选择性必修第一册 UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
conventional；devote；digest；essential；estimate；nutritious
Our class is comprised of thirty students. Dreams rooted in our hearts, we work hard and 1.devote ourselves to our study all days.We are greatly convinced that only if we spare no effort to work can we broaden our vision．We learn by combining 2.conventional learning methods with modern ones to expand our knowledge so as to output what we have learned in the future.Certainly, it is 3.essential that we shouldn't yield to difficulties.Indeed, too much homework tends to generate much strain and we will be overcome with anxiety when not 4.digesting what we are taught, but we have alternative methods to alleviate our frustration.For instance, we can relax ourselves in leisure time.Besides, keeping a 5.nutritious diet is also essential.On the assumption that we always have such an intense and widespread interest in study, it is 6.estimated that we can put our dreams into reality．
提示：加底纹词汇为本单元复现词汇
1 devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于(常与介词to连用)(→devoted adj.挚爱的；忠诚的→devotion n．奉献；忠诚；挚爱)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Yuan Longping devoted himself (he) to studying hybrid rice and he was respected by people all over the world.
[能力提升]——微写作/句型转换
②(2023·全国甲卷)孙中山一生致力于改善和加强中国，被人们铭记为一位伟大的政治家。
Sun Yat sen devoted all his life to improving and strengthening China.And he is still remembered as a great politician.(人物介绍)
③Devoting himself to studying hybrid rice, Yuan Longping was respected by people all over the world.(用现在分词短语作状语改写①)
④Devoted to studying hybrid rice, Yuan Longping was respected by people all over the world.(用形容词短语作状语改写①)
(1)devote sth. to sth. 把……用于……
devote oneself to (doing) sth.
致力于(做)某事；献身于(做)某事
(2)be devoted to (doing) sth.
专心于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事
[语料积累] ①Their devoted dog follows them everywhere.(人与动物)
忠诚的小狗跟着他们去任何地方。
②Her devotion to helping others was clear.(人物描写)
她乐于助人的精神是显而易见的。
③Jane is a devoted volunteer at the local community center, spending every weekend preparing meals and distributing them to the homeless.(人物描写)
简是当地社区中心的一名忠实志愿者，她每个周末都准备食物并分发给无家可归的人。
2 convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服(→convinced adj.确信的；坚信的→convincing adj.令人信服的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①You need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.
②I am convinced (convince) that you like paper cutting，so I'd like to invite you to visit the exhibition.
③I finally convinced him to take (take) up the challenge and decide to join in the cross country run.
[能力提升]——句型转换
④Convinced that you like paper cutting，I'd like to invite you to visit the exhibition.(用过去分词短语作状语改写②)
(1)convince sb.of sth.
使某人确信某事
convince sb.to do sth.
说服某人做某事
convince sb.that…
使某人相信……
(2)be convinced that/of…
(某人)坚信……
[语料积累] (2024·浙江1月卷)She had doubted herself at the beginning, convincing herself that she would finish last.(心理描写)
她一开始对自己心存怀疑，确信自己会垫底。
3 assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得(→assume v．假定；设想；承担；假装→assuming conj.假如)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Deep down they assumed her to be (be) the best singer of their time.
②We make an assumption (assume) that everyone invited will turn up at the party.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③People generally assume that drinking Chinese tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory.
→It is generally assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh ourselves but also it can strengthen our memory．(it作形式主语；not only…but also…的倒装句)
(1)on the assumption that… 假定……
make an assumption 作出假设
(2)assume sb./sth. (to be)＋adj./n.
假定/认为某人/某事(为)……
It is generally assumed that…
人们普遍认为……
(3)assuming that… 假设……
[语料积累] (2023·新课标I卷)However, on the assumption that/assuming that they are assigned to different groups, their full potential might not be realized.(建议信)
然而，假设他们被分配到不同的小组，他们的全部潜力可能无法实现。
4 alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的(→alternatively adv.可供选择地)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①On the assumption that you are available，I can come to your house，or alternatively (alternative)，we can meet in the town.
[能力提升]——微写作
②错过最后一班公交车后，我们别无选择，只好在雨中步行回家。
After missing the last bus，we had no alternative but to walk home in the rain.(动作描写)
have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事
an alternative to… ……的替代品
[语料积累] (2024·全国甲卷)Firstly, shared bicycles have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility, offering an affordable and green alternative for short trips.(发言稿)
首先，共享单车已成为城市出行的象征，为短途出行提供了一种经济、绿色的选择。
5 in turn转而；相应地；反过来；依次；轮流
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Some student representatives take turns to deliver (deliver) speeches in the meeting.Finally, it is my turn to speak (speak)．
②They cleaned the house by turns—one swept the floors while the other dusted the furniture.
[能力提升]——微写作
③结果发现，那个惊喜派对实际上是为我准备的，尽管我以为是为我朋友准备的。
It turned out that the surprise party was actually for me, even though I thought it was for my friend.(事件描写)
by turns 轮流
take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
It is one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。
It turns/turned out that… 结果是……
[语料积累] (2020·天津7月卷)In the past，it was our parents and teachers that helped us in many aspects and in turn, we should give a helping hand to them from now on.(发言稿)
过去是我们的父母和老师在很多方面帮助了我们，反过来，我们应该从现在开始帮助他们。
6 句型公式：given that引导条件状语从句
(教材原句)Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
[能力提升]——微写作
①鉴于您对端午节感兴趣，我写信向您介绍端午节。
Given that you are keen on the Dragon Boat Festival，I am writing to introduce it to you.(节日介绍)
②考虑到没有人帮他，他立即抓牢自行车，用尽全力把它扔向狼。
Given that there was nobody to help him，he instantly seized the bike tightly and threw it towards the wolf with all his strength.(动作链)
“given that”作连词引导状语从句，意为“假如；考虑到；既然”。
[语料积累] (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Given that we students need more physical exercise, our school organized a cross country running race last Sunday.(活动介绍)
考虑到我们学生需要更多的身体锻炼，我校上周日举行了一次越野赛跑。
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．The book is comprised of ten chapters, each focusing on a different aspect of history.
2．She seemed confident, but deep down, she was very nervous about the competition.
3．She decided to focus on her health by eating nutritious food and exercising regularly.
4．In reality, the project was much more challenging than initially expected.
1．fulfil one's dreams 实现某人的梦想
2．be comprised of 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
3．deep down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上
4．focus on 关注
5．in reality 实际上
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——前缀out
前缀out 表示“向外；超过”。例如本单元中的单词：output(n.产量；输出；输出量vt.输出)是由out (向外)＋put(放)转化而来，表示“向外放东西”。前缀out 的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．Her outstanding performance in the competition earned her first place and a gold medal. adj. 出色的
2．We enjoyed a wonderful outdoor picnic in the park on a sunny afternoon. adj. 户外的
3．The teacher asked the students to write an outline before starting their essays. n. 概要
4．The team worked hard to outdo their competitors and win the championship. v. 胜过
5．The experienced player outclassed his opponents, winning the match easily. v. 远远超过
板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．digest
A.vi.& vt.消化 B．vt.理解；领会 C．n.摘要
(1)I only read this digest of the novel，so I don't know the details.C
(2)I haven't entirely digested what he said just now.B
(3)(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Cattle raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.A
2．overcome
A.v.克服；解决 B．v.打败，战胜 C．v.受到……的极大影响
(1)To everyone's shock，in the final game Sweden easily overcame France.B
(2)His parents were overcome with great sorrow at his grandpa's funeral.C
(3)In addition，their smile to life attitude even in such tough situations also inspired me to overcome any difficulties in life.A
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．The community will get a boost from a new library and recreation center.n. 帮助，激励
[点拨]boost (熟义) vt.使增长；使兴旺。此处用作名词，意为“帮助，激励”。
2．Everyone has his own characteristic value and dignity, which must be taken seriously in teaching activities.adj. 独特的
[点拨]characteristic (熟义) n．特点；特征；品质。此处用作形容词，意为“独特的”。
3．Unfortunately，the town was heavily bombed in the war.vt. 轰炸
[点拨]bomb (熟义) n．炸弹。此处用作动词，意为“轰炸”。
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配/
单元语法(主语从句)
1．The scientist is devoted to researching (research) new methods for renewable energy.
2．I finally convinced my brother to join (join) the school's soccer team after showing him how much fun it could be.
3．They planned the picnic on the assumption (assume) that the weather would be sunny.
4．When the car broke down, we had no alternative but to walk (walk) the rest of the way.
5．Her kindness inspired them, and they, in turn, spread kindness to others.
6．The next step，according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely (entire) on visual clues.
7．I'm afraid we have to put you on a strict diet.From now on, you're going to have to stay away from salty (salt) food.
8．He will try his best to help them by means of his conventional (convention) medical knowledge.
9．If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth (deep) and variety.
10．What is the most impressive is its many multi level waterfalls and colorful lakes.
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．据估计，我们学校有近30%的学生参加课后俱乐部。
It is estimated that nearly 30% of students in our school participate in after school clubs．(现象介绍)
2．他最喜欢学校的是每天都有机会学习新知识。
What he loves most about school is the chance to learn new things every day．(学校生活)
3．鉴于当时下着大雨，我们决定取消野餐，待在室内。
Given that it was raining heavily, we decided to cancel the picnic and stay indoors．(动作描写)
4．人们普遍认为锻炼对身体和心理健康都有好处。
It is generally assumed that exercise is good for both physical and mental health．(建议信)
5．She considered it was a great opportunity to participate in the school play.(心理描写)
→She considered it a great opportunity to participate in the school play．(改为简单句)
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Paul写信告诉你他设计的农用机器人在全国机器人制作比赛中获得了一等奖。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括： 1．表示祝贺； 2．肯定农用机器人的作用。
Dear Paul，
Glad to learn you have won first prize in the National Robot－Making Competition, I can't wait to offer my sincere congratulations to you.
1．So amazing is your robot that it can be of great help to farmers(你的机器人太神奇了，它对农民有很大的帮助；so…that…).2.Assuming your robot is put into use(假设你的机器人投入使用；assuming), farmers will not have to 3.tackle a shortage of workers(解决工人短缺的问题) during the harvest.Better still, it can work under different weather conditions, 4.thus keeping farmers entirely free of tiredness and worries(从而使农民完全摆脱疲劳和担忧).5.I am convinced that it will boost efficiency and yields(我相信它将提高效率和产量；be convinced that)．
You deserve to attain the prize.Hope you'll make greater progress.
Yours，
Li Hua
维度二 读后续写微技能21——动作细节描写：动“手指”
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
1．tickle v. 挠痒痒；胳肢 2．point a finger at 用手指指着 3．tap one's fingers on the blackboard 某人用手指在黑板上敲了敲 4．hold up one's fingers 某人举起手指 5．twist one's finger around one's hair 某人的手指绕着一缕头发转动 续表 6．dip one's fingers into 某人把手指伸进 7．lift/hold a finger to one's lips 伸出一根手指按在某人嘴唇上 8．dip one's finger in sth. 某人把手指浸在……中 9．wave one's finger 挥动某人的手指
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．“别那样！”老师挥动着她的手指喊道。
“None of that！” cried the teacher, waving her finger． (非谓语动词)
2．“是他们干的！”她喊道，用手指指着那些男孩们，指责他们。
“It was them！” she cried, pointing an accusing finger at the boys. (非谓语动词)
3．莉莉举起手指比出和平手势，朋友为她拍了一张照片。
Lily held up her fingers in a peace sign as her friend took a picture of her.
4．她用另外一只手臂搂住我的脖子，她的手指迅速地动着，给我挠痒痒。
She passes her other arm round my neck, and her fingers tickle me as they move across it.(名篇《童年》)
5．就在那个时候，我那位体贴的老师用手指在黑板上敲了敲，然后竖起了一个手指以示警告，示意他们保持安静。
It was at that time that my considerate teacher tapped his fingers on the blackboard and then held a warning finger, signaling them to keep silent．
任务2 语段表达
During art class, Emma sat quietly at her desk, deep in thought. 1.She twisted her finger around her hair (她用手指绕着一缕头发转动着) while trying to think of what to draw. Suddenly, she had an idea. 2.She dipped her finger into the paint (她把手指伸进颜料中), feeling the cool, smooth texture on her skin. Carefully, she began creating soft strokes on the canvas. As she concentrated, a classmate started talking loudly nearby. Emma, not wanting to be disturbed, 3.lifted a finger to her lips (伸出一根手指按在嘴唇上), signaling for silence. The classmate nodded and quieted down, allowing Emma to focus on her work. With a smile, she continued painting, her creativity flowing freely.
————基础默测—————
默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．grain n. 谷物；谷粒；颗粒
2．urban adj. 城市的；都市的；城镇的
3．yield n. 产量；产出 vt. 出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等) vi. 屈服；让步
4．celebrity n. 名望；名誉；名人；名流
5．broom n. 扫把；扫帚；金雀花
6．characteristic n. 特征；特点；品质 adj. 典型的；独特的
7．boost vt. 使增长；使兴旺 n. 增长；提高；激励
8．bomb n. 炸弹 vt. 轰炸；对……投炸弹
9．tunnel n. 地下通道；地道；隧道
10．wheat n. 小麦；小麦籽
11．mineral n. 矿物；矿物质
12．root n. 根；根茎；根部；根源
13．flavour (NAmE vor) n. 味道；特点；特色
14．organic adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的
15．widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
二、核心单词写得准
1．tackle vt. 解决(难题)；应付 (局面)；处理
2．crisis n. (pl.crises) 危机；危急关头
3．attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得；得到
4．intense adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的
5．overcome vt. (overcame, overcome) 克服；解决；战胜
6．output n. 产量；输出；输出量 vt. (output, output) 输出
7．estimate vt. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算
8．domestic adj. 本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的
9．comprise vt. 包括；包含；由……组成
10．instance n. 例子；实例；事例
11．entirely adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地
12．alleviate vt. 减轻；缓解
13．digest vt. & vi. 消化 vt. 领会；领悟 n. 摘要；文摘
14．essential adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的
15．alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的
三、拓展单词通变化
1．devote vt. 把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的→devotion n. 献身；奉献；忠诚
2．short adj. 短的；矮的；不足的；缺乏的→shorten vt. 变短；缩短→shortage n. 不足；缺少；短缺
3．convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj. 令人信服的→convinced adj. 确信的；信服的
4．convention n. 习俗；常规→conventional adj. 传统的；习惯的
5．assume v. 假定；假设；认为→assumption n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得
6．expand vt. & vi. 扩大；增加 vt. 扩展；发展(业务)→expansion n. 扩张；扩展；扩大
7．consume v. 消耗；耗费(燃料、能量、时间等)；消费→consumption n. 消耗；消耗量；消费→consumer n. 消费者
8．generate vt. 产生；引起→generation n. 代；一代人；产生
9．extend vt. 延长；延伸；扩大→extension n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机
10．chemist n. 化学家→chemistry n. 化学→chemical adj. 与化学有关的；化学的 n. 化学制品；化学品
11．nutrition n. 营养；滋养→nutritional adj. 营养(物)的→nutritious adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的
12．deep adj. 深的 adv. 深深地；在深处→depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→deepen vt. 加深
四、重点词块明搭配
1．fulfil one's dreams 实现某人的梦想
2．devote…to 把……用于；献身；致力；专心
3．be comprised of 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
4．deep down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上
5．in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流
6．turn to 转向；求助于
7．focus on 关注
8．for instance 例如；比如
9．work the land 耕耘
10．pursue a career 追求职业
五、教材佳句会运用
1．然而，最让他担心的是，农民常常收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。(what引导主语从句)
However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
2．据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。(it作形式主语)
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.
3．考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。(given that引导条件状语从句)
Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
4．种植不同的作物是因为它们把重要的矿物质带回土壤，使其为下一批作物生长做好准备。(现在分词短语作状语)
Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops．
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The team overcame (克服) many challenges during the competition, and their persistence helped them win first place.
2．They tried to estimate (估计) the number of people attending the concert, but it was difficult because of the large crowd.
3．Domestic (国内) travel has become more popular in recent years, as many people explore their own country before visiting foreign places.
4．During her leisure (空闲) time, she enjoys painting and listening to music, which helps her relax after a busy day.
5．The students took time to digest (领会) the teacher's explanation of the difficult math problem before starting their homework.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Her assumption (assume) that it wouldn't rain turned out to be wrong, and she got wet on her way back home without an umbrella.
2．The consumption (consume) of sugary drinks has been linked to health problems, so she decided to drink more water instead.
3．She dreamed of becoming a famous artist, but the reality (real) of finding a job in the art industry proved to be challenging.
4．She pays close attention to the nutritional (nutrition) value of her meals, making sure they contain enough vitamins and minerals for a balanced diet.
5．He carefully measured the depth (deep) of the swimming pool before diving in, making sure it was safe enough.
Ⅲ.选词填空
for instance；be comprised of；deep down；in turn；turn to
1．Keep up your courage, since life is comprised of joy and sadness.
2．She looks cold hearted but deep down she is a very kind person and always helps those in need.
3．Everyone can make contributions to protecting our natural resources. For instance, we can save lots of gas by riding a bike or walking instead of driving.
4．All in all, I'm in favour of organic farming. I hope more and more farmers will turn to organic farming in the future.
5．For one thing, not only does it help to build up our health, but it also helps us to learn more effectively in turn．
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．给我留下深刻印象的是，每当我遇到困难，我的叔叔都会激励我坚持我的梦想。(what引导主语从句)
What impresses me most is that my uncle will always motivate me to stick to my dream whenever I come across difficulties.
2．考虑到剩下的时间不多了，孩子们做得相当好。(given that作连词)
Given that there was little time left, the children have done quite well.
3．据报道，近日气温将明显下降。(it作形式主语)
It is reported that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days.
课时作业21
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2024·浙江七彩阳光联盟高三联考)
A new study estimates more than 1 billion people worldwide are currently living with obesity. People with obesity are considered medically overweight. The study, published in the medical publication The Lancet, said that one in eight people are obese. Researchers said around 43 percent of adults were overweight in 2022.Obesity among adults has more than doubled since 1990. Among young people aged 5 to 19, the obesity rate increased by four times during the same period.
“A staggering number of people are living with obesity, and severe obesity is strongly linked to a long list of health problems and an early death，” declared the lead writer of the study, Majid Ezzati, a professor at Imperial College London.
The WHO noted that at the World Health Assembly in 2022, member states agreed to an agency plan to fight obesity. So far, 31 governments “are now leading the way” to reduce obesity by carrying out goals of the plan.
These include government measures to enact new rules on “harmful” marketing of unhealthy food and drinks to children. In addition, governments are aiming to improve school and nutrition policies. They are also seeking price reductions for healthy foods to increase public awareness about healthy diets and exercise and to strengthen requirements for physical activity in schools.
Imperial College London's Ezzati said that obesity rates are not rising in many wealthier nations. But they are quickly increasing in other countries. He noted that some countries have many underweight people, meaning the nations are facing what he called a “double burden” of nutrition problems.
Branca is head of nutrition at the WHO. He told reporters, “In the past, we have been thinking of obesity as a problem of the rich, but obesity is a problem of the world. Although new obesity drugs—such as Ozempic and Wegovy—could be helpful tools in reducing obesity, they noted that the cost and availability of the drugs might increase inequality.”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现在全球范围内现有10亿多肥胖人口。本文主要分析了肥胖这一社会性问题及其应对措施，以及应对肥胖时存在的问题等。
1．What does the underlined word “staggering” mean？( C )
A．Satisfying. B．Frightening.
C．Astonishing. D．Puzzling.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“more than 1 billion people worldwide are currently living with obesity”和“one in eight people are obese”以及“around 43 percent of adults were overweight…Obesity among adults has more than doubled…increased by four times during the same period”可知，世界上肥胖人数众多，有八分之一的人口肥胖，且肥胖率倍增。由此可见，肥胖的人数是一个“令人震惊的”数字，故C项与画线词的意思最为接近。
2．What is included in the plan led by 31 governments？( C )
A．Setting laws to ban the sale of unhealthy food.
B．Increasing the cost for people to consume healthy food.
C．Attaching importance to physical activity.
D.Offering lower priced obesity drugs to people.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“to strengthen requirements for physical activity in schools”可知，31个政府领导的计划包括对体育锻炼的重视，故C项正确。文中的“strengthen requirements”与C项中的“Attaching importance”为同义转换。
3．What does Ezzati mean by mentioning the “double burden”？( B )
A．Some countries are suffering both poverty and obesity.
B.Some countries are suffering both poor nutrition and obesity.
C．Obesity is common in both poor and wealthy countries.
D．Obesity is a heavy burden for some countries.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“double burden”前的“He noted that some countries have many underweight people”和后文的“of nutrition problems”可知，一些国家还有很多体重不足的人，这些国家也在面临着营养问题。由此可见，Ezzati提到“double burden”意指一些国家可能同时遭遇营养不良和肥胖问题，故B项正确。
4．What is Branca's attitude to the obesity problem？( A )
A．Negative. B．Indifferent.
C．Ambiguous. D．Optimistic.
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中Branca所说的“obesity is a problem of the world…the cost and availability of the drugs might increase inequality”可知，Branca认为肥胖是一个全球性的问题，而减肥药的成本和可用性可能会增加不公平性。由此可见，Branca对肥胖问题持消极态度，故A项正确。
(2024·河南创新联盟TOP20高三调研)
In 1986, King Charles suggested talking to plants, a thought initially mocked but now supported by evidence that plants can detect, react to, and potentially produce sound.
Since plants have been evolving alongside the insects for hundreds of millions of years, Heidi Appel, a botanist and Reginald Cocroft, an entomologist wondered if plants might be sensitive to the sounds made by insects. The researchers recorded the vibrations(震动) from caterpillars(毛虫) as they chewed on leaves. Then the plants were exposed to the recorded vibrations while no caterpillars were actually present. The results were striking. Leaves that had been exposed had significantly higher levels of defensive chemicals, making them much harder for the caterpillars to eat. The research may have practical consequences, such as using drones armed with speakers to warn crops of pest threats, offering an eco friendly alternative to chemical pesticides.
Further studies by ecologist Monica Gagliano reveal that plants, like pea plants, can “hear” water through sound, with roots responding to water related vibrations even when the water is inaccessible. This finding could have implications for preventing damage to sewer(下水道) systems caused by plant roots. The assumption had been that it was leaks that attracted the roots. The solution, she says, might be to invest in pipes that are silent as water runs through them.
Additionally, the study by the team at Tel Aviv University revealed that plants under stress, due to factors like insufficient water or physical damage, make high frequency sounds, which can be detected even in noisy environments. This opens possibilities for using microphones to monitor plant health in agriculture, potentially aiding farmers in identifying and addressing crop issues.
Despite some questions remaining to be solved, these fascinating discoveries cast new light on plants' ability to perceive and respond to sounds in their environment. Plants live in a world full of sounds due to human civilization, and it is worth investigating this interesting aspect. Perhaps researchers might even seek funding from King Charles.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物不仅可以探测到声音、对声音做出反应，还可能产生声音。植物与声音相互关系的研究也为我们的生活提供了很多的实践价值。
5．What was the original reaction to King Charles's suggestion？( D )
A．Ambiguous. B．Favourable.
C．Indifferent. D．Opposed.
解析：观点态度题。根据第一段的“In 1986…a thought initially mocked”可知，Charles国王的建议最初被人们嘲笑，即被当时的人们反对，故选D项。
6．What practical result may the research by Heidi and Reginald lead to？( C )
A．Introducing drones with speakers to farmers.
B．Applying chemicals to enhance plant growth.
C．Stimulating plants to release anti pest chemicals.
D．Developing new types of protective pesticides.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，Heidi和Reginald想知道植物是否对昆虫发出的声音敏感，研究人员录下了毛虫咀嚼树叶时发出的震动声，然后在没有毛虫的情况下，将植物暴露在录下的震动声中。结果是惊人的，暴露在录音中的叶子明显含有更多的防御性化学物质，这使得毛虫更难吃到它们。这项研究可能会产生实际的结果，比如使用装有扬声器的无人机来警告农作物害虫的威胁，为化学农药提供一种环保的替代品。所以Heidi和Reginald的研究可以得出一种新的保护植物的方法，即通过刺激植物，让植物自身释放抗虫害化学物质。故选C项。
7．Why is employing silent pipes suggested？( B )
A．To reduce noise pollution.
B．To protect sewer systems.
C．To improve water transportation.
D．To attract plant roots to accessible water.
解析：推理判断题。第三段讲Monica的进一步研究表明，像豌豆这样的植物可以通过声音“听到”水，在无法接触水的情况下，它们的根会对与水有关的震动做出反应，由此对下水道系统造成损害。由此可知，使用静音管道是为了保护下水道系统。故选B项。
8．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？( C )
,A ,B ,C ,D
解析：文章结构题。文章第一段总体提出现在有证据表明，植物可以探测声音、对声音做出反应并可能产生声音；第二、三、四段分别介绍三个研究作为证据；最后一段总结说这些发现使人们进一步了解植物感知环境中的声音并对声音做出反应的能力。故选C项。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2024·山西名校高三联考)
Alia found herself disappointed in the drawing studio after missing out on picking her classes due to illness. She had hoped for Biology, but it was __1__ by the time she got to choose. She loved everything about science, from the way it used facts to how it revealed the basic nature of things. But __2__ was so…unscientific.
The first class project was self portraits. Some students were drawing self portraits using __3__. Others were working from photographs. Alia __4__ the incomplete outlines, feeling like a cat in a dog show.
The teacher __5__ her. “Every portrait begins with a circle，” he said. “Then you create a series of lines.” To __6__， he drew a group of small, quick portraits. He began each one with a __7__， some straight lines, and a triangle (三角形) to __8__ where the eyes, nose, and chin (下巴) should go.
__9__， Alia began her own self portrait. She __10__ the basic form of a head, the way she had been shown. From there, she used lines to plot the __11__ of her face. The process took patience and __12__. She had to take note of each detail. One wrong measurement could throw off the whole __13__.
Alia was surprised by the structure and discipline involved in drawing a portrait. Measuring, studying details and __14__ the basic nature of something __15__ her of what she loved about science.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Alia由于生病没能选上喜欢的生物课，最后被迫学了美术。刚开始，她对美术不感兴趣。后来，在老师的指导下，尝试画肖像，在这个过程中，Alia意识到了美术和科学也有共同点。
1．( A )A.full B．changeable
C．busy D．tough
解析：句意：她本来希望选生物课，但等她选择的时候，生物课已经满了。根据“Alia found herself disappointed in the drawing studio after missing out on picking her classes due to illness.”可知，Alia由于生病，错过了选课，生物课被选满了。故选A。full满的；changeable可改变的；busy忙的； tough艰难的。
2．( B )A.biology B．art
C．physics D．medicine
解析：句意：但是艺术是如此……不科学的。根据“The first class project was self portraits.”可知，她最终选的是美术课。故选B。biology生物；art艺术；physics物理； medicine医学。
3．( D )A.artbooks B．glasses
C．brushes D．mirrors
解析：句意：一些学生正在用镜子画自画像。根据“Others were working from photographs.”可知，此处指一些学生画肖像的方式是通过镜子里呈现的样子来画。故选D。artbooks画册，画集；glasses眼镜；brushes刷子； mirrors镜子。
4．( C )A.cared for B．searched for
C．glanced at D．get rid of
解析：句意：Alia瞥了一眼不完整的轮廓，感觉就像一只猫在狗展上。根据“feeling like a cat in a dog show”可知，Alia对美术不感兴趣，因此应是瞥了一眼不完整的轮廓。故选C。care for照顾，关心；search for搜寻；glance at一瞥，扫视； get rid of清理，清除。
5．( B )A.punished B．approached
C．blamed D．requested
解析：句意：老师走到她身边。根据“‘Every portrait begins with a circle，’ he said.‘Then you create a series of lines.’”可知，老师在对她进行指导，因此应是走到她身边。故选B。punish惩罚；approach靠近；blame责备； request要求。
6．( B )A.introduce B．demonstrate
C．complete D．promote
解析：句意：为了说明这一点，他画了一组短小而快速的肖像。根据“he drew a group of small, quick portraits”可知，老师给她展示如何画肖像。故选B。introduce介绍；demonstrate演示，说明；complete完成； promote促进。
7．( C )A.letter B．square
C．circle D．dot
解析：句意：他先画了一个圆圈、几条直线和一个三角形，以确定眼睛、鼻子和下巴的位置。根据上文“Every portrait begins with a circle”可知，此处是信息词circle的原词复现。故选C。letter信，字母；square广场，正方形；circle圆形，圆圈； dot小圆点。
8．( D )A.dominate B．delay
C．dismiss D．determine
解析：句意同上。dominate控制；delay延迟；dismiss开除； determine决定。故选D。
9．( C )A.Surprisingly B．Excitedly
C．Hesitantly D．Disappointedly
解析：句意：Alia犹豫着，开始了自己的自画像。根据上文“Alia __4__ the incomplete outlines, feeling like a cat in a dog show.”可知，Alia本来不喜欢画画，因此此处应是犹豫着进行尝试。故选C。surprisingly令人惊讶地；excitedly兴奋地；hesitantly犹豫地； disappointedly失望地。
10．( A )A.drew B．wrote
C．printed D．typed
解析：句意：她按照别人给她展示的样子，画出了一个头的基本形状。根据“Alia began her own self portrait”可知，此处表示画画。故选A。draw画画；write写；print打印； type打字。
11．( A )A.features B．sizes
C．colors D．lengths
解析：句意：从那里开始，她用线条画出她的面部特征。根据“of her face”可知，此处指画出面部特征。故选A。feature特征，特点；size尺寸；color颜色； length长度。
12．( A )A.accuracy B．love
C．courage D．humor
解析：句意：这个过程需要耐心和准确性。根据“One wrong measurement could throw off the whole __13__.”可知，这个过程需要准确性。故选A。accuracy准确度；love爱；courage勇气； humor幽默。
13．( C )A.design B．paper
C．portrait D．book
解析：句意：一个错误的测量可能会毁掉整个肖像。根据上文“Alia began her own self portrait”可知，此处是信息词portrait的原词复现。故选C。design设计；paper纸；portrait肖像； book书。
14．( B )A.changing B．revealing
C．distinguishing D．understanding
解析：句意：测量、研究细节和揭示事物的基本性质让她想起了她对科学的热爱。根据第一段中“from the way it used facts to how it revealed the basic nature of things”可知，此处表示揭示事物的基本性质。故选B。change改变；reveal揭示；distinguish区分，辨别； understand理解。
15．( D )A.warned B．informed
C．suspect D．reminded
解析：句意同上。根据“Measuring, studying details and __14__ the basic nature of something”可知，画画过程中涉及的一些东西让她想起了科学。故选D。warn警告；inform通知；suspect怀疑； remind使想起。(共82张PPT)
简洁
实用
高效
UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND
RJ英语
选择性必修第一册
内容索引
词汇复现 语境串记
高效课堂 考点突破
多维演练 素养提升
第一部分
第二部分
第三部分
重难考点
拾遗考点
A
B
课时作业21
第五部分
基础默测
第四部分
默写达标
基础检测
A
B
词汇复现 语境串记
第
分
部
一
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
Our class is comprised of thirty students. Dreams rooted in our hearts, we work hard and 1.devote ourselves to our study all days.We are greatly convinced that only if we spare no effort to work can we broaden our vision．We learn by combining 2.conventional learning methods with modern ones to expand our knowledge so as to output what we have learned in the future.Certainly, it is 3.essential that we shouldn't yield to difficulties.Indeed, too much homework tends to generate much strain and we will be overcome with anxiety when not 4.digesting what we are taught, but we have alternative methods to alleviate our frustration.For instance, we can relax ourselves in leisure time.Besides, keeping a 5.nutritious diet is also essential.On the assumption that we always have such an intense and widespread interest in study, it is 6.estimated that we can put our dreams into reality．
conventional；devote；digest；essential；estimate；nutritious
devote
conventional
essential
digesting
nutritious
estimated
高效课堂 考点突破
第
分
部
二
1 devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于(常与介词to连用)(→devoted
adj.挚爱的；忠诚的→devotion n．奉献；忠诚；挚爱)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Yuan Longping devoted himself (he) to studying hybrid rice and he was respected by people all over the world.
[能力提升]——微写作/句型转换
②(2023·全国甲卷)孙中山一生致力于改善和加强中国，被人们铭记为一位伟大的政治家。
Sun Yat sen devoted all his life to improving and strengthening China.And he is still remembered as a great politician.(人物介绍)
重难考点
himself
devoted all his life to
③Devoting himself to studying hybrid rice, Yuan Longping was respected by people all over the world.(用现在分词短语作状语改写①)
④Devoted to studying hybrid rice, Yuan Longping was respected by people all over the world.(用形容词短语作状语改写①)
Devoting himself to studying hybrid rice,
Devoted to studying hybrid rice,
(1)devote sth. to sth. 把……用于……
devote oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事；献身于(做)某事
(2)be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事
[语料积累] ①Their devoted dog follows them everywhere.(人与动物)
忠诚的小狗跟着他们去任何地方。
②Her devotion to helping others was clear.(人物描写)
她乐于助人的精神是显而易见的。
③Jane is a devoted volunteer at the local community center, spending every weekend preparing meals and distributing them to the homeless.(人物描写)
简是当地社区中心的一名忠实志愿者，她每个周末都准备食物并分发给无家可归的人。
2 convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服(→convinced adj.确信的；坚信的
→convincing adj.令人信服的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①You need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.
②I am convinced (convince) that you like paper cutting，so I'd like to invite you to visit the exhibition.
③I finally convinced him to take (take) up the challenge and decide to join in the cross country run.
[能力提升]——句型转换
④Convinced that you like paper cutting，I'd like to invite you to visit the exhibition.(用过去分词短语作状语改写②)
of
am convinced
to take
Convinced that you like paper cutting
(1)convince sb.of sth. 使某人确信某事
convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb.that… 使某人相信……
(2)be convinced that/of… (某人)坚信……
[语料积累] (2024·浙江1月卷)She had doubted herself at the beginning, convincing herself that she would finish last.(心理描写)
她一开始对自己心存怀疑，确信自己会垫底。
3 assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得(→assume v．假
定；设想；承担；假装→assuming conj.假如)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Deep down they assumed her to be (be) the best singer of their time.
②We make an assumption (assume) that everyone invited will turn up at the party.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③People generally assume that drinking Chinese tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory.
→It is generally assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh ourselves but also it can strengthen our memory．(it作形式主语；not only…but also…的倒装句)
to be
assumption
It is generally assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh ourselves but
also it can strengthen our memory
(1)on the assumption that… 假定……
make an assumption 作出假设
(2)assume sb./sth. (to be)＋adj./n.
假定/认为某人/某事(为)……
It is generally assumed that…
人们普遍认为……
(3)assuming that… 假设……
[语料积累] (2023·新课标I卷)However, on the assumption that/assuming that they are assigned to different groups, their full potential might not be realized.(建议信)
然而，假设他们被分配到不同的小组，他们的全部潜力可能无法实现。
4 alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的(→alternatively
adv.可供选择地)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①On the assumption that you are available，I can come to your house，or alternatively (alternative)，we can meet in the town.
[能力提升]——微写作
②错过最后一班公交车后，我们别无选择，只好在雨中步行回家。
After missing the last bus，we had no alternative but to walk home in the rain.(动作描写)
alternatively
we had no alternative but to walk home
have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事
an alternative to… ……的替代品
[语料积累] (2024·全国甲卷)Firstly, shared bicycles have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility, offering an affordable and green alternative for short trips.(发言稿)
首先，共享单车已成为城市出行的象征，为短途出行提供了一种经济、绿色的选择。
5 in turn转而；相应地；反过来；依次；轮流
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Some student representatives take turns to deliver (deliver) speeches in the meeting.Finally, it is my turn to speak (speak)．
②They cleaned the house by turns—one swept the floors while the other dusted the furniture.
[能力提升]——微写作
③结果发现，那个惊喜派对实际上是为我准备的，尽管我以为是为我朋友准备的。
It turned out that the surprise party was actually for me, even though I thought it was for my friend.(事件描写)
to deliver
to speak
by
It turned out that
by turns 轮流
take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
It is one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。
It turns/turned out that… 结果是……
[语料积累] (2020·天津7月卷)In the past，it was our parents and teachers that helped us in many aspects and in turn, we should give a helping hand to them from now on.(发言稿)
过去是我们的父母和老师在很多方面帮助了我们，反过来，我们应该从现在开始帮助他们。
6 句型公式：given that引导条件状语从句
(教材原句)Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
[能力提升]——微写作
①鉴于您对端午节感兴趣，我写信向您介绍端午节。
Given that you are keen on the Dragon Boat Festival，I am writing to introduce it to you.(节日介绍)
②考虑到没有人帮他，他立即抓牢自行车，用尽全力把它扔向狼。
Given that there was nobody to help him，he instantly seized the bike tightly and threw it towards the wolf with all his strength.(动作链)
Given that you are keen on
Given that there was nobody to help him
“given that”作连词引导状语从句，意为“假如；考虑到；既然”。
[语料积累] (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Given that we students need more physical exercise, our school organized a cross country running race last Sunday.(活动介绍)
考虑到我们学生需要更多的身体锻炼，我校上周日举行了一次越野赛跑。
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．The book is comprised of ten chapters, each focusing on a different aspect of history.
2．She seemed confident, but deep down, she was very nervous about the competition.
3．She decided to focus on her health by eating nutritious food and exercising regularly.
4．In reality, the project was much more challenging than initially expected.
拾遗考点
is comprised of
deep down,
focus on
In reality,
1．fulfil one's dreams 实现某人的梦想
2．be comprised of 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
3．deep down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上
4．focus on 关注
5．in reality 实际上
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——前缀out
前缀out 表示“向外；超过”。例如本单元中的单词：output(n.产量；输出；输出量vt.输出)是由out (向外)＋put(放)转化而来，表示“向外放东西”。前缀out 的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．Her outstanding performance in the competition earned her first place and a gold medal. adj. 出色的
2．We enjoyed a wonderful outdoor picnic in the park on a sunny afternoon.
adj. 户外的
3．The teacher asked the students to write an outline before starting their essays.
n. 概要
4．The team worked hard to outdo their competitors and win the championship.
v. 胜过
5．The experienced player outclassed his opponents, winning the match easily.
v. 远远超过
adj. 出色的
adj. 户外的
n. 概要
v. 胜过
v. 远远超过
多维演练 素养提升
第
分
部
三
板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．digest
(1)I only read this digest of the novel，so I don't know the details.C
(2)I haven't entirely digested what he said just now.B
(3)(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Cattle raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.A
A.vi.& vt.消化 B．vt.理解；领会 C．n.摘要
C
B
A
2．overcome
(1)To everyone's shock，in the final game Sweden easily overcame France.B
(2)His parents were overcome with great sorrow at his grandpa's funeral.C
(3)In addition，their smile to life attitude even in such tough situations also inspired me to overcome any difficulties in life.A
A.v.克服；解决 B．v.打败，战胜 C．v.受到……的极大影响
B
C
A
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．The community will get a boost from a new library and recreation center.
n. 帮助，激励
[点拨]boost (熟义) vt.使增长；使兴旺。此处用作名词，意为“帮助，激励”。
2．Everyone has his own characteristic value and dignity, which must be taken seriously in teaching activities.
adj. 独特的
[点拨]characteristic (熟义) n．特点；特征；品质。此处用作形容词，意为“独特的”。
3．Unfortunately，the town was heavily bombed in the war.vt. 轰炸
[点拨]bomb (熟义) n．炸弹。此处用作动词，意为“轰炸”。
n. 帮助，激励
adj. 独特的
vt. 轰炸
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配/单元语法(主语从句)
1．The scientist is devoted to researching (research) new methods for renewable energy.
2．I finally convinced my brother to join (join) the school's soccer team after showing him how much fun it could be.
3．They planned the picnic on the assumption (assume) that the weather would be sunny.
4．When the car broke down, we had no alternative but to walk (walk) the rest of the way.
5．Her kindness inspired them, and they, in turn, spread kindness to others.
researching
to join
assumption
to walk
in
6．The next step，according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely (entire) on visual clues.
7．I'm afraid we have to put you on a strict diet.From now on, you're going to have to stay away from salty (salt) food.
8．He will try his best to help them by means of his conventional (convention) medical knowledge.
9．If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth (deep) and variety.
10．What is the most impressive is its many multi level waterfalls and colorful lakes.
entirely
salty
conventional
depth
What
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．据估计，我们学校有近30%的学生参加课后俱乐部。
It is estimated that nearly 30% of students in our school participate in after school clubs．(现象介绍)
2．他最喜欢学校的是每天都有机会学习新知识。
What he loves most about school is the chance to learn new things every day．(学校生活)
3．鉴于当时下着大雨，我们决定取消野餐，待在室内。
Given that it was raining heavily, we decided to cancel the picnic and stay indoors．(动作描写)
It is estimated that nearly 30% of students in our school participate in after school
clubs
What he loves most about school is the chance to learn new things every day
Given that it was raining heavily, we decided to cancel the picnic and stay indoors
4．人们普遍认为锻炼对身体和心理健康都有好处。
It is generally assumed that exercise is good for both physical and mental health．(建议信)
5．She considered it was a great opportunity to participate in the school play.(心理描写)
→She considered it a great opportunity to participate in the school play．(改为简单句)
It is generally assumed that exercise is good for both physical and mental health
She considered it a great opportunity to participate in the school play
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Paul写信告诉你他设计的农用机器人在全国机器人制作比赛中获得了一等奖。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1．表示祝贺；
2．肯定农用机器人的作用。
Dear Paul，
Glad to learn you have won first prize in the National Robot－Making Competition, I can't wait to offer my sincere congratulations to you.
1．So amazing is your robot that it can be of great help to farmers(你的机器人太神奇了，它对农民有很大的帮助；so…that…).2.Assuming your robot is put into use(假设你的机器人投入使用；assuming), farmers will not have to 3.tackle a shortage of workers(解决工人短缺的问题) during the harvest.Better still, it can work under different weather conditions, 4.thus keeping farmers entirely free of tiredness and worries(从而使农民完全摆脱疲劳和担忧).5.I am convinced that it will boost efficiency and yields(我相信它将提高效率和产量；be convinced that)．
You deserve to attain the prize.Hope you'll make greater progress.
Yours，
Li Hua
So amazing is your robot that it can be of great help to farmers
Assuming your robot is put into use
tackle a shortage of workers
thus keeping farmers entirely free of tiredness and worries
I am convinced that it will boost efficiency and yields
维度二 读后续写微技能21——动作细节描写：动“手指”
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
1．tickle v. 挠痒痒；胳肢
2．point a finger at 用手指指着
3．tap one's fingers on the blackboard 某人用手指在黑板上敲了敲
4．hold up one's fingers 某人举起手指
5．twist one's finger around one's hair 某人的手指绕着一缕头发转动
续表
6．dip one's fingers into 某人把手指伸进
7．lift/hold a finger to one's lips 伸出一根手指按在某人嘴唇上
8．dip one's finger in sth. 某人把手指浸在……中
9．wave one's finger 挥动某人的手指
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．“别那样！”老师挥动着她的手指喊道。
“None of that！” cried the teacher, waving her finger． (非谓语动词)
2．“是他们干的！”她喊道，用手指指着那些男孩们，指责他们。
“It was them！” she cried, pointing an accusing finger at the boys. (非谓语动词)
3．莉莉举起手指比出和平手势，朋友为她拍了一张照片。
Lily held up her fingers in a peace sign as her friend took a picture of her.
4．她用另外一只手臂搂住我的脖子，她的手指迅速地动着，给我挠痒痒。
She passes her other arm round my neck, and her fingers tickle me as they move across it.(名篇《童年》)
waving her finger
pointing an accusing finger at the boys
held up her fingers
her fingers tickle me
5．就在那个时候，我那位体贴的老师用手指在黑板上敲了敲，然后竖起了一个手指以示警告，示意他们保持安静。
It was at that time that my considerate teacher tapped his fingers on the blackboard and then held a warning finger, signaling them to keep silent．
tapped his fingers on the blackboard
任务2 语段表达
During art class, Emma sat quietly at her desk, deep in thought. 1.She twisted her finger around her hair (她用手指绕着一缕头发转动着) while trying to think of what to draw. Suddenly, she had an idea. 2.She dipped her finger into the paint (她把手指伸进颜料中), feeling the cool, smooth texture on her skin. Carefully, she began creating soft strokes on the canvas. As she concentrated, a classmate started talking loudly nearby. Emma, not wanting to be disturbed, 3.lifted a finger to her lips (伸出一根手指按在嘴唇上), signaling for silence. The classmate nodded and quieted down, allowing Emma to focus on her work. With a smile, she continued painting, her creativity flowing freely.
She twisted her
finger around her hair
She dipped her finger into the paint
lifted a finger to her lips
基础默测
第
分
部
四
默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．grain n. 谷物；谷粒；颗粒
2．urban adj. 城市的；都市的；城镇的
3．yield n. 产量；产出 vt. 出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等) vi. 屈服；让步
4．celebrity n. 名望；名誉；名人；名流
5．broom n. 扫把；扫帚；金雀花
6．characteristic n. 特征；特点；品质 adj. 典型的；独特的
7．boost vt. 使增长；使兴旺 n. 增长；提高；激励
8．bomb n. 炸弹 vt. 轰炸；对……投炸弹
谷物；谷粒；颗粒
城市的；都市的；城镇的
产量；产出
出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等)
屈服；让步
名望；名誉；名人；名流
扫把；扫帚；金雀花
特征；特点；品质
典型的；独特的
使增长；使兴旺
增长；提高；激励
炸弹
轰炸；对……投炸弹
9．tunnel n. 地下通道；地道；隧道
10．wheat n. 小麦；小麦籽
11．mineral n. 矿物；矿物质
12．root n. 根；根茎；根部；根源
13．flavour (NAmE vor) n. 味道；特点；特色
14．organic adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的
15．widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
地下通道；地道；隧道
小麦；小麦籽
矿物；矿物质
根；根茎；根部；根源
味道；特点；特色
有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的
分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
二、核心单词写得准
1．tackle vt. 解决(难题)；应付 (局面)；处理
2．crisis n. (pl.crises) 危机；危急关头
3．attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得；得到
4．intense adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的
5．overcome vt. (overcame, overcome) 克服；解决；战胜
6．output n. 产量；输出；输出量 vt. (output, output) 输出
7．estimate vt. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算
8．domestic adj. 本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的
9．comprise vt. 包括；包含；由……组成
10．instance n. 例子；实例；事例
tackle
crisis
crises
attain
intense
overcome
overcame, overcome
output
output, output
estimate
domestic
comprise
instance
11．entirely adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地
12．alleviate vt. 减轻；缓解
13．digest vt. & vi. 消化 vt. 领会；领悟 n. 摘要；文摘
14．essential adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的
15．alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的
entirely
alleviate
digest
essential
alternative
三、拓展单词通变化
1．devote vt. 把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的→devotion n. 献身；奉献；忠诚
2．short adj. 短的；矮的；不足的；缺乏的→shorten vt. 变短；缩短→shortage n. 不足；缺少；短缺
3．convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj. 令人信服的→convinced adj. 确信的；信服的
4．convention n. 习俗；常规→conventional adj. 传统的；习惯的
5．assume v. 假定；假设；认为→assumption n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得
6．expand vt. & vi. 扩大；增加 vt. 扩展；发展(业务)→expansion n. 扩张；扩展；扩大
devote
devoted
devotion
short
shorten
shortage
convince
convincing
convinced
convention
conventional
assume
assumption
expand
expansion
7．consume v. 消耗；耗费(燃料、能量、时间等)；消费→consumption n. 消耗；消耗量；消费→consumer n. 消费者
8．generate vt. 产生；引起→generation n. 代；一代人；产生
9．extend vt. 延长；延伸；扩大→extension n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机
10．chemist n. 化学家→chemistry n. 化学→chemical adj. 与化学有关的；化学的 n. 化学制品；化学品
11．nutrition n. 营养；滋养→nutritional adj. 营养(物)的→nutritious adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的
12．deep adj. 深的 adv. 深深地；在深处→depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→deepen vt. 加深
consume
consumption
consumer
generate
generation
extend
extension
chemist
chemistry
chemical
nutrition
nutritional
nutritious
deep
depth
deepen
四、重点词块明搭配
1．fulfil one's dreams 实现某人的梦想
2．devote…to 把……用于；献身；致力；专心
3．be comprised of 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
4．deep down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上
5．in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流
6．turn to 转向；求助于
7．focus on 关注
8．for instance 例如；比如
9．work the land 耕耘
10．pursue a career 追求职业
fulfil one's dreams
devote…to
be comprised of
deep down
in turn
转向；求助于
关注
例如；比如
耕耘
追求职业
五、教材佳句会运用
1．然而，最让他担心的是，农民常常收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。(what引导主语从句)
However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
2．据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。(it作形式主语)
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.
what concerned him most
it is estimated that
3．考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。(given that引导条件状语从句)
Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
4．种植不同的作物是因为它们把重要的矿物质带回土壤，使其为下一批作物生长做好准备。(现在分词短语作状语)
Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops．
Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy,
making it ready for the next batch of crops
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The team overcame (克服) many challenges during the competition, and their persistence helped them win first place.
2．They tried to estimate (估计) the number of people attending the concert, but it was difficult because of the large crowd.
3．Domestic (国内) travel has become more popular in recent years, as many people explore their own country before visiting foreign places.
4．During her leisure (空闲) time, she enjoys painting and listening to music, which helps her relax after a busy day.
5．The students took time to digest (领会) the teacher's explanation of the difficult math problem before starting their homework.
overcame
estimate
Domestic
leisure
digest
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Her assumption (assume) that it wouldn't rain turned out to be wrong, and she got wet on her way back home without an umbrella.
2．The consumption (consume) of sugary drinks has been linked to health problems, so she decided to drink more water instead.
3．She dreamed of becoming a famous artist, but the reality (real) of finding a job in the art industry proved to be challenging.
4．She pays close attention to the nutritional (nutrition) value of her meals, making sure they contain enough vitamins and minerals for a balanced diet.
5．He carefully measured the depth (deep) of the swimming pool before diving in, making sure it was safe enough.
assumption
consumption
reality
nutritional
depth
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Keep up your courage, since life is comprised of joy and sadness.
2．She looks cold hearted but deep down she is a very kind person and always helps those in need.
3．Everyone can make contributions to protecting our natural resources. For instance, we can save lots of gas by riding a bike or walking instead of driving.
4．All in all, I‘m in favour of organic farming. I hope more and more farmers will turn to organic farming in the future.
5．For one thing, not only does it help to build up our health, but it also helps us to learn more effectively in turn．
for instance；be comprised of；deep down；in turn；turn to
is comprised of
deep down
For instance,
turn to
in turn
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．给我留下深刻印象的是，每当我遇到困难，我的叔叔都会激励我坚持我的梦想。(what引导主语从句)
What impresses me most is that my uncle will always motivate me to stick to my dream whenever I come across difficulties.
2．考虑到剩下的时间不多了，孩子们做得相当好。(given that作连词)
Given that there was little time left, the children have done quite well.
3．据报道，近日气温将明显下降。(it作形式主语)
It is reported that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days.
What impresses me most
Given that there was little time left,
It is reported that
课时作业21
第
分
部
五
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2024·浙江七彩阳光联盟高三联考)
A new study estimates more than 1 billion people worldwide are currently living with obesity. People with obesity are considered medically overweight. The study, published in the medical publication The Lancet, said that one in eight people are obese. Researchers said around 43 percent of adults were overweight in 2022.Obesity among adults has more than doubled since 1990. Among young people aged 5 to 19, the obesity rate increased by four times during the same period.
“A staggering number of people are living with obesity, and severe obesity is strongly linked to a long list of health problems and an early death，” declared the lead writer of the study, Majid Ezzati, a professor at Imperial College London.
The WHO noted that at the World Health Assembly in 2022, member states agreed to an agency plan to fight obesity. So far, 31 governments “are now leading the way” to reduce obesity by carrying out goals of the plan.
These include government measures to enact new rules on “harmful” marketing of unhealthy food and drinks to children. In addition, governments are aiming to improve school and nutrition policies. They are also seeking price reductions for healthy foods to increase public awareness about healthy diets and exercise and to strengthen requirements for physical activity in schools.
Imperial College London's Ezzati said that obesity rates are not rising in many wealthier nations. But they are quickly increasing in other countries. He noted that some countries have many underweight people, meaning the nations are facing what he called a “double burden” of nutrition problems.
Branca is head of nutrition at the WHO. He told reporters, “In the past, we have been thinking of obesity as a problem of the rich, but obesity is a problem of the world. Although new obesity drugs—such as Ozempic and Wegovy—could be helpful tools in reducing obesity, they noted that the cost and availability of the drugs might increase inequality.”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现在全球范围内现有10亿多肥胖人口。本文主要分析了肥胖这一社会性问题及其应对措施，以及应对肥胖时存在的问题等。
1．What does the underlined word “staggering” mean？( )
A．Satisfying. B．Frightening.
C．Astonishing. D．Puzzling.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“more than 1 billion people worldwide are currently living with obesity”和“one in eight people are obese”以及“around 43 percent of adults were overweight…Obesity among adults has more than doubled…increased by four times during the same period”可知，世界上肥胖人数众多，有八分之一的人口肥胖，且肥胖率倍增。由此可见，肥胖的人数是一个“令人震惊的”数字，故C项与画线词的意思最为接近。
C
2．What is included in the plan led by 31 governments？( )
A．Setting laws to ban the sale of unhealthy food.
B．Increasing the cost for people to consume healthy food.
C．Attaching importance to physical activity.
D.Offering lower priced obesity drugs to people.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“to strengthen requirements for physical activity in schools”可知，31个政府领导的计划包括对体育锻炼的重视，故C项正确。文中的“strengthen requirements”与C项中的“Attaching importance”为同义转换。
C
3．What does Ezzati mean by mentioning the “double burden”？( )
A．Some countries are suffering both poverty and obesity.
B.Some countries are suffering both poor nutrition and obesity.
C．Obesity is common in both poor and wealthy countries.
D．Obesity is a heavy burden for some countries.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“double burden”前的“He noted that some countries have many underweight people”和后文的“of nutrition problems”可知，一些国家还有很多体重不足的人，这些国家也在面临着营养问题。由此可见，Ezzati提到“double burden”意指一些国家可能同时遭遇营养不良和肥胖问题，故B项正确。
B
4．What is Branca's attitude to the obesity problem？( )
A．Negative. B．Indifferent.
C．Ambiguous. D．Optimistic.
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中Branca所说的“obesity is a problem of the world…the cost and availability of the drugs might increase inequality”可知，Branca认为肥胖是一个全球性的问题，而减肥药的成本和可用性可能会增加不公平性。由此可见，Branca对肥胖问题持消极态度，故A项正确。
A
(2024·河南创新联盟TOP20高三调研)
In 1986, King Charles suggested talking to plants, a thought initially mocked but now supported by evidence that plants can detect, react to, and potentially produce sound.
Since plants have been evolving alongside the insects for hundreds of millions of years, Heidi Appel, a botanist and Reginald Cocroft, an entomologist wondered if plants might be sensitive to the sounds made by insects. The researchers recorded the vibrations(震动) from caterpillars(毛虫) as they chewed on leaves. Then the plants were exposed to the recorded vibrations while no caterpillars were actually present. The results were striking. Leaves that had been exposed had significantly higher levels of defensive chemicals, making them much harder for the caterpillars to eat. The research may have practical consequences, such as using drones armed with speakers to warn crops of pest threats, offering an eco friendly alternative to chemical pesticides.
Further studies by ecologist Monica Gagliano reveal that plants, like pea plants, can “hear” water through sound, with roots responding to water related vibrations even when the water is inaccessible. This finding could have implications for preventing damage to sewer(下水道) systems caused by plant roots. The assumption had been that it was leaks that attracted the roots. The solution, she says, might be to invest in pipes that are silent as water runs through them.
Additionally, the study by the team at Tel Aviv University revealed that plants under stress, due to factors like insufficient water or physical damage, make high frequency sounds, which can be detected even in noisy environments. This opens possibilities for using microphones to monitor plant health in agriculture, potentially aiding farmers in identifying and addressing crop issues.
Despite some questions remaining to be solved, these fascinating discoveries cast new light on plants' ability to perceive and respond to sounds in their environment. Plants live in a world full of sounds due to human civilization, and it is worth investigating this interesting aspect. Perhaps researchers might even seek funding from King Charles.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物不仅可以探测到声音、对声音做出反应，还可能产生声音。植物与声音相互关系的研究也为我们的生活提供了很多的实践价值。
5．What was the original reaction to King Charles's suggestion？( )
A．Ambiguous. B．Favourable.
C．Indifferent. D．Opposed.
解析：观点态度题。根据第一段的“In 1986…a thought initially mocked”可知，Charles国王的建议最初被人们嘲笑，即被当时的人们反对，故选D项。
D
6．What practical result may the research by Heidi and Reginald lead to？( )
A．Introducing drones with speakers to farmers.
B．Applying chemicals to enhance plant growth.
C．Stimulating plants to release anti pest chemicals.
D．Developing new types of protective pesticides.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，Heidi和Reginald想知道植物是否对昆虫发出的声音敏感，研究人员录下了毛虫咀嚼树叶时发出的震动声，然后在没有毛虫的情况下，将植物暴露在录下的震动声中。结果是惊人的，暴露在录音中的叶子明显含有更多的防御性化学物质，这使得毛虫更难吃到它们。这项研究可能会产生实际的结果，比如使用装有扬声器的无人机来警告农作物害虫的威胁，为化学农药提供一种环保的替代品。所以Heidi和Reginald的研究可以得出一种新的保护植物的方法，即通过刺激植物，让植物自身释放抗虫害化学物质。故选C项。
C
7．Why is employing silent pipes suggested？( )
A．To reduce noise pollution.
B．To protect sewer systems.
C．To improve water transportation.
D．To attract plant roots to accessible water.
解析：推理判断题。第三段讲Monica的进一步研究表明，像豌豆这样的植物可以通过声音“听到”水，在无法接触水的情况下，它们的根会对与水有关的震动做出反应，由此对下水道系统造成损害。由此可知，使用静音管道是为了保护下水道系统。故选B项。
B
8．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？( )
A B C D
解析：文章结构题。文章第一段总体提出现在有证据表明，植物可以探测声音、对声音做出反应并可能产生声音；第二、三、四段分别介绍三个研究作为证据；最后一段总结说这些发现使人们进一步了解植物感知环境中的声音并对声音做出反应的能力。故选C项。
C
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2024·山西名校高三联考)
Alia found herself disappointed in the drawing studio after missing out on picking her classes due to illness. She had hoped for Biology, but it was __1__ by the time she got to choose. She loved everything about science, from the way it used facts to how it revealed the basic nature of things. But __2__ was so…unscientific.
The first class project was self portraits. Some students were drawing self portraits using __3__. Others were working from photographs. Alia __4__ the incomplete outlines, feeling like a cat in a dog show.
The teacher __5__ her. “Every portrait begins with a circle，” he said. “Then you create a series of lines.” To __6__， he drew a group of small, quick portraits. He began each one with a __7__， some straight lines, and a triangle (三角形) to __8__ where the eyes, nose, and chin (下巴) should go.
文章总览
__9__， Alia began her own self portrait. She __10__ the basic form of a head, the way she had been shown. From there, she used lines to plot the __11__ of her face. The process took patience and __12__. She had to take note of each detail. One wrong measurement could throw off the whole __13__.
Alia was surprised by the structure and discipline involved in drawing a portrait. Measuring, studying details and __14__ the basic nature of something __15__ her of what she loved about science.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Alia由于生病没能选上喜欢的生物课，最后被迫学了美术。刚开始，她对美术不感兴趣。后来，在老师的指导下，尝试画肖像，在这个过程中，Alia意识到了美术和科学也有共同点。
文章总览
Alia found herself disappointed in the drawing studio after missing out on picking her classes due to illness. She had hoped for Biology, but it was __1__ by the time she got to choose. She loved everything about science, from the way it used facts to how it revealed the basic nature of things. But __2__ was so…unscientific.
1．( )A.full B．changeable
C．busy D．tough
解析：句意：她本来希望选生物课，但等她选择的时候，生物课已经满了。根据“Alia found herself disappointed in the drawing studio after missing out on picking her classes due to illness.”可知，Alia由于生病，错过了选课，生物课被选满了。故选A。full满的；changeable可改变的；busy忙的； tough艰难的。
A
答案分析
Alia found herself disappointed in the drawing studio after missing out on picking her classes due to illness. She had hoped for Biology, but it was __1__ by the time she got to choose. She loved everything about science, from the way it used facts to how it revealed the basic nature of things. But __2__ was so…unscientific.
2．( )A.biology B．art
C．physics D．medicine
解析：句意：但是艺术是如此……不科学的。根据“The first class project was self portraits.”可知，她最终选的是美术课。故选B。biology生物；art艺术；physics物理； medicine医学。
B
答案分析
The first class project was self portraits. Some students were drawing self portraits using __3__. Others were working from photographs. Alia __4__ the incomplete outlines, feeling like a cat in a dog show.
3．( )A.artbooks B．glasses
C．brushes D．mirrors
解析：句意：一些学生正在用镜子画自画像。根据“Others were working from photographs.”可知，此处指一些学生画肖像的方式是通过镜子里呈现的样子来画。故选D。artbooks画册，画集；glasses眼镜；brushes刷子； mirrors镜子。
D
答案分析
The first class project was self portraits. Some students were drawing self portraits using __3__. Others were working from photographs. Alia __4__ the incomplete outlines, feeling like a cat in a dog show.
4．( )A.cared for B．searched for
C．glanced at D．get rid of
解析：句意：Alia瞥了一眼不完整的轮廓，感觉就像一只猫在狗展上。根据“feeling like a cat in a dog show”可知，Alia对美术不感兴趣，因此应是瞥了一眼不完整的轮廓。故选C。care for照顾，关心；search for搜寻；glance at一瞥，扫视； get rid of清理，清除。
C
答案分析
The teacher __5__ her. “Every portrait begins with a circle，” he said. “Then you create a series of lines.” To __6__， he drew a group of small, quick portraits. He began each one with a __7__， some straight lines, and a triangle (三角形) to __8__ where the eyes, nose, and chin (下巴) should go.
5．( )A.punished B．approached
C．blamed D．requested
解析：句意：老师走到她身边。根据“‘Every portrait begins with a circle，’ he said.‘Then you create a series of lines.’”可知，老师在对她进行指导，因此应是走到她身边。故选B。punish惩罚；approach靠近；blame责备； request要求。
B
答案分析
The teacher __5__ her. “Every portrait begins with a circle，” he said. “Then you create a series of lines.” To __6__， he drew a group of small, quick portraits. He began each one with a __7__， some straight lines, and a triangle (三角形) to __8__ where the eyes, nose, and chin (下巴) should go.
6．( )A.introduce B．demonstrate
C．complete D．promote
解析：句意：为了说明这一点，他画了一组短小而快速的肖像。根据“he drew a group of small, quick portraits”可知，老师给她展示如何画肖像。故选B。introduce介绍；demonstrate演示，说明；complete完成； promote促进。
B
答案分析
The teacher __5__ her. “Every portrait begins with a circle，” he said. “Then you create a series of lines.” To __6__， he drew a group of small, quick portraits. He began each one with a __7__， some straight lines, and a triangle (三角形) to __8__ where the eyes, nose, and chin (下巴) should go.
7．( )A.letter B．square
C．circle D．dot
解析：句意：他先画了一个圆圈、几条直线和一个三角形，以确定眼睛、鼻子和下巴的位置。根据上文“Every portrait begins with a circle”可知，此处是信息词circle的原词复现。故选C。letter信，字母；square广场，正方形；circle圆形，圆圈； dot小圆点。
C
答案分析
The teacher __5__ her. “Every portrait begins with a circle，” he said. “Then you create a series of lines.” To __6__， he drew a group of small, quick portraits. He began each one with a __7__， some straight lines, and a triangle (三角形) to __8__ where the eyes, nose, and chin (下巴) should go.
8．( )A.dominate B．delay
C．dismiss D．determine
解析：句意同上。dominate控制；delay延迟；dismiss开除； determine决定。故选D。
D
答案分析
__9__， Alia began her own self portrait. She __10__ the basic form of a head, the way she had been shown. From there, she used lines to plot the __11__ of her face. The process took patience and __12__. She had to take note of each detail. One wrong measurement could throw off the whole __13__.
9．( )A.Surprisingly B．Excitedly
C．Hesitantly D．Disappointedly
解析：句意：Alia犹豫着，开始了自己的自画像。根据上文“Alia __4__ the incomplete outlines, feeling like a cat in a dog show.”可知，Alia本来不喜欢画画，因此此处应是犹豫着进行尝试。故选C。surprisingly令人惊讶地；excitedly兴奋地；hesitantly犹豫地； disappointedly失望地。
C
答案分析
__9__， Alia began her own self portrait. She __10__ the basic form of a head, the way she had been shown. From there, she used lines to plot the __11__ of her face. The process took patience and __12__. She had to take note of each detail. One wrong measurement could throw off the whole __13__.
10．( )A.drew B．wrote
C．printed D．typed
解析：句意：她按照别人给她展示的样子，画出了一个头的基本形状。根据“Alia began her own self portrait”可知，此处表示画画。故选A。draw画画；write写；print打印； type打字。
A
答案分析
__9__， Alia began her own self portrait. She __10__ the basic form of a head, the way she had been shown. From there, she used lines to plot the __11__ of her face. The process took patience and __12__. She had to take note of each detail. One wrong measurement could throw off the whole __13__.
11．( )A.features B．sizes
C．colors D．lengths
解析：句意：从那里开始，她用线条画出她的面部特征。根据“of her face”可知，此处指画出面部特征。故选A。feature特征，特点；size尺寸；color颜色； length长度。
A
答案分析
__9__， Alia began her own self portrait. She __10__ the basic form of a head, the way she had been shown. From there, she used lines to plot the __11__ of her face. The process took patience and __12__. She had to take note of each detail. One wrong measurement could throw off the whole __13__.
12．( )A.accuracy B．love
C．courage D．humor
解析：句意：这个过程需要耐心和准确性。根据“One wrong measurement could throw off the whole __13__.”可知，这个过程需要准确性。故选A。accuracy准确度；love爱；courage勇气； humor幽默。
A
答案分析
__9__， Alia began her own self portrait. She __10__ the basic form of a head, the way she had been shown. From there, she used lines to plot the __11__ of her face. The process took patience and __12__. She had to take note of each detail. One wrong measurement could throw off the whole __13__.
13．( )A.design B．paper
C．portrait D．book
解析：句意：一个错误的测量可能会毁掉整个肖像。根据上文“Alia began her own self portrait”可知，此处是信息词portrait的原词复现。故选C。design设计；paper纸；portrait肖像； book书。
C
答案分析
Alia was surprised by the structure and discipline involved in drawing a portrait. Measuring, studying details and __14__ the basic nature of something __15__ her of what she loved about science.
14．( )A.changing B．revealing
C．distinguishing D．understanding
解析：句意：测量、研究细节和揭示事物的基本性质让她想起了她对科学的热爱。根据第一段中“from the way it used facts to how it revealed the basic nature of things”可知，此处表示揭示事物的基本性质。故选B。change改变；reveal揭示；distinguish区分，辨别； understand理解。
B
答案分析
Alia was surprised by the structure and discipline involved in drawing a portrait. Measuring, studying details and __14__ the basic nature of something __15__ her of what she loved about science.
15．( )A.warned B．informed
C．suspect D．reminded
解析：句意同上。根据“Measuring, studying details and __14__ the basic nature of something”可知，画画过程中涉及的一些东西让她想起了科学。故选D。warn警告；inform通知；suspect怀疑； remind使想起。
D
答案分析
