必修第三册 UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
attach；disappoint；float；limit；satellite；signal
Mankind has managed to create facilities and vehicles to carry astronauts into the universe．They launch rockets carrying 1.satellites.Many intelligent people around the globe are determined to devote themselves to space exploration，even though fatal space disasters which killed astronauts on board make them 2.disappointed.Besides，when living in space，the astronauts have to recycle dirty water so as to use it later.For lack of gravity，their muscles become weak.They have to tape everything up. Otherwise they would 3.float around.They also need to figure out a way to store sufficient food and oxygen．However，people's desire to explore space never dies.China is the third country to send humans into space independently．This 4.signals a giant leap forward for China.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money on space exploration, which is a shallow view.Our planet's resources are 5.limited，and as a result，we should find a new home to provide for the ever increasing population.In closing，we 6.attach great importance to solving the mystery about space and will carry on with space exploration regularly．
提示：加底纹词汇为本单元复现词汇
1 determine vt.查明；确定；决定(→determined adj.意志坚定的；有决心的→determination n．决心；决定)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①They determined to finish (finish) the project despite the mounting challenges.
②He faced the numerous challenges on his way with determination, never once thinking of giving up.
③We are determined to perform (perform) well in the performance, so we've been occupied in preparing for it.
[能力提升]——句式升级
④Determined to perform well in the performance, we've been occupied in preparing for it.(用分词短语改写句③)
(1)determine on/upon 决定
determine to do sth. 决定做某事
(2)be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
(3)with determination 坚决地
[语料积累] ①He has determined on winning the school debate competition.(心理描写)
他决心赢得学校的辩论赛。
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination．(心理描写)
我熟悉戴维所面临的挑战，也为他坚定的决心感到骄傲。
2 disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的(→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望；沮丧)
[基础检测]——选词填空
①One by one，the applicants left the interviewer's office with disappointed looks on their faces.(disappointed/disappointing)
[能力提升]——微写作
②意识到我对于他的到来很沮丧，他竭尽全力帮助我、照顾我，我的沮丧逐渐转换成我对他的感激。
Sensing that I was disappointed at his arrival，he did whatever he could to help me and care for me and my disappointment gradually gave way to my gratitude to him.(心理描写)
③她失望地发现由于天气不好，学校旅行被取消了。
She was disappointed to find out that the school trip had been canceled due to the bad weather.(心理、动作描写)
(1)be disappointed at/with/by… 对……感到失望
be disappointed to do sth. 对做某事感到失望
be disappointed that… 对……失望
(2)to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
[语料积累] ①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)After being told that the cash machine still did not play along, Gunter let out a long sigh, with his subtle expression displaying a sign of disappointment．(动作、神情描写)
在被告知自动取款机仍然不能用后，冈特长叹一声，他的微妙表情显示出一丝失望。
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)To their disappointment，they failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt.(心理描写)
让他们失望的是，他们的第一次尝试没能做出母亲节的早餐。
3 desire n．渴望；欲望；愿望 vt.渴望；期望(→desirable adj.令人向往的；值得拥有的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①She desires to become (become) an astronaut in the future, so she works hard in her classes.
②He had a desire for adventure, so he joined the school's hiking club to explore new places and challenge himself.
[能力提升]——一句多译
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)失望的双胞胎想要父亲告诉他们如何做三明治，他点点头。
→The disappointed twins desired their father to tell them how to make sandwiches，and he nodded.
→The disappointed twins desired that their father (should) tell them how to make sandwiches，and he nodded.
(1)have a desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
have a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
desire that…(should) do… 渴望……
[语料积累] (2023·全国乙卷)As I had a strong desire to learn a new skill，I turned to my mother for help，with whose help I began to learn how to cook during the summer vacation.(投稿)
由于我强烈渴望学习一种新技能，我向妈妈寻求帮助，在她的帮助下，我开始在暑假期间学习做饭。
4 lack vt.缺乏；缺少；没有 n．缺乏；短缺(→lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Some students may feel uncomfortable practicing with someone they don't know well，which could result in a lack of participation.
[能力提升]——一句多译
②由于缺乏自信和经验，简完全不知道该如何应付这可怕的情况。
→Lacking confidence and experience，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(分词短语作状语)
→For/Through lack of confidence and experience，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(lack n．)
→Lacking in confidence and experience，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(lacking adj.)
(1)(a) lack of 缺少……
for/through lack of 因缺少……
(2)be lacking in 在……方面缺乏
[语料积累] ①The girl used to be lacking in confidence and it was her teacher's encouragement that made her more confident.(人物描写)
这个女孩过去曾经缺乏自信，是老师的鼓励让她更加自信了。
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Regardless of the fact that they lacked cooking experience，the twins still prepared an exceptional breakfast for their mother with great expectations.(人物描写)
尽管他们缺乏烹饪经验，双胞胎仍然满怀期待地为妈妈准备了一顿特别的早餐。
5 argue vt.& vi.争论；争辩；论证(→argument n．争论；争辩；争吵；论点)
[基础检测]——用argue的相关短语填空
①As for school uniforms, some students argued for the uniforms, saying they promote equality.Others argued against the idea, believing that uniforms limit personal expression.
[能力提升]——微写作
②每个人都有责任保护环境，这是无可争辩的。
It is beyond argument that everyone has the responsibility to protect the environment.(演讲稿)
③我后悔因为这么小的问题和她争吵。
I regretted arguing with her about/over such a small question.(心理描写)
(1)argue with sb. about/over sth.
因某事与某人争吵/争论
argue for/against (doing) sth.
据理赞成/反对(做)某事
argue sb.into/out of doing sth.
说服某人做/不做某事
(2)beyond argument 无可争论
[语料积累] (2023·全国乙卷)Eager to master some basic living skills，I argued my mother into teaching me how to cook during the May Day holiday.(投稿)
渴望掌握一些基本的生活技能，我说服母亲在五一假期期间教我做饭。
6 attach vt.系；绑；贴；把……固定(→attached adj.附加的；依恋的，爱慕的→attachment n．附件；附属品；依恋)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①She found a box lying on the table with a card attached (attach) to it，saying “Happy birthday”．
[能力提升]——微写作
②他拿出吊床，拴在树上，惬意地躺在里面，听着他最喜爱的音乐。
He took out the hammock，attached it to the trees and lay in it comfortably，listening to his favorite music.(动作链)
③你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。
You can never attach too much importance to reading．(建议信)
(1)attach…to…
把……附在……上；把……绑在……上
attach importance/significance/value/weight to… 认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量
(2)be attached to 喜欢，依恋；附属于
[语料积累] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Overall, I thoroughly enjoyed the art class.I am attaching a photo of my artwork for you and hope you like it.(活动介绍)
总的来说，我非常享受这节美术课。我给你附上了一张我的艺术作品的照片，希望你能喜欢。
7 result in导致；造成
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①As far as I'm concerned，her failure in the competition resulted from her casual attitude.
[能力提升]——微写作
②他打了好几次电话给他的朋友，但没有结果。最后，他发了一条短信，希望能得到回复。
He called his friend several times without result．Finally, he sent a text message, hoping for a reply.(动作链)
③她没穿外套，因此感冒了。她妈妈告诉她以后要多注意天气。
She didn't wear her coat, and as a result, she caught a cold.Her mother told her to be more careful about the weather.(情景描写)
(1)result from
由……导致；因……而产生
(2)as a result 因此
as a result of 由于……
without result
没有结果；徒劳地
[语料积累] (2022·浙江1月卷)Not only will the activity provide an opportunity to learn about the Chinese culture but it will also result in mutual understanding and friendship.(活动介绍)
这次活动不仅将提供一个了解中国文化的机会，而且将增进相互理解和友谊。
8 run out用完；耗尽(物作主语，无被动语态)
[基础检测]——用run的相关短语填空
①The moment we ran across/into a cute wild rabbit，we rode our horses and ran after it in excitement.
[能力提升]——微写作
②爱护环境将变得很重要，因为地球的自然资源濒临枯竭。
Care for the environment will become very important as earth's natural resources are running out．(演讲稿)
③我们遇到了一些问题，但我们齐心协力找到了解决方案，并按时完成了任务。
We ran into some problems, but we worked together to find solutions and finished on time.(情景描写)
run out of 用光，用完(人作主语，有被动语态)
run across 偶然遇到
run after 追逐；追求
run into 撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等)
[语料积累] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David was running out of his energy but when he heard loud cheers from the other kids，he was making his way towards the finish line，bathed in sweat.(场景描写)
大卫快要筋疲力尽了，但当他听到其他孩子的欢呼声时，他汗流浃背地朝终点线走去。
9 句型公式：the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth.
(教材原句)Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space．
之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空/小语段训练
①I have something important about the construction in the downtown to tell (tell) you.
②John was the first person to think (think)of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money.He was convinced that he had the ability to help (help) Bernard out of difficulty.
[能力提升]——微写作
③北京成为第一个举办夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会的城市。
Beijing has become the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympic Games.(地点介绍)
④毫无疑问我是从事这项工作的最佳人选。
There is no doubt that I am the best person to take up the job．(申请信)
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the next、the only、the last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词多是抽象名词，常见的有ability、chance、ambition、offer、anxiety、answer、reply、attempt、belief等。
(3)不定代词something，nothing，little等后常用不定式作定语。
[语料积累] (2023·全国甲卷)He is the first Chinese to realize the dream of sailing around the world，as well as the first Chinese to cross the English Channel and the Atlantic Ocean.(投稿)
他是第一个实现全球航行梦想的中国人，也是第一个穿过英吉利海峡和大西洋的中国人。
10 句型公式：倍数＋as＋形容词/副词＋as…
(教材原句)Olympus Mons, the largest volcano on Mars, is about twice as high as Mount Qomolangma.
火星上最大的火山——奥林帕斯山大约是珠穆朗玛峰的两倍高。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①His latest novel is twice the length (long) of his previous one.
②The number of people visiting our park this year is three times what it was just five years ago.
[能力提升]——一句多译
③据我所知，这座城市是那座的三倍大。
→As far as I know, the city is three times as large as that one．(as…as…)
→As far as I know, the city is three times larger than that one．(比较级)
→As far as I know, the city is three times the size of that one．(size)
倍数表达法：
(1)倍数＋as＋形容词/副词＋as…
(2)倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than…
(3)倍数＋the size/length/height/depth/width＋of…
(4)倍数＋what从句
[语料积累] The new library is three times as large as the old one, complete with a café and study rooms.(地点介绍)
新图书馆是旧图书馆的三倍大，并配有咖啡厅和自习室。
[名师指津] 表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”表达。
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．The school launched a campaign to raise awareness about recycling, encouraging students to bring reusable bottles.
2．The passengers on board the ship enjoyed the view of the sunset as they sailed across the ocean.
3．The teacher encouraged the class to carry on with their studies even when faced with challenging topics.
4．They worked extra hours in the hope of finishing the project before the deadline.
5．She finally figured out why her computer wasn't working properly after hours.
1．on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
2．figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
3．in the hope of doing sth.
抱着……的希望
4．carry on 继续做，坚持干
5．beyond prep. 在更远处；超出
6．launch a campaign to do sth. 发起一项运动来做某事
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——前缀pro /pre /fore
前缀pro /pre /fore 表示“在前；向前”。例如本单元中的单词：procedure(n.程序；步骤；手续)是由前缀pro (在前，向前)＋ ced (行走，前进)＋ ure(结果)转化而来，表示“前面经过的历程”。前缀pro /pre /fore 的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．Learning a new language is a gradual process that requires time and practice. n. 过程
2．The students have made significant progress in their English skills since the beginning of the school year. n. 进步
3．The science project involved building a model volcano and demonstrating how it erupts. n. 项目
4．The weather forecast predicts sunny skies for the weekend, which is perfect for a picnic. v. 预告，预报
5．Learning how to use prefixes can help students expand their vocabulary and understand new words. n. 前缀
板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．current
A.adj.现在的；当前的 B．adj.流通的 C．n.气流 D．n.潮流
(1)Some birds use warm air currents to help them fly.C
(2)The current money in China is Renminbi.B
(3)We should try our best to go with the current of the times.D
(4)(2021·北京卷)With the current footprint of humanity，“it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form，possibly within a decade，certainly within this century，” Johnson said in an email.A
2．otherwise
A.adv.以其他方式 B．adv.否则；要不然 C．adv.除此以外
(1)(2021·浙江6月卷)Seize the chance，otherwise you won't enjoy the beautiful traditional Chinese paintings.B
(2)There was some music playing upstairs.Otherwise the house was silent.C
(3)It is not permitted to sell or otherwise distribute copies of past examination papers.A
3．launch
A.v.发射(卫星等) B．v.创办；发行 C．v.发动，发起(运动、战役等) D．n.新产品投入市场
(1)It is confirmed that China will launch more spacecrafts to the moon in the following year.A
(2)The police have launched an investigation into the case，which has resulted in great concerns nationwide.C
(3) (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)The Idler was launched by Tom Hokinson，back in 1993.B
(4)After the launch of the products，they have won good praises from customers for their convenient and high efficient superior properties.D
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．(2022·全国乙卷)With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast－moving trains would be able to react in time.v. 预见，预示
[点拨]signal (熟义) vt. & vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志。此处用作动词，意为“预见，预示”。
2．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals.v. 监视；监测；监控
[点拨]monitor (熟义) n．班长；监视器；监测仪。此处用作动词，意为“监视；监测；监控”。
3．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead.v. 提出(计划或想法)
[点拨]float (熟义) vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流。此处意为“提出(计划或想法)”。
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配/
单元语法(动词不定式作定语和状语)
1．Sarah has a strong desire to learn (learn) the piano, so she practices every day after school with great enthusiasm.
2．Tom was disappointed to find (find) out that the concert was canceled, as he had been looking forward to it for weeks.
3．A lack of sleep can seriously affect a student's concentration and performance in class.
4．Jenny often argues with her brother about who gets to use the computer first after dinner.
5．In our family, great importance is attached (attach) to honesty, and lying is never tolerated.
6．The delay in the flight resulted from unexpected weather conditions.
7．She is keen on learning new languages and is currently studying French and Spanish.
8．The charity organization provides for families in need, offering food, clothing, and shelter.
9．The rule of this game is too complicated to explain (explain) clearly in a few words.
10．The airport to be completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．学会弹吉他需要一些时间。
It takes some time to learn how to play the guitar．
2．新的过山车比旧的高出两倍。
The new roller coaster is twice as high as the old one．
3．第一个在太空行走的宇航员成了国家英雄。
The first astronaut to walk in space became a national hero．(人物介绍)
4．每天早起帮助她保持健康的生活习惯。
Getting up early every day helps her maintain a healthy lifestyle．(人物描写)
5．The coach desired that he should join the basketball team because of his height and speed.(情景描写)
→The coach desired him to join the basketball team because of his height and speed．(变为简单句)
6．Our school attaches great importance to academic achievement.(现象介绍)
→Great importance is attached to academic achievement by our school．(变为被动语态)
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
最近，有网友在某英文论坛上发帖，征集网友们对“是否愿意在空间站体验一个月生活”的意见。请你用英语回帖，内容包括： 1．表明你的观点； 2．说明理由。
1．I desire to live on a space station for one month(我渴望在空间站上生活一个月；desire to do)for the following reasons.
First of all, I've always been curious about the universe.2.While orbiting the earth(在环绕地球运行时；省略句), I can observe the charming scenery of space and experience the feeling of floating in space.Moreover, I'll 3.try to figure out some mysteries of space(试图弄清太空的一些奥秘) so as to contribute to human exploration of space.Last but not least, living in space independently for a month will definitely make a great difference to my life.
In closing, 4.it is beyond argument that living on the space station is worth it(无可争辩在空间站生活是值得的)．
维度二 读后续写微技能15——动作细节描写：眼睛(二)
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
1．keep an eye on 注视着 2．with one's eyes open/narrowed 睁/眯着眼睛 3．eye sb. up and down 上下打量某人 4．squeeze one's eyes shut 紧紧地闭着眼睛 5．look sb. straight in the eye 直视某人的眼睛 6．turn one's eyes to... 眼神转向…… 7．shut one's eyes 闭上眼睛 8．fall on 落在
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．他眯起眼睛，想知道发生了什么事。
With his eyes narrowed, he wondered what had happened．(with复合结构)
2．注意到我进来，父亲上下打量着我，迷惑不解。
Noticing me come in, my father eyed me up and down, confused.
3．两大颗泪珠从她的眼角慢慢地流到嘴角。
Two great tears ran slowly from the corners of her eyes toward the corners of her mouth.(名篇《项链》)
4．得知真相后，我紧紧地闭着眼睛，咬着嘴唇，眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。
When learning the truth，I squeezed my eyes shut and bit my lip, with tears running down my cheeks．
5．他们的眼睛几乎不动，眼神恍惚，好像在睁着眼睛睡觉。
Their eyes barely move, and they always have the same distant look in their eyes. It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open. (with复合结构)
任务2 语段表达
David sat on the ground, 1.shut his eyes (闭上眼睛) and bit his lip, with tears rolling down his cheeks slowly. 2.I kept an eye on him (我注视着他), but he turned his eyes to another direction, upset and embarrassed，3.avoiding looking me straight in the eye (避免直视我的眼睛)．I remarked with gentleness，“Keep trying and you will be rewarded with applause.” Finally, 4.his eyes fell on me (他的目光落在我身上) and his eyes sparkled with delight and hope.
————基础默测—————
默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．frontier n. 边境；国界；边远地区
2．vehicle n. 交通工具；车辆
3．satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星
4．procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续
5．rocket n. 火箭；火箭弹
6．gravity n. 重力；引力
7．orbit n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt. & vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
8．giant adj. 巨大的；伟大的 n. 巨人；巨兽；伟人
9．agency n. (政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
10．transmit vt. & vi. 传输；发送
11．data n. [pl.]资料；数据
12．solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的
13．sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的
14．module n. 舱；组件；模块
15．facility n. 设施；设备
16．fatal adj. 致命的；灾难性的
17．pillow n. 枕头
二、核心单词写得准
1．keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的
2．pattern n. 模式；图案；模范
3．recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用
4．muscle n. 肌肉；实力；影响力
5．float vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt. 使浮动；使漂流
6．current adj. 当前的；现在的 n. 水流；电流；思潮
7．launch vt. & n. 发射；发起；上市
8．signal vt. & vi. 标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志
9．monitor n. 监视器；监测仪 vt. 监视；监测；监控
10．resource n. 资源；财力；物力
三、拓展单词通变化
1．disappoint vt. 使失望→disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的→disappointing adj. 令人失望的→disappointment n. 失望；沮丧
2．universe n. 宇宙；天地万物→universal adj. 宇宙的；通用的
3．intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n. 智慧
4．desire n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望→desired adj. 渴望的，想要的
5．lack vt. 缺乏；没有 n. 缺乏；短缺→lacking adj. 缺乏的；不足的
6．globe n. 地球；世界；地球仪→global adj. 全球的；全面的
7．regular adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly adv. 经常；定期地→irregular adj. 无规律的；不定期的
8．mystery n. 神秘事物；谜→mysterious adj. 神秘的
四、重点词块明搭配
1．in the hope of doing sth. 抱着……的希望
2．on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3．carry on 继续做，坚持干
4．so as to (do sth.) 为了；以便
5．figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
6．result in 导致；造成
7．as a result 所以；结果(是)
8．provide for sb. 提供生活所需
9．in closing 最后
10．run out 用完；耗尽
五、教材佳句会运用
1．……1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。(the first＋名词＋不定式短语)
…and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space．
2．例如，使用当前的技术，到达火星之后再返回将需要花费一年多的时间。(It＋takes＋some time＋to do sth.)
For example, using current technology, it would take over a year to get to Mars and come back.
3．首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。(动名词短语作主语)
Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
4．火星上最大的火山——奥林帕斯山大约是珠穆朗玛峰的两倍高。(倍数表达法)
Olympus Mons, the largest volcano on Mars, is about twice as high as Mount Qomolangma.
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The invention of the Internet has significantly impacted the way mankind (人类) communicates.
2．It's crucial to recycle (回收利用) plastic to reduce pollution and save the environment.
3．Regular exercise helps in building strong muscles (肌肉)．
4．Her performance went beyond (超出) everyone's expectations and impressed the audience.
5．The river's current (水流) was strong, making it difficult to row upstream.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Her determination (determine) to master the subject inspired other students in the class.
2．His face was a picture of disappointment (disappoint) when he realized he had missed the bus.
3．In his essay, he presented an argument (argue) in favor of renewable energy sources.
4．Yoga helps me stay both physically and mentally (mental) fit.
5．To maintain a healthy body, it's essential to exercise regularly (regular)．
Ⅲ.选词填空
run out；on board；result in；carry on；in closing
1．The six astronauts on board will spend ten days in space.
2．It was reported that a terrible mistake resulted in the failure of the launch of the space shuttle.
3．Conditions are getting worse and supplies in the spacecraft are running out．
4．Her bravery has given him the will to carry on his scientific work.
5．In closing, I wish this conference a complete success.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．我们要花很长时间在这两个城市之间架起一座桥梁。(It＋takes＋some time＋to do sth.)
It will take us a long time to build a bridge between the two cities.
2．我能说一口流利的英语，我是班上第一个出国深造的学生。(the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth.)
I can speak fluent English and I am the first student in my class to go abroad for further study．
3．这家酒店是我们去年住的那家的三倍大。(as…as…)
This hotel is three times as large as the one we stayed at last year.
课时作业15
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2024·江苏南京、盐城高三模拟)
Since the last ice age, humans have cleared nearly half of the earth's forests and grasslands for agriculture.With the world population expanding, there's ever increasing pressure on farmland to produce not only more food but also clean energy.In places such as Yakima County, Washington, it's created competition for space as land hungry solar panels (太阳能电池板) consume available fields.Last month, the state approved plans to cover 1，700 acres of agricultural land with solar panels, fueling concerns over the long term impacts of losing cropland.
A recent study from the University of California, however, shows how farmers may soon harvest crops and energy together.One researcher, Majdi Abou Najm, explains that the visible light spectrum(光谱) can be separated into blue and red light waves, and their photons(光子) have different properties.Blue ones have higher energy than red ones.While that gives blue light what is needed to generate power, it also results in higher temperatures.“From a plant angle, red photons are the efficient ones，” says Abou Najm.“They don't make the plant feel hot.”
A goal of the study is to create a new generation of solar panels.He sees potential in the organic solar cells, which come from carbon based materials.Thin and transparent, the cells are applied like a film onto various surfaces.This new technology could be used to develop special solar panels that block blue light to generate power, while passing the red light on to crops planted directly below.These panels could also provide shade for heat sensitive fruits during the hottest part of the day.
By 2050, we'll have two billion more people, and we'll need more food and more energy.By maximizing the solar spectrum, “we're making full use of an endlessly sustainable resource，” says Abou Najm.“If a technology can develop these panels, then the sky is the limit on how efficient we can be.”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员分离太阳光成蓝光波和红光波，阻断蓝光波用于太阳能电池板的发电，同时又不影响红光波传导到电池板下面的植物上，这些红光波对植物生长有利。这解决了太阳能电池板和可耕种土地之间的空间竞争。
1．What problem does the first paragraph focus on？( A )
A．Losing cropland to solar panels.
B．Distribution of the world population.
C．Reduction in forests and grasslands.
D．Competing for land between farmers.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“it's created competition…fueling concerns over the long term impacts of losing cropland.”可知，太阳能电池板消耗了可用的土地，这引发了对空间的竞争，政府批准了用太阳能电池板覆盖1 700英亩耕地的计划，这加剧了人们对失去农田的长期影响的担忧。由此可知，第一段主要关注的是太阳能电池板导致耕地流失的问题。故选A。
2．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to？( C )
A．Generation of solar power.
B．Hot weather increasing efficiency.
C．Blue photons having higher energy.
D．Separation of the visible light spectrum.
解析：代词指代题。根据第二段中的“Blue ones have higher energy than red ones.”可知，蓝色光子比红色光子具有更高的能量，that后表达提供给蓝光发电所需的东西。由此可推知，that指的就是蓝色光子具有更高的能量这一情况。故选C。
3．What do we know about the organic solar cells？( C )
A．They make fruits heat sensitive.
B．They can cool down in hot days.
C．They allow red light to pass through.
D．They can store carbon based materials.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This new technology could be used…crops planted directly below.”可知，这项新技术可以用于开发特殊的太阳能电池板，它可以阻挡蓝光以用于发电，同时将红光传递到直接种植在下面的作物上。由此可知，有机太阳能电池能够允许红光通过。故选C。
4．What does Abou Najm think of the future of the new solar panels？( B )
A．Limited. B．Promising.
C．Uncertain. D．Challenging.
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“If a technology can develop these panels, then the sky is the limit on how efficient we can be.”可知，如果一项技术能够开发出这些电池板，那么天空就是我们效率的极限；再结合第三段中的“He sees potential in the organic solar cells”可推知，Abou Najm认为新型太阳能电池板是有前途的。故选B。
(2024·云南昆明高三模拟)
Frying French fries in space may be possible, according to a recent study by Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
On Earth, we have gravity and buoyancy(浮力)．Gravity makes sure that the oil stays in the cooker, and buoyancy allows the bubbles that come out of the fries to travel upward so that the fries are cooked.In space, which is under microgravity, there is no buoyancy.So scientists for long believed that frying wasn't possible.
The research team first designed a sealed container that could fry the potato safely in zero gravity and then took the researchers on a ride.The plane climbed up, and then, at a certain point, headed down just like a roller coaster.There were about 20 seconds of microgravity when the plane reached the highest point, during which the team did tests.
To their surprise, the fries were cooked, and the bubbles were able to escape.When the potato was fried, the water inside the potato turned into vapor(水蒸气)．The vapor created pressure when released from the potato.The pressure inside the potato allowed the bubbles to go out and let the oil come in, according to the research paper.It showed that “frying can occur in space”．
This isn't the first attempt for scientists to deep fry French fries in “space”．Early in 2014, a group of researchers conducted studies under various gravity.The agency's large centrifuge(离心机) can create artificial gravity from 1 to 20g, with “g” referring to the gravitational acceleration at the surface of the Earth.It has four arms and can spin fast.During the spin, things held by the arm are under centrifugal force, which is the source of artificial gravity.The fries were cooked under different gravity from 1 to 9g.
They discovered that the French fries had the most crispy(脆的) chips under 3g.It's interesting to mention that Jupiter's gravity is 2.4 times that of Earth's gravity.So, French fries may have the perfect taste if cooked on Jupiter, compared with other planets in the solar system.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。由于太空的微重力环境以及缺乏浮力，科学家长期以来认为炸薯条是不可能的。最近的一项研究表明在太空中可以炸薯条。
5．What may make frying French fries possible in space？( A )
A．The release of bubbles.
B．The transformation of gravity.
C．The reduction of vapor.
D．The accumulation of buoyancy.
解析：推理判断题。 根据第二段内容和第四段中的“The vapor created pressure when released from the potato. The pressure inside the potato allowed the bubbles to go out and let the oil come in，according to the research paper.It showed that ‘frying can occur in space’．”可推知，炸薯条的前提是使薯条中的气泡释放出来。故选A项。
6．Why did the plane head down like a roller coaster？( D )
A．To make a weightless sense.
B．To get appropriate pressure.
C．To test the seal of the container.
D．To create experiment conditions.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The plane…headed down just like a roller coaster. There were about 20 seconds of microgravity…during which the team did tests.”可知，飞机上升到一定高度后像过山车一样俯冲。在这个过程中，有20秒的时间飞机处于微重力状态，在此期间，团队进行了试验。由此可推知，飞机像过山车一样俯冲的目的是创造试验条件。故选D项。
7．What is the purpose of mentioning the studies conducted in 2014？( D )
A．To show the function of the centrifuge.
B．To find common ground of various experiments.
C．To prove the perfect taste of French fries on Jupiter.
D．To offer more evidence about cooking French fries in space.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“This isn't the first attempt for scientists to deep fry French fries in ‘space'.”可知，这不是科学家首次企图在“太空”中炸薯条。由此可知，下文提到2014年进行的研究的目的是提供更多关于在太空中炸薯条的证据。故选D项。
8．Where is the text most probably taken from？( A )
A．A science magazine.
B．A cook book.
C．A food advertisement.
D．A travel brochure.
解析：推理判断题。综观全文，尤其是根据第一段“Frying French fries in space may be possible, according to a recent study by Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.”可知，文章主要介绍了希腊一所大学最近的一项研究，该研究打破了科学家以往的看法，证明在太空中可以炸薯条，因此本文最可能选自一本科学杂志。故选A项。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2024·河北秦皇岛高三模拟)
What we believe we can become is often shaped by the world we see around us.This is especially true for young children who __1__ becoming everything from astronauts to future world leaders.And it's one of the reasons why representation matters so much.For Asian American __2__ and Ph.D.candidate Elaine Shen, she had never __3__ herself to be an inspiration for future generations.That is until she received a(n) __4__ email from a third grader in Minnesota who wanted to interview her for a class __5__.
“I'm working on my big year end project，” the heart warming message __6__. “I love biology.I did some online research and found your website.I would like to ask if I could __7__ you.”
Needless to say, Shen was immediately __8__ by the email—so much so that she shared a screenshot of the child's inspiring message on Twitter.The post __9__ became popular, gaining more than 270，000 likes and 1，500 __10__ since she first shared it.
Many commenters were just as moved by the email as Shen was.“It's pretty amazing to witness that children are __11__ to achieve as much as you have done，” said one Twitter user.Other readers were __12__ of their own experiences with young children growing up.“Representation matters, and it is __13__ the third grader found his role model.”
Now that the story has touched thousands, Shen has a renewed motivation to __14__ her Ph.D. and continue creating an environment of __15__ for students within her field.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Elaine Shen的故事。一位明尼苏达州的小学生给她发送了一封电子邮件，希望采访她作为他年终大项目的一部分。Shen对这封邮件感到非常感动，并在推特上分享了这一信息。
1．( D )A.stuck to B．kept on
C．gave up D．dreamed of
解析：句意：这是真的，尤其是对于那些梦想着成为从宇航员到未来的世界领袖的儿童。根据空后“becoming everything from astronauts to future world leaders”可知，这些儿童梦想着成为从宇航员到未来的世界领袖，故选D。stick to坚持；keep on继续；give up放弃；dream of梦想。
2．( A )A.biologist B．chemist
C．physicist D．artist
解析：句意：对于亚裔美国生物学家和博士候选人Elaine Shen来说，她从没想过自己能激励后代。根据后文“I love biology. I did some online research and found your website. I would like to ask if I could __7__ you.”可知，Elaine Shen是一个生物学家，故选A。biologist生物学家；chemist化学家；physicist物理学家；artist艺术家。
3．( D )A.expressed B．named
C．compared D．considered
解析：句意同上。根据空后“herself to be an inspiration for future generations”可知，此处指她不认为自己能成为激励后代的人，故选D。express表达；name称之为；compare比较；consider认为。
4．( C )A.urgent B．long
C．unexpected D．common
解析：句意：直到她收到了一封意外的来自明尼苏达州的一个三年级学生的电子邮件，邮件上说因为一次课堂项目，他想要采访她。根据前文“she had never __3__ herself to be an inspiration for future generations”可知，她从未想过自己能激励后代，故可推知这封邮件对她来说是出乎意料的，故选C。urgent紧急的；long长的；unexpected出乎意料的；common常见的。
5．( A )A.project B．performance
C．discussion D．speech
解析：句意同上。根据后文“I'm working on my big year end project”可知，此处指因为一个课堂项目想要采访她，故选A。project项目； performance表演；discussion讨论；speech演讲。
6．( B )A.informs B．reads
C．writes D．asks
解析：句意：这一暖心的留言写着：“我正在做一个年终大项目。我喜欢生物学。我做了一些网上的研究，发现了你的网站。我想问我是否能采访你。”根据空前“I'm working on my big year end project”及空后“I love biology. I did some online research and found your website. I would like to ask if I could __7__ you.”可知，空前和空后都是在介绍留言所写的内容，read符合语境，故选B。inform通知；read写着；write书写；ask询问。
7．( D )A.quote B．find
C．follow D．interview
解析：句意同上。根据前文“That is until she received a(n) __4__ email from a third grader in Minnesota who wanted to interview her for a class __5__.”可知，前文提到一个三年级的学生想要采访她，故此处指留言询问是否可以采访她，故选D。quote引用；find找到；follow跟随；interview采访。
8．( A )A.touched B．confused
C．frightened D．surprised
解析：句意：不用说，Shen立刻就被这封邮件感动了，因此她在推特上分享了这个孩子鼓舞人心的信息的截图。根据后文“Many commenters were just as moved by the email as Shen was.”可知，很多评论者与Shen一样感动，故此处指Shen立刻就被这封邮件感动了，故选A。touched感动；confused困惑的；frightened害怕的；surprised惊讶的。
9．( B )A.frequently B．immediately
C．exactly D．eventually
解析：句意：从她第一次分享，这帖子立刻就火了起来，得到了27万多的点赞和1 500多条评论。根据后文“gaining more than 270，000 likes and 1，500 __10__ since she first shared it”可知，从她第一次分享这个帖子，获得了27万多的点赞和1 500多条评论，故此处指这个帖子立刻就火了起来，故选B。frequently频繁地；immediately立刻地；exactly确切地；eventually最终。
10．( B )A.questions B．comments
C．posts D．calls
解析：句意同上。根据后文“Many commenters were just as moved by the email as Shen was.”可知，很多评论者说他们与Shen一样很感动，故此处指1 500多条评论，故选B。question问题；comment评论；post帖子；call电话。
11．( C )A.bothered B．requested
C．inspired D．ordered
解析：句意：令人惊叹的是，孩子们会受到鼓励，去取得和你一样多的成就。根据前文“she had never __3__ herself to be an inspiration for future generations”可知，她从未想过自己能激励后代，故此处指孩子受到鼓励，去尽可能多地取得成就，故选C。bother打扰；request要求；inspire鼓励；order命令。
12．( D )A.accused B．suspected
C．warned D．reminded
解析：句意：其他的读者也想起了自己在孩子成长过程中的经历。根据空后“of their own experiences with young children growing up”可知，此处指这个帖子让其他评论者想起了自己在孩子成长过程中的经历，故选D。accuse控告；suspect怀疑；warn警告；remind提醒，使想起。
13．( A )A.awesome B．urgent
C．impossible D．depressing
解析：句意：榜样很重要，令人惊叹的是，这个三年级的学生找到了自己的偶像。根据后文“the third grader found his role model”可知，这个三年级的学生找到了自己的偶像，这件事应是令人惊叹的，故选A。awesome令人惊叹的，极佳的(课标生僻词)；urgent紧急的；impossible不可能的；depressing令人沮丧的。
14．( C )A.quit B．advocate
C．complete D．use
解析：句意：现在，这个故事感动了上千人，Shen有了新的动力去完成她的博士学位，去继续支持她这个领域的学生。根据前文“Ph.D.candidate Elaine Shen”可知，Shen是博士候选人，故此处指她有了新的动力去完成她的博士学位，故选C。quit放弃；advocate拥护；complete完成；use使用。
15．( B )A.competition B．support
C．injustice D．privacy
解析：句意同上。根据前文“It's pretty amazing to witness that children are __11__ to achieve as much as you have done”可知，Shen已经成为孩子们的偶像，故她也会为孩子们创造支持的氛围，在背后一直支持他们，故选B。competition竞争；support支持；injustice不公正；privacy隐私(课标生僻词)。(共94张PPT)
简洁
实用
高效
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
RJ英语
必修第三册
内容索引
词汇复现 语境串记
高效课堂 考点突破
多维演练 素养提升
第一部分
第二部分
第三部分
重难考点
拾遗考点
A
B
课时作业15
第五部分
基础默测
第四部分
默写达标
基础检测
A
B
词汇复现 语境串记
第
分
部
一
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
Mankind has managed to create facilities and vehicles to carry astronauts into the universe．They launch rockets carrying 1.satellites.Many intelligent people around the globe are determined to devote themselves to space exploration，even though fatal space disasters which killed astronauts on board make them 2.disappointed.Besides，when living in space，the astronauts have to recycle dirty water so as to use it later.For lack of gravity，their muscles become weak.They have to tape everything up. Otherwise they would 3.float around.They also need to figure out a way to store sufficient food and oxygen．However，people's desire to explore space never dies.China is the third country to send humans into space independently．This 4.signals a giant leap forward for China.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money on space exploration, which is a shallow view.Our planet's resources are 5.limited，and as a result，we should find a new home to provide for the ever increasing population.In closing，we 6.attach great importance to solving the mystery about space and will carry on with space exploration regularly．
attach；disappoint；float；limit；satellite；signal
satellites
disappointed
float
signals
limited
attach
高效课堂 考点突破
第
分
部
二
1 determine vt.查明；确定；决定(→determined adj.意志坚定的；有决心的
→determination n．决心；决定)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①They determined to finish (finish) the project despite the mounting challenges.
②He faced the numerous challenges on his way with determination, never once thinking of giving up.
③We are determined to perform (perform) well in the performance, so we've been occupied in preparing for it.
[能力提升]——句式升级
④Determined to perform well in the performance, we've been occupied in preparing for it.(用分词短语改写句③)
重难考点
to finish
with
to perform
Determined to perform well in the performance,
(1)determine on/upon 决定
determine to do sth. 决定做某事
(2)be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
(3)with determination 坚决地
[语料积累] ①He has determined on winning the school debate competition.(心理描写)
他决心赢得学校的辩论赛。
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination．(心理描写)
我熟悉戴维所面临的挑战，也为他坚定的决心感到骄傲。
2 disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的(→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointing adj.
令人失望的→disappointment n．失望；沮丧)
[基础检测]——选词填空
①One by one，the applicants left the interviewer's office with disappointed looks on their faces.(disappointed/disappointing)
[能力提升]——微写作
②意识到我对于他的到来很沮丧，他竭尽全力帮助我、照顾我，我的沮丧逐渐转换成我对他的感激。
Sensing that I was disappointed at his arrival，he did whatever he could to help me and care for me and my disappointment gradually gave way to my gratitude to him.(心理描写)
disappointed
I was disappointed at
my disappointment gradually gave way to
③她失望地发现由于天气不好，学校旅行被取消了。
She was disappointed to find out that the school trip had been canceled due to the bad weather.(心理、动作描写)
She was disappointed to find out that
(1)be disappointed at/with/by… 对……感到失望
be disappointed to do sth. 对做某事感到失望
be disappointed that… 对……失望
(2)to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
[语料积累] ①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)After being told that the cash machine still did not play along, Gunter let out a long sigh, with his subtle expression displaying a sign of disappointment．(动作、神情描写)
在被告知自动取款机仍然不能用后，冈特长叹一声，他的微妙表情显示出一丝失望。
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)To their disappointment，they failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt.(心理描写)
让他们失望的是，他们的第一次尝试没能做出母亲节的早餐。
3 desire n．渴望；欲望；愿望 vt.渴望；期望(→desirable adj.令人向往的；值
得拥有的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①She desires to become (become) an astronaut in the future, so she works hard in her classes.
②He had a desire for adventure, so he joined the school's hiking club to explore new places and challenge himself.
to become
for
[能力提升]——一句多译
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)失望的双胞胎想要父亲告诉他们如何做三明治，他点点头。
→The disappointed twins desired their father to tell them how to make sandwiches，and he nodded.
→The disappointed twins desired that their father (should) tell them how to make sandwiches，and he nodded.
to tell them how to make sandwiches
(should) tell them how to make
sandwiches
(1)have a desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
have a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
desire that…(should) do… 渴望……
[语料积累] (2023·全国乙卷)As I had a strong desire to learn a new skill，I turned to my mother for help，with whose help I began to learn how to cook during the summer vacation.(投稿)
由于我强烈渴望学习一种新技能，我向妈妈寻求帮助，在她的帮助下，我开始在暑假期间学习做饭。
4 lack vt.缺乏；缺少；没有 n．缺乏；短缺(→lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Some students may feel uncomfortable practicing with someone they don't know well，which could result in a lack of participation.
[能力提升]——一句多译
②由于缺乏自信和经验，简完全不知道该如何应付这可怕的情况。
→Lacking confidence and experience，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(分词短语作状语)
→For/Through lack of confidence and experience，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(lack n．)
→Lacking in confidence and experience，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(lacking adj.)
of
Lacking confidence and experience
For/Through lack of confidence and experience
Lacking in confidence and experience
(1)(a) lack of 缺少……
for/through lack of 因缺少……
(2)be lacking in 在……方面缺乏
[语料积累] ①The girl used to be lacking in confidence and it was her teacher's encouragement that made her more confident.(人物描写)
这个女孩过去曾经缺乏自信，是老师的鼓励让她更加自信了。
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Regardless of the fact that they lacked cooking experience，the twins still prepared an exceptional breakfast for their mother with great expectations.(人物描写)
尽管他们缺乏烹饪经验，双胞胎仍然满怀期待地为妈妈准备了一顿特别的早餐。
5 argue vt.& vi.争论；争辩；论证(→argument n．争论；争辩；争吵；论点)
[基础检测]——用argue的相关短语填空
①As for school uniforms, some students argued for the uniforms, saying they promote equality.Others argued against the idea, believing that uniforms limit personal expression.
[能力提升]——微写作
②每个人都有责任保护环境，这是无可争辩的。
It is beyond argument that everyone has the responsibility to protect the environment.(演讲稿)
③我后悔因为这么小的问题和她争吵。
I regretted arguing with her about/over such a small question.(心理描写)
argued for
argued against
beyond argument
arguing with her about/over
(1)argue with sb. about/over sth.
因某事与某人争吵/争论
argue for/against (doing) sth.
据理赞成/反对(做)某事
argue sb.into/out of doing sth.
说服某人做/不做某事
(2)beyond argument 无可争论
[语料积累] (2023·全国乙卷)Eager to master some basic living skills，I argued my mother into teaching me how to cook during the May Day holiday.(投稿)
渴望掌握一些基本的生活技能，我说服母亲在五一假期期间教我做饭。
6 attach vt.系；绑；贴；把……固定(→attached adj.附加的；依恋的，爱慕的
→attachment n．附件；附属品；依恋)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①She found a box lying on the table with a card attached (attach) to it，saying “Happy birthday”．
[能力提升]——微写作
②他拿出吊床，拴在树上，惬意地躺在里面，听着他最喜爱的音乐。
He took out the hammock，attached it to the trees and lay in it comfortably，listening to his favorite music.(动作链)
③你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。
You can never attach too much importance to reading．(建议信)
attached
attached it to the trees
attach too much importance to reading
(1)attach…to…
把……附在……上；把……绑在……上
attach importance/significance/value/weight to… 认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量
(2)be attached to 喜欢，依恋；附属于
[语料积累] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Overall, I thoroughly enjoyed the art class.I am attaching a photo of my artwork for you and hope you like it.(活动介绍)
总的来说，我非常享受这节美术课。我给你附上了一张我的艺术作品的照片，希望你能喜欢。
7 result in导致；造成
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①As far as I'm concerned，her failure in the competition resulted from her casual attitude.
[能力提升]——微写作
②他打了好几次电话给他的朋友，但没有结果。最后，他发了一条短信，希望能得到回复。
He called his friend several times without result．Finally, he sent a text message, hoping for a reply.(动作链)
③她没穿外套，因此感冒了。她妈妈告诉她以后要多注意天气。
She didn't wear her coat, and as a result, she caught a cold.Her mother told her to be more careful about the weather.(情景描写)
from
without result
as a result,
(1)result from
由……导致；因……而产生
(2)as a result 因此
as a result of 由于……
without result
没有结果；徒劳地
[语料积累] (2022·浙江1月卷)Not only will the activity provide an opportunity to learn about the Chinese culture but it will also result in mutual understanding and friendship.(活动介绍)
这次活动不仅将提供一个了解中国文化的机会，而且将增进相互理解和友谊。
8 run out用完；耗尽(物作主语，无被动语态)
[基础检测]——用run的相关短语填空
①The moment we ran across/into a cute wild rabbit，we rode our horses and ran after it in excitement.
[能力提升]——微写作
②爱护环境将变得很重要，因为地球的自然资源濒临枯竭。
Care for the environment will become very important as earth's natural resources are running out．(演讲稿)
③我们遇到了一些问题，但我们齐心协力找到了解决方案，并按时完成了任务。
We ran into some problems, but we worked together to find solutions and finished on time.(情景描写)
ran across/into
ran after
are
running out
We ran into some problems,
run out of 用光，用完(人作主语，有被动语态)
run across 偶然遇到
run after 追逐；追求
run into 撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等)
[语料积累] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David was running out of his energy but when he heard loud cheers from the other kids，he was making his way towards the finish line，bathed in sweat.(场景描写)
大卫快要筋疲力尽了，但当他听到其他孩子的欢呼声时，他汗流浃背地朝终点线走去。
9 句型公式：the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth.
(教材原句)Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space．
之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空/小语段训练
①I have something important about the construction in the downtown to tell (tell) you.
②John was the first person to think (think)of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money.He was convinced that he had the ability to help (help) Bernard out of difficulty.
to tell
to think
to help
[能力提升]——微写作
③北京成为第一个举办夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会的城市。
Beijing has become the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympic Games.(地点介绍)
④毫无疑问我是从事这项工作的最佳人选。
There is no doubt that I am the best person to take up the job．(申请信)
the first city to host
I am the best person to take up the job
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the next、the only、the last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词多是抽象名词，常见的有ability、chance、ambition、offer、anxiety、answer、reply、attempt、belief等。
(3)不定代词something，nothing，little等后常用不定式作定语。
[语料积累] (2023·全国甲卷)He is the first Chinese to realize the dream of sailing around the world，as well as the first Chinese to cross the English Channel and the Atlantic Ocean.(投稿)
他是第一个实现全球航行梦想的中国人，也是第一个穿过英吉利海峡和大西洋的中国人。
10 句型公式：倍数＋as＋形容词/副词＋as…
(教材原句)Olympus Mons, the largest volcano on Mars, is about twice as high as Mount Qomolangma.
火星上最大的火山——奥林帕斯山大约是珠穆朗玛峰的两倍高。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①His latest novel is twice the length (long) of his previous one.
②The number of people visiting our park this year is three times what it was just five years ago.
length
what
[能力提升]——一句多译
③据我所知，这座城市是那座的三倍大。
→As far as I know, the city is three times as large as that one．(as…as…)
→As far as I know, the city is three times larger than that one．(比较级)
→As far as I know, the city is three times the size of that one．(size)
three times as large as that one
three times larger than that one
three times the size of that one
倍数表达法：
(1)倍数＋as＋形容词/副词＋as…
(2)倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than…
(3)倍数＋the size/length/height/depth/width＋of…
(4)倍数＋what从句
[语料积累] The new library is three times as large as the old one, complete with a café and study rooms.(地点介绍)
新图书馆是旧图书馆的三倍大，并配有咖啡厅和自习室。
[名师指津] 表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”表达。
拾遗考点
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．The school launched a campaign to raise awareness about recycling, encouraging students to bring reusable bottles.
2．The passengers on board the ship enjoyed the view of the sunset as they sailed across the ocean.
3．The teacher encouraged the class to carry on with their studies even when faced with challenging topics.
4．They worked extra hours in the hope of finishing the project before the deadline.
5．She finally figured out why her computer wasn't working properly after hours.
launched a campaign
on board
carry on
in the hope of
figured out
1．on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
2．figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
3．in the hope of doing sth.
抱着……的希望
4．carry on 继续做，坚持干
5．beyond prep. 在更远处；超出
6．launch a campaign to do sth. 发起一项运动来做某事
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——前缀pro /pre /fore
前缀pro /pre /fore 表示“在前；向前”。例如本单元中的单词：procedure(n.程序；步骤；手续)是由前缀pro (在前，向前)＋ ced (行走，前进)＋ ure(结果)转化而来，表示“前面经过的历程”。前缀pro /pre /fore 的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．Learning a new language is a gradual process that requires time and practice.
n. 过程
2．The students have made significant progress in their English skills since the beginning of the school year. n. 进步
3．The science project involved building a model volcano and demonstrating how it erupts. n. 项目
4．The weather forecast predicts sunny skies for the weekend, which is perfect for a picnic. v. 预告，预报
5．Learning how to use prefixes can help students expand their vocabulary and understand new words. n. 前缀
n. 过程
n. 进步
n. 项目
v. 预告，预报
n. 前缀
多维演练 素养提升
第
分
部
三
板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．current
(1)Some birds use warm air currents to help them fly.C
(2)The current money in China is Renminbi.B
(3)We should try our best to go with the current of the times.D
(4)(2021·北京卷)With the current footprint of humanity，“it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form，possibly within a decade，certainly within this century，” Johnson said in an email.A
A.adj.现在的；当前的 B．adj.流通的 C．n.气流 D．n.潮流
C
B
D
A
2．otherwise
(1)(2021·浙江6月卷)Seize the chance，otherwise you won't enjoy the beautiful traditional Chinese paintings.B
(2)There was some music playing upstairs.Otherwise the house was silent.C
(3)It is not permitted to sell or otherwise distribute copies of past examination papers.A
B
C
A
A.adv.以其他方式 B．adv.否则；要不然 C．adv.除此以外
3．launch
(1)It is confirmed that China will launch more spacecrafts to the moon in the following year.A
(2)The police have launched an investigation into the case，which has resulted in great concerns nationwide.C
(3) (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)The Idler was launched by Tom Hokinson，back in 1993.B
(4)After the launch of the products，they have won good praises from customers for their convenient and high efficient superior properties.D
A.v.发射(卫星等) B．v.创办；发行 C．v.发动，发起(运动、战役等) D．n.新产品投入市场
A
C
B
D
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．(2022·全国乙卷)With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast－moving trains would be able to react in time.
v. 预见，预示
[点拨]signal (熟义) vt. & vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志。此处用作动词，意为“预见，预示”。
2．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals.
v. 监视；监测；监控
[点拨]monitor (熟义) n．班长；监视器；监测仪。此处用作动词，意为“监视；监测；监控”。
v. 预见，预示
v. 监视；监测；监控
3．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead.
v. 提出(计划或想法)
[点拨]float (熟义) vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流。此处意为“提出(计划或想法)”。
v. 提出(计划或想法)
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配/单元语法(动词不定式作定语和状语)
1．Sarah has a strong desire to learn (learn) the piano, so she practices every day after school with great enthusiasm.
2．Tom was disappointed to find (find) out that the concert was canceled, as he had been looking forward to it for weeks.
3．A lack of sleep can seriously affect a student's concentration and performance in class.
4．Jenny often argues with her brother about who gets to use the computer first after dinner.
5．In our family, great importance is attached (attach) to honesty, and lying is never tolerated.
to learn
to find
of
with
is attached
6．The delay in the flight resulted from unexpected weather conditions.
7．She is keen on learning new languages and is currently studying French and Spanish.
8．The charity organization provides for families in need, offering food, clothing, and shelter.
9．The rule of this game is too complicated to explain (explain) clearly in a few words.
10．The airport to be completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
from
on
for
to explain
to be completed
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．学会弹吉他需要一些时间。
It takes some time to learn how to play the guitar．
2．新的过山车比旧的高出两倍。
The new roller coaster is twice as high as the old one．
3．第一个在太空行走的宇航员成了国家英雄。
The first astronaut to walk in space became a national hero．(人物介绍)
4．每天早起帮助她保持健康的生活习惯。
Getting up early every day helps her maintain a healthy lifestyle．(人物描写)
It takes some time to learn how to play the guitar
The new roller coaster is twice as high as the old one
The first astronaut to walk in space became a national hero
Getting up early every day helps her maintain a healthy lifestyle
5．The coach desired that he should join the basketball team because of his height and speed.(情景描写)
→The coach desired him to join the basketball team because of his height and speed．
(变为简单句)
6．Our school attaches great importance to academic achievement.(现象介绍)
→Great importance is attached to academic achievement by our school．(变为被动语态)
The coach desired him to join the basketball team because of his height and speed
Great importance is attached to academic achievement by our school
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
最近，有网友在某英文论坛上发帖，征集网友们对“是否愿意在空间站体验一个月生活”的意见。请你用英语回帖，内容包括：
1．表明你的观点；
2．说明理由。
1．I desire to live on a space station for one month(我渴望在空间站上生活一个月；desire to do)for the following reasons.
First of all, I've always been curious about the universe.2.While orbiting the earth(在环绕地球运行时；省略句), I can observe the charming scenery of space and experience the feeling of floating in space.Moreover, I'll 3.try to figure out some mysteries of space(试图弄清太空的一些奥秘) so as to contribute to human exploration of space.Last but not least, living in space independently for a month will definitely make a great difference to my life.
In closing, 4.it is beyond argument that living on the space station is worth it(无可争辩在空间站生活是值得的)．
I desire to live on a space station for one month
While orbiting the earth
try to figure out some mysteries of space
it is beyond argument that living on the space station is worth it
维度二 读后续写微技能15——动作细节描写：眼睛(二)
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
1．keep an eye on 注视着
2．with one's eyes open/narrowed 睁/眯着眼睛
3．eye sb. up and down 上下打量某人
4．squeeze one's eyes shut 紧紧地闭着眼睛
5．look sb. straight in the eye 直视某人的眼睛
6．turn one's eyes to... 眼神转向……
7．shut one's eyes 闭上眼睛
8．fall on 落在
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．他眯起眼睛，想知道发生了什么事。
With his eyes narrowed, he wondered what had happened．(with复合结构)
2．注意到我进来，父亲上下打量着我，迷惑不解。
Noticing me come in, my father eyed me up and down, confused.
3．两大颗泪珠从她的眼角慢慢地流到嘴角。
Two great tears ran slowly from the corners of her eyes toward the corners of her mouth.(名篇《项链》)
4．得知真相后，我紧紧地闭着眼睛，咬着嘴唇，眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。
When learning the truth，I squeezed my eyes shut and bit my lip, with tears running down my cheeks．
With his eyes narrowed,
eyed me up and down,
the corners of her eyes
squeezed my eyes shut
5．他们的眼睛几乎不动，眼神恍惚，好像在睁着眼睛睡觉。
Their eyes barely move, and they always have the same distant look in their eyes. It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open. (with复合结构)
with their eyes open
任务2 语段表达
David sat on the ground, 1.shut his eyes (闭上眼睛) and bit his lip, with tears rolling down his cheeks slowly. 2.I kept an eye on him (我注视着他), but he turned his eyes to another direction, upset and embarrassed，3.avoiding looking me straight in the eye (避免直视我的眼睛)．I remarked with gentleness，“Keep trying and you will be rewarded with applause.” Finally, 4.his eyes fell on me (他的目光落在我身上) and his eyes sparkled with delight and hope.
shut his eyes
I kept an eye on him
avoiding looking me straight in the eye
his eyes fell on me
基础默测
第
分
部
四
默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．frontier n. 边境；国界；边远地区
2．vehicle n. 交通工具；车辆
3．satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星
4．procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续
5．rocket n. 火箭；火箭弹
6．gravity n. 重力；引力
7．orbit n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围
vt. & vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
边境；国界；边远地区
交通工具；车辆
人造卫星；卫星
程序；步骤；手续
火箭；火箭弹
重力；引力
(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围
沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
8．giant adj. 巨大的；伟大的 n. 巨人；巨兽；伟人
9．agency n. (政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
10．transmit vt. & vi. 传输；发送
11．data n. [pl.]资料；数据
12．solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的
13．sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的
14．module n. 舱；组件；模块
15．facility n. 设施；设备
16．fatal adj. 致命的；灾难性的
17．pillow n. 枕头
巨大的；伟大的
巨人；巨兽；伟人
(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
传输；发送
资料；数据
太阳的；太阳能的
足够的；充足的
舱；组件；模块
设施；设备
致命的；灾难性的
枕头
二、核心单词写得准
1．keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的
2．pattern n. 模式；图案；模范
3．recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用
4．muscle n. 肌肉；实力；影响力
5．float vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt. 使浮动；使漂流
6．current adj. 当前的；现在的 n. 水流；电流；思潮
7．launch vt. & n. 发射；发起；上市
8．signal vt. & vi. 标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志
9．monitor n. 监视器；监测仪 vt. 监视；监测；监控
10．resource n. 资源；财力；物力
keen
pattern
recycle
muscle
float
current
launch
signal
monitor
resource
三、拓展单词通变化
1．disappoint vt. 使失望→disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的→disappointing adj. 令人失望的→disappointment n. 失望；沮丧
2．universe n. 宇宙；天地万物→universal adj. 宇宙的；通用的
3．intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n. 智慧
4．desire n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望→desired adj. 渴望的，想要的
5．lack vt. 缺乏；没有 n. 缺乏；短缺→lacking adj. 缺乏的；不足的
6．globe n. 地球；世界；地球仪→global adj. 全球的；全面的
7．regular adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly adv. 经常；定期地→irregular adj. 无规律的；不定期的
8．mystery n. 神秘事物；谜→mysterious adj. 神秘的
disappoint
disappointed
disappointing
disappointment
universe
universal
intelligent
intelligence
desire
desired
lack
lacking
globe
global
regular
regularly
irregular
mystery
mysterious
四、重点词块明搭配
1．in the hope of doing sth. 抱着……的希望
2．on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3．carry on 继续做，坚持干
4．so as to (do sth.) 为了；以便
5．figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
6．result in 导致；造成
7．as a result 所以；结果(是)
8．provide for sb. 提供生活所需
9．in closing 最后
10．run out 用完；耗尽
in the hope of doing sth.
on board
carry on
so as to (do sth.)
figure out
导致；造成
所以；结果(是)
提供生活所需
最后
用完；耗尽
五、教材佳句会运用
1．……1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。(the first＋名词＋不定式短语)
…and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space．
2．例如，使用当前的技术，到达火星之后再返回将需要花费一年多的时间。(It＋takes＋some time＋to do sth.)
For example, using current technology, it would take over a year to get to Mars and come back.
the first person in the world to enter
space
it would take over a year to get to
3．首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。(动名词短语作主语)
Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
4．火星上最大的火山——奥林帕斯山大约是珠穆朗玛峰的两倍高。(倍数表达法)
Olympus Mons, the largest volcano on Mars, is about twice as high as Mount Qomolangma.
exploring space
is about twice as high as
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The invention of the Internet has significantly impacted the way mankind (人类) communicates.
2．It's crucial to recycle (回收利用) plastic to reduce pollution and save the environment.
3．Regular exercise helps in building strong muscles (肌肉)．
4．Her performance went beyond (超出) everyone's expectations and impressed the audience.
5．The river's current (水流) was strong, making it difficult to row upstream.
mankind
recycle
muscles
beyond
current
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Her determination (determine) to master the subject inspired other students in the class.
2．His face was a picture of disappointment (disappoint) when he realized he had missed the bus.
3．In his essay, he presented an argument (argue) in favor of renewable energy sources.
4．Yoga helps me stay both physically and mentally (mental) fit.
5．To maintain a healthy body, it's essential to exercise regularly (regular)．
determination
disappointment
argument
mentally
regularly
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．The six astronauts on board will spend ten days in space.
2．It was reported that a terrible mistake resulted in the failure of the launch of the space shuttle.
3．Conditions are getting worse and supplies in the spacecraft are running out．
4．Her bravery has given him the will to carry on his scientific work.
5．In closing, I wish this conference a complete success.
run out；on board；result in；carry on；in closing
on board
resulted in
running out
carry on
In closing,
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．我们要花很长时间在这两个城市之间架起一座桥梁。(It＋takes＋some time＋to do sth.)
It will take us a long time to build a bridge between the two cities.
2．我能说一口流利的英语，我是班上第一个出国深造的学生。(the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth.)
I can speak fluent English and I am the first student in my class to go abroad for further study．
3．这家酒店是我们去年住的那家的三倍大。(as…as…)
This hotel is three times as large as the one we stayed at last year.
It will take us a long time to build a bridge
the first student in my class to go abroad for further
study
is three times as large as
课时作业15
第
分
部
五
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2024·江苏南京、盐城高三模拟)
Since the last ice age, humans have cleared nearly half of the earth's forests and grasslands for agriculture.With the world population expanding, there's ever increasing pressure on farmland to produce not only more food but also clean energy.In places such as Yakima County, Washington, it's created competition for space as land hungry solar panels (太阳能电池板) consume available fields.Last month, the state approved plans to cover 1，700 acres of agricultural land with solar panels, fueling concerns over the long term impacts of losing cropland.
A recent study from the University of California, however, shows how farmers may soon harvest crops and energy together.One researcher, Majdi Abou Najm, explains that the visible light spectrum(光谱) can be separated into blue and red light waves, and their photons(光子) have different properties.Blue ones have higher energy than red ones.While that gives blue light what is needed to generate power, it also results in higher temperatures.“From a plant angle, red photons are the efficient ones，” says Abou Najm.“They don't make the plant feel hot.”
A goal of the study is to create a new generation of solar panels.He sees potential in the organic solar cells, which come from carbon based materials.Thin and transparent, the cells are applied like a film onto various surfaces.This new technology could be used to develop special solar panels that block blue light to generate power, while passing the red light on to crops planted directly below.These panels could also provide shade for heat sensitive fruits during the hottest part of the day.
By 2050, we'll have two billion more people, and we'll need more food and more energy.By maximizing the solar spectrum, “we're making full use of an endlessly sustainable resource，” says Abou Najm.“If a technology can develop these panels, then the sky is the limit on how efficient we can be.”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员分离太阳光成蓝光波和红光波，阻断蓝光波用于太阳能电池板的发电，同时又不影响红光波传导到电池板下面的植物上，这些红光波对植物生长有利。这解决了太阳能电池板和可耕种土地之间的空间竞争。
1．What problem does the first paragraph focus on？( )
A．Losing cropland to solar panels.
B．Distribution of the world population.
C．Reduction in forests and grasslands.
D．Competing for land between farmers.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“it's created competition…fueling concerns over the long term impacts of losing cropland.”可知，太阳能电池板消耗了可用的土地，这引发了对空间的竞争，政府批准了用太阳能电池板覆盖1 700英亩耕地的计划，这加剧了人们对失去农田的长期影响的担忧。由此可知，第一段主要关注的是太阳能电池板导致耕地流失的问题。故选A。
A
2．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to？( )
A．Generation of solar power.
B．Hot weather increasing efficiency.
C．Blue photons having higher energy.
D．Separation of the visible light spectrum.
解析：代词指代题。根据第二段中的“Blue ones have higher energy than red ones.”可知，蓝色光子比红色光子具有更高的能量，that后表达提供给蓝光发电所需的东西。由此可推知，that指的就是蓝色光子具有更高的能量这一情况。故选C。
C
3．What do we know about the organic solar cells？( )
A．They make fruits heat sensitive.
B．They can cool down in hot days.
C．They allow red light to pass through.
D．They can store carbon based materials.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This new technology could be used…crops planted directly below.”可知，这项新技术可以用于开发特殊的太阳能电池板，它可以阻挡蓝光以用于发电，同时将红光传递到直接种植在下面的作物上。由此可知，有机太阳能电池能够允许红光通过。故选C。
C
4．What does Abou Najm think of the future of the new solar panels？( )
A．Limited. B．Promising.
C．Uncertain. D．Challenging.
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“If a technology can develop these panels, then the sky is the limit on how efficient we can be.”可知，如果一项技术能够开发出这些电池板，那么天空就是我们效率的极限；再结合第三段中的“He sees potential in the organic solar cells”可推知，Abou Najm认为新型太阳能电池板是有前途的。故选B。
B
(2024·云南昆明高三模拟)
Frying French fries in space may be possible, according to a recent study by Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
On Earth, we have gravity and buoyancy(浮力)．Gravity makes sure that the oil stays in the cooker, and buoyancy allows the bubbles that come out of the fries to travel upward so that the fries are cooked.In space, which is under microgravity, there is no buoyancy.So scientists for long believed that frying wasn't possible.
The research team first designed a sealed container that could fry the potato safely in zero gravity and then took the researchers on a ride.The plane climbed up, and then, at a certain point, headed down just like a roller coaster.There were about 20 seconds of microgravity when the plane reached the highest point, during which the team did tests.
To their surprise, the fries were cooked, and the bubbles were able to escape.When the potato was fried, the water inside the potato turned into vapor(水蒸气)．The vapor created pressure when released from the potato.The pressure inside the potato allowed the bubbles to go out and let the oil come in, according to the research paper.It showed that “frying can occur in space”．
This isn't the first attempt for scientists to deep fry French fries in “space”．Early in 2014, a group of researchers conducted studies under various gravity.The agency's large centrifuge(离心机) can create artificial gravity from 1 to 20g, with “g” referring to the gravitational acceleration at the surface of the Earth.It has four arms and can spin fast.During the spin, things held by the arm are under centrifugal force, which is the source of artificial gravity.The fries were cooked under different gravity from 1 to 9g.
They discovered that the French fries had the most crispy(脆的) chips under 3g.It's interesting to mention that Jupiter's gravity is 2.4 times that of Earth's gravity.So, French fries may have the perfect taste if cooked on Jupiter, compared with other planets in the solar system.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。由于太空的微重力环境以及缺乏浮力，科学家长期以来认为炸薯条是不可能的。最近的一项研究表明在太空中可以炸薯条。
5．What may make frying French fries possible in space？( )
A．The release of bubbles.
B．The transformation of gravity.
C．The reduction of vapor.
D．The accumulation of buoyancy.
解析：推理判断题。 根据第二段内容和第四段中的“The vapor created pressure when released from the potato. The pressure inside the potato allowed the bubbles to go out and let the oil come in，according to the research paper.It showed that ‘frying can occur in space’．”可推知，炸薯条的前提是使薯条中的气泡释放出来。故选A项。
A
6．Why did the plane head down like a roller coaster？( )
A．To make a weightless sense.
B．To get appropriate pressure.
C．To test the seal of the container.
D．To create experiment conditions.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The plane…headed down just like a roller coaster. There were about 20 seconds of microgravity…during which the team did tests.”可知，飞机上升到一定高度后像过山车一样俯冲。在这个过程中，有20秒的时间飞机处于微重力状态，在此期间，团队进行了试验。由此可推知，飞机像过山车一样俯冲的目的是创造试验条件。故选D项。
D
7．What is the purpose of mentioning the studies conducted in 2014？( )
A．To show the function of the centrifuge.
B．To find common ground of various experiments.
C．To prove the perfect taste of French fries on Jupiter.
D．To offer more evidence about cooking French fries in space.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“This isn't the first attempt for scientists to deep fry French fries in ‘space'.”可知，这不是科学家首次企图在“太空”中炸薯条。由此可知，下文提到2014年进行的研究的目的是提供更多关于在太空中炸薯条的证据。故选D项。
D
8．Where is the text most probably taken from？( )
A．A science magazine.
B．A cook book.
C．A food advertisement.
D．A travel brochure.
解析：推理判断题。综观全文，尤其是根据第一段“Frying French fries in space may be possible, according to a recent study by Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.”可知，文章主要介绍了希腊一所大学最近的一项研究，该研究打破了科学家以往的看法，证明在太空中可以炸薯条，因此本文最可能选自一本科学杂志。故选A项。
A
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2024·河北秦皇岛高三模拟)
What we believe we can become is often shaped by the world we see around us.This is especially true for young children who __1__ becoming everything from astronauts to future world leaders.And it's one of the reasons why representation matters so much.For Asian American __2__ and Ph.D.candidate Elaine Shen, she had never __3__ herself to be an inspiration for future generations.That is until she received a(n) __4__ email from a third grader in Minnesota who wanted to interview her for a class __5__.
“I'm working on my big year end project，” the heart warming message __6__. “I love biology.I did some online research and found your website.I would like to ask if I could __7__ you.”
文章总览
Needless to say, Shen was immediately __8__ by the email—so much so that she shared a screenshot of the child's inspiring message on Twitter.The post __9__ became popular, gaining more than 270，000 likes and 1，500 __10__ since she first shared it.
Many commenters were just as moved by the email as Shen was.“It's pretty amazing to witness that children are __11__ to achieve as much as you have done，” said one Twitter user.Other readers were __12__ of their own experiences with young children growing up.“Representation matters, and it is __13__ the third grader found his role model.”
Now that the story has touched thousands, Shen has a renewed motivation to __14__ her Ph.D. and continue creating an environment of __15__ for students within her field.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Elaine Shen的故事。一位明尼苏达州的小学生给她发送了一封电子邮件，希望采访她作为他年终大项目的一部分。Shen对这封邮件感到非常感动，并在推特上分享了这一信息。
文章总览
What we believe we can become is often shaped by the world we see around us.This is especially true for young children who __1__ becoming everything from astronauts to future world leaders.And it's one of the reasons why representation matters so much.For Asian American __2__ and Ph.D.candidate Elaine Shen, she had never __3__ herself to be an inspiration for future generations.That is until she received a(n) __4__ email from a third grader in Minnesota who wanted to interview her for a class __5__.
1．( )A.stuck to B．kept on
C．gave up D．dreamed of
解析：句意：这是真的，尤其是对于那些梦想着成为从宇航员到未来的世界领袖的儿童。根据空后“becoming everything from astronauts to future world leaders”可知，这些儿童梦想着成为从宇航员到未来的世界领袖，故选D。stick to坚持；keep on继续；give up放弃；dream of梦想。
D
答案分析
What we believe we can become is often shaped by the world we see around us.This is especially true for young children who __1__ becoming everything from astronauts to future world leaders.And it's one of the reasons why representation matters so much.For Asian American __2__ and Ph.D.candidate Elaine Shen, she had never __3__ herself to be an inspiration for future generations.That is until she received a(n) __4__ email from a third grader in Minnesota who wanted to interview her for a class __5__.
2．( )A.biologist B．chemist
C．physicist D．artist
解析：句意：对于亚裔美国生物学家和博士候选人Elaine Shen来说，她从没想过自己能激励后代。根据后文“I love biology. I did some online research and found your website. I would like to ask if I could __7__ you.”可知，Elaine Shen是一个生物学家，故选A。biologist生物学家；chemist化学家；physicist物理学家；artist艺术家。
A
答案分析
What we believe we can become is often shaped by the world we see around us.This is especially true for young children who __1__ becoming everything from astronauts to future world leaders.And it's one of the reasons why representation matters so much.For Asian American __2__ and Ph.D.candidate Elaine Shen, she had never __3__ herself to be an inspiration for future generations.That is until she received a(n) __4__ email from a third grader in Minnesota who wanted to interview her for a class __5__.
3．( )A.expressed B．named
C．compared D．considered
解析：句意同上。根据空后“herself to be an inspiration for future generations”可知，此处指她不认为自己能成为激励后代的人，故选D。express表达；name称之为；compare比较；consider认为。
D
答案分析
What we believe we can become is often shaped by the world we see around us.This is especially true for young children who __1__ becoming everything from astronauts to future world leaders.And it's one of the reasons why representation matters so much.For Asian American __2__ and Ph.D.candidate Elaine Shen, she had never __3__ herself to be an inspiration for future generations.That is until she received a(n) __4__ email from a third grader in Minnesota who wanted to interview her for a class __5__.
4．( )A.urgent B．long
C．unexpected D．common
解析：句意：直到她收到了一封意外的来自明尼苏达州的一个三年级学生的电子邮件，邮件上说因为一次课堂项目，他想要采访她。根据前文“she had never __3__ herself to be an inspiration for future generations”可知，她从未想过自己能激励后代，故可推知这封邮件对她来说是出乎意料的，故选C。urgent紧急的；long长的；unexpected出乎意料的；common常见的。
C
答案分析
What we believe we can become is often shaped by the world we see around us.This is especially true for young children who __1__ becoming everything from astronauts to future world leaders.And it's one of the reasons why representation matters so much.For Asian American __2__ and Ph.D.candidate Elaine Shen, she had never __3__ herself to be an inspiration for future generations.That is until she received a(n) __4__ email from a third grader in Minnesota who wanted to interview her for a class __5__.
5．( )A.project B．performance
C．discussion D．speech
解析：句意同上。根据后文“I'm working on my big year end project”可知，此处指因为一个课堂项目想要采访她，故选A。project项目； performance表演；discussion讨论；speech演讲。
A
答案分析
“I'm working on my big year end project，” the heart warming message __6__. “I love biology.I did some online research and found your website.I would like to ask if I could __7__ you.”
6．( )A.informs B．reads
C．writes D．asks
解析：句意：这一暖心的留言写着：“我正在做一个年终大项目。我喜欢生物学。我做了一些网上的研究，发现了你的网站。我想问我是否能采访你。”根据空前“I'm working on my big year end project”及空后“I love biology. I did some online research and found your website. I would like to ask if I could __7__ you.”可知，空前和空后都是在介绍留言所写的内容，read符合语境，故选B。inform通知；read写着；write书写；ask询问。
B
答案分析
“I'm working on my big year end project，” the heart warming message __6__. “I love biology.I did some online research and found your website.I would like to ask if I could __7__ you.”
7．( )A.quote B．find
C．follow D．interview
解析：句意同上。根据前文“That is until she received a(n) __4__ email from a third grader in Minnesota who wanted to interview her for a class __5__.”可知，前文提到一个三年级的学生想要采访她，故此处指留言询问是否可以采访她，故选D。quote引用；find找到；follow跟随；interview采访。
D
答案分析
Needless to say, Shen was immediately __8__ by the email—so much so that she shared a screenshot of the child's inspiring message on Twitter.The post __9__ became popular, gaining more than 270，000 likes and 1，500 __10__ since she first shared it.
8．( )A.touched B．confused
C．frightened D．surprised
解析：句意：不用说，Shen立刻就被这封邮件感动了，因此她在推特上分享了这个孩子鼓舞人心的信息的截图。根据后文“Many commenters were just as moved by the email as Shen was.”可知，很多评论者与Shen一样感动，故此处指Shen立刻就被这封邮件感动了，故选A。touched感动；confused困惑的；frightened害怕的；surprised惊讶的。
A
答案分析
Needless to say, Shen was immediately __8__ by the email—so much so that she shared a screenshot of the child's inspiring message on Twitter.The post __9__ became popular, gaining more than 270，000 likes and 1，500 __10__ since she first shared it.
9．( )A.frequently B．immediately
C．exactly D．eventually
解析：句意：从她第一次分享，这帖子立刻就火了起来，得到了27万多的点赞和1 500多条评论。根据后文“gaining more than 270，000 likes and 1，500 __10__ since she first shared it”可知，从她第一次分享这个帖子，获得了27万多的点赞和1 500多条评论，故此处指这个帖子立刻就火了起来，故选B。frequently频繁地；immediately立刻地；exactly确切地；eventually最终。
B
答案分析
Needless to say, Shen was immediately __8__ by the email—so much so that she shared a screenshot of the child's inspiring message on Twitter.The post __9__ became popular, gaining more than 270，000 likes and 1，500 __10__ since she first shared it.
10．( )A.questions B．comments
C．posts D．calls
解析：句意同上。根据后文“Many commenters were just as moved by the email as Shen was.”可知，很多评论者说他们与Shen一样很感动，故此处指1 500多条评论，故选B。question问题；comment评论；post帖子；call电话。
B
答案分析
Many commenters were just as moved by the email as Shen was.“It's pretty amazing to witness that children are __11__ to achieve as much as you have done，” said one Twitter user.Other readers were __12__ of their own experiences with young children growing up.“Representation matters, and it is __13__ the third grader found his role model.”
11．( )A.bothered B．requested
C．inspired D．ordered
解析：句意：令人惊叹的是，孩子们会受到鼓励，去取得和你一样多的成就。根据前文“she had never __3__ herself to be an inspiration for future generations”可知，她从未想过自己能激励后代，故此处指孩子受到鼓励，去尽可能多地取得成就，故选C。bother打扰；request要求；inspire鼓励；order命令。
C
答案分析
Many commenters were just as moved by the email as Shen was.“It's pretty amazing to witness that children are __11__ to achieve as much as you have done，” said one Twitter user.Other readers were __12__ of their own experiences with young children growing up.“Representation matters, and it is __13__ the third grader found his role model.”
12．( )A.accused B．suspected
C．warned D．reminded
解析：句意：其他的读者也想起了自己在孩子成长过程中的经历。根据空后“of their own experiences with young children growing up”可知，此处指这个帖子让其他评论者想起了自己在孩子成长过程中的经历，故选D。accuse控告；suspect怀疑；warn警告；remind提醒，使想起。
D
答案分析
Many commenters were just as moved by the email as Shen was.“It's pretty amazing to witness that children are __11__ to achieve as much as you have done，” said one Twitter user.Other readers were __12__ of their own experiences with young children growing up.“Representation matters, and it is __13__ the third grader found his role model.”
13．( )A.awesome B．urgent
C．impossible D．depressing
解析：句意：榜样很重要，令人惊叹的是，这个三年级的学生找到了自己的偶像。根据后文“the third grader found his role model”可知，这个三年级的学生找到了自己的偶像，这件事应是令人惊叹的，故选A。awesome令人惊叹的，极佳的(课标生僻词)；urgent紧急的；impossible不可能的；depressing令人沮丧的。
A
答案分析
Now that the story has touched thousands, Shen has a renewed motivation to __14__ her Ph.D. and continue creating an environment of __15__ for students within her field.
14．( )A.quit B．advocate
C．complete D．use
解析：句意：现在，这个故事感动了上千人，Shen有了新的动力去完成她的博士学位，去继续支持她这个领域的学生。根据前文“Ph.D.candidate Elaine Shen”可知，Shen是博士候选人，故此处指她有了新的动力去完成她的博士学位，故选C。quit放弃；advocate拥护；complete完成；use使用。
C
答案分析
Now that the story has touched thousands, Shen has a renewed motivation to __14__ her Ph.D. and continue creating an environment of __15__ for students within her field.
15．( )A.competition B．support
C．injustice D．privacy
解析：句意同上。根据前文“It's pretty amazing to witness that children are __11__ to achieve as much as you have done”可知，Shen已经成为孩子们的偶像，故她也会为孩子们创造支持的氛围，在背后一直支持他们，故选B。competition竞争；support支持；injustice不公正；privacy隐私(课标生僻词)。
B
答案分析
