必修第三册 研真题·教考衔接
一 阅读理解
主题语境：人与社会 文体：说明文 主题：生物多样性数据偏差
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷D篇)In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application，” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable？”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it，” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
“Quite a lot，” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏差，建议应用程序引导市民科学家获取更好的数据。
1．What do we know about the records of species collected now
A．They are becoming outdated.
B．They are mostly in electronic form.
C．They are limited in number.
D．They are used for public exhibition.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。
2．What does Daru's study focus on
A．Threatened species.
B．Physical specimens.
C．Observational data.
D．Mobile applications.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。第二段的“I wanted to know: Are they usable？”告诉了我们Daru的研究问题：它们可以用(来标示全球生物多样性)吗？they指代observational data。由此可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据。故选C。
3．What has led to the biases according to the study
A．Mistakes in data analysis.
B．Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C．Improper way of sampling.
D．Unreliable data collection devices.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句可知，这些数据多来自市民科学家，这些人一般在自己生活的小范围内收集样本，而且常常收集那些能吸引他们注意力的生物样本。由此可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式不当。故选C。
4．What is Daru's suggestion for biodiversity apps
A．Review data from certain areas.
B．Hire experts to check the records.
C．Confirm the identity of the users.
D．Give guidance to citizen scientists.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以利用我们的研究结果来告知用户取样过多的地区，并将他们引导到取样不足的地区，甚至是物种上。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可推知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用程序应该给市民科学家提供指导。故选D。
体裁特点 本文属于现象性说明文。这类文章要紧扣提出的某一类现象，以此为核心进行出题。 这一类文章长难句多，考生需排除困难，对比题干，紧扣关键词句。
Ⅰ.词汇积累
1．document the species 记录物种(名词动化)
2．detect shifts in the number 检测到数量中的变化(一词多义)
3．with the rise of technology 随着科技的发展(一词多义)
4．lead author of the study这项研究的主要作者(熟词生义)
5．outnumber the primary data 超过了原始数据(合成词＋熟词生义)
6．favor certain regions 支持某些地区(名词动化)
7．record their encounters with... 记录他们遇见了……(一词多义)
8．certain species 某些物种(一词多义)
9．with attractive or eye catching features具有吸引人的或引人注目的特征(合成形容词“名词＋现在分词”，如peace loving热爱和平的，time consuming耗时的， meat eating食肉的)
10．oversampled areas 过度采样的地区(前缀over 意为“超过”，如overestimate高估，oversleep睡过头，overburdened负担过重的)
Ⅱ.句子解读
1．①In the race to document the species on Earth ②before they go extinct, ③researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.
[分析]①In the race to document the species on Earth在句中作状语；
②before they go extinct为状语中的时间状语从句；
③researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records为句子的主干部分，是主谓宾结构。
[译文]在争分夺秒地记录地球上物种以免它们灭绝的竞赛中，研究人员和市民科学家已经收集了数十亿条记录。
2．①These observations now outnumber the primary data ②that comes from physical specimens (标本)，③and ④since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, ⑤I wanted to know: Are they usable
[分析]①These observations now outnumber the primary data 为第一个并列分句中的主句；
②that comes from physical specimens 为定语从句，修饰先行词data；
③and连接两个并列分句；
④第二个并列分句中since引导原因状语从句；
⑤I wanted to know: Are they usable 为第二个并列分句中的主句。
[译文]这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗？
3．①This makes sense ②because the people ③who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists ④recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.
[分析]①This makes sense为主从复合句中的主句，主谓结构；
②because引导原因状语从句；
③who在此处引导定语从句，修饰the people；
④recording their encounters with species in areas nearby为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰citizen scientists。
[译文]这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是市民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区遇到的物种。
4．①Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—②that are not well sampled.
[分析]①该句子含有短语use...to do...；
②that are not well sampled为定语从句，修饰places和species。
[译文]生物多样性应用程序可以利用我们的研究结果来告知用户取样过多的地区，并将他们引导到取样不足的地区，甚至是物种上。
5．①To improve the quality of observational data, ②biodiversity apps can also encourage users to ③have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.
[分析]①To improve the quality of observational data为动词不定式短语作目的状语；
②该句中含有“encourage sb. to do”结构，动词不定式作宾语补足语；
③have an expert confirm...为“have sb. do sth.” 结构，confirm为省略了to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
[译文]为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。
假设Peter为一位市民科学家(citizen scientist)，最近他发现了一组特别的生物数据并写信给Daru——一位生物多样性数据研究的专家——分享此事，请结合所学知识写好这封信。不少于80词。
Dear Daru，
I hope this letter finds you well. My name is Peter, a passionate citizen scientist with a keen interest in the world of biodiversity. In the course of my recent field observations and data collection efforts, I have encountered a set of particularly attractive biological data that I believe deserves your expert attention.
While conducting a routine survey, I noticed an unusual pattern in the distribution and behavior of a specific insect species. After carefully recording their habitat preferences, feeding habits, and migration patterns, I've compiled a comprehensive data set that reveals a previously undocumented adaptation to climate change.
I am eager to share this data with you, hoping it might spark further investigation or collaboration.
Warmest regards!
Yours，
Peter
二 阅读七选五
主题语境：人与自我 文体：说明文 主题：作家对词典的使用
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(原稿). __1__ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. __2__ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
__3__ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2，672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163，000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. __4__ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.“To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work，” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”. __5__ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
A．I don't often use this dictionary.
B．It takes no account of the context.
C．But I still don't want to replace them.
D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E．Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G．Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者作为作家使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。
1．F 解析：上文“If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally pre－sented manuscript (原稿)．(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的。)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合语境。故选F。
2．B 解析：上文“I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker.”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器；下文提到了作者更喜欢精装书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能有缺点，所以B选项“It takes no account of the context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了作者不相信电脑拼写检查器的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B。
3．E 解析：下文提到了词典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，词典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了词典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E。
4．A 解析：下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了词典的使用情况，A选项“I don't often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本词典。)”是对词典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A。
5．D 解析：上文提到了编写词典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.”提到浏览词典也是一种乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.(但是阅读词典是一件愉悦的事。)”是作者对词典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，构成转折关系。故选D。
行文逻辑 本文的主要行文逻辑是讲述作家对词典的使用。挖空处前后思路清晰，逻辑鲜明，有同义替换(空1)，逻辑关系[因果关系(空2)、递进关系(空3)、转折关系(空4，空5)]。
Ⅰ.词汇积累
1．submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript 提交一份完美的、专业呈现的手稿(一词多义)
2．take the trouble to do sth.费神做某事；不辞辛劳地做某事(经典短语)
3．old fashioned 守旧的，老派的，过时的(合成词，类似的还有kind hearted 心地善良的，absent minded 心不在焉的，bad tempered 坏脾气的)
4．prefer a hard cover 更喜欢精装书(熟词生义)
5．leaf through迅速翻阅；翻看(熟词生义)
6．plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases
再加上复合词和习语(一词多义)
7．cast your eye over 把目光投向(一词多义)
8．a rewarding experience一次有意义的体验(rewarding还可用meaningful/worthwhile/valuable/fulfilling等代替)
Ⅱ.句子解读
1．Of course, these days ①there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, ②but I'm old fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages ③I can leaf through with my fingers.
[分析]①there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses为第一个并列分句，为there be句型；
②but连接并列句，其后为第二个并列分句，该句中enough后为动词不定式短语作结果状语；
③I can leaf through with my fingers为省略了that或者which的定语从句。
[译文]当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装书和能用手指翻阅的书页。
2．①It should give you a precise definition of each word, ②thus differentiating it from other words ③whose meanings are similar, but not identical.
[分析]①give sb. sth.为give后接双宾语；
②thus后为现在分词短语作结果状语；
③whose meanings are similar, but not identical为whose引导的定语从句。
[译文]它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。
3．In addition，①I have an old two volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, ②picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence.
[分析]①此处是个简单句，句子为主谓宾结构；
②picked up a few years ago 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的an old two volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary。
[译文]另外，我还有一套两卷的《牛津简明词典》的旧版，几年前在书店打折时买的，只花了99便士。
4．However，①if I need to check the origin of a word ②or to look up examples of its usage, ③there's nothing better.
[分析]①此处if引导条件状语从句；
②or在此表示选择关系。连接to check the origin of a word和to look up examples of its usage；
③此处为there be句型，句中nothing better为“否定词＋比较级”，该用法表示最高级含义。
[译文]然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。
假定你是Jeff，你的中国好友李华告知他在使用英英词典学习英语。请写一封回信，谈一谈自己的看法，内容包括：
1．英英词典的好处；
2．如何使用英英词典学习英语。
注意：词数80左右。
Dear Li Hua，
Delighted to hear from you about your interest in using an English English dictionary to enhance your English learning journey, I'm writing to share some opinions.
By consulting definitions in English, you're immersing yourself in the language, which helps deepen your comprehension of words and expressions. Besides, an English English dictionary exposes you to a wider range of words. As to how to make the most of it, choose a passage or article and use the dictionary to look up unfamiliar words.Pay attention to the example sentences provided，which offer invaluable insights into how the word is used in real life situations.
Keep up the good work, and I'm sure you'll see remarkable improvement soon!
Yours,
Jeff(共36张PPT)
简洁
实用
高效
研真题 教考衔接
RJ英语
必修第三册
内容索引
阅读理解
阅读七选五
第一部分
第二部分
阅读理解
第
分
部
一
主题语境：人与社会 文体：说明文 主题：生物多样性数据偏差
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷D篇)In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application，” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable？”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it，” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
“Quite a lot，” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏差，建议应用程序引导市民科学家获取更好的数据。
1．What do we know about the records of species collected now
A．They are becoming outdated.
B．They are mostly in electronic form.
C．They are limited in number.
D．They are used for public exhibition.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。
2．What does Daru's study focus on
A．Threatened species.
B．Physical specimens.
C．Observational data.
D．Mobile applications.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。第二段的“I wanted to know: Are they usable？”告诉了我们Daru的研究问题：它们可以用(来标示全球生物多样性)吗？they指代observational data。由此可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据。故选C。
3．What has led to the biases according to the study
A．Mistakes in data analysis.
B．Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C．Improper way of sampling.
D．Unreliable data collection devices.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句可知，这些数据多来自市民科学家，这些人一般在自己生活的小范围内收集样本，而且常常收集那些能吸引他们注意力的生物样本。由此可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式不当。故选C。
4．What is Daru's suggestion for biodiversity apps
A．Review data from certain areas.
B．Hire experts to check the records.
C．Confirm the identity of the users.
D．Give guidance to citizen scientists.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以利用我们的研究结果来告知用户取样过多的地区，并将他们引导到取样不足的地区，甚至是物种上。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可推知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用程序应该给市民科学家提供指导。故选D。
体裁特点
本文属于现象性说明文。这类文章要紧扣提出的某一类现象，以此为核心进行出题。
这一类文章长难句多，考生需排除困难，对比题干，紧扣关键词句。
Ⅰ.词汇积累
1．document the species 记录物种(名词动化)
2．detect shifts in the number 检测到数量中的变化(一词多义)
3．with the rise of technology 随着科技的发展(一词多义)
4．lead author of the study这项研究的主要作者(熟词生义)
5．outnumber the primary data 超过了原始数据(合成词＋熟词生义)
6．favor certain regions 支持某些地区(名词动化)
7．record their encounters with... 记录他们遇见了……(一词多义)
8．certain species 某些物种(一词多义)
9．with attractive or eye catching features具有吸引人的或引人注目的特征(合成形容词“名词＋现在分词”，如peace loving热爱和平的，time consuming耗时的， meat eating食肉的)
10．oversampled areas 过度采样的地区(前缀over 意为“超过”，如overestimate高估，oversleep睡过头，overburdened负担过重的)
Ⅱ.句子解读
1．①In the race to document the species on Earth ②before they go extinct, ③researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.
[分析]①In the race to document the species on Earth在句中作状语；
②before they go extinct为状语中的时间状语从句；
③researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records为句子的主干部分，是主谓宾结构。
[译文]在争分夺秒地记录地球上物种以免它们灭绝的竞赛中，研究人员和市民科学家已经收集了数十亿条记录。
状语
主谓宾
2．①These observations now outnumber the primary data ②that comes from physical specimens (标本)，③and ④since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, ⑤I wanted to know: Are they usable
[分析]①These observations now outnumber the primary data 为第一个并列分句中的主句；
②that comes from physical specimens 为定语从句，修饰先行词data；
③and连接两个并列分句；
④第二个并列分句中since引导原因状语从句；
⑤I wanted to know: Are they usable 为第二个并列分句中的主句。
[译文]这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗？
定语
原因状语
3．①This makes sense ②because the people ③who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists ④recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.
[分析]①This makes sense为主从复合句中的主句，主谓结构；
②because引导原因状语从句；
③who在此处引导定语从句，修饰the people；
④recording their encounters with species in areas nearby为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰citizen scientists。
[译文]这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是市民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区遇到的物种。
原因状语
后置定
语
4．①Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—②that are not well sampled.
[分析]①该句子含有短语use...to do...；
②that are not well sampled为定语从句，修饰places和species。
[译文]生物多样性应用程序可以利用我们的研究结果来告知用户取样过多的地区，并将他们引导到取样不足的地区，甚至是物种上。
定语
5．①To improve the quality of observational data, ②biodiversity apps can also encourage users to ③have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.
[分析]①To improve the quality of observational data为动词不定式短语作目的状语；
②该句中含有“encourage sb. to do”结构，动词不定式作宾语补足语；
③have an expert confirm...为“have sb. do sth.” 结构，confirm为省略了to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
[译文]为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。
目的状语
宾语补足语
假设Peter为一位市民科学家(citizen scientist)，最近他发现了一组特别的生物数据并写信给Daru——一位生物多样性数据研究的专家——分享此事，请结合所学知识写好这封信。不少于80词。
Dear Daru，
I hope this letter finds you well. My name is Peter, a passionate citizen scientist with a keen interest in the world of biodiversity. In the course of my recent field observations and data collection efforts, I have encountered a set of particularly attractive biological data that I believe deserves your expert attention.
While conducting a routine survey, I noticed an unusual pattern in the distribution and behavior of a specific insect species. After carefully recording their habitat preferences, feeding habits, and migration patterns, I've compiled a comprehensive data set that reveals a previously undocumented adaptation to climate change.
Dear Daru，
I hope this letter finds you well. My name is Peter, a passionate citizen scientist with a keen interest in the world of biodiversity. In the course of my recent field observations and data collection efforts, I have encountered a set of particularly attractive biological data that I believe deserves your expert attention.
While conducting a routine survey, I noticed an unusual pattern in the distribution and behavior of a specific insect species. After carefully recording their habitat preferences, feeding habits, and migration patterns, I've compiled a comprehensive data set that reveals a previously undocumented adaptation to climate change.
I am eager to share this data with you, hoping it might spark further investigation or collaboration.
Warmest regards!
Yours，
Peter
I am eager to share this data with you, hoping it might spark further investigation or collaboration.
Warmest regards!
Yours，
Peter
阅读七选五
第
分
部
二
主题语境：人与自我 文体：说明文 主题：作家对词典的使用
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(原稿). __1__ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. __2__ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
__3__ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2，672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163，000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. __4__ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.“To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work，” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”. __5__ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
A．I don't often use this dictionary.
B．It takes no account of the context.
C．But I still don't want to replace them.
D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E．Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G．Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者作为作家使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。
1．F
解析：上文“If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally pre－sented manuscript (原稿)．(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的。)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合语境。故选F。
2．B
解析：上文“I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker.”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器；下文提到了作者更喜欢精装书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能有缺点，所以B选项“It takes no account of the context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了作者不相信电脑拼写检查器的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B。
F
B
3．E
解析：下文提到了词典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，词典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了词典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E。
4．A
解析：下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了词典的使用情况，A选项“I don't often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本词典。)”是对词典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A。
E
A
5．D
解析：上文提到了编写词典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.”提到浏览词典也是一种乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.(但是阅读词典是一件愉悦的事。)”是作者对词典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，构成转折关系。故选D。
D
行文逻辑
本文的主要行文逻辑是讲述作家对词典的使用。挖空处前后思路清晰，逻辑鲜明，有同义替换(空1)，逻辑关系[因果关系(空2)、递进关系(空3)、转折关系(空4，空5)]。
Ⅰ.词汇积累
1．submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript 提交一份完美的、专业呈现的手稿(一词多义)
2．take the trouble to do sth.费神做某事；不辞辛劳地做某事(经典短语)
3．old fashioned 守旧的，老派的，过时的(合成词，类似的还有kind hearted 心地善良的，absent minded 心不在焉的，bad tempered 坏脾气的)
4．prefer a hard cover 更喜欢精装书(熟词生义)
5．leaf through迅速翻阅；翻看(熟词生义)
6．plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases
再加上复合词和习语(一词多义)
7．cast your eye over 把目光投向(一词多义)
8．a rewarding experience一次有意义的体验(rewarding还可用meaningful/worthwhile/valuable/fulfilling等代替)
Ⅱ.句子解读
1．Of course, these days ①there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, ②but I'm old fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages ③I can leaf through with my fingers.
[分析]①there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses为第一个并列分句，为there be句型；
②but连接并列句，其后为第二个并列分句，该句中enough后为动词不定式短语作结果状语；
③I can leaf through with my fingers为省略了that或者which的定语从句。
[译文]当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装书和能用手指翻阅的书页。
结果状语
定语
2．①It should give you a precise definition of each word, ②thus differentiating it from other words ③whose meanings are similar, but not identical.
[分析]①give sb. sth.为give后接双宾语；
②thus后为现在分词短语作结果状语；
③whose meanings are similar, but not identical为whose引导的定语从句。
[译文]它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。
结果状语
定语
3．In addition，①I have an old two volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, ②picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence.
[分析]①此处是个简单句，句子为主谓宾结构；
②picked up a few years ago 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的an old two volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary。
[译文]另外，我还有一套两卷的《牛津简明词典》的旧版，几年前在书店打折时买的，只花了99便士。
后置定语
4．However，①if I need to check the origin of a word ②or to look up examples of its usage, ③there's nothing better.
[分析]①此处if引导条件状语从句；
②or在此表示选择关系。连接to check the origin of a word和to look up examples of its usage；
③此处为there be句型，句中nothing better为“否定词＋比较级”，该用法表示最高级含义。
[译文]然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。
条件状语
选择
假定你是Jeff，你的中国好友李华告知他在使用英英词典学习英语。请写一封回信，谈一谈自己的看法，内容包括：
1．英英词典的好处；
2．如何使用英英词典学习英语。
注意：词数80左右。
Dear Li Hua，
Delighted to hear from you about your interest in using an English English dictionary to enhance your English learning journey, I'm writing to share some opinions.
By consulting definitions in English, you're immersing yourself in the language, which helps deepen your comprehension of words and expressions. Besides, an English English dictionary exposes you to a wider range of words. As to how to make the most of it, choose a passage or article and use the dictionary to look up unfamiliar words.Pay attention to the example sentences provided，which offer invaluable insights into how the word is used in real life situations.
Keep up the good work, and I'm sure you'll see remarkable improvement soon!
Yours,
Jeff
Dear Li Hua，
Delighted to hear from you about your interest in using an English English dictionary to enhance your English learning journey, I'm writing to share some opinions.
By consulting definitions in English, you're immersing yourself in the language, which helps deepen your comprehension of words and expressions. Besides, an English English dictionary exposes you to a wider range of words. As to how to make the most of it, choose a passage or article and use the dictionary to look up unfamiliar words.Pay attention to the example sentences provided，which offer invaluable insights into how the word is used in real life situations.
Keep up the good work, and I'm sure you'll see remarkable improvement soon!
Yours,
Jeff
