选择性必修第一册 UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF,ACHIEVEMENT
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
academic；analyze；commit；extract；gradually；mourn
Madam Curie
Being an extraordinary and gentle woman genius，Madam Curie managed to discover two kinds of radioactive elements，which were vital and crucial to physics.Distinct from other girls，she had a strong passion for science and 1.committed her whole life to scientific research.In 1891，she was admitted into the university, where she achieved great 2.academic performances and as a consequence，she became the first woman professor．Under unbearable circumstances，
she and her husband spared no effort to 3.analyze and evaluate pitchblende(沥青铀矿) with the objective of 4.extracting radioactive substances and studying their properties．Using flow charts and summing up what they had studied，the couple 5.gradually drew a conclusion that Po and Ra did exist.In 1934，Madam Curie passed away and the whole world 6.mourned the great loss of a remarkable scientist.
提示：加底纹词汇为本单元复现词汇
1 commit vt.承诺；保证；花(钱或时间) vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)(→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①With the objective of being admitted to her dream academy，she is committed to working (work) hard every day.
[能力提升]——微写作
②我强烈建议你每天花一个小时读英语，这能逐渐提高你的英语口语。
I strongly suggest you commit an hour a day to reading English，which can gradually improve your oral English.(建议信)
③艾米丽承诺学习弹钢琴，每天练习一个小时。
Emily committed herself to learning/learn how to play the piano, practicing every day for an hour.
(1)commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.)
承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
commit sth.to (doing) sth.
将(时间或金钱)花在(做)某事上
(2)be committed to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事
(3)make a commitment 作出承诺
[语料积累] (2024·全国甲卷)Finally, the rise of new energy vehicles reflects China's commitment to sustainable development and reducing carbon emissions.(发言稿)
新能源汽车的兴起体现了中国对可持续发展和降低碳排放的承诺。
2 acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢(→acknowledgement n．承认；感谢；收件复函)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Tom acknowledged being defeated/having been defeated (defeat) in the English speech competition, which made us quite depressed.
②(2023·全国甲卷)Confucius is acknowledged to be (be) one of the greatest ancient educators in China，who greatly influenced China throughout the history.
[能力提升]——微写作
③大家普遍认为这部电影不仅具有指导意义，而且充满激情。
It is universally/widely acknowledged that the film is not only instructive but also full of passion.(事物介绍)
acknowledge sb./sth.as/to be…
承认某人/某物是……acknowledge doing/having done sth.
承认做了某事
acknowledge that… 承认……
It is universally/widely acknowledged that…
……是大家公认的。
[语料积累] I acknowledge my English teacher，without whom I couldn't have made such great progress in English.(感谢信)
我感谢我的英语老师，没有他我不可能在英语方面取得如此巨大的进步。
3 insist vt.& vi.坚持；坚决要求
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Jack insisted that he had completed (complete) his homework before going out to play.
②She insisted on persuading me until I promised to give up this thought.
[能力提升]——微写作
③教练坚持要求每个球员每天至少练习一个小时，即使没有即将到来的比赛。
The coach insists that every player should practice for at least an hour every day, even when there is no upcoming match.(动作描写)
(1)insist on (doing) sth. 坚决要求/执意继续(做)某事
(2)insist作“坚决要求”讲时，后接宾语从句，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，形式为“should＋动词原形”，should可省略；作“坚持认为”讲时，从句用陈述语气，谓语动词根据需要选择相应的时态。
[语料积累] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Since I was touched by his generosity, I insisted that I at least buy him lunch as my appreciation.(情景描写)
由于被他慷慨的行为所感动，我坚持至少请他吃午饭以示感谢。
4 conclusion n．结论；推论(→conclude v．断定；推断出；结束，终止)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The famous novelist concluded his speech with a famous saying “Where there is a will，there is a way.”
②(2024·北京卷)In conclusion (conclude), China's 75 years of progress have been remarkable．
[能力提升]——一句多译
③我从我自己的经历中得出结论：用自己的双手劳动很重要。
→I concluded from my own experiences that it is important to work with our own hands.(conclude)
→I came to/reached/arrived at/drew a conclusion from my own experiences that it is important to work with our own hands.(conclusion)(主旨升华)
(1)in conclusion 最后；总之
come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion
得出结论
(2)conclude…with sth./by doing sth. 以……结束某事物或事件
to conclude 总之
conclude from… 从……中得出结论
[语料积累] After a long day of hiking, we concluded our trip by taking a group photo at the top of the mountain.(动作描写)
经过一整天的徒步旅行后，我们通过在山顶拍一张集体照结束了旅程。
5 circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Even under/in the circumstances，he still spared no effort to improve himself.
[能力提升]——微写作
②我感到非常尴尬，承诺自己在任何情况下都不要再犯这样的错误。
Feeling deeply embarrassed, I promised myself that under/in no circumstances would I allow such an error to happen again.(心理描写)
③情况允许的话，我会立即采取行动实现梦想。
If circumstances permit/allow，I will take immediate action to achieve my dream.
under/in no circumstances
无论如何都不，决不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装)
under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此
if circumstances permit/allow 如果情况允许的话
[语料积累] Given the unusual circumstance of heavy rain, the school decided to postpone the outdoor event until the weather improved.(通知)
鉴于下大雨的特殊情况，学校决定将户外活动推迟到天气好转后再进行。
6 consequence n．结果，后果(→consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的→consequently adv.因此)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①He finally obtained his doctorate in Social Psychology as/in a consequence of genius as well as the novel theory he has put forward.
[能力提升]——一句多译
②我祖父在医院接受治疗，因此我得照顾他。
→My grandfather was under treatment in hospital，and as a consequence/in consequence，I have to take care of him.
→My grandfather was under treatment in hospital，and consequently，I have to take care of him.
as a consequence＝in consequence＝consequently＝as a result 因此
as/in a consequence of＝as a result of
因为……；由于……；作为……的结果
take the consequences 承担后果
[语料积累] I was too careless while handling the details, and as a result, the entire plan fell apart.So I had to take the consequences．
我在处理细节时太粗心，结果整个计划都被搞砸了。所以我必须承担后果。
7 take up a position担任；任职
[基础检测]——用take的相关短语填空
①Last weekend, my brother decided to take apart our old computer to see how it worked.He carefully took down the monitor.As he explained each part to me, I tried my best to take in the information.After a while, I took over and helped him put everything back together.
[能力提升]——微写作
②随着季节的变化，五颜六色的花朵盛开，公园呈现出新的面貌。
As the seasons changed, the park took on a new look with colorful flowers blooming.(环境描写)
③她迫不及待地脱下泥泞的鞋子，放松疲惫的双脚，享受凉爽的微风。
She couldn't wait to take off her muddy shoes and relax her tired feet, enjoying the cool breeze.(动作描写)
take up 拿起；占用，占据；开始从事；接受；继续
take apart 拆开
take down 放下；记下；拆除
take in 欺骗；吸收；理解
take off (飞机)起飞；(事业)腾飞；脱下
take on 呈现；雇用；承担
take over 接管；接替
[语料积累] (2023·全国乙卷)I asked my parents to allow me to take up a piano lesson.In the beginning, it was quite difficult to read the notes.However, it did not discourage me.(投稿)
我请求父母允许我参加钢琴课。一开始，阅读音符相当困难。然而，这并没有让我气馁。
8 句型公式：upon/on doing意为“一……就……”
(教材原句)Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine…”
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我……”
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①On his arrival (arrive) at the new school, he felt nervous but was quickly welcomed by his classmates who showed him around.(心理、动作描写)
[能力提升]——一句多译
②我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来，我就松了一口气。
→As soon as my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin，I sighed in relief.(as soon as)
→The instant/moment/minute my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin，I sighed in relief.(名词短语构成的连词)
→Immediately/Instantly/Directly my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin，I sighed in relief.(副词作连词)
(1)“upon/on＋doing/n.”构成介词短语，用作时间状语，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生，依据语境可译作“当……时；一……就……，在……的时候”。
(2)其他表示“一……就……”的连词/句式有：
①as soon as＋句子
②由名词短语构成的连词：the instant/moment/minute＋句子
③由副词作连词：instantly/immediately/directly＋句子
[语料积累] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Upon/On hearing the shot of the race，everyone just rushed forward；only a small thin body was staggering behind.(动作描写)
一听到比赛的枪声，大家都向前冲去，只有一个瘦小的身体摇摇晃晃地跟在后面。
9 句型公式：状语从句的省略
(教材原句)While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
在此工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热爱，他继续学习，于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①When completed (complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.
②Success in business is simply a matter of knowing when to take (take) a chance.
[能力提升]——句型转换
③When I was waving goodbye to them on the platform，I felt happy for them and wished them a safe journey.
→When waving goodbye to them on the platform，I felt happy for them and wished them a safe journey.(用“连词＋分词”式的省略结构改写)
While working there相当于While he was working there。when, while, unless, as if等引导状语从句时，若从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词可以省略，构成“连词＋v. ing/v. ed/adj./n.…”式的省略结构。
[语料积累] While working，I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.(活动介绍)
劳动时，我意识到烈日下在地里干活是多么辛苦。
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．Many residents were forced to flee from their homes due to the wildfire.
2．He has always had a passion for cooking, experimenting with new recipes and flavors.
3．To sum up, teamwork, clear communication, and dedication are key factors.
4．The company was founded in 2010, with the objective of providing better services to the markets in Africa.
1．to sum up 总结；概括
2．be crucial to/for 对……是至关重要的
3．flee from 从……逃出来
4．have a passion for 酷爱，喜爱
5．with the objective of 带/怀着……目的
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——名词后缀 sion/ ssion
名词后缀 sion/ ssion表示性质或行为等。例如本单元中的单词：conclusion(n. 结论；推论)是由动词conclude (总结)去掉de＋后缀 sion转化而来。名词后缀 sion/ ssion的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．The division of the class into small groups allowed students to work more effectively on the project.n. 分割
2．The expansion of the shopping mall included new stores, a food court, and a movie theater. n. 扩张
3．The extension of the subway line will make it easier for people to travel to the city center. n. 延伸
4．Admission to the museum is free on weekends, allowing more people to enjoy the exhibits. n. 入场费；门票费
5．The submission deadline for the essay competition is next Friday, so make sure to finish on time. n. 提交
板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．acknowledge
A.v.承认 B．v.告知收到 C．v.公开感谢
(1)I acknowledge my mother，who always supports me whatever happens.C
(2)He acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong.A
(3)All applications will be acknowledged by emails.B
2．flow
A.n.流动量 B．n.流畅 C．n.供应 D．vi.液体流动 E．vi.大量人或物流动 F．vi.(头发、衣服)松松垂下，飘拂
(1)There is no denying that the government encourages the flow of goods and services to remote areas.C
(2)Large numbers of villagers continue to flow into big cities to search for jobs.E
(3)(2021·北京卷)We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers.A
(4)Too many examples can interrupt the smooth flow of the text.B
(5)(2021·天津3月卷)Seconds later，our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.F
(6)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.D
3．take up
A.学着做，开始做 B．占据(时间、空间) C．拿起 D．继续(中断的话)
(1)Sometimes, the smallest things take up the most room in your heart.B
(2)When did you take up Japanese as a second foreign language？A
(3)Harry took up the tale at the point where John had left off.D
(4)I took up the telephone receiver only to dial a wrong number.C
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.n. 流畅，连贯
[点拨]flow (熟义) n．流；流动；供应 vi.流；流动。此处用作名词，意为“流畅，连贯”。
2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand.n. 通风气流
[点拨]draft (熟义) n. 草案；草稿；草图 vt. 起草；草拟。此处用作名词，意为“通风气流”。
3．(2021·北京卷)Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena.adj. 新颖的，与众不同的
[点拨]novel (熟义) n．(长篇)小说。此处用作形容词，意为“新颖的，与众不同的”。
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配/单元语法(非限制性定语从句)
1．She has been committed to volunteering (volunteer) at the local animal shelter every weekend, believing that her efforts make a positive difference.
2．She acknowledged copying/having copied (copy) her friend's homework but explained that she did it because she had been sick and couldn't finish her work on time.
3．Despite the cold weather, he insists on jogging (jog) every morning at 6 am, believing that this routine helps him stay healthy.
4．In conclusion, teamwork is essential in any successful project.
5．She neglected her studies, and as a consequence, she failed several of her exams.
6．He decided to take up photography as a new hobby, spending weekends exploring the city to capture unique and interesting scenes.
7．The publication of Great Expectations, which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist (novel)．
8．They planned to keep the budget low by living on boiled (boil) noodles.
9．As the small boat moved gently (gentle) along the river, he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
10．He stressed the self cultivation, respect for elders, and the pursuit of knowledge，which serves as a guiding light in our fast paced and interconnected world.
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．对学生来说，按时完成所有作业是一项具有挑战性的任务。(it作形式主语)
It is a challenging task for students to finish all their assignments on time．
2．一收到奖学金，他立刻打电话给父母分享这个好消息。
Upon/On receiving the scholarship, he immediately called his parents to share the good news．(动作描写)
3．洗碗时，我不小心打碎了一个盘子。
While washing the dishes, I accidentally broke a plate．(情景描写)
4．她走进房间，就好像她是主人一样。(as though)
She walked into the room as though she were the owner．
5．她的父母坚持让她在争吵后向她的朋友道歉。
Her parents insisted that she (should) apologize to her friend after their argument．(情景描写)
6．If circumstances allow, we plan to have a picnic this weekend.(活动介绍)
→Circumstances allowing, we plan to have a picnic this weekend．(改为独立主格结构)
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
假定你是李华，你校英文报正在组织以“我眼中的英雄”为题的作文比赛。请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1．人物简介； 2．她或他令你感动的地方。
The Hero in My Eyes
My mother is the hero in my eyes. She 1.takes up a position as (任职) a cashier at a supermarket.
I used to think her job easy, but I gradually realise my mother 2.deserves respect for doing a remarkable job all these years with great passion(这些年来怀着极大的热情，做着一份出色的工作，值得尊敬)．Moreover, my mother takes pride in her work.She faces customers with a gentle smile and 3.insists on working hard(坚持努力工作；insist on) even when tired.Though she works long hours daily, she finds time to do housework and spends time with me.
Inspired by her, I have learnt 4.not to acknowledge defeat easily when I encounter difficulties(遇到困难时不轻易认输；when引导时间状语从句)．
维度二 读后续写微技能17——动作细节描写：动“手”
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
1．give sb. a nudge 轻推某人一下 2．cover one's head with one's hands 某人抱着头 3．reach down 伸手取续表 4．stick/slide one's hand into 把手伸进 5．tear open 撕开 6．spread one's hands 摊开双手 7．hold out one's hand 伸出手 8．take one's hand 牵某人的手 9．grasp/hold one's hand 抓住某人的手 10．pat/tap sb. on the shoulder/head 拍拍某人的肩膀/头 11．wave goodbye to sb. 向某人挥手告别 12．put up/raise one's hand 举手 13．shake hands with 与……握手 14．cup...in one's hands 将……捧在手心 15．open one's hands 张开双手 16．hand in hand手拉手
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．他撕开了随信寄来的淡黄色信封。
He tore open the creamy envelop that had been enclosed in the letter．
2．我正忙着在脑海中组织语言，坐在我旁边的女孩轻轻推了我一下。
I was organising my words in my head when the girl next to me gave me a nudge. (外研版必修一U1)
3．鲍勃疑惑地展开纸条。他看完纸条时，双手颤抖。
Doubtfully, Bob unfolded the note. His hands were shaking by the time he had finished reading． (外研版必修一U4)
4．她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。
She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. (译林版必修三U2)
5．我伸手去取，以为会碰到米饭和蔬菜，结果手却伸进了一碗温热的浓汤里。
I reached down, expecting rice and vegetables, but instead stuck my hand into a bowl of warm, thick soup．
任务2 语段表达
Anna saw her little brother crying on the playground. She walked over and 1.spread her hands in concern (担心地摊开双手), wondering what had happened. Gently, 2.she patted him on the shoulder (她拍了拍他的肩膀) and held out her hand, offering comfort. Her brother hesitated, then slowly 3.took her hand (牵住了她的手), his tears still rolling down his cheeks. With a soft smile, Anna led him to a bench, where they 4.sat hand in hand (手拉手坐下). After a few moments, she cupped his face in her hands and whispered kind words, helping him calm down. As the bell rang, they stood up, and Anna 5.waved goodbye to her brother (向她弟弟挥手告别), promising to see him after school.
————基础默测—————
默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．device n. 方法；技巧；装置；仪器
2．formula n. 公式；方程式；配方
3．extract n. 提取物；摘录 vt. 提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出
4．wormwood n. 蒿；洋艾
5．moustache (especially US mustache) n. 上唇的胡子；髭
6．substance n. 物质；物品；事实根据
7．peculiarity n. 个性；特点；怪异的性质
8．mourn vt. & vi. 哀悼；忧伤
9．property n. 性质；特征；财产
10．patent n. 专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj. 有专利的；受专利保护的
11．doctorate n. 博士学位
12．extraordinary adj. 不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
二、核心单词写得准
1．infer vt. 推断；推定
2．numerous adj. 众多的；许多的
3．defeat n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜
4．apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然
5．insist vi. & vt. 坚持；坚决要求
6．mostly adv. 主要地；一般地
7．flee vi. & vt. (fled，fled) 迅速离开；逃跑
8．circumstance n. [usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
9．flow n. 流；流动；流畅；供应 vi. 流；流动
10．passion n. 酷爱；激情
11．found vt. 创建；建立；把……建立在
12．gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地
13．genius n. (pl. geniuses) 天才；天资；天赋
14．obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行
15．theory n. 理论；学说
16．encounter vt. 偶然碰到；遇到 n. 邂逅；遭遇
17．sum vi. 总结；概括 n. 金额；款项；总数；总和
18．draft n. 草稿；草案 vt. 起草；草拟
三、拓展单词通变化
1．remark n. 言论， 谈论 v. 评论， 谈论→remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的→remarkably adv. 非凡地；显著地
2．vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的→vitally adv. 极其；绝对
3．commit vt. 承诺；保证 vi. 忠于；全心全意投入 (工作、活动等)→committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n. 承诺；保证；投入；奉献
4．academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj. 学业的；学术的
5．object n. 目标；物体；宾语 vt. 提出……作为反对的理由 vi. 反对；不同意→objective n. 目标；目的 adj. 客观的
6．botany n. 植物学→botanical adj. 植物学的
7．evaluate vt. 评价；评估→evaluation n. 评估；评价
8．distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinction n. 区别；差别；特性→distinctive adj. 独特的，特别的
9．boil vt. & vi. (使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n. 沸腾；沸点→boiling adj. 炽热的→boiled adj. 煮沸的
10．acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢→acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢
11．analyse vt. 分析→analysis n. 分析；分析结果
12．science n. 科学→scientific adj. 科学(上)的；关于科学的→scientist n. 科学家
13．conclude v. 推断；结束，终止→conclusion n. 结论；推论
14．politics n. 政治→politician n. 从政者；政治家；政客→political adj. 政治的
15．novel n. (长篇)小说→novelist n. 小说家
16．relative adj. 相对的 n. 亲属→ relativity n. 相对论；相对性→relatively adv. 相对地
17．consequent adj. 随之发生的→consequently adv. 因此，所以→consequence n. 结果；后果
18．institute n. (教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑→institution n. 社会公共机构；制度；习俗
四、重点词块明搭配
1．lead to 导致
2．insist on 坚决要求
3．commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.)承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
4．come to power (开始)掌权；上台
5．take up a position 担任；任职
6．sum up 总结；概括
7．with the objective of 目的是
8．get stuck 进入僵局；遇到困难
9．wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗
10．be mistaken for 被误认为
五、教材佳句会运用
1．当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。在我身后是一个团队以及全国人民……” (on/upon＋名词/动名词)
Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country…”
2．中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。(it作形式主语)
It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
3．在此工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热爱，他继续学习，于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。(状语从句的省略)
While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
4．他留着浓密的小胡子和白色的长发，有时头发都竖起来，好像他刚刚挨了电击一样。(as though)
He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances (物质) from some sludge (污泥).
2．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)A computer system will analyse (分析) the video to determine whether a cow is sick.
3．There's a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent (显而易见的) in those that gave the most.
4．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Evaluate (评价，评估) your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
5．In Dallas, one dollar invested in arts could harvest an extraordinary (意想不到的) return of nearly $300.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It's that kind of courage and determination that makes him such a remarkable (remark) character.
2．(2023·全国乙卷)From the English side, we have scientific (science) reports and the captain's record of that terrible day.
3．(2023·全国乙卷)Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive (distinct) character in the hills or lakes.
4．With electric cars becoming popular, we believe that the level of air pollution will be reduced gradually (gradual)．
5．The novelist (novel) was about to leave when he noticed leaves moving gently (gentle) in the breeze.
Ⅲ.选词填空
come to power；make contributions to；due to；sum up；insist on
1．In the long term medical practice, the first people summed up a lot of valuable experience.
2．It is our duty to make contributions to our motherland.
3．Since they insist on going, we'll simply push the boat with the current and let them go with us.
4．(2023·全国乙卷)I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
5．It has been two years since this party came to power. Many people wonder whether it will stay on.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．(2021·浙江6月卷)一靠近房屋，我就注意到我的爸爸和妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁，一脸悲伤。(upon doing)
Upon approaching the house, I noticed my dad and mum standing beside the old truck, looking sad.
2．在欧洲旅行时，他发现了许多有趣的事情，体验了不同的文化风俗。(状语从句的省略)
While travelling in Europe, he found many interesting things and experienced different cultures.
3．我真诚地希望你梦想成真。当那一天到来时，带你参观北京是我的荣幸。(it作形式主语)
I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it's my honour to show you around Beijing when that day comes.
4．(2022·浙江1月卷)我走到我的新队友面前，自我介绍。他看着我，好像我不存在似的。(as though)
I went up to my new teammate and introduced myself. He looked at me as though I weren't there．
课时作业17
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2024·东北三省联考)
German physicist Albert Einstein is one of the most famous scientists of all time, the personification of a genius and the subject of a whole industry of scholarship. In The Einsteinian Revolution, two experts on Einstein's life and his theory of relativity—Israeli physicist Hanoch Gutfreund and German historian of science Jürgen Renn—offer an original and penetrating(精辟的) analysis of Einstein's revolutionary contributions to physics and our view of the physical world.
For the first time ever, by setting Einstein's work in the long course of the evolution of scientific knowledge, Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular misconception about Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius who created modern physics single handedly and by pure thought alone.
As a large part of the book explains, Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution, not through revolutionary breaks with the past. He saw his theory of relativity not as something from scratch, but a natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as well as nineteenth century physicists.
The authors highlight how classical physics cannot be separated cleanly from modern Einsteinian physics. The book also includes substantial sections on Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo whose methods inspired Einstein. When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders, he meant that, without their contributions, he would not have formulated(认真阐述) the theory of relativity.
The Einsteinian Revolution is an important and thought provoking contribution to the scholarly literature on Einstein and his surprising scientific creativity between 1905 and 1925.Gutfreund and Renn might not have given the final answer as to why Einstein, of all people, revolutionized physics in the way that he did. But they argue in fascinating detail that, to understand his genius, one must take into account not just the earlier history of physics but also the history of knowledge more broadly. Although not always an easy read, the book will interest physicists and historians alike.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章旨在介绍和评价一本关于爱因斯坦及其相对论的书——《爱因斯坦革命》。
1．What's the attitude of Gutfreund and Renn to the popular viewpoint on Einstein？( A )
A．Opposing. B．Favorable.
C．Ambiguous. D．Indifferent.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“For the first time ever…and by pure thought alone.”可知，Gutfreund和Renn对流行的关于爱因斯坦的观点持反对的态度，故选A项。
2．What does the underlined phrase “from scratch” probably mean？( A )
A．From nothing.
B．Up to a certain standard.
C．By learning from others.
D．With previous knowledge.
解析：词句猜测题。画线短语上文“Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution, not through revolutionary breaks with the past” 提到爱因斯坦通常认为科学的进步是通过稳定的发展，而不是对过去革命性的突破；画线短语下文“but a natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as well as nineteenth century physicists”提到他的理论是由意大利天文学家Galileo Galilei、英国物理学家Isaac Newton等先驱以及19世纪物理学家发展起来的经典物理学的自然延伸。由此可推出画线短语的含义为“从零开始”，故选A项。
3．What does the author mean to say by mentioning the famous physicists？( C )
A．Their ideas were rejected by Einstein.
B．Their devotion to physics impressed Einstein.
C．Their research contributed to Einstein's success.
D.Their hard work deserved the worldwide respect.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“but a natural extension…as well as nineteenth century physicists”可推知，作者提到这些著名物理学家是为了说明他们的研究为爱因斯坦的成功做出了贡献，故选C项。
4．Where is the text most probably taken from？( B )
A．A guidebook to a course.
B．An introduction to a book.
C．An essay on Albert Einstein.
D．A review of physics development.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“In The Einsteinian Revolution…and our view of the physical world.”、第三段“As a large part of the book…with the past.”以及最后一段“Although not always…and historians alike.”可推出，本文最可能取自一本书的序言，故选B项。
(2024·河南郑州高三质量检测)
You hate me. You don't even know me and you hate me. Before we've even spoken, you hate me. At least that's how it feels on my end of the call as a female Collections Officer at a call center.
I dread the moment when I have to log on to our phone system first thing in the morning because I never know who is going to be on the other end of that call.
Sometimes it's an easy task. The caller is pleasant and has accepted personal responsibility for their debts, and we get through the phone call with ease. Then there are the ones who call in looking for a fight, or looking for someone to blame. Through the luck of the phone system, that person is me.
I've had people who shout at me, call me horrible names, accuse me personally of taking their money and threaten me. Why I think it's because I am invisible. I think I would not be treated with the same level of disrespect if we were face to face. Fortunately for me, I have had years of experience in customer service, so I'm fairly rich in not letting the negative encounters bother me.
The biggest and most effective skill when it comes to the job is empathy (同感). I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I've been there. That's why I'm good at my job—I understand what you're going through, and I'm here to help.
Some days though, no matter how much I try to leave the stress behind when I hang up the phone, it stays with me. I may do some deep breathing, go for a quick walk or simply stick my head outside for a burst of fresh air. I do this so I don't carry that negativity on to my next call. That next call may be a person having the worst day of their life, but I don't want to ever be the one who makes it worse. We are all humans just trying to get by in life, which makes you and me equal. So please, the next time we talk, remember that.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者作为呼叫中心收款员的工作不被人尊重，常受人憎恶。尽管作者也能换位思考，理解客户，但还是希望得到平等的对待和尊重。
5．What does the underlined word “dread” in paragraph 2 probably mean？( B )
A．Enjoy. B．Fear.
C．Expect. D．Avoid.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“You hate me.You don't even know me and you hate me. Before we've even spoken, you hate me.”可知，作者作为呼叫中心的收款员，在和客户的交往中，总是受到厌恶甚至憎恨，所以每天当作者必须登录电话系统时，她应是感到害怕，故B项与画线词的意思最为接近。故选B。
6．Why does the author think some callers treat her badly？( C )
A．They get angry too easily.
B．They blame her for their debts.
C．They do not see her as a real person.
D．They accuse her of taking their money.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I think it's because I am invisible.”可知，作者认为自己没有得到尊重是因为她在电话的另一端，仿佛是一个看不见的、不真实的人。故选C。
7．Why does the author think she is good at her job？( C )
A．She can offer callers best advice.
B．She is always respected by callers.
C．She can put herself in others' shoes.
D．She isn't easily influenced by negativity.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The biggest and most effective skill when it comes to the job is empathy(同感). I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I've been there.”可知，作者认为自己能够做好这份工作的原因是她有同理心，能够理解打电话的人所处的境地，也就是说，作者能够换位思考。故选C。
8．What is the author's main purpose in writing this text？( A )
A．To call for understanding of her job.
B．To explain why she is good at her job.
C．To introduce what she is responsible for.
D．To complain about her being treated badly.
解析：推理判断题。本文第一、二段讲到了作者工作中遇到的不受尊重的场景；第三段讲述作者在工作中遇到的形形色色的人；第四、五段作者分析了原因并讲述了自己能够应付这些情况的关键技能；再结合最后一段中的“We are all humans just trying to get by in life, which makes you and me equal. So please, the next time we talk, remember that.”可推理出，作者写这篇文章是为了呼吁人们尊重和理解她的工作。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2025·江西师大附中高三开学摸底)
My work in cancer research was generating a lot of waste every day. As our research turned to full capacity, our waste production __1__.
I went to my adviser and suggested the idea of __2__ 3D printed lab tools out of some of our waste. She __3__ me and then I secured funding to purchase recycling equipment. But after months of __4__， the project didn't go as I had imagined and progressed slowly. So it was a welcome __5__ when my co workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental __6__.
We created a group to push for greener ways to __7__. We began meeting monthly to come up with solutions. Over the following months, we __8__ new recycling bins to each lab so that our plastic waste could be sorted __9__.We created rules for each device to be energy efficient. I'm still disappointed that I couldn't fully realize my 3D printing __10__.I am stubborn enough to keep trying. But I've also learned that if one approach isn't working, sometimes it's best to __11__ and look for other solutions. I'm thankful that with the help of the __12__ community around me, we are able to do that.
I encourage scientists everywhere to think about ways to reduce the __13__ impact of their own research. The work we do is important. But we should also do our part to be as sustainable as we can. After all, what __14__ does our science have if, ultimately, there remains no __15__ planet we can call our home
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在癌症研究工作中意识到每日产生大量废物的问题，并试图通过3D打印实验室工具来回收利用部分废物。尽管初期项目进展不顺利，但团队成员共同努力，采取了诸如增加分类回收箱、制定节能规则等措施来减少环境足迹。作者还鼓励科学家们要保护好地球，不要因为科学研究而对地球造成伤害。
1．( D )A.returned B．declined
C．stabilized D．rocketed
解析：句意：随着研究全面展开，我们的废弃物产量大幅增加。根据上文“As our research turned to full capacity”和下文“I went to my adviser and suggested the idea of __2__ 3D printed lab tools out of some of our waste.”可知，作者的研究工作会产生废弃物，随着他们研究工作的全面展开，产生的废弃物也会大幅增加。故选D。return返回；decline下降；stabilize稳定(由stable派生而来)；rocket猛增(熟词生义)。
2．( A )A.creating B．buying
C．borrowing D．renting
解析：句意：我去找导师并提出了用我们的一些废弃物创造3D打印的实验室工具的想法。根据空后“3D printed lab tools out of some of our waste”以及“I secured funding to purchase recycling equipment”可知，作者觉得研究中产生的废弃物太多，所以他找导师建议用这些废弃物来创造3D打印的实验室工具。故选A。create创造；buy购买；borrow借用；rent出租。
3．( C )A.suspected B．criticized
C．encouraged D．comforted
解析：句意：她鼓励了我，然后我成功获得了购买回收设备的资金。根据句中“I secured funding to purchase recycling equipment”可知，作者的导师同意了他的建议，并鼓励了他，让他成功获得了购买回收设备的资金。故选C。suspect怀疑；criticize批评；encourage(由courage派生而来)鼓励；comfort安慰(多义词)。
4．( A )A.struggle B．discussion
C．training D．confusion
解析：句意：但是经过几个月的努力，该项目并没有按照我想象的方式进行，进展缓慢。根据句中“the project didn't go as I had imagined and progressed slowly”可知，虽然作者努力了几个月，但是这个项目并没有像他想象的那样进展顺利。故选A。struggle努力；discussion(由discuss派生而来)讨论；training训练；confusion(由confuse派生而来)困惑。
5．( B )A.source B．relief
C．target D．success
解析：句意：所以当同事们集思广益提出其他减少我们环境足迹的方法时，这无疑是一个让人松一口气的事。根据下文“when my co workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental __6__”可知，作者的方法并没有起作用，所以当同事们提出其他的方法时，作者感到松了一口气。relief表示“在困境中得到帮助或找到新方法的轻松感”。故选B。source来源；relief (焦虑、痛苦等的)减轻；target目标；success成功。
6．( D )A.distribution B．option
C．phase D．footprint
解析：句意同上。根据上文“I went to my adviser and suggested the idea of __2__ 3D printed lab tools out of some of our waste.”可知，同事们也提出了一些减少环境足迹的方法。 footprint在此指的是研究活动对环境造成的影响。故选D。distribution(由distribute派生而来)分布；option选项；phase阶段；footprint(由名词foot＋名词print合成而来)脚印；足迹。
7．( C )A.cure B．defend
C．operate D．negotiate
解析：句意：我们成立了一个小组，力推更加绿色的方式来运作实验室。根据下文“We began meeting monthly to come up with solutions.”可知，作者的团队成立了一个小组，来改进实验室的操作方式，以减少对环境的影响。故选C。cure治愈；defend保卫；operate操作，运转；negotiate谈判。
8．( B )A.commented B．introduced
C．moved D．knocked
解析：句意：接下来几个月，我们在每个实验室都引入了新的回收箱，以便我们的塑料废弃物能够被正确地分类。根据空后“new recycling bins to each lab”可知，作者的团队以更加绿色的方式来改进实验室的操作，所以他们应是引入了新的回收箱。故选B。comment评论；introduce引入；move移动；knock敲。
9．( A )A.properly B．typically
C．naturally D．annually
解析：句意同上。根据上文“we __8__ new recycling bins to each lab”可知，作者的实验室引入了新的回收箱，以便能够正确地将塑料废弃物进行分类。故选A。properly正确地；typically典型地；naturally自然地；annually每年地。
10．( C )A.recipe B．prevention
C．vision D．association
解析：句意：至今仍令我感到失望的是，我未能完全实现我的3D打印设想。根据上文“But after months of __4__， the project didn't go as I had imagined and progressed slowly.”可知，作者以前提出的3D打印的设想并没有实现，所以他感到非常失望。故选C。recipe配方；prevention(由prevent派生而来)预防；vision构想；association(由associate派生而来)协会。
11．( D )A.set off B．speak out
C．hold on D．step back
解析：句意：但我也认识到，如果一种方法行不通，有时候最好后退一步，寻找其他解决方案。根据下文“and look for other solutions”可知，作者的方法在努力之后依然行不通，所以他觉得有时候需要后退一步，寻找新的方法。故选D。set off出发；speak out说出；hold on继续；step back后退一步。
12．( B )A.local B．academic
C．final D．new
解析：句意：我很感激，在周围学术社区的帮助下，我们能够做到这一点。根据上文“I'm thankful”可知，作者能够做到这些是因为其他学术社区帮助了他。“academic community” 指的是科研领域内的同行和团队。故选B。local本地的(多义词)；academic学术的；final最终的；new新的。
13．( C )A.fundamental B．historical
C．environmental D．financial
解析：句意：我鼓励各地的科学家们都去思考如何减少自己研究的环境影响。根据上文的“when my co workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental __6__”可知，作者鼓励科学家们要思考如何减少自己的研究对环境的影响。故选C。fundamental基础的；historical历史的；environmental环境的；financial财政的。
14．( A )A.significance B．possibility
C．fortune D．depth
解析：句意：毕竟，如果我们最终没有一个可以称为家园的可持续发展的星球，那么我们的科学又有什么意义呢？根据下文“if, ultimately, there remains no __15__ planet we can call our home”可知，作者觉得如果地球遭到了破坏，那么科学研究就没有意义了。故选A。significance(由significant派生而来)意义；possibility可能性(由possible派生而来)；fortune财富；depth(由deep派生而来)深度。
15．( B )A.broad B．supportive
C．different D．particular
解析：句意同上。根据语境可知，此处表示如果地球遭到了破坏，不再是一个能支持生命存在、适合人类居住的可持续发展的星球，那么科学研究也就没有了意义。故选B。broad宽的；supportive(由support派生而来)支持的；different不同的；particular特指的。(共96张PPT)
简洁
实用
高效
UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
RJ英语
选择性必修第一册
内容索引
词汇复现 语境串记
高效课堂 考点突破
多维演练 素养提升
第一部分
第二部分
第三部分
重难考点
拾遗考点
A
B
课时作业17
第五部分
基础默测
第四部分
默写达标
基础检测
A
B
词汇复现 语境串记
第
分
部
一
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
Madam Curie
Being an extraordinary and gentle woman genius，Madam Curie managed to discover two kinds of radioactive elements，which were vital and crucial to physics.Distinct from other girls，she had a strong passion for science and 1.committed her whole life to scientific research.In 1891，she was admitted into the university, where she achieved great 2.academic performances and as a consequence，she became the first woman professor．Under unbearable circumstances，she and her husband spared no effort to 3.analyze and evaluate pitchblende(沥青铀矿) with the objective of 4.extracting radioactive substances and studying their properties．Using flow charts and summing up what they had studied，the couple 5.gradually drew a conclusion that Po and Ra did exist.In 1934，Madam Curie passed away and the whole world 6.mourned the great loss of a remarkable scientist.
academic；analyze；commit；extract；gradually；mourn
committed
academic
analyze
extracting
gradually
mourned
高效课堂 考点突破
第
分
部
二
1 commit vt.承诺；保证；花(钱或时间) vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动
等)(→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n．投入；
奉献；承诺)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①With the objective of being admitted to her dream academy，she is committed to working (work) hard every day.
重难考点
working
[能力提升]——微写作
②我强烈建议你每天花一个小时读英语，这能逐渐提高你的英语口语。
I strongly suggest you commit an hour a day to reading English，which can gradually improve your oral English.(建议信)
③艾米丽承诺学习弹钢琴，每天练习一个小时。
Emily committed herself to learning/learn how to play the piano, practicing every day for an hour.
commit an hour a day to reading
committed herself to learning/learn
(1)commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.)
承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
commit sth.to (doing) sth.
将(时间或金钱)花在(做)某事上
(2)be committed to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事
(3)make a commitment 作出承诺
[语料积累] (2024·全国甲卷)Finally, the rise of new energy vehicles reflects China's commitment to sustainable development and reducing carbon emissions.(发言稿)
新能源汽车的兴起体现了中国对可持续发展和降低碳排放的承诺。
2 acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢(→acknowledgement n．承
认；感谢；收件复函)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Tom acknowledged being defeated/having been defeated (defeat) in the English speech competition, which made us quite depressed.
②(2023·全国甲卷)Confucius is acknowledged to be (be) one of the greatest ancient educators in China，who greatly influenced China throughout the history.
[能力提升]——微写作
③大家普遍认为这部电影不仅具有指导意义，而且充满激情。
It is universally/widely acknowledged that the film is not only instructive but also full of passion.(事物介绍)
being defeated/having been defeated
to be
It is universally/widely acknowledged that
acknowledge sb./sth.as/to be…
承认某人/某物是……acknowledge doing/having done sth.
承认做了某事
acknowledge that… 承认……
It is universally/widely acknowledged that…
……是大家公认的。
[语料积累] I acknowledge my English teacher，without whom I couldn't have made such great progress in English.(感谢信)
我感谢我的英语老师，没有他我不可能在英语方面取得如此巨大的进步。
3 insist vt.& vi.坚持；坚决要求
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Jack insisted that he had completed (complete) his homework before going out to play.
②She insisted on persuading me until I promised to give up this thought.
[能力提升]——微写作
③教练坚持要求每个球员每天至少练习一个小时，即使没有即将到来的比赛。
The coach insists that every player should practice for at least an hour every day, even when there is no upcoming match.(动作描写)
had completed
on
The coach insists that every player should practice
(1)insist on (doing) sth. 坚决要求/执意继续(做)某事
(2)insist作“坚决要求”讲时，后接宾语从句，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，形式为“should＋动词原形”，should可省略；作“坚持认为”讲时，从句用陈述语气，谓语动词根据需要选择相应的时态。
[语料积累] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Since I was touched by his generosity, I insisted that I at least buy him lunch as my appreciation.(情景描写)
由于被他慷慨的行为所感动，我坚持至少请他吃午饭以示感谢。
4 conclusion n．结论；推论(→conclude v．断定；推断出；结束，终止)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The famous novelist concluded his speech with a famous saying “Where there is a will，there is a way.”
②(2024·北京卷)In conclusion (conclude), China's 75 years of progress have been remarkable．
[能力提升]——一句多译
③我从我自己的经历中得出结论：用自己的双手劳动很重要。
→I concluded from my own experiences that it is important to work with our own hands.(conclude)
→I came to/reached/arrived at/drew a conclusion from my own experiences that it is important to work with our own hands.(conclusion)(主旨升华)
with
conclusion
concluded from my own experiences that
came to/reached/arrived at/drew a conclusion from my own experiences that
(1)in conclusion 最后；总之
come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion
得出结论
(2)conclude…with sth./by doing sth. 以……结束某事物或事件
to conclude 总之
conclude from… 从……中得出结论
[语料积累] After a long day of hiking, we concluded our trip by taking a group photo at the top of the mountain.(动作描写)
经过一整天的徒步旅行后，我们通过在山顶拍一张集体照结束了旅程。
5 circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Even under/in the circumstances，he still spared no effort to improve himself.
[能力提升]——微写作
②我感到非常尴尬，承诺自己在任何情况下都不要再犯这样的错误。
Feeling deeply embarrassed, I promised myself that under/in no circumstances would I allow such an error to happen again.(心理描写)
③情况允许的话，我会立即采取行动实现梦想。
If circumstances permit/allow，I will take immediate action to achieve my dream.
under/in
under/in no circumstances would I
If circumstances permit/allow
under/in no circumstances
无论如何都不，决不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装)
under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此
if circumstances permit/allow 如果情况允许的话
[语料积累] Given the unusual circumstance of heavy rain, the school decided to postpone the outdoor event until the weather improved.(通知)
鉴于下大雨的特殊情况，学校决定将户外活动推迟到天气好转后再进行。
6 consequence n．结果，后果(→consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的
→consequently adv.因此)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①He finally obtained his doctorate in Social Psychology as/in a consequence of genius as well as the novel theory he has put forward.
[能力提升]——一句多译
②我祖父在医院接受治疗，因此我得照顾他。
→My grandfather was under treatment in hospital，and as a consequence/in consequence，I have to take care of him.
→My grandfather was under treatment in hospital，and consequently，I have to take care of him.
as/in
consequently
as a consequence/in
consequence
as a consequence＝in consequence＝consequently＝as a result 因此
as/in a consequence of＝as a result of
因为……；由于……；作为……的结果
take the consequences 承担后果
[语料积累] I was too careless while handling the details, and as a result, the entire plan fell apart.So I had to take the consequences．
我在处理细节时太粗心，结果整个计划都被搞砸了。所以我必须承担后果。
7 take up a position担任；任职
[基础检测]——用take的相关短语填空
①Last weekend, my brother decided to take apart our old computer to see how it worked.He carefully took down the monitor.As he explained each part to me, I tried my best to take in the information.After a while, I took over and helped him put everything back together.
[能力提升]——微写作
②随着季节的变化，五颜六色的花朵盛开，公园呈现出新的面貌。
As the seasons changed, the park took on a new look with colorful flowers blooming.(环境描写)
③她迫不及待地脱下泥泞的鞋子，放松疲惫的双脚，享受凉爽的微风。
She couldn't wait to take off her muddy shoes and relax her tired feet, enjoying the cool breeze.(动作描写)
take apart
took down
take in
took over
took on a new look
take off her muddy shoes
take up 拿起；占用，占据；开始从事；接受；继续
take apart 拆开
take down 放下；记下；拆除
take in 欺骗；吸收；理解
take off (飞机)起飞；(事业)腾飞；脱下
take on 呈现；雇用；承担
take over 接管；接替
[语料积累] (2023·全国乙卷)I asked my parents to allow me to take up a piano lesson.In the beginning, it was quite difficult to read the notes.However, it did not discourage me.(投稿)
我请求父母允许我参加钢琴课。一开始，阅读音符相当困难。然而，这并没有让我气馁。
8 句型公式：upon/on doing意为“一……就……”
(教材原句)Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine…”
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我……”
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①On his arrival (arrive) at the new school, he felt nervous but was quickly welcomed by his classmates who showed him around.(心理、动作描写)
arrival
[能力提升]——一句多译
②我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来，我就松了一口气。
→As soon as my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin，I sighed in relief.(as soon as)
→The instant/moment/minute my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin，I sighed in relief.(名词短语构成的连词)
→Immediately/Instantly/Directly my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin，I sighed in relief.(副词作连词)
As soon as my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin
The instant/moment/minute my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin
Immediately/Instantly/Directly my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin
(1)“upon/on＋doing/n.”构成介词短语，用作时间状语，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生，依据语境可译作“当……时；一……就……，在……的时候”。
(2)其他表示“一……就……”的连词/句式有：
①as soon as＋句子
②由名词短语构成的连词：the instant/moment/minute＋句子
③由副词作连词：instantly/immediately/directly＋句子
[语料积累] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Upon/On hearing the shot of the race，everyone just rushed forward；only a small thin body was staggering behind.(动作描写)
一听到比赛的枪声，大家都向前冲去，只有一个瘦小的身体摇摇晃晃地跟在后面。
9 句型公式：状语从句的省略
(教材原句)While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
在此工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热爱，他继续学习，于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①When completed (complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.
②Success in business is simply a matter of knowing when to take (take) a chance.
[能力提升]——句型转换
③When I was waving goodbye to them on the platform，I felt happy for them and wished them a safe journey.
→When waving goodbye to them on the platform，I felt happy for them and wished them a safe journey.(用“连词＋分词”式的省略结构改写)
completed
to take
When waving goodbye to them on the platform
While working there相当于While he was working there。when, while, unless, as if等引导状语从句时，若从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词可以省略，构成“连词＋v. ing/v. ed/adj./n.…”式的省略结构。
[语料积累] While working，I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.(活动介绍)
劳动时，我意识到烈日下在地里干活是多么辛苦。
拾遗考点
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．Many residents were forced to flee from their homes due to the wildfire.
2．He has always had a passion for cooking, experimenting with new recipes and flavors.
3．To sum up, teamwork, clear communication, and dedication are key factors.
4．The company was founded in 2010, with the objective of providing better services to the markets in Africa.
flee from
had a passion for
To sum up,
with the objective of
1．to sum up 总结；概括
2．be crucial to/for 对……是至关重要的
3．flee from 从……逃出来
4．have a passion for 酷爱，喜爱
5．with the objective of 带/怀着……目的
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——名词后缀 sion/ ssion
名词后缀 sion/ ssion表示性质或行为等。例如本单元中的单词：conclusion(n. 结论；推论)是由动词conclude (总结)去掉de＋后缀 sion转化而来。名词后缀 sion/ ssion的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．The division of the class into small groups allowed students to work more effectively on the project.n. 分割
2．The expansion of the shopping mall included new stores, a food court, and a movie theater. n. 扩张
3．The extension of the subway line will make it easier for people to travel to the city center. n. 延伸
4．Admission to the museum is free on weekends, allowing more people to enjoy the exhibits. n. 入场费；门票费
5．The submission deadline for the essay competition is next Friday, so make sure to finish on time. n. 提交
n. 分割
n. 扩张
n. 延伸
n. 入场费；门票费
n. 提交
多维演练 素养提升
第
分
部
三
板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．acknowledge
(1)I acknowledge my mother，who always supports me whatever happens.C
(2)He acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong.A
(3)All applications will be acknowledged by emails.B
A.v.承认 B．v.告知收到 C．v.公开感谢
C
A
B
2．flow
(1)There is no denying that the government encourages the flow of goods and services to remote areas.C
(2)Large numbers of villagers continue to flow into big cities to search for jobs.E
(3)(2021·北京卷)We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers.A
(4)Too many examples can interrupt the smooth flow of the text.B
(5)(2021·天津3月卷)Seconds later，our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.F
(6)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.D
A.n.流动量 B．n.流畅 C．n.供应 D．vi.液体流动 E．vi.大量人或物流动 F．vi.(头发、衣服)松松垂下，飘拂
C
E
A
B
F
D
3．take up
(1)Sometimes, the smallest things take up the most room in your heart.B
(2)When did you take up Japanese as a second foreign language？A
(3)Harry took up the tale at the point where John had left off.D
(4)I took up the telephone receiver only to dial a wrong number.C
A.学着做，开始做 B．占据(时间、空间) C．拿起 D．继续(中断的话)
B
A
D
C
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.
n. 流畅，连贯
[点拨]flow (熟义) n．流；流动；供应 vi.流；流动。此处用作名词，意为“流畅，连贯”。
2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand.
n. 通风气流
[点拨]draft (熟义) n. 草案；草稿；草图 vt. 起草；草拟。此处用作名词，意为“通风气流”。
n. 流畅，连贯
n. 通风气流
3．(2021·北京卷)Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena.
adj. 新颖的，与众不同的
[点拨]novel (熟义) n．(长篇)小说。此处用作形容词，意为“新颖的，与众不同的”。
adj. 新颖的，与众不同的
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配/单元语法(非限制性定语从句)
1．She has been committed to volunteering (volunteer) at the local animal shelter every weekend, believing that her efforts make a positive difference.
2．She acknowledged copying/having copied (copy) her friend's homework but explained that she did it because she had been sick and couldn't finish her work on time.
3．Despite the cold weather, he insists on jogging (jog) every morning at 6 am, believing that this routine helps him stay healthy.
4．In conclusion, teamwork is essential in any successful project.
5．She neglected her studies, and as a consequence, she failed several of her exams.
6．He decided to take up photography as a new hobby, spending weekends exploring the city to capture unique and interesting scenes.
volunteering
copying/having copied
jogging
In
as
up
7．The publication of Great Expectations, which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist (novel)．
8．They planned to keep the budget low by living on boiled (boil) noodles.
9．As the small boat moved gently (gentle) along the river, he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
10．He stressed the self cultivation, respect for elders, and the pursuit of knowledge，which serves as a guiding light in our fast paced and interconnected world.
novelist
boiled
gently
which
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．对学生来说，按时完成所有作业是一项具有挑战性的任务。(it作形式主语)
It is a challenging task for students to finish all their assignments on time．
2．一收到奖学金，他立刻打电话给父母分享这个好消息。
Upon/On receiving the scholarship, he immediately called his parents to share the good news．(动作描写)
3．洗碗时，我不小心打碎了一个盘子。
While washing the dishes, I accidentally broke a plate．(情景描写)
4．她走进房间，就好像她是主人一样。(as though)
She walked into the room as though she were the owner．
It is a challenging task for students to finish all their assignments on time
Upon/On receiving the scholarship, he immediately called his parents to share the good news
While washing the dishes, I accidentally broke a plate
She walked into the room as though she were the owner
5．她的父母坚持让她在争吵后向她的朋友道歉。
Her parents insisted that she (should) apologize to her friend after their argument．(情景描写)
6．If circumstances allow, we plan to have a picnic this weekend.(活动介绍)
→Circumstances allowing, we plan to have a picnic this weekend．(改为独立主格结构)
Her parents insisted that she (should) apologize to her friend after their argument
Circumstances allowing, we plan to have a picnic this weekend
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
假定你是李华，你校英文报正在组织以“我眼中的英雄”为题的作文比赛。请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1．人物简介；
2．她或他令你感动的地方。
The Hero in My Eyes
My mother is the hero in my eyes. She 1.takes up a position as (任职) a cashier at a supermarket.
I used to think her job easy, but I gradually realise my mother 2.deserves respect for doing a remarkable job all these years with great passion(这些年来怀着极大的热情，做着一份出色的工作，值得尊敬)．Moreover, my mother takes pride in her work.She faces customers with a gentle smile and 3.insists on working hard(坚持努力工作；insist on) even when tired.Though she works long hours daily, she finds time to do housework and spends time with me.
Inspired by her, I have learnt 4.not to acknowledge defeat easily when I encounter difficulties(遇到困难时不轻易认输；when引导时间状语从句)．
takes up a position as
deserves respect for
doing a remarkable job all these years with great passion
insists on working hard
not to acknowledge defeat easily when I encounter
difficulties
维度二 读后续写微技能17——动作细节描写：动“手”
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
1．give sb. a nudge 轻推某人一下
2．cover one's head with one's hands 某人抱着头
3．reach down 伸手取续表
4．stick/slide one's hand into 把手伸进
5．tear open 撕开
6．spread one's hands 摊开双手
7．hold out one's hand 伸出手
8．take one's hand 牵某人的手
9．grasp/hold one's hand 抓住某人的手
10．pat/tap sb. on the shoulder/head 拍拍某人的肩膀/头
11．wave goodbye to sb. 向某人挥手告别
12．put up/raise one's hand 举手
13．shake hands with 与……握手
14．cup...in one's hands 将……捧在手心
15．open one's hands 张开双手
16．hand in hand手拉手
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．他撕开了随信寄来的淡黄色信封。
He tore open the creamy envelop that had been enclosed in the letter．
2．我正忙着在脑海中组织语言，坐在我旁边的女孩轻轻推了我一下。
I was organising my words in my head when the girl next to me gave me a nudge. (外研版必修一U1)
3．鲍勃疑惑地展开纸条。他看完纸条时，双手颤抖。
Doubtfully, Bob unfolded the note. His hands were shaking by the time he had finished reading． (外研版必修一U4)
tore open
gave me a nudge
His hands were shaking
4．她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。
She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. (译林版必修三U2)
5．我伸手去取，以为会碰到米饭和蔬菜，结果手却伸进了一碗温热的浓汤里。
I reached down, expecting rice and vegetables, but instead stuck my hand into a bowl of warm, thick soup．
reached down,
stuck my hand into
covering their
heads with their hands
任务2 语段表达
Anna saw her little brother crying on the playground. She walked over and 1.spread her hands in concern (担心地摊开双手), wondering what had happened. Gently, 2.she patted him on the shoulder (她拍了拍他的肩膀) and held out her hand, offering comfort. Her brother hesitated, then slowly 3.took her hand (牵住了她的手), his tears still rolling down his cheeks. With a soft smile, Anna led him to a bench, where they 4.sat hand in hand (手拉手坐下). After a few moments, she cupped his face in her hands and whispered kind words, helping him calm down. As the bell rang, they stood up, and Anna 5.waved goodbye to her brother (向她弟弟挥手告别), promising to see him after school.
took her hand
sat hand in hand
spread her
hands in concern
she patted
him on the shoulder
waved goodbye
to her brother
基础默测
第
分
部
四
默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．device n. 方法；技巧；装置；仪器
2．formula n. 公式；方程式；配方
3．extract n. 提取物；摘录 vt. 提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出
4．wormwood n. 蒿；洋艾
5．moustache (especially US mustache) n. 上唇的胡子；髭
6．substance n. 物质；物品；事实根据
7．peculiarity n. 个性；特点；怪异的性质
8．mourn vt. & vi. 哀悼；忧伤
9．property n. 性质；特征；财产
方法；技巧；装置；仪器
公式；方程式；配方
提取物；摘录
提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出
蒿；洋艾
上唇的胡子；髭
物质；物品；事实根据
个性；特点；怪异的性质
哀悼；忧伤
性质；特征；财产
10．patent n. 专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj. 有专利的；受专利保护的
11．doctorate n. 博士学位
12．extraordinary adj. 不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
专利；专利证书；获得专利
有专利的；受专利保护的
博士学位
不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
二、核心单词写得准
1．infer vt. 推断；推定
2．numerous adj. 众多的；许多的
3．defeat n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜
4．apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然
5．insist vi. & vt. 坚持；坚决要求
6．mostly adv. 主要地；一般地
7．flee vi. & vt. (fled，fled) 迅速离开；逃跑
8．circumstance n. [usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
9．flow n. 流；流动；流畅；供应 vi. 流；流动
10．passion n. 酷爱；激情
infer
numerous
defeat
apparently
insist
mostly
flee
fled
fled
circumstance
flow
passion
11．found vt. 创建；建立；把……建立在
12．gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地
13．genius n. (pl. geniuses) 天才；天资；天赋
14．obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行
15．theory n. 理论；学说
16．encounter vt. 偶然碰到；遇到 n. 邂逅；遭遇
17．sum vi. 总结；概括 n. 金额；款项；总数；总和
18．draft n. 草稿；草案 vt. 起草；草拟
found
gradually
genius
geniuses
obtain
theory
encounter
sum
draft
三、拓展单词通变化
1．remark n. 言论， 谈论 v. 评论， 谈论→remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的→remarkably adv. 非凡地；显著地
2．vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的→vitally adv. 极其；绝对
3．commit vt. 承诺；保证 vi. 忠于；全心全意投入 (工作、活动等)→committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n. 承诺；保证；投入；奉献
4．academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj. 学业的；学术的
5．object n. 目标；物体；宾语 vt. 提出……作为反对的理由 vi. 反对；不同意→objective n. 目标；目的 adj. 客观的
6．botany n. 植物学→botanical adj. 植物学的
remark
remarkable
remarkably
vital
vitally
commit
committed
commitment
academy
academic
object
objective
botany
botanical
7．evaluate vt. 评价；评估→evaluation n. 评估；评价
8．distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinction n. 区别；差别；特性→distinctive adj. 独特的，特别的
9．boil vt. & vi. (使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n. 沸腾；沸点→boiling adj. 炽热的→boiled adj. 煮沸的
10．acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢→acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢
11．analyse vt. 分析→analysis n. 分析；分析结果
12．science n. 科学→scientific adj. 科学(上)的；关于科学的→scientist n. 科学家
13．conclude v. 推断；结束，终止→conclusion n. 结论；推论
14．politics n. 政治→politician n. 从政者；政治家；政客→political adj. 政治的
evaluate
evaluation
distinct
distinction
distinctive
boil
boiling
boiled
acknowledge
acknowledgement
analyse
analysis
science
scientific
scientist
conclude
conclusion
politics
politician
political
15．novel n. (长篇)小说→novelist n. 小说家
16．relative adj. 相对的 n. 亲属→ relativity n. 相对论；相对性→relatively adv. 相对地
17．consequent adj. 随之发生的→consequently adv. 因此，所以→consequence n. 结果；后果
18．institute n. (教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑→institution n. 社会公共机构；制度；习俗
novel
novelist
relative
relativity
relatively
consequent
consequently
consequence
institute
institution
四、重点词块明搭配
1．lead to 导致
2．insist on 坚决要求
3．commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.)承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
4．come to power (开始)掌权；上台
5．take up a position 担任；任职
6．sum up 总结；概括
7．with the objective of 目的是
8．get stuck 进入僵局；遇到困难
9．wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗
10．be mistaken for 被误认为
lead to
insist on
commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.)
come to power
take up a position
总结；概括
目的是
进入僵局；遇到困难
(正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗
被误认为
五、教材佳句会运用
1．当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。在我身后是一个团队以及全国人民……” (on/upon＋名词/动名词)
Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country…”
2．中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。(it作形式主语)
It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
Upon hearing that she had been awarded
It is indeed an honour
3．在此工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热爱，他继续学习，于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。(状语从句的省略)
While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
4．他留着浓密的小胡子和白色的长发，有时头发都竖起来，好像他刚刚挨了电击一样。(as though)
He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.
While working there,
as though
he had just received
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances (物质) from some sludge (污泥).
2．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)A computer system will analyse (分析) the video to determine whether a cow is sick.
3．There's a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent (显而易见的) in those that gave the most.
4．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Evaluate (评价，评估) your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
5．In Dallas, one dollar invested in arts could harvest an extraordinary (意想不到的) return of nearly $300.
substances
analyse
apparent
Evaluate
extraordinary
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It's that kind of courage and determination that makes him such a remarkable (remark) character.
2．(2023·全国乙卷)From the English side, we have scientific (science) reports and the captain's record of that terrible day.
3．(2023·全国乙卷)Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive (distinct) character in the hills or lakes.
4．With electric cars becoming popular, we believe that the level of air pollution will be reduced gradually (gradual)．
5．The novelist (novel) was about to leave when he noticed leaves moving gently (gentle) in the breeze.
remarkable
scientific
distinctive
gradually
novelist
gently
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．In the long term medical practice, the first people summed up a lot of valuable experience.
2．It is our duty to make contributions to our motherland.
3．Since they insist on going, we'll simply push the boat with the current and let them go with us.
4．(2023·全国乙卷)I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
5．It has been two years since this party came to power. Many people wonder whether it will stay on.
come to power；make contributions to；due to；sum up；insist on
summed up
make contributions to
insist on
due to
came to power
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．(2021·浙江6月卷)一靠近房屋，我就注意到我的爸爸和妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁，一脸悲伤。(upon doing)
Upon approaching the house, I noticed my dad and mum standing beside the old truck, looking sad.
2．在欧洲旅行时，他发现了许多有趣的事情，体验了不同的文化风俗。(状语从句的省略)
While travelling in Europe, he found many interesting things and experienced different cultures.
Upon approaching the house,
While travelling in Europe,
3．我真诚地希望你梦想成真。当那一天到来时，带你参观北京是我的荣幸。(it作形式主语)
I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it's my honour to show you around Beijing when that day comes.
4．(2022·浙江1月卷)我走到我的新队友面前，自我介绍。他看着我，好像我不存在似的。(as though)
I went up to my new teammate and introduced myself. He looked at me as though I weren't there．
it's my honour to show you around
Beijing
He looked at me as though I
weren't there
课时作业17
第
分
部
五
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2024·东北三省联考)
German physicist Albert Einstein is one of the most famous scientists of all time, the personification of a genius and the subject of a whole industry of scholarship. In The Einsteinian Revolution, two experts on Einstein's life and his theory of relativity—Israeli physicist Hanoch Gutfreund and German historian of science Jürgen Renn—offer an original and penetrating(精辟的) analysis of Einstein's revolutionary contributions to physics and our view of the physical world.
For the first time ever, by setting Einstein's work in the long course of the evolution of scientific knowledge, Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular misconception about Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius who created modern physics single handedly and by pure thought alone.
As a large part of the book explains, Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution, not through revolutionary breaks with the past. He saw his theory of relativity not as something from scratch, but a natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as well as nineteenth century physicists.
The authors highlight how classical physics cannot be separated cleanly from modern Einsteinian physics. The book also includes substantial sections on Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo whose methods inspired Einstein. When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders, he meant that, without their contributions, he would not have formulated(认真阐述) the theory of relativity.
The Einsteinian Revolution is an important and thought provoking contribution to the scholarly literature on Einstein and his surprising scientific creativity between 1905 and 1925.Gutfreund and Renn might not have given the final answer as to why Einstein, of all people, revolutionized physics in the way that he did. But they argue in fascinating detail that, to understand his genius, one must take into account not just the earlier history of physics but also the history of knowledge more broadly. Although not always an easy read, the book will interest physicists and historians alike.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章旨在介绍和评价一本关于爱因斯坦及其相对论的书——《爱因斯坦革命》。
1．What's the attitude of Gutfreund and Renn to the popular viewpoint on Einstein？( )
A．Opposing. B．Favorable.
C．Ambiguous. D．Indifferent.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“For the first time ever…and by pure thought alone.”可知，Gutfreund和Renn对流行的关于爱因斯坦的观点持反对的态度，故选A项。
A
2．What does the underlined phrase “from scratch” probably mean？( )
A．From nothing. B．Up to a certain standard.
C．By learning from others. D．With previous knowledge.
解析：词句猜测题。画线短语上文“Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution, not through revolutionary breaks with the past” 提到爱因斯坦通常认为科学的进步是通过稳定的发展，而不是对过去革命性的突破；画线短语下文“but a natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as well as nineteenth century physicists”提到他的理论是由意大利天文学家Galileo Galilei、英国物理学家Isaac Newton等先驱以及19世纪物理学家发展起来的经典物理学的自然延伸。由此可推出画线短语的含义为“从零开始”，故选A项。
A
3．What does the author mean to say by mentioning the famous physicists？( )
A．Their ideas were rejected by Einstein.
B．Their devotion to physics impressed Einstein.
C．Their research contributed to Einstein's success.
D.Their hard work deserved the worldwide respect.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“but a natural extension…as well as nineteenth century physicists”可推知，作者提到这些著名物理学家是为了说明他们的研究为爱因斯坦的成功做出了贡献，故选C项。
C
4．Where is the text most probably taken from？( )
A．A guidebook to a course.
B．An introduction to a book.
C．An essay on Albert Einstein.
D．A review of physics development.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“In The Einsteinian Revolution…and our view of the physical world.”、第三段“As a large part of the book…with the past.”以及最后一段“Although not always…and historians alike.”可推出，本文最可能取自一本书的序言，故选B项。
B
(2024·河南郑州高三质量检测)
You hate me. You don't even know me and you hate me. Before we've even spoken, you hate me. At least that's how it feels on my end of the call as a female Collections Officer at a call center.
I dread the moment when I have to log on to our phone system first thing in the morning because I never know who is going to be on the other end of that call.
Sometimes it's an easy task. The caller is pleasant and has accepted personal responsibility for their debts, and we get through the phone call with ease. Then there are the ones who call in looking for a fight, or looking for someone to blame. Through the luck of the phone system, that person is me.
I've had people who shout at me, call me horrible names, accuse me personally of taking their money and threaten me. Why I think it's because I am invisible. I think I would not be treated with the same level of disrespect if we were face to face. Fortunately for me, I have had years of experience in customer service, so I'm fairly rich in not letting the negative encounters bother me.
The biggest and most effective skill when it comes to the job is empathy (同感). I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I've been there. That's why I'm good at my job—I understand what you're going through, and I'm here to help.
Some days though, no matter how much I try to leave the stress behind when I hang up the phone, it stays with me. I may do some deep breathing, go for a quick walk or simply stick my head outside for a burst of fresh air. I do this so I don't carry that negativity on to my next call. That next call may be a person having the worst day of their life, but I don't want to ever be the one who makes it worse. We are all humans just trying to get by in life, which makes you and me equal. So please, the next time we talk, remember that.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者作为呼叫中心收款员的工作不被人尊重，常受人憎恶。尽管作者也能换位思考，理解客户，但还是希望得到平等的对待和尊重。
5．What does the underlined word “dread” in paragraph 2 probably mean？( )
A．Enjoy. B．Fear.
C．Expect. D．Avoid.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“You hate me.You don't even know me and you hate me. Before we've even spoken, you hate me.”可知，作者作为呼叫中心的收款员，在和客户的交往中，总是受到厌恶甚至憎恨，所以每天当作者必须登录电话系统时，她应是感到害怕，故B项与画线词的意思最为接近。故选B。
B
6．Why does the author think some callers treat her badly？( )
A．They get angry too easily.
B．They blame her for their debts.
C．They do not see her as a real person.
D．They accuse her of taking their money.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I think it's because I am invisible.”可知，作者认为自己没有得到尊重是因为她在电话的另一端，仿佛是一个看不见的、不真实的人。故选C。
C
7．Why does the author think she is good at her job？( )
A．She can offer callers best advice.
B．She is always respected by callers.
C．She can put herself in others' shoes.
D．She isn't easily influenced by negativity.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The biggest and most effective skill when it comes to the job is empathy(同感). I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I've been there.”可知，作者认为自己能够做好这份工作的原因是她有同理心，能够理解打电话的人所处的境地，也就是说，作者能够换位思考。故选C。
C
8．What is the author's main purpose in writing this text？( )
A．To call for understanding of her job.
B．To explain why she is good at her job.
C．To introduce what she is responsible for.
D．To complain about her being treated badly.
解析：推理判断题。本文第一、二段讲到了作者工作中遇到的不受尊重的场景；第三段讲述作者在工作中遇到的形形色色的人；第四、五段作者分析了原因并讲述了自己能够应付这些情况的关键技能；再结合最后一段中的“We are all humans just trying to get by in life, which makes you and me equal. So please, the next time we talk, remember that.”可推理出，作者写这篇文章是为了呼吁人们尊重和理解她的工作。故选A。
A
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2025·江西师大附中高三开学摸底)
My work in cancer research was generating a lot of waste every day. As our research turned to full capacity, our waste production __1__.
I went to my adviser and suggested the idea of __2__ 3D printed lab tools out of some of our waste. She __3__ me and then I secured funding to purchase recycling equipment. But after months of __4__， the project didn't go as I had imagined and progressed slowly. So it was a welcome __5__ when my co workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental __6__.
文章总览
We created a group to push for greener ways to __7__. We began meeting monthly to come up with solutions. Over the following months, we __8__ new recycling bins to each lab so that our plastic waste could be sorted __9__.We created rules for each device to be energy efficient. I'm still disappointed that I couldn't fully realize my 3D printing __10__.I am stubborn enough to keep trying. But I've also learned that if one approach isn't working, sometimes it's best to __11__ and look for other solutions. I'm thankful that with the help of the __12__ community around me, we are able to do that.
I encourage scientists everywhere to think about ways to reduce the __13__ impact of their own research. The work we do is important. But we should also do our part to be as sustainable as we can. After all, what __14__ does our science have if, ultimately, there remains no __15__ planet we can call our home
文章总览
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在癌症研究工作中意识到每日产生大量废物的问题，并试图通过3D打印实验室工具来回收利用部分废物。尽管初期项目进展不顺利，但团队成员共同努力，采取了诸如增加分类回收箱、制定节能规则等措施来减少环境足迹。作者还鼓励科学家们要保护好地球，不要因为科学研究而对地球造成伤害。
文章总览
My work in cancer research was generating a lot of waste every day. As our research turned to full capacity, our waste production __1__.
1．( )A.returned B．declined
C．stabilized D．rocketed
解析：句意：随着研究全面展开，我们的废弃物产量大幅增加。根据上文“As our research turned to full capacity”和下文“I went to my adviser and suggested the idea of __2__ 3D printed lab tools out of some of our waste.”可知，作者的研究工作会产生废弃物，随着他们研究工作的全面展开，产生的废弃物也会大幅增加。故选D。return返回；decline下降；stabilize稳定(由stable派生而来)；rocket猛增(熟词生义)。
D
答案分析
I went to my adviser and suggested the idea of __2__ 3D printed lab tools out of some of our waste. She __3__ me and then I secured funding to purchase recycling equipment. But after months of __4__， the project didn't go as I had imagined and progressed slowly. So it was a welcome __5__ when my co workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental __6__.
2．( )A.creating B．buying
C．borrowing D．renting
解析：句意：我去找导师并提出了用我们的一些废弃物创造3D打印的实验室工具的想法。根据空后“3D printed lab tools out of some of our waste”以及“I secured funding to purchase recycling equipment”可知，作者觉得研究中产生的废弃物太多，所以他找导师建议用这些废弃物来创造3D打印的实验室工具。故选A。create创造；buy购买；borrow借用；rent出租。
A
答案分析
I went to my adviser and suggested the idea of __2__ 3D printed lab tools out of some of our waste. She __3__ me and then I secured funding to purchase recycling equipment. But after months of __4__， the project didn't go as I had imagined and progressed slowly. So it was a welcome __5__ when my co workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental __6__.
3．( )A.suspected B．criticized
C．encouraged D．comforted
解析：句意：她鼓励了我，然后我成功获得了购买回收设备的资金。根据句中“I secured funding to purchase recycling equipment”可知，作者的导师同意了他的建议，并鼓励了他，让他成功获得了购买回收设备的资金。故选C。suspect怀疑；criticize批评；encourage(由courage派生而来)鼓励；comfort安慰(多义词)。
C
答案分析
I went to my adviser and suggested the idea of __2__ 3D printed lab tools out of some of our waste. She __3__ me and then I secured funding to purchase recycling equipment. But after months of __4__， the project didn't go as I had imagined and progressed slowly. So it was a welcome __5__ when my co workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental __6__.
4．( )A.struggle B．discussion
C．training D．confusion
解析：句意：但是经过几个月的努力，该项目并没有按照我想象的方式进行，进展缓慢。根据句中“the project didn't go as I had imagined and progressed slowly”可知，虽然作者努力了几个月，但是这个项目并没有像他想象的那样进展顺利。故选A。struggle努力；discussion(由discuss派生而来)讨论；training训练；confusion(由confuse派生而来)困惑。
A
答案分析
I went to my adviser and suggested the idea of __2__ 3D printed lab tools out of some of our waste. She __3__ me and then I secured funding to purchase recycling equipment. But after months of __4__， the project didn't go as I had imagined and progressed slowly. So it was a welcome __5__ when my co workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental __6__.
5．( )A.source B．relief
C．target D．success
解析：句意：所以当同事们集思广益提出其他减少我们环境足迹的方法时，这无疑是一个让人松一口气的事。根据下文“when my co workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental __6__”可知，作者的方法并没有起作用，所以当同事们提出其他的方法时，作者感到松了一口气。relief表示“在困境中得到帮助或找到新方法的轻松感”。故选B。source来源；relief (焦虑、痛苦等的)减轻；target目标；success成功。
B
答案分析
I went to my adviser and suggested the idea of __2__ 3D printed lab tools out of some of our waste. She __3__ me and then I secured funding to purchase recycling equipment. But after months of __4__， the project didn't go as I had imagined and progressed slowly. So it was a welcome __5__ when my co workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental __6__.
6．( )A.distribution B．option
C．phase D．footprint
解析：句意同上。根据上文“I went to my adviser and suggested the idea of __2__ 3D printed lab tools out of some of our waste.”可知，同事们也提出了一些减少环境足迹的方法。 footprint在此指的是研究活动对环境造成的影响。故选D。distribution(由distribute派生而来)分布；option选项；phase阶段；footprint(由名词foot＋名词print合成而来)脚印；足迹。
D
答案分析
We created a group to push for greener ways to __7__. We began meeting monthly to come up with solutions. Over the following months, we __8__ new recycling bins to each lab so that our plastic waste could be sorted __9__.We created rules for each device to be energy efficient. I'm still disappointed that I couldn't fully realize my 3D printing __10__.I am stubborn enough to keep trying. But I've also learned that if one approach isn't working, sometimes it's best to __11__ and look for other solutions. I'm thankful that with the help of the __12__ community around me, we are able to do that.
7．( )A.cure B．defend
C．operate D．negotiate
解析：句意：我们成立了一个小组，力推更加绿色的方式来运作实验室。根据下文“We began meeting monthly to come up with solutions.”可知，作者的团队成立了一个小组，来改进实验室的操作方式，以减少对环境的影响。故选C。cure治愈；defend保卫；operate操作，运转；negotiate谈判。
C
答案分析
We created a group to push for greener ways to __7__. We began meeting monthly to come up with solutions. Over the following months, we __8__ new recycling bins to each lab so that our plastic waste could be sorted __9__.We created rules for each device to be energy efficient. I'm still disappointed that I couldn't fully realize my 3D printing __10__.I am stubborn enough to keep trying. But I've also learned that if one approach isn't working, sometimes it's best to __11__ and look for other solutions. I'm thankful that with the help of the __12__ community around me, we are able to do that.
8．( )A.commented B．introduced
C．moved D．knocked
解析：句意：接下来几个月，我们在每个实验室都引入了新的回收箱，以便我们的塑料废弃物能够被正确地分类。根据空后“new recycling bins to each lab”可知，作者的团队以更加绿色的方式来改进实验室的操作，所以他们应是引入了新的回收箱。故选B。comment评论；introduce引入；move移动；knock敲。
B
答案分析
We created a group to push for greener ways to __7__. We began meeting monthly to come up with solutions. Over the following months, we __8__ new recycling bins to each lab so that our plastic waste could be sorted __9__.We created rules for each device to be energy efficient. I'm still disappointed that I couldn't fully realize my 3D printing __10__.I am stubborn enough to keep trying. But I've also learned that if one approach isn't working, sometimes it's best to __11__ and look for other solutions. I'm thankful that with the help of the __12__ community around me, we are able to do that.
9．( )A.properly B．typically
C．naturally D．annually
解析：句意同上。根据上文“we __8__ new recycling bins to each lab”可知，作者的实验室引入了新的回收箱，以便能够正确地将塑料废弃物进行分类。故选A。properly正确地；typically典型地；naturally自然地；annually每年地。
A
答案分析
We created a group to push for greener ways to __7__. We began meeting monthly to come up with solutions. Over the following months, we __8__ new recycling bins to each lab so that our plastic waste could be sorted __9__.We created rules for each device to be energy efficient. I'm still disappointed that I couldn't fully realize my 3D printing __10__.I am stubborn enough to keep trying. But I've also learned that if one approach isn't working, sometimes it's best to __11__ and look for other solutions. I'm thankful that with the help of the __12__ community around me, we are able to do that.
10．( )A.recipe B．prevention
C．vision D．association
解析：句意：至今仍令我感到失望的是，我未能完全实现我的3D打印设想。根据上文“But after months of __4__， the project didn't go as I had imagined and progressed slowly.”可知，作者以前提出的3D打印的设想并没有实现，所以他感到非常失望。故选C。recipe配方；prevention(由prevent派生而来)预防；vision构想；association(由associate派生而来)协会。
C
答案分析
We created a group to push for greener ways to __7__. We began meeting monthly to come up with solutions. Over the following months, we __8__ new recycling bins to each lab so that our plastic waste could be sorted __9__.We created rules for each device to be energy efficient. I'm still disappointed that I couldn't fully realize my 3D printing __10__.I am stubborn enough to keep trying. But I've also learned that if one approach isn't working, sometimes it's best to __11__ and look for other solutions. I'm thankful that with the help of the __12__ community around me, we are able to do that.
11．( )A.set off B．speak out
C．hold on D．step back
解析：句意：但我也认识到，如果一种方法行不通，有时候最好后退一步，寻找其他解决方案。根据下文“and look for other solutions”可知，作者的方法在努力之后依然行不通，所以他觉得有时候需要后退一步，寻找新的方法。故选D。set off出发；speak out说出；hold on继续；step back后退一步。
D
答案分析
We created a group to push for greener ways to __7__. We began meeting monthly to come up with solutions. Over the following months, we __8__ new recycling bins to each lab so that our plastic waste could be sorted __9__.We created rules for each device to be energy efficient. I'm still disappointed that I couldn't fully realize my 3D printing __10__.I am stubborn enough to keep trying. But I've also learned that if one approach isn't working, sometimes it's best to __11__ and look for other solutions. I'm thankful that with the help of the __12__ community around me, we are able to do that.
12．( )A.local B．academic
C．final D．new
解析：句意：我很感激，在周围学术社区的帮助下，我们能够做到这一点。根据上文“I'm thankful”可知，作者能够做到这些是因为其他学术社区帮助了他。“academic community” 指的是科研领域内的同行和团队。故选B。local本地的(多义词)；academic学术的；final最终的；new新的。
B
答案分析
I encourage scientists everywhere to think about ways to reduce the __13__ impact of their own research. The work we do is important. But we should also do our part to be as sustainable as we can. After all, what __14__ does our science have if, ultimately, there remains no __15__ planet we can call our home
13．( )A.fundamental B．historical
C．environmental D．financial
解析：句意：我鼓励各地的科学家们都去思考如何减少自己研究的环境影响。根据上文的“when my co workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental __6__”可知，作者鼓励科学家们要思考如何减少自己的研究对环境的影响。故选C。fundamental基础的；historical历史的；environmental环境的；financial财政的。
C
答案分析
I encourage scientists everywhere to think about ways to reduce the __13__ impact of their own research. The work we do is important. But we should also do our part to be as sustainable as we can. After all, what __14__ does our science have if, ultimately, there remains no __15__ planet we can call our home
14．( )A.significance B．possibility
C．fortune D．depth
解析：句意：毕竟，如果我们最终没有一个可以称为家园的可持续发展的星球，那么我们的科学又有什么意义呢？根据下文“if, ultimately, there remains no __15__ planet we can call our home”可知，作者觉得如果地球遭到了破坏，那么科学研究就没有意义了。故选A。significance(由significant派生而来)意义；possibility可能性(由possible派生而来)；fortune财富；depth(由deep派生而来)深度。
A
答案分析
I encourage scientists everywhere to think about ways to reduce the __13__ impact of their own research. The work we do is important. But we should also do our part to be as sustainable as we can. After all, what __14__ does our science have if, ultimately, there remains no __15__ planet we can call our home
15．( )A.broad B．supportive
C．different D．particular
解析：句意同上。根据语境可知，此处表示如果地球遭到了破坏，不再是一个能支持生命存在、适合人类居住的可持续发展的星球，那么科学研究也就没有了意义。故选B。broad宽的；supportive(由support派生而来)支持的；different不同的；particular特指的。
B
答案分析
