worked as a mode of social harmony
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony.Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger.At least to an extent the people from whom you are estranged(不和的) accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments.Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note, when we take a classical Realism philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality.We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了两种关于原谅的观点，说明了原谅的好处，并告诉读者原谅是可以通过训练提升的。
5．What is Droll's idea about forgiveness？( )
A．People should offer mercy to others.
B．Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
C.Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D．People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.”可知，Droll认为原谅别人的人在宽恕他人的时候也在损害自己的幸福，而被宽恕的人可能会利用他们，故D项正确。
D
6．What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate？( )
A．To forgive is to love.
B．To dominate is to harm.
C．To fight is to grow.
D．To give is to receive.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.”可知，支配他人的意志并不能促成和谐的互动。由此可以推断，作者举奴隶制这个例子是为了说明“支配他人就是伤害”，故B项正确。
B
7．What is the writer's attitude toward forgiveness？( )
A．Favorable. B．Reserved.
C．Objective. D．Skeptical.
解析：观点态度题。根据第三段中的“one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger…Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.”和第四段中的“We are not necessarily…with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.”可知，作者认为原谅可以减少仇恨，恢复和谐，打破愤怒的循环，愈合关系，将人们再次联系在一起，且人们应该学习原谅并提升原谅的能力。由此可知，作者对原谅持支持的态度，故A项正确。
A
8．What is the message of the last paragraph？( )
A．Forgiveness is in our nature.
B．Forgiveness grows with time.
C．It takes practice to forgive.
D．Actuality is based on potentiality.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We are not necessarily…with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving…develops with practice.”可知，我们不一定天生就有原谅的能力，但我们有潜力学习原谅并提升我们原谅的能力，原谅是随着练习而发展的，故C项正确。
C
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2024·湖北宜昌高三模拟)
A few days before my high school ended, I was sitting in my English class.My classmates were talking about who would be the first person to shed tears at __1__.Then, everyone looked at me, and I began to __2__ right then and there.I am not an emotional person, but the __3__ of leaving this place hit me hard.I never knew how much this building and the people in it __4__ to me, until my last days.
High school isn't for everyone, but there is something for everyone in high school.You just have to __5__ out what your “thing” is.I __6__ found my “thing” in high school and that was Student Government.For once I had a(n) __7__.I served as the representative of my class, and it gave me a __8__ to convey not only my own, but my classmates'__9__ to teachers and our school.
文章总览
But there were a lot of times when I felt __10__.I sat in the classroom looking at the clock, __11__ for the end of school day.I __12__ the days until summer like it was my job.But now I __13__ I could take back all of those moments.
My biggest __14__ to anyone still in high school is to make your school a place where you want to go.High school goes by very quickly.You only get one chance to be a high schooler, so take __15__ of it.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在高中毕业前的经历和感悟，表达了对离别的不舍与对高中生活的珍惜。作者希望高中生利用好高中的时间，实现自己的目标。
文章总览
A few days before my high school ended, I was sitting in my English class.My classmates were talking about who would be the first person to shed tears at __1__.Then, everyone looked at me, and I began to __2__ right then and there.I am not an emotional person, but the __3__ of leaving this place hit me hard.I never knew how much this building and the people in it __4__ to me, until my last days.
1．( )A.school B．graduation
C．break D．random
解析：句意：同学们在讨论谁会是第一个在毕业典礼上流泪的人。根据上文的“A few days before my high school ended, I was sitting in my English class.”可知，“我”的高中生活即将结束，因此学校要举行毕业仪式。故选B项。school学校；graduation毕业典礼； break休息；random随机。
B
答案分析
A few days before my high school ended, I was sitting in my English class.My classmates were talking about who would be the first person to shed tears at __1__.Then, everyone looked at me, and I began to __2__ right then and there.I am not an emotional person, but the __3__ of leaving this place hit me hard.I never knew how much this building and the people in it __4__ to me, until my last days.
2．( )A.cry B．lie
C．sing D．sigh
解析：句意：然后，每个人都看着我，我就在那时哭了起来。根据上文的“My classmates were talking about who would be the first person to shed tears”可知，“我”就在那时哭了起来。故选A项。cry 哭泣；lie 说谎； sing 唱歌；sigh 叹息。
A
答案分析
A few days before my high school ended, I was sitting in my English class.My classmates were talking about who would be the first person to shed tears at __1__.Then, everyone looked at me, and I began to __2__ right then and there.I am not an emotional person, but the __3__ of leaving this place hit me hard.I never knew how much this building and the people in it __4__ to me, until my last days.
3．( )A.proposal B．option
C．possibility D．thought
解析：句意：我不是一个情绪化的人，但是一想到要离开这个地方，我就很难受。根据本句中的“leaving this place hit me hard”可知，一想到要毕业了就使“我”很难受。故选D项。proposal 提议；option 选项； possibility 可能性；thought 想法。
D
答案分析
A few days before my high school ended, I was sitting in my English class.My classmates were talking about who would be the first person to shed tears at __1__.Then, everyone looked at me, and I began to __2__ right then and there.I am not an emotional person, but the __3__ of leaving this place hit me hard.I never knew how much this building and the people in it __4__ to me, until my last days.
4．( )A.meant B．replied
C．reacted D．faded
解析：句意：直到最后的日子，我才知道这栋楼和里面的人对我有多么重要。根据上文的“leaving this place hit me hard”可知，学校对“我”来说意义重大。故选A项。mean意味着；reply回答； react反应；fade褪色。
A
答案分析
High school isn't for everyone, but there is something for everyone in high school.You just have to __5__ out what your “thing” is.I __6__ found my “thing” in high school and that was Student Government.For once I had a(n) __7__.I served as the representative of my class, and it gave me a __8__ to convey not only my own, but my classmates'__9__ to teachers and our school.
5．( )A.bring B．figure
C．cross D．carry
解析：句意：你只需要弄清楚你的“目标”是什么。根据上文的“there is something for everyone in high school”可知，你要弄清楚在高中阶段想要得到什么。figure out意为“弄清楚”。故选B项。bring 带来；figure 计算； cross 穿过；carry 承载。
B
答案分析
High school isn't for everyone, but there is something for everyone in high school.You just have to __5__ out what your “thing” is.I __6__ found my “thing” in high school and that was Student Government.For once I had a(n) __7__.I served as the representative of my class, and it gave me a __8__ to convey not only my own, but my classmates'__9__ to teachers and our school.
6．( )A.anxiously B．bravely
C．luckily D．initially
解析：句意：我很幸运地在高中找到了我的“目标”，那就是学生会。根据本句中的“found my ‘thing’ in high school and that was Student Government”可知，“我”找到了在高中阶段想要的东西，因此“我”是幸运的。故选C项。anxiously 焦虑地；bravely 勇敢地； luckily 幸运地；initially 最初地(课标生僻词)。
C
答案分析
High school isn't for everyone, but there is something for everyone in high school.You just have to __5__ out what your “thing” is.I __6__ found my “thing” in high school and that was Student Government.For once I had a(n) __7__.I served as the representative of my class, and it gave me a __8__ to convey not only my own, but my classmates'__9__ to teachers and our school.
7．( )A.organization B．impression
C．voice D．discovery
解析：句意：这一次我终于有了发言权。根据下文的“I served as the representative of my class”可知，“我”作为班级代表可以向学校提建议，因此“我”有发言权。故选C项。organization组织；impression印象； voice声音，发言权；discovery发现。
C
答案分析
High school isn't for everyone, but there is something for everyone in high school.You just have to __5__ out what your “thing” is.I __6__ found my “thing” in high school and that was Student Government.For once I had a(n) __7__.I served as the representative of my class, and it gave me a __8__ to convey not only my own, but my classmates'__9__ to teachers and our school.
8．( )A.benefit B．chance
C．challenge D．purpose
解析：句意：我担任了班级代表，这给了我一个机会，不仅可以向老师和学校传达我自己的想法，也可以传达我的同学们的想法。根据本句中的“I served as the representative of my class”可知，“我”作为班级代表有机会向学校提建议。故选B项。benefit好处；chance机会； challenge挑战；purpose目的。
B
答案分析
High school isn't for everyone, but there is something for everyone in high school.You just have to __5__ out what your “thing” is.I __6__ found my “thing” in high school and that was Student Government.For once I had a(n) __7__.I served as the representative of my class, and it gave me a __8__ to convey not only my own, but my classmates'__9__ to teachers and our school.
9．( )A.objectives B．principles
C．concerns D．updates
解析：句意同上。根据“I served as the representative of my class, and it gave me a __8__ to convey not only my own”可知，“我”作为班级代表有机会向学校提建议，把自己和同学们关心的问题反映给学校。故选C项。objective目标；principle原则；concern关心的问题，关注；update更新。
C
答案分析
But there were a lot of times when I felt __10__.I sat in the classroom looking at the clock, __11__ for the end of school day.I __12__ the days until summer like it was my job.But now I __13__ I could take back all of those moments.
10．( )A.disturbed B．sheltered
C．alarmed D．inspired
解析：句意：但有很多时候，我感到烦恼。根据本句的But表示转折和下文的“I sat in the classroom looking at the clock, __11__ for the end of school day.”可知，“我”有时会盼望在学校的一天快点过去，因此“我”应是感到烦恼的。故选A项。disturbed烦恼的，不安的；sheltered庇护的；alarmed惊恐的；inspired启发的。
A
答案分析
But there were a lot of times when I felt __10__.I sat in the classroom looking at the clock, __11__ for the end of school day.I __12__ the days until summer like it was my job.But now I __13__ I could take back all of those moments.
11．( )A.applauding B．searching
C．fighting D．longing
解析：句意：我坐在教室里看着时钟，渴望着一天的学习结束。根据语境及上文的“But there were a lot of times when I felt __10__.”可知，“我”有时会盼望在学校的一天快点过去。故选D项。applaud鼓掌；search搜索；fight打斗；long渴望。
D
答案分析
But there were a lot of times when I felt __10__.I sat in the classroom looking at the clock, __11__ for the end of school day.I __12__ the days until summer like it was my job.But now I __13__ I could take back all of those moments.
12．( )A.counted down B．went through
C．set aside D．put off
解析：句意：我数着日子等着夏天的到来，仿佛那是我的工作。根据上文的“I sat in the classroom looking at the clock, __11__ for the end of school day.”可知，“我”有时会盼望在学校的一天快点过去，因此会开始数日子，等待暑假的来临。故选A项。count down倒计时，倒着数；go through经历；set aside留出；put off推迟。
A
答案分析
But there were a lot of times when I felt __10__.I sat in the classroom looking at the clock, __11__ for the end of school day.I __12__ the days until summer like it was my job.But now I __13__ I could take back all of those moments.
13．( )A.promise B．assume
C．pray D．realize
解析：句意：但现在我祈祷我可以收回所有的那些时刻。根据上文的“I __12__ the days until summer like it was my job.”及本句中的But可知，“我”希望过去数日子的事情没有发生，因此应是祈祷能追回那些日子。故选C项。promise承诺； assume假设； pray祈祷；realize实现。
C
答案分析
My biggest __14__ to anyone still in high school is to make your school a place where you want to go.High school goes by very quickly.You only get one chance to be a high schooler, so take __15__ of it.
14．( )A.support B．advice
C．rule D．warning
解析：句意：我对还在上高中的人最大的建议是，让你的学校成为你想去的地方。根据本句中的“make your school a place where you want to go”可知，“我”通过自身的经历给高中生提建议：让你的学校成为你想去的地方。故选B项。support 支持；advice 建议； rule 规则；warning警告。
B
答案分析
My biggest __14__ to anyone still in high school is to make your school a place where you want to go.High school goes by very quickly.You only get one chance to be a high schooler, so take __15__ of it.
15．( )A.account B．notice
C．control D．advantage
解析：句意：你只有一次成为高中生的机会，所以要好好利用它。根据本句中的“You only get one chance to be a high schooler”可知，“我”建议高中生利用好这段时间，因为机会只有一次。take advantage of意为“充分利用”。故选D项。account 账户；notice 注意； control 控制；advantage 优势。
D
答案分析
