选择性必修第四册 UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
declare；calculate；appoint；divide；guilty；urge；more like；test out
An increasing number of people like science fiction. Satisfaction Guaranteed is such a short sci－fi novel about a robot called Tony, which was going to be 1.tested out by Claire.Claire thought Tony looked 2.more like a human than a machine, because Tony treated Claire with dignity and integrity. Besides, he helped Claire with her 3.appointment and the preparation for a party.When everything got prepared, Claire dismissed Tony.However, he 4.declared that he had fallen in love with her and then disappeared from sight.Claire felt more than 5.guilty.
Presuming that you have a chance to get a time machine, you may have an 6.urge to take over the world.But have you ever taken all the pros and cons into consideration？You can travel to a special period at maximum speed to enjoy stunning experiences.However, it turns out that there is a 7.division between the past and the present.You can't 8.calculate what will happen next and decide whether a dream is superior to reality.But as long as the time machine doesn't explode, you will have random potential.
提示：加底纹词汇为本单元复现词汇
1 guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的(→guilt n．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty (guilt) being a rich man without doing anything.
②He felt guilty for/about being late for the important appointment, so he quickened his pace to rush there.
[能力提升]——一句多译
③“我为欺骗了我深爱的祖母而感到内疚，”她喃喃自语，内疚的泪水顺着她的脸颊流了下来。
→“I've been guilty for cheating my beloved grandmother，”she murmured, and tears of guilt flowed down her cheeks．(并列句)
→“I've been guilty for cheating my beloved grandmother，”she murmured, tears of guilt flowing down her cheeks．(独立主格结构)
(1)be guilty of 犯有……罪
be/feel guilty about/for (doing) sth.
对/为(做)某事感到内疚/有愧
(2)a sense of guilt 愧疚感
out of guilt 出于愧疚
[语料积累] ①be overwhelmed by a deep sense of guilt
被深深的负罪感所淹没
②The mother felt guilty and upset, sadness chocking her words.(心理描写)
这位母亲感到又内疚又难过，悲伤得说不出话来。
2 declare vt. 公布；宣布；宣告；表明；宣称；断言(→declaration n．公告，宣言；表白；声明)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The chairwoman proposed dismissing the plan，but the majority declared against her proposal.
②The president announced that the country would declare war on its neighboring country.
③The lender requires you to make a declaration (declare) that your income is sufficient to meet your monthly payments.
[能力提升]——微写作
④仪式一宣布开始，我校全体学生就欢呼起来了。
The instant the ceremony was declared open, all the students in our school burst into cheers.(活动报道)
⑤我也意识到我在这里的目的，那就是宣布一个决定——在大学里选择一个更优秀的专业。
I am also aware of my purpose here, which is to declare a decision —choose a superior major in college.
declare sth.to sb. 向某人表明……
declare sb./sth.to be/as 宣布……为……
declare for/against… 声明表示支持/反对……
declare war on 对……宣战
declare…open/closed 宣布……开始/结束
[语料积累] ①Hardly had we declared the Coming－of－Age ceremony open when the rain began to pour down.(情景描写)
我们刚宣布成人仪式开始，天就下起了倾盆大雨。
②When the teacher declared me to be the winner of the English Speech Contest, I was surprised and pleased.(心理描写)
当老师宣布我是这次英语演讲比赛的获胜者时，我又惊又喜。
3 superior adj. 更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的 n．上级，上司
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①(译林版选必四U3)In a successful，stable and productive society，all jobs are equally important and no one is superior to another.
②He was valued by both his peers and his superiors (superior)．
③I want the best—I don't want some inferior (superior) model that's going to break down the first time I use it.
[能力提升]——微写作
④我正在申请成为贵机构的志愿者，并且相信我的技能和经验使我成为优秀的候选人。
I am applying to be a volunteer at your organization and believe that my skills and experience make me a superior candidate．(申请信/求职信)
be superior to 比……更好，更胜一筹
be senior to sb. 比某人年长/职位高
be junior to sb. 比某人年龄小/职位低
be inferior to sb./sth. 比……差/级别低
be equal to 和……相当；等同于；能胜任
be prior to 在……之前
[语料积累] ①be inferior to its competitors in…
在某方面不如它的竞争对手
②All the arrangements should be completed prior to your departure.(建议信)
在你出发之前，应该做好所有的安排。
③I believe he is equal to the task and can complete it successfully.(推荐信)
我相信他能胜任这项任务并成功完成它。
4 urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐(→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的→urgency n.紧急；急迫)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Parents should actively urge their children to grip (grip) every opportunity to join sports teams.
②It is declared that the earthquake victims are in urgent (urge) need of medical supplies.
③Despite the crisis, there appeared to be no sense of urgency (urgent)．
④I had an urge to pick (pick) a random book from the shelf, so I fetched a stool to reach the higher ones.
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)为了更好地保护海洋，我们必须敦促更多的人去反思他们不合适的行为，并且做出改变。
To protect oceans better, we must urge more people to reflect on their own improper behavior and make changes．(倡议书)
(1)have an urge to do sth. 有强烈的欲望做某事
(2)urge sb.to do sth.
力劝某人做某事；怂恿某人做某事
urge that sb.(should) do sth.
主张/力劝某人做某事
It is/was urged that sb.(should) do sth.
极力主张某人做某事
[语料积累] ①have/feel an urge to speak fluent English
渴望说一口流利的英语
②I was embarrassed, but I fought the urge to run off the stage.(情感描写)
我感到很尴尬，但我抑制住了想跑下台的冲动。
[名师指津] urge后跟从句时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，即“(should)do”形式。
类似用法的动词还有：insist(坚决要求)，order，command，advise，suggest(建议)，recommend，request，require，demand等。
5 turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是；生产
[基础检测]——用turn的相关短语填空
①All the candidates must turn in the application forms and relevant materials before the deadline.
②You had better turn up in time or a few minutes earlier than the appointed time.
③Keep in mind that you must turn out the lamp in your room when you leave.
④She turned down a higher salary offer as she liked the company culture here.
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤我写这封信是为了表达我对你们在学校英语戏剧节上的热心帮助的诚挚感谢，这次活动取得了惊人的成功。
I'm writing to express my sincere gratitude for your kind help in the School English Drama Festival, which has turned out to be an amazing success．(感谢信)
(1)as it turned out 结果证明
It turned out that… 事实证明；结果是……
(2)turn away 把……拒之门外
turn against 背叛；反对
turn in 上交；提交
turn on/off 打开/关掉
turn up 出现；调大(音量)
turn down 拒绝；调小(音量)
turn to 转向；求助于
[语料积累] ①have no choice but to turn to a random direction
别无选择，只能随机朝一个方向走
②It turned out that her fears were unfounded, and everything went smoothly.(情节描写)
事实证明，她的担心是多余的，一切都进行得很顺利。
6 句型公式：more…than… 与其说……，倒不如说……
(教材原句)He seemed more like a human than a machine.
他看起来更像一个人，而不是一台机器。
[基础检测]——写出下列句子中more than的汉语意思
①She bought more than ten handkerchiefs and two pairs of leather shoes at a time，which made her mother explode with anger.多于；超过
②I am more than glad to help you analyze the pros and cons of the choice you have made.非常
③The chairwoman is more than our leader；she is also our friend.不仅仅
④Having performed perfectly in the store，the saleswoman is more hard－working than clever.与其说……，例不如说……
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤正如我们所知，弗朗西斯·培根与其说是一位杰出的科学家，不如说是一位伟大的作家。
As we know, Francis Bacon was more a great writer than an outstanding scientist．(人物介绍)
(1)more than
①与数词连用，意为“超过；不止”，相当于over；
②与名词连用，意为“不只是；不仅仅”，相当于not only；
③与形容词、副词连用，意为“非常，很”，相当于highly，extremely，awfully，quite等。
(2)more than one意为“不止一个”，后接可数名词单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数。
[语料积累] ①This book is more than a story; it teaches us valuable lessons.(推荐信)
这本书不只是一个故事，它还教给我们宝贵的经验。
②She felt more excited than nervous before the big performance.(心理描写)
在大型演出前，她感到兴奋多于紧张。
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．The salary of the salesman is calculated on a monthly basis, taking into account his sales performance and the number of customers he has served.
2．When the new chairwoman took over the company, she found that there was a lot of inaction in some departments.
3．The rumour that aliens would invade the earth conflicted with scientific facts and was completely ridiculous．
4．The new science fiction movie was tested out in several selected venues before its official release.
5．The lights in the room turned out suddenly, and in the hazy darkness, I could only grip my handkerchief tightly.
1．test out 检验；测试
2．on a monthly basis
按月结算
3．take over
占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
4．conflict with
与……冲突或抵触
5．turn out
关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
6．fall away
(逐渐)减少；消失
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——后缀 y
后缀 y 表示“充满……的；有……特性的；有……倾向的”。例如本单元中的单词：guilty(adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的)是由名词guilt(罪行，内疚)＋后缀 y转化而来。后缀 y的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．The greedy child wanted all the candy for himself and didn't want to share with anyone else. adj. 贪心的
2．The sky was cloudy this morning, but by noon, the sun had come out and brightened the day. adj. 多云的
3．The road was misty early in the morning, making it difficult to drive without headlights. adj. 雾蒙蒙的
4．After driving on the dusty road, the car was covered in dirt and needed a thorough wash. adj. 尘土飞扬的
5．Her room was so messy that it took hours to clean up all the clothes and books scattered everywhere. adj. 乱七八糟的
板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．dismiss
A.v.使免职，将……解职，解雇 B．v.不予考虑；摒弃；对……不屑一提 C．v.遣散；解散 D．v.去除，消除，摒除(思想、感情等) E．v.驳回，不受理
(1)Just dismiss those thoughts from your mind—they're crazy and not worth thinking about.D
(2)He has been dismissed from his job for incompetence.A
(3)The professor dismissed the class early because she had a meeting.C
(4)The case was dismissed．E
(5)Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can't forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren't for casual conversation.B
2．explode
A.v.大发雷霆 B．v.激增 C．v.突然活跃起来 D．v.爆破；爆炸
(1)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.D
(2) “Of course there's something wrong！” Jem exploded．A
(3)The population explodes to 40，000 during the tourist season.B
(4)After ten minutes the game exploded into life.C
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．(2023· 浙江1月卷)Sitting on a branch，he inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive.v. 谨慎移动
[点拨]inch(熟义) n. 英寸。此处用作动词，意为 “谨慎移动”，描述了这个人缓慢、小心翼翼地移动的动作。
2．(2022·浙江1月卷)The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there's a new bonus to add to the ever－growing list.n. 意外收获
[点拨]bonus(熟义) n. 奖金；红利。此处意为“意外收获”。
3．(2019·天津卷)She calculated that going to a stranger's house was a risky move，but she decided to take the chance.v. 预测；推测
[点拨]calculate (熟义) v. 计算；核算。此处意为“预测；推测”，与estimate同义。
4．She stood up and began to pace up and down．走来走去
[点拨]pace(熟义)n.速度；步伐；节奏 v．踱步。“up and down” 表示 “来回；上下”，用来修饰 “pace”，强调行走的方式是在一定范围内往返移动。“pace up and down” 这个短语形象地描绘出一个人在某个地方不停地走来走去的状态。
5．Three hours after the explosion, rescue teams were still labouring to free those trapped.v. 努力工作
[点拨]labour (熟义)n.劳动(者)；体力劳动。此处用作动词，意为“努力工作”。
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配/
单元语法(复习被动语态)
1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)He chatted with Susan for 30 minutes before keeping his appointment (appoint) with the manager.
2．(2024·浙江1月卷)The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly (week) schedule, just like what you would do with in－person courses.
3．Many children are attracted by the fictional (fiction) characters in the animated film.
4．The declaration (declare) of the winner will be made at the end of the competition.
5．After pros and cons of moving to a new city were calculated (calculate) thoroughly, they finally made the decision.
6．Our products are superior in quality to those of our competitors.
7．Whereas, the rumour turned out to be ridiculous.
8．The boy shows no sympathy for other students and often conflicts with them.
9．The purpose of this meeting is to discuss the division (divide) of labor among departments.
10．They evaluate the performance of each student on an individual basis.
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．(2024·全国甲卷书面表达)共享单车与其说是城市里的一种流行选择，倒不如说是现代城市出行解决方案的象征，因为它们提供了一种环保且经济的短途出行方式。(more…than…)
Shared bicycles are more like a symbol of modern urban mobility solutions than merely a popular choice in cities, as they provide an eco－friendly and cost－effective way to travel short distances．
2．(2024·新课标卷应用文写作)令人惊奇的是，被大自然环绕竟然能激发我的创造力，还能让我从学校生活中获得如此美妙的休息。(it be＋形容词＋that从句)
It was amazing that being surrounded by nature could spark my creativity and offer such a wonderful break from school life．
3．公园中央有一个美丽的湖泊，周围环绕着郁郁葱葱的树木和五颜六色的花朵。(“状语＋谓语＋主语”式的完全倒装结构)
In the center of the park lies a beautiful lake, surrounded by lush trees and colorful flowers．
4．(2024·新课标卷应用文写作)我画画的时候感觉仿佛有一种深深的宁静感在我心中流淌。(as if引导表语从句)
I felt as if a deep sense of peace was flowing through me as I painted．
5．Since you may be tired of sitting in class all day, I suggest that you should incorporate some physical activity into your daily routine.
→Considering you may be tired of sitting in class all day, I suggest that you should incorporate some physical activity into your daily routine．(用非谓语作状语升级)
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
《流浪地球》(The Wandering Earth)改编自雨果奖(Hugo Award)获奖作家刘慈欣的同名小说，是由郭帆(Frant Gwo)导演，吴京(Jason Wu)主演的一部科幻电影。该电影自上映以来就收到大量好评。请介绍并评论这部电影。内容包括： 1．简要介绍该影片； 2．观看感受； 3．推荐观看。
I am more than glad to introduce an excellent science fiction film named The Wandering Earth, which is 1.more a remarkable cinematic achievement than just an ordinary film (与其说是一部普通影片，不如说是一项非凡的电影成就；more…than…).2.It is astonishing that it has gained such popularity since its release (令人惊讶的是，自上映以来它就获得了如此高的人气；it be＋形容词＋that从句)．Directed by Frant Gwo and starring Jason Wu, it 3.is adapted from the novel by Liu Cixin (改编自刘慈欣的小说；被动语态)．Faced with the solar crisis, the Earth is being saved by the joint efforts of the Chinese government and scientists.4.So grand and exciting are the scenes that it seems as if you were experiencing the events in person (场景如此宏大和激动人心，以至于仿佛你正在亲身经历这些事件；倒装结构；as if引导表语从句)．
5．I strongly suggest that you (should) go to see this film personally [我强烈建议你亲自去看这部影片；suggest that…(should) do sth.], for it is truly a one－of－a－kind science fiction epic that will surely leave you in awe.
维度二 读后续写微技能32——日、月、星、
空等自然环境描写
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
1．bright moonlight 明亮的月光
2．across the sky 横跨天空
3．gaze up at 仰望
4．be bathed in 沐浴在
5．be dotted with 点缀着
6．the starry sky 繁星点点的天空
7．the first stars 初现的群星
8．hang low 低垂
9．a shooting star 流星
10．color the sky a smoky grey 把天空染成烟灰色
11．a deep shade of blue 深蓝色
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．闪闪发光的星星点缀着天空。
The sky was dotted with sparkling stars．
2．海滩沐浴在琥珀般的阳光下。
The beach was bathed in the amber like sunshine．
3．雨后，一道彩虹横跨天空，其颜色在渐渐消散的云层中格外明亮。
A rainbow arched across the sky after the rain, its colors bright against the fading clouds．
4．明亮的月光照亮通往河流的路径，指引我们穿过静谧的夜晚。
The path to the river was lighted up by bright moonlight, guiding our steps through the quiet night．
5．风吹动着沙丘顶上的沙粒，阳光猛烈而耀眼地照射着，天空是我以前从未见过的深蓝色。
The wind was blowing grains of sand from the tops of the dunes, the sun was beating down hard and bright, and the sky was a deep shade of blue that I had never seen before. (译林版选必三U1)
任务2 语段表达
On a clear night, Jamie and her brother Alex lay on the grass, 1.gazing up at the sky (仰望天空), with the sun just setting. As twilight (黄昏) deepened, 2.the first stars appeared (群星初现), twinkling softly. The moon 3.hung low (低垂), casting a silvery light that made the dew (露珠) on the grass sparkle. They watched as 4.a shooting star(一颗流星) dashed across the heavens, making silent wishes. This magical evening under the starry sky was a reminder of the vast, beautiful universe they were part of.
————基础默测—————
默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．fiction n. 小说；虚构的事
2．bonus n. 意外收获；奖金；红利
3．ridiculous adj. 愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的
4．absurd adj. 荒谬的；荒唐的
5．inaction n. 无行动；不采取措施
6．rumour n. 谣言；传闻
7．fare n. 车费；船费；飞机票价
8．venue n. 活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)
9．blurred adj. 模糊不清的；难以区分的
10．grip vt. & vi. 紧握；抓紧
11．jolt n. 震动；摇晃；颠簸 vt. & vi. (使)震动；摇晃
12．flip vt. & vi. (使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛
13．overstatement n. 夸大；夸张
二、核心单词写得准
1．salary n. 薪水；薪金
2．stun vt. 使震惊，使昏迷
3．weekly adj. 每周的 n. 周刊
4．labour n. 劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi. 奋斗；努力工作
5．fetch vt. (去)拿来；(去)请来
6．pace n. 速度；步伐；节奏 vt. & vi. 确定速度；调整节奏
7．random adj. 随机的；不可思议的
8．maximum adj. 最大极限的 n. 最大量；最大限度
9．chairwoman n. 女主席；女董事长；女委员长
三、拓展单词通变化
1．appoint vt. 任命；委派；指定；约定→appointed adj. 指定的→appointment n. 预约；约会；委任
2．guilt n. 内疚；罪行；罪过→guilty adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
3．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除→dismissal n. 解雇；免职
4．declare vt. 表明；宣称；公布→declaration n. 宣称；声明
5．superior adj. 更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的→superiority n. 优势；优越(性)
6．calculate vt. 计算；核算；预测→calculator n. 计算器→calculation n. 计算
7．divide v. 分开；分散；分配；分享→division n. 分开；分隔；差异；除(法)
8．urge n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 vt. 催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的→urgency n. 紧急；紧急的事→urgently adv. 迫切地；紧急地
9．explode vi. & vt. 爆炸；爆破→explosion n. 爆炸；(感情)突然爆发；激增→explosive adj.易爆炸的；猛增的
四、重点词块明搭配
1．test out 检验；测试
2．more like 更像是；更接近
3．on a…basis 根据；以……的方式(基准)
4．pros and cons 事物的利与弊；支持与反对
5．superior to 比……更好；更胜一筹
6．take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
7．accompany her to the shop 陪同她去商店
8．draw a breath 吸一口气
9．at maximum speed 以最高速度
10. take sb. in one's arms 把某人拥入怀中
五、教材佳句会运用
1．他看起来更像一个人，而不是一台机器。(more…than…)
He seemed more like a human than a machine．
2．克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬，但她逐渐欣赏他的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。(it be＋形容词＋that从句)
Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
3．她转过身来，格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那里。(“状语＋谓语＋主语”式的完全倒装结构)
As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.
4．他建议她邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友到家里来，时间就定在他离开和拉里回来之前的那个晚上。[suggest that sb.(should) do sth.]
He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.
5．太阳和月亮看起来好像是正被抛向天空……(as if引导表语从句)
The sun and moon looked as if they were being thrown across the sky…
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2024·全国甲卷)Many cats will find random (随机的) objects outside and bring them to their owners.
2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)I chose a five star hotel owned by Rochester as the venue (活动场所).
3．The union has dropped its earlier insistence that workers should receive bonus (奖金) payments.
4．In the practice, we can experience the value of labour (劳动) and expose ourselves to a wide range of practical skills.
5．Though born and brought up in a small village, my mother has been a person whose elegance, dignity (尊严) and devotion have a deep influence on me.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2023·浙江1月卷)The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group.
2．The cost of the damage caused by the recent storms has been calculated (calculate) at over ￡5 million.
3．The technical accomplishment of Renaissance Europe was superior to those achieved by any other civilization.
4．I was about to tell you that I would have an appointment with my dentist at 9：00 o'clock tomorrow.
5．Knowing that an increasing number of animals were endangered, scientists and researchers were alarmed (alarm)．
Ⅲ.选词填空
have an urge to; experiment with; take over; conflict with; fall away
1．(2024·浙江1月卷)This unbeatable price point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying.
2．My brother has had an urge to enter a good university since he entered senior high school.
3．As she looked at him, the years fell away, and she saw him again as a young boy.
4．The fact is that the statement of the witness conflicts with evidence presented by lawyers.
5．There are rumours that a German firm is bidding to take over the shoe factory.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．我们的老师建议我们坐下来为学习中的问题拟定一个实际的解决办法。[suggest that sb.(should) do sth.]
Our teacher suggested that we (should) sit down to work out a practical solution to our problems in study.
2．在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树，据说已经有150年了。(完全倒装)
In front of the cave, there stands/grows a tall pine tree, which is said to be 150 years old.
3．这本书与其说是一本语法书，倒不如说是一本词典。(more…than…)
The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar book．
4．你提前两小时到达机场是有必要的。(it 作形式主语)
It is necessary that you should arrive at the airport two hours in advance.
5．当她从暴风雨中走进来时，她看起来像穿着衣服洗了个淋浴。(as if)
When she came in from the rainstorm, she looked as if she had taken a shower with her clothes on．
课时作业32
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2024·湖北武汉重点中学5G联合体高三联考)
Fully self driving cars, despite the claims of some companies, aren't exactly ready to hit the roads anytime soon. There's even a solid case to be made that completely autonomous vehicles (AVs) will never take over everyday travel. Regardless, some urban planners are already looking into ensuring how such a future could be as safe and efficient. According to a team at North Carolina State University, one solution may be changing the more than century old design of traffic signals.
The ubiquity (普遍性) of stop lights' Red Yellow Green phases isn't just coincidence (巧合). Dating back to 1931, this has served drivers pretty well since then, but the NC State team argues AVs could eventually create the opportunity for better road conditions. Or, at the very least, could benefit from some basic adjustments.
Last year, researchers led by environmental engineering associate professor Ali Hajbabaie created a computer model for city commuting (通勤) patterns which indicated everyday driving could one day actually improve from a sizable pour of AVs. By sharing their massive amounts of real time sensor information with one another, Hajbabaie and colleagues believe these vehicles could in theory coordinate (使协调) far beyond simple crossroads changes to adjust variables like speed and break times.
To further make the best use of these benefits, they put forward the introduction of a fourth, “white” light to traffic signals. In this model, the “white” phase activates (激活) whenever enough interconnected AVs approach a crossroad. Once lit, the phase indicates nearby drivers should simply follow the car (AV or human) in front of them, instead of trying to anticipate something like a yellow light's transition time to red. Additionally, such inter connectivity could communicate with traffic signal systems to determine when it is best for “Walk” and “Do Not Walk” pedestrian (行人) signals. Based on their modelling, it appeared that such a change could reduce crossroads jam by at least 40 percent compared to current traffic system optimization software. In doing so, this could improve overall travel times, fuel efficiency, and safety.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自动驾驶汽车(AVs)的现状以及未来可能的发展趋势，并提出了改变交通信号灯设计以提高交通效率和安全性的建议。
1．What can we learn about completely autonomous vehicles (AVs)？( D )
A．They have settled traffic jam problems.
B．They have become popular in urban areas.
C．They will take the place of other vehicles.
D．They may not be widely used in the future.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“There's even a solid case to be made that completely autonomous vehicles (AVs) will never take over everyday travel.”可知，完全自动驾驶汽车可能在未来不会得到广泛应用。故选D项。
2．What does the “white” light do？( B )
A．It tells drivers to stop.
B．It helps drivers avoid traffic jams.
C.It allows drivers to go through crossroads faster.
D．It makes it easier for pedestrians to cross the street.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，为了进一步充分利用这些好处，他们提出在交通信号中引入第四种“白色”灯。在这个模型中，只要有足够多的相互连接的自动驾驶汽车接近十字路口，“白灯”阶段就会激活。再根据“Based on their modelling, it appeared that such a change could reduce crossroads jam by at least 40 percent compared to current traffic system optimization software.”可知，“白色”灯的作用是帮助减少交通拥堵，使驾驶员避免交通堵塞。故选B项。
3．What is the author's attitude towards the idea of a fourth “white” light？( D )
A．Neutral. B．Worried.
C．Doubtful. D．Supportive.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中对第四种“白色”灯的详细描述和“ In doing so, this could improve overall travel times, fuel efficiency, and safety.”可以推知，作者对引入第四种“白色”灯的想法是支持的。故选D项。
4．What is probably the text？( A )
A．A news report. B．A research paper.
C．A commercial ad. D．A science fiction.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Regardless, some urban planners are already looking into ensuring…one solution may be changing the more than century old design of traffic signals.”和下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了自动驾驶汽车的现状、未来发展趋势以及改变交通信号灯设计的建议，这些内容更符合新闻报道的特点，而不是研究论文、商业广告或科幻小说。故选A项。
(2025·重庆八中高三月考)
Starship Technologies originated in Estonia but is now based in San Francisco. The company employs dozens of six wheeled delivery robots on college campuses. Starship is also adding four new schools to its operational field: University of Illinois Chicago, University of Kentucky, University of Nevada, and Embry Riddle Aeronautical University.
Currently, the company operates on 20 college campuses in 15 states with a global fleet that totals 1，000 robots. This expansion will add 85 more robots to that fleet. Starship states that it has done over 1.5 million deliveries worldwide since its founding in 2014.The company has raised $102 million so far, including $17 million in fresh funding announced earlier this year.
Each robot in Starship is electric, has a box that can fit about 20 pounds of goods, and has a number of cameras to identify objects in the way and help guide it to its destination. The robots have a delivery area of three to four miles and can travel at a maximum speed of 4mph, which is obviously slower than a delivery by a human on a bike or in a car. And they can climb the edge of roads but not stairs, which may limit their appeal to customers who live in high rise buildings.
Delivery via robots is still relatively brave in the US. There are a handful of start ups operating delivery robots of varying sizes, everything from fully sized minivans like Udelv to robots that are almost similar to Starship's like Amazon and Yandex. Recently, Postmates has also invented a delivery robot called Serve that can carry 50 pounds of goods. There are even some newly produced robots like Nuro, which has made what can be best described as a mini robotic car, and others that fall somewhere in between. All claim to be automated, but some still require humans to follow their movements.
Demand for delivery robots has risen in the past several years, though it remains to be seen whether that will hold up as the economy reopens and fewer people rely on takeout from restaurants.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Starship Technologies公司的配送机器人业务，包括其在大学校园的运营情况以及机器人的特点，还介绍了配送机器人市场的现状和未来发展趋势。
5．What do we know about Starship Technologies from paragraph 1？( C )
A．It operates globally.
B．It employs university students as designers.
C．It is spreading its service on campuses.
D．It is diversifying into the field of scientific education.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Starship is also adding four new schools to its operational field: University of Illinois Chicago, University of Kentucky, University of Nevada, and Embry Riddle Aeronautical University.”可知，Starship Technologies正在扩展其在校园中的服务。故选C项。
6．Why do people in high rise buildings show little interest in delivery robots？( C )
A．They are likely to get lost.
B．They work much slower than men.
C．They have difficulty going up stairs.
D．They are unable to identify customers.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“And they can climb the edge of roads but not stairs, which may limit their appeal to customers who live in high rise buildings.”可知，高层建筑里的人对配送机器人不感兴趣的原因是：它们上楼有困难。故选C项。
7．What does the underlined word “brave” probably mean in paragraph 4？( A )
A．New. B．Efficient.
C．Conventional. D．Courageous.
解析：词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Delivery via robots is still relatively brave in the US. There are a handful of start ups operating delivery robots of varying sizes, everything from fully sized minivans like Udelv to robots that are almost similar to Starship's like Amazon and Yandex.”可知，通过机器人进行配送在美国仍然是相对较新的尝试，有一些初创公司正在运营不同大小的配送机器人，由此可知，“brave”在此处意为“新的”。故选A项。
8．What's the author's attitude towards the future demand for delivery robots？( B )
A．Indifferent. B．Objective.
C．Skeptical. D．Worried.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Demand for delivery robots has risen in the past several years, though it remains to be seen whether that will hold up as the economy reopens and fewer people rely on takeout from restaurants.”可推知，作者很客观地看待人们对配送机器人行业的未来需求。故选B项。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2024·河北石家庄高三模拟)
17 year old Aarrav Anil, interested in robotics, has represented his country at more than 20 robotics competitions. Now, he has __1__ a smart spoon that can help people with Parkinson's disease preserve their __2__ in dining.
Aarrav didn't do this to win awards or honor; his__3__ for this spoon came from seeing his uncle who has such a disease __4__ to feed himself. Food kept falling off the spoon and flowing out of his mouth, so someone has to __5__ him. The youth decided to help his uncle.
Not everything went__6__ during the development. For example, he failed to __7__ some special electronic parts in his country and had to import them from other countries. In the end, Aarrav made the first __8__ successfully. But the handle was so slippery that it was __9__ for his uncle. Now the original design has __10__ a few changes. “I've been fine tuning the version based on users' feedback. It needs to be __11__ so that it can be washed without damaging all the electronics inside. And the spoon needs to be __12__ to hold more food，” Aarrav said.
While similar products have already __13__ the market, their cost is too high for most people. Aarrav's smart spoon can be a help in __14__ the price. His hope is that everyone with Parkinson's will have a __15__ to use it to eat by themselves.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了17岁的Aarrav Anil对机器人充满兴趣，因为见到叔叔患有帕金森氏症而无法独立进食的困境，他发明了一个可以帮助这类患者用餐的智能勺子。虽然在开发过程中遇到了一些问题，但通过用户反馈进行微调，他最终成功制造了适合患者使用的勺子。
1．( C )A.discovered B．recommended
C．invented D．advocated
解析：根据第三段叙述的Aarrav设计勺子的模型，进行各种微调可知，他发明了这种智能勺子。故选C。 discover发现； recommend推荐； invent发明； advocate提倡。
2．( B )A.curiosity B．independence
C．appetite D．strength
解析：根据下文“His hope is that everyone with Parkinson's will have a __15__ to use it to eat by themselves.”可知，Aarrav希望患者可以用这种勺子自己吃饭，也就是帮助患者在用餐时保持独立。故选B。curiosity好奇心； independence独立； appetite食欲； strength力量。
3．( C )A.admiration B．fancy
C．motivation D．design
解析：根据上文“Aarrav didn't do this to win awards or honor”可知，此处是介绍Aarrav发明这种勺子的动机不是为了赢得奖励或荣誉，而是为了帮助自己的叔叔。故选C。admiration赞赏； fancy幻想； motivation动机； design设计。
4．( D )A.hesitating B．preferring
C．refusing D．struggling
解析：根据下文“Food kept falling off the spoon and flowing out of his mouth”可知，在Aarrav的叔叔吃饭时，食物总是从勺子上掉下来，从他嘴里流出来，因此是挣扎着喂自己吃饭。故选D。hesitating犹豫； preferring更喜欢； refusing拒绝； struggling挣扎。
5．( A )A.nurse B．inspire
C．persuade D．remind
解析：根据上文“Food kept falling off the spoon and flowing out of his mouth”可知，食物总是从勺子上掉下来，从Aarrav的叔叔的嘴里流出来，因此必须有人照顾患有帕金森氏症的他。故选A。nurse照料； inspire激励； persuade说服； remind提醒。
6．( D )A.precisely B．quickly
C．separately D．smoothly
解析：下文“For example, he failed to __7__ some special electronic parts in his country and had to import them from other countries.”举例说明Aarrav在发明的过程中遇到了一些困难，由此可知并非所有事情都进展顺利。故选D。precisely精确地； quickly快速地； separately分开地； smoothly顺利地。
7．( A )A.find B．identify
C．upgrade D．reshape
解析：根据下文“had to import them from other countries”可知，Aarrav不得不从其他国家进口特殊的电子零件，因此是在自己的国家没有找到这些零件。故选A。find找到； identify辨认； upgrade升级； reshape重塑。
8．( C )A.exposure B．step
C．model D．submission
解析：根据下文“I've been fine tuning the version based on users' feedback.”可知，Aarrav一直在根据用户的反馈对发明出的第一版勺子进行微调，因此是制造了第一个模型。故选C。exposure曝光； step步骤； model模型； submission提交。
9．( A )A.unsuitable B．unequal
C．unqualified D．unhealthy
解析：根据上文“the handle was so slippery”可知，勺柄太滑了，因此是不适合患有帕金森氏症的叔叔。故选A。unsuitable不适合的； unequal不平等的； unqualified不合格的； unhealthy不健康的。
10．( B )A.taken in B．gone through
C．made for D．turned down
解析：根据下文“I've been fine tuning the version based on users' feedback.”可知，Aarrav一直在根据用户的反馈对发明出的第一版勺子进行微调，因此原来的设计是经过了一些修改。故选B。take in吸收； go through经历； make for促成； turn down拒绝。
11．( C )A.drop proof B．trouble free
C．water resistant D．weather worn
解析：根据下文“so that it can be washed without damaging all the electronics inside”可知，这款勺子需要防水，这样在清洗时不会损坏里面所有的电子设备。故选C。drop proof防摔的； trouble free无障碍的； water resistant防水的； weather worn风化的。
12．( D )A.thinner B．flatter
C．firmer D．deeper
解析：根据下文“to hold more food”可知，这款勺子需要满足盛下更多的食物的条件，因此是需要深一些。故选D。thinner更薄的； flatter更平的； firmer更坚固的； deeper更深的。
13．( B )A.cornered B．entered
C．determined D．enriched
解析：根据上文“similar products”和下文“the market, their cost is too high for most people”可推知，此处指类似的勺子已经进入市场，但存在成本太高的问题，从而衬托Aarrav的发明的优势。故选B。corner垄断； enter进入； determine决定； enrich丰富。
14．( D )A.setting B．negotiating
C．assessing D．lowering
解析：根据上文“their cost is too high for most people”可知，市场上类似产品的成本过高，由此推知，此处指Aarrav的智能勺子可以帮助降低价格。故选D。set设置； negotiate协商； assess评估； lower降低。
15．( B )A.right B．chance
C．mind D．desire
解析：根据Aarrav发明出一款智能勺子，以帮助帕金森氏症患者用餐的情境，以及下文“to use it to eat by themselves”可推知，此处指他希望这款产品可以为这些患者提供自己吃饭的机会。故选B。right权利； chance机会； mind头脑； desire渴望。(共90张PPT)
简洁
实用
高效
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
RJ英语
选择性必修第四册
内容索引
词汇复现 语境串记
高效课堂 考点突破
多维演练 素养提升
第一部分
第二部分
第三部分
重难考点
拾遗考点
A
B
课时作业32
第五部分
基础默测
第四部分
默写达标
基础检测
A
B
词汇复现 语境串记
第
分
部
一
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
An increasing number of people like science fiction. Satisfaction Guaranteed is such a short sci－fi novel about a robot called Tony, which was going to be 1.tested out by Claire.Claire thought Tony looked 2.more like a human than a machine, because Tony treated Claire with dignity and integrity. Besides, he helped Claire with her 3.appointment and the preparation for a party.When everything got prepared, Claire dismissed Tony.However, he 4.declared that he had fallen in love with her and then disappeared from sight.Claire felt more than 5.guilty.
Presuming that you have a chance to get a time machine, you may have an 6.urge to take over the world.But have you ever taken all the pros and cons into consideration？You can travel to a special period at maximum speed to enjoy stunning experiences.However, it turns out that there is a 7.division between the past and the present.You can't 8.calculate what will happen next and decide whether a dream is superior to reality.But as long as the time machine doesn't explode, you will have random potential.
declare；calculate；appoint；divide；guilty；urge；more like；test out
tested out
more like
appointment
declared
guilty
urge
division
calculate
高效课堂 考点突破
第
分
部
二
1 guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的(→guilt n．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty (guilt) being a rich man without doing anything.
②He felt guilty for/about being late for the important appointment, so he quickened his pace to rush there.
重难考点
guilty
for/about
[能力提升]——一句多译
③“我为欺骗了我深爱的祖母而感到内疚，”她喃喃自语，内疚的泪水顺着她的脸颊流了下来。
→“I've been guilty for cheating my beloved grandmother，”she murmured, and tears of guilt flowed down her cheeks．(并列句)
→“I've been guilty for cheating my beloved grandmother，”she murmured, tears of guilt flowing down her cheeks．(独立主格结构)
I've been guilty for cheating my beloved grandmother
and tears
of guilt flowed down her cheeks
I've been guilty for cheating my beloved grandmother
tears of
guilt flowing down her cheeks
(1)be guilty of 犯有……罪
be/feel guilty about/for (doing) sth.
对/为(做)某事感到内疚/有愧
(2)a sense of guilt 愧疚感
out of guilt 出于愧疚
[语料积累] ①be overwhelmed by a deep sense of guilt
被深深的负罪感所淹没
②The mother felt guilty and upset, sadness chocking her words.(心理描写)
这位母亲感到又内疚又难过，悲伤得说不出话来。
2 declare vt. 公布；宣布；宣告；表明；宣称；断言(→declaration n．公告，宣
言；表白；声明)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The chairwoman proposed dismissing the plan，but the majority declared against her proposal.
②The president announced that the country would declare war on its neighboring country.
③The lender requires you to make a declaration (declare) that your income is sufficient to meet your monthly payments.
against
on
declaration
[能力提升]——微写作
④仪式一宣布开始，我校全体学生就欢呼起来了。
The instant the ceremony was declared open, all the students in our school burst into cheers.(活动报道)
⑤我也意识到我在这里的目的，那就是宣布一个决定——在大学里选择一个更优秀的专业。
I am also aware of my purpose here, which is to declare a decision —choose a superior major in college.
The instant the ceremony was declared open,
which is to declare a decision
declare sth.to sb. 向某人表明……
declare sb./sth.to be/as 宣布……为……
declare for/against… 声明表示支持/反对……
declare war on 对……宣战
declare…open/closed 宣布……开始/结束
[语料积累] ①Hardly had we declared the Coming－of－Age ceremony open when the rain began to pour down.(情景描写)
我们刚宣布成人仪式开始，天就下起了倾盆大雨。
②When the teacher declared me to be the winner of the English Speech Contest, I was surprised and pleased.(心理描写)
当老师宣布我是这次英语演讲比赛的获胜者时，我又惊又喜。
3 superior adj. 更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的 n．上级，上司
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①(译林版选必四U3)In a successful，stable and productive society，all jobs are equally important and no one is superior to another.
②He was valued by both his peers and his superiors (superior)．
③I want the best—I don't want some inferior (superior) model that's going to break down the first time I use it.
[能力提升]——微写作
④我正在申请成为贵机构的志愿者，并且相信我的技能和经验使我成为优秀的候选人。
I am applying to be a volunteer at your organization and believe that my skills and experience make me a superior candidate．(申请信/求职信)
to
superiors
inferior
my skills and
experience make me a superior candidate
be superior to 比……更好，更胜一筹
be senior to sb. 比某人年长/职位高
be junior to sb. 比某人年龄小/职位低
be inferior to sb./sth. 比……差/级别低
be equal to 和……相当；等同于；能胜任
be prior to 在……之前
[语料积累] ①be inferior to its competitors in…
在某方面不如它的竞争对手
②All the arrangements should be completed prior to your departure.(建议信)
在你出发之前，应该做好所有的安排。
③I believe he is equal to the task and can complete it successfully.(推荐信)
我相信他能胜任这项任务并成功完成它。
4 urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐(→urgent adj.紧急的；
急迫的→urgency n.紧急；急迫)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Parents should actively urge their children to grip (grip) every opportunity to join sports teams.
②It is declared that the earthquake victims are in urgent (urge) need of medical supplies.
③Despite the crisis, there appeared to be no sense of urgency (urgent)．
④I had an urge to pick (pick) a random book from the shelf, so I fetched a stool to reach the higher ones.
to grip
urgent
urgency
to pick
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)为了更好地保护海洋，我们必须敦促更多的人去反思他们不合适的行为，并且做出改变。
To protect oceans better, we must urge more people to reflect on their own improper behavior and make changes．(倡议书)
we must urge more people to reflect on their own improper
behavior and make changes
(1)have an urge to do sth. 有强烈的欲望做某事
(2)urge sb.to do sth. 力劝某人做某事；怂恿某人做某事
urge that sb.(should) do sth. 主张/力劝某人做某事
It is/was urged that sb.(should) do sth. 极力主张某人做某事
[语料积累] ①have/feel an urge to speak fluent English
渴望说一口流利的英语
②I was embarrassed, but I fought the urge to run off the stage.(情感描写)
我感到很尴尬，但我抑制住了想跑下台的冲动。
[名师指津] urge后跟从句时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，即“(should)do”形式。
类似用法的动词还有：insist(坚决要求)，order，command，advise，suggest(建议)，recommend，request，require，demand等。
5 turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是；生产
[基础检测]——用turn的相关短语填空
①All the candidates must turn in the application forms and relevant materials before the deadline.
②You had better turn up in time or a few minutes earlier than the appointed time.
③Keep in mind that you must turn out the lamp in your room when you leave.
④She turned down a higher salary offer as she liked the company culture here.
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤我写这封信是为了表达我对你们在学校英语戏剧节上的热心帮助的诚挚感谢，这次活动取得了惊人的成功。
I'm writing to express my sincere gratitude for your kind help in the School English Drama Festival, which has turned out to be an amazing success．(感谢信)
turn in
turn up
turn out
turned down
which has turned out to be an amazing success
(1)as it turned out 结果证明
It turned out that… 事实证明；结果是……
(2)turn away 把……拒之门外
turn against 背叛；反对
turn in 上交；提交
turn on/off 打开/关掉
turn up 出现；调大(音量)
turn down 拒绝；调小(音量)
turn to 转向；求助于
[语料积累] ①have no choice but to turn to a random direction
别无选择，只能随机朝一个方向走
②It turned out that her fears were unfounded, and everything went smoothly.(情节描写)
事实证明，她的担心是多余的，一切都进行得很顺利。
6 句型公式：more…than… 与其说……，倒不如说……
(教材原句)He seemed more like a human than a machine.
他看起来更像一个人，而不是一台机器。
[基础检测]——写出下列句子中more than的汉语意思
①She bought more than ten handkerchiefs and two pairs of leather shoes at a time，which made her mother explode with anger.多于；超过
②I am more than glad to help you analyze the pros and cons of the choice you have made.非常
③The chairwoman is more than our leader；she is also our friend.不仅仅
④Having performed perfectly in the store，the saleswoman is more hard－working than clever.与其说……，例不如说……
多于；超过
非常
不仅仅
与其说……，例不如说……
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤正如我们所知，弗朗西斯·培根与其说是一位杰出的科学家，不如说是一位伟大的作家。
As we know, Francis Bacon was more a great writer than an outstanding scientist．(人物介绍)
was more a great writer than an outstanding scientist
(1)more than
①与数词连用，意为“超过；不止”，相当于over；
②与名词连用，意为“不只是；不仅仅”，相当于not only；
③与形容词、副词连用，意为“非常，很”，相当于highly，extremely，awfully，quite等。
(2)more than one意为“不止一个”，后接可数名词单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数。
[语料积累] ①This book is more than a story; it teaches us valuable lessons.(推荐信)
这本书不只是一个故事，它还教给我们宝贵的经验。
②She felt more excited than nervous before the big performance.(心理描写)
在大型演出前，她感到兴奋多于紧张。
拾遗考点
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．The salary of the salesman is calculated on a monthly basis, taking into account his sales performance and the number of customers he has served.
2．When the new chairwoman took over the company, she found that there was a lot of inaction in some departments.
3．The rumour that aliens would invade the earth conflicted with scientific facts and was completely ridiculous．
4．The new science fiction movie was tested out in several selected venues before its official release.
5．The lights in the room turned out suddenly, and in the hazy darkness, I could only grip my handkerchief tightly.
on a monthly basis,
took over
conflicted with
was tested out
turned out
1．test out 检验；测试
2．on a monthly basis 按月结算
3．take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
4．conflict with 与……冲突或抵触
5．turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
6．fall away (逐渐)减少；消失
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——后缀 y
后缀 y 表示“充满……的；有……特性的；有……倾向的”。例如本单元中的单词：guilty(adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的)是由名词guilt(罪行，内疚)＋后缀 y转化而来。后缀 y的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．The greedy child wanted all the candy for himself and didn't want to share with anyone else. adj. 贪心的
2．The sky was cloudy this morning, but by noon, the sun had come out and brightened the day. adj. 多云的
3．The road was misty early in the morning, making it difficult to drive without headlights. adj. 雾蒙蒙的
4．After driving on the dusty road, the car was covered in dirt and needed a thorough wash. adj. 尘土飞扬的
5．Her room was so messy that it took hours to clean up all the clothes and books scattered everywhere. adj. 乱七八糟的
adj. 贪心的
adj. 多云的
adj. 雾蒙蒙的
adj. 尘土飞扬的
adj. 乱七八糟的
多维演练 素养提升
第
分
部
三
板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．dismiss
(1)Just dismiss those thoughts from your mind—they're crazy and not worth thinking about.D
(2)He has been dismissed from his job for incompetence.A
(3)The professor dismissed the class early because she had a meeting.C
(4)The case was dismissed．E
(5)Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can't forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren't for casual conversation.B
A.v.使免职，将……解职，解雇 B．v.不予考虑；摒弃；对……不屑一提 C．v.遣散；解散 D．v.去除，消除，摒除(思想、感情等) E．v.驳回，不受理
D
A
C
E
B
2．explode
(1)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.D
(2) “Of course there's something wrong！” Jem exploded．A
(3)The population explodes to 40，000 during the tourist season.B
(4)After ten minutes the game exploded into life.C
A.v.大发雷霆 B．v.激增 C．v.突然活跃起来 D．v.爆破；爆炸
D
A
B
C
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．(2023· 浙江1月卷)Sitting on a branch，he inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive.
v. 谨慎移动
[点拨]inch(熟义) n. 英寸。此处用作动词，意为 “谨慎移动”，描述了这个人缓慢、小心翼翼地移动的动作。
2．(2022·浙江1月卷)The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there's a new bonus to add to the ever－growing list.
n. 意外收获
[点拨]bonus(熟义) n. 奖金；红利。此处意为“意外收获”。
v. 谨慎移动
n. 意外收获
3．(2019·天津卷)She calculated that going to a stranger's house was a risky move，but she decided to take the chance.
v. 预测；推测
[点拨]calculate (熟义) v. 计算；核算。此处意为“预测；推测”，与estimate同义。
4．She stood up and began to pace up and down．
走来走去
[点拨]pace(熟义)n.速度；步伐；节奏 v．踱步。“up and down” 表示 “来回；上下”，用来修饰 “pace”，强调行走的方式是在一定范围内往返移动。“pace up and down” 这个短语形象地描绘出一个人在某个地方不停地走来走去的状态。
v. 预测；推测
走来走去
5．Three hours after the explosion, rescue teams were still labouring to free those trapped.
v. 努力工作
[点拨]labour (熟义)n.劳动(者)；体力劳动。此处用作动词，意为“努力工作”。
v. 努力工作
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配/单元语法(复习被动语态)
1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)He chatted with Susan for 30 minutes before keeping his appointment (appoint) with the manager.
2．(2024·浙江1月卷)The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly (week) schedule, just like what you would do with in－person courses.
3．Many children are attracted by the fictional (fiction) characters in the animated film.
4．The declaration (declare) of the winner will be made at the end of the competition.
5．After pros and cons of moving to a new city were calculated (calculate) thoroughly, they finally made the decision.
6．Our products are superior in quality to those of our competitors.
7．Whereas, the rumour turned out to be ridiculous.
appointment
weekly
fictional
declaration
were calculated
to
out
8．The boy shows no sympathy for other students and often conflicts with them.
9．The purpose of this meeting is to discuss the division (divide) of labor among departments.
10．They evaluate the performance of each student on an individual basis.
with
division
on
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．(2024·全国甲卷书面表达)共享单车与其说是城市里的一种流行选择，倒不如说是现代城市出行解决方案的象征，因为它们提供了一种环保且经济的短途出行方式。(more…than…)
Shared bicycles are more like a symbol of modern urban mobility solutions than merely a popular choice in cities, as they provide an eco－friendly and cost－effective way to travel short distances．
2．(2024·新课标卷应用文写作)令人惊奇的是，被大自然环绕竟然能激发我的创造力，还能让我从学校生活中获得如此美妙的休息。(it be＋形容词＋that从句)
It was amazing that being surrounded by nature could spark my creativity and offer such a wonderful break from school life．
Shared bicycles are more like a symbol of modern urban mobility solutions than merely a popular choice in cities, as they provide an eco－friendly and cost－effective way to travel short distances．
It was amazing that being surrounded by nature could spark my creativity and offer such a wonderful break from school life．
3．公园中央有一个美丽的湖泊，周围环绕着郁郁葱葱的树木和五颜六色的花朵。(“状语＋谓语＋主语”式的完全倒装结构)
In the center of the park lies a beautiful lake, surrounded by lush trees and colorful flowers．
4．(2024·新课标卷应用文写作)我画画的时候感觉仿佛有一种深深的宁静感在我心中流淌。(as if引导表语从句)
I felt as if a deep sense of peace was flowing through me as I painted．
5．Since you may be tired of sitting in class all day, I suggest that you should incorporate some physical activity into your daily routine.
→Considering you may be tired of sitting in class all day, I suggest that you should incorporate some physical activity into your daily routine．(用非谓语作状语升级)
In the center of the park lies a beautiful lake, surrounded by lush trees and colorful flowers．
I felt as if a deep sense of peace was flowing through me as I painted．
Considering you may be tired of sitting in class all day, I suggest that you should incorporate some physical activity into your daily routine
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
《流浪地球》(The Wandering Earth)改编自雨果奖(Hugo Award)获奖作家刘慈欣的同名小说，是由郭帆(Frant Gwo)导演，吴京(Jason Wu)主演的一部科幻电影。该电影自上映以来就收到大量好评。请介绍并评论这部电影。内容包括：
1．简要介绍该影片；
2．观看感受；
3．推荐观看。
I am more than glad to introduce an excellent science fiction film named The Wandering Earth, which is 1.more a remarkable cinematic achievement than just an ordinary film (与其说是一部普通影片，不如说是一项非凡的电影成就；more…than…).2.It is astonishing that it has gained such popularity since its release (令人惊讶的是，自上映以来它就获得了如此高的人气；it be＋形容词＋that从句)．Directed by Frant Gwo and starring Jason Wu, it 3.is adapted from the novel by Liu Cixin (改编自刘慈欣的小说；被动语态)．Faced with the solar crisis, the Earth is being saved by the joint efforts of the Chinese government and scientists.4.So grand and exciting are the scenes that it seems as if you were experiencing the events in person (场景如此宏大和激动人心，以至于仿佛你正在亲身经历这些事件；倒装结构；as if引导表语从句)．
5．I strongly suggest that you (should) go to see this film personally [我强烈建议你亲自去看这部影片；suggest that…(should) do sth.], for it is truly a one－of－a－kind science fiction epic that will surely leave you in awe.
more a remarkable cinematic achievement than just an ordinary film
It is astonishing
that it has gained such popularity since its release
is adapted from the novel by Liu Cixin
So grand and exciting are the scenes that it seems as if you were experiencing the
events in person
I strongly suggest that you (should) go to see this film personally
维度二 读后续写微技能32——日、月、星、空等自然环境描写
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
1．bright moonlight 明亮的月光
2．across the sky 横跨天空
3．gaze up at 仰望
4．be bathed in 沐浴在
5．be dotted with 点缀着
6．the starry sky 繁星点点的天空
7．the first stars 初现的群星
8．hang low 低垂
9．a shooting star 流星
10．color the sky a smoky grey 把天空染成烟灰色
11．a deep shade of blue 深蓝色
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．闪闪发光的星星点缀着天空。
The sky was dotted with sparkling stars．
2．海滩沐浴在琥珀般的阳光下。
The beach was bathed in the amber like sunshine．
3．雨后，一道彩虹横跨天空，其颜色在渐渐消散的云层中格外明亮。
A rainbow arched across the sky after the rain, its colors bright against the fading clouds．
4．明亮的月光照亮通往河流的路径，指引我们穿过静谧的夜晚。
The path to the river was lighted up by bright moonlight, guiding our steps through the quiet night．
was dotted with
was bathed in
across the sky
bright moonlight,
5．风吹动着沙丘顶上的沙粒，阳光猛烈而耀眼地照射着，天空是我以前从未见过的深蓝色。
The wind was blowing grains of sand from the tops of the dunes, the sun was beating down hard and bright, and the sky was a deep shade of blue that I had never seen before. (译林版选必三U1)
a deep shade of blue
任务2 语段表达
On a clear night, Jamie and her brother Alex lay on the grass, 1.gazing up at the sky (仰望天空), with the sun just setting. As twilight (黄昏) deepened, 2.the first stars appeared (群星初现), twinkling softly. The moon 3.hung low (低垂), casting a silvery light that made the dew (露珠) on the grass sparkle. They watched as 4.a shooting star(一颗流星) dashed across the heavens, making silent wishes. This magical evening under the starry sky was a reminder of the vast, beautiful universe they were part of.
gazing up at the sky
the first stars appeared
hung low
a shooting star
基础默测
第
分
部
四
默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．fiction n. 小说；虚构的事
2．bonus n. 意外收获；奖金；红利
3．ridiculous adj. 愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的
4．absurd adj. 荒谬的；荒唐的
5．inaction n. 无行动；不采取措施
6．rumour n. 谣言；传闻
7．fare n. 车费；船费；飞机票价
8．venue n. 活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)
小说；虚构的事
意外收获；奖金；红利
愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的
荒谬的；荒唐的
无行动；不采取措施
谣言；传闻
车费；船费；飞机票价
活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)
9．blurred adj. 模糊不清的；难以区分的
10．grip vt. & vi. 紧握；抓紧
11．jolt n. 震动；摇晃；颠簸 vt. & vi. (使)震动；摇晃
12．flip vt. & vi. (使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛
13．overstatement n. 夸大；夸张
模糊不清的；难以区分的
紧握；抓紧
震动；摇晃；颠簸
(使)震动；摇晃
(使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛
夸大；夸张
二、核心单词写得准
1．salary n. 薪水；薪金
2．stun vt. 使震惊，使昏迷
3．weekly adj. 每周的 n. 周刊
4．labour n. 劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi. 奋斗；努力工作
5．fetch vt. (去)拿来；(去)请来
6．pace n. 速度；步伐；节奏 vt. & vi. 确定速度；调整节奏
7．random adj. 随机的；不可思议的
8．maximum adj. 最大极限的 n. 最大量；最大限度
9．chairwoman n. 女主席；女董事长；女委员长
salary
stun
weekly
labour
fetch
pace
random
maximum
chairwoman
三、拓展单词通变化
1．appoint vt. 任命；委派；指定；约定→appointed adj. 指定的→appointment n. 预约；约会；委任
2．guilt n. 内疚；罪行；罪过→guilty adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
3．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除→dismissal n. 解雇；免职
4．declare vt. 表明；宣称；公布→declaration n. 宣称；声明
5．superior adj. 更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的→superiority n. 优势；优越(性)
6．calculate vt. 计算；核算；预测→calculator n. 计算器→calculation n. 计算
7．divide v. 分开；分散；分配；分享→division n. 分开；分隔；差异；除(法)
appoint
appointed
appointment
guilt
guilty
dismiss
dismissal
declare
declaration
superior
superiority
calculate
calculator
calculation
divide
division
8．urge n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 vt. 催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的→urgency n. 紧急；紧急的事→urgently adv. 迫切地；紧急地
9．explode vi. & vt. 爆炸；爆破→explosion n. 爆炸；(感情)突然爆发；激增→explosive adj.易爆炸的；猛增的
urge
urgent
urgency
urgently
explode
explosion
explosive
四、重点词块明搭配
1．test out 检验；测试
2．more like 更像是；更接近
3．on a…basis 根据；以……的方式(基准)
4．pros and cons 事物的利与弊；支持与反对
5．superior to 比……更好；更胜一筹
6．take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
7．accompany her to the shop 陪同她去商店
8．draw a breath 吸一口气
9．at maximum speed 以最高速度
10. take sb. in one's arms 把某人拥入怀中
test out
more like
on a…basis
pros and cons
superior to
占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
陪同她去商店
吸一口气
以最高速度
把某人拥入怀中
五、教材佳句会运用
1．他看起来更像一个人，而不是一台机器。(more…than…)
He seemed more like a human than a machine．
2．克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬，但她逐渐欣赏他的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。(it be＋形容词＋that从句)
Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
3．她转过身来，格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那里。(“状语＋谓语＋主语”式的完全倒装结构)
As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.
more like a human than a machine
it was ridiculous that
there stood
4．他建议她邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友到家里来，时间就定在他离开和拉里回来之前的那个晚上。[suggest that sb.(should) do sth.]
He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.
5．太阳和月亮看起来好像是正被抛向天空……(as if引导表语从句)
The sun and moon looked as if they were being thrown across the sky…
suggested that she invite
as if they were being thrown across the sky
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2024·全国甲卷)Many cats will find random (随机的) objects outside and bring them to their owners.
2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)I chose a five star hotel owned by Rochester as the venue (活动场所).
3．The union has dropped its earlier insistence that workers should receive bonus (奖金) payments.
4．In the practice, we can experience the value of labour (劳动) and expose ourselves to a wide range of practical skills.
5．Though born and brought up in a small village, my mother has been a person whose elegance, dignity (尊严) and devotion have a deep influence on me.
random
venue
bonus
labour
dignity
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2023·浙江1月卷)The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group.
2．The cost of the damage caused by the recent storms has been calculated (calculate) at over ￡5 million.
3．The technical accomplishment of Renaissance Europe was superior to those achieved by any other civilization.
4．I was about to tell you that I would have an appointment with my dentist at 9：00 o'clock tomorrow.
5．Knowing that an increasing number of animals were endangered, scientists and researchers were alarmed (alarm)．
into
has been calculated
to
with
were alarmed
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．(2024·浙江1月卷)This unbeatable price point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying.
2．My brother has had an urge to enter a good university since he entered senior high school.
3．As she looked at him, the years fell away, and she saw him again as a young boy.
4．The fact is that the statement of the witness conflicts with evidence presented by lawyers.
5．There are rumours that a German firm is bidding to take over the shoe factory.
have an urge to; experiment with; take over; conflict with; fall away
to experiment with
has had an urge to
fell away,
conflicts with
take over
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．我们的老师建议我们坐下来为学习中的问题拟定一个实际的解决办法。[suggest that sb.(should) do sth.]
Our teacher suggested that we (should) sit down to work out a practical solution to our problems in study.
2．在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树，据说已经有150年了。(完全倒装)
In front of the cave, there stands/grows a tall pine tree, which is said to be 150 years old.
3．这本书与其说是一本语法书，倒不如说是一本词典。(more…than…)
The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar book．
4．你提前两小时到达机场是有必要的。(it 作形式主语)
It is necessary that you should arrive at the airport two hours in advance.
5．当她从暴风雨中走进来时，她看起来像穿着衣服洗了个淋浴。(as if)
When she came in from the rainstorm, she looked as if she had taken a shower with her clothes on．
we (should) sit down to work out
there stands/grows a tall pine tree,
be more a dictionary than a grammar book
It is necessary that
as if she had taken a shower with her
clothes on
课时作业32
第
分
部
五
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2024·湖北武汉重点中学5G联合体高三联考)
Fully self driving cars, despite the claims of some companies, aren't exactly ready to hit the roads anytime soon. There's even a solid case to be made that completely autonomous vehicles (AVs) will never take over everyday travel. Regardless, some urban planners are already looking into ensuring how such a future could be as safe and efficient. According to a team at North Carolina State University, one solution may be changing the more than century old design of traffic signals.
The ubiquity (普遍性) of stop lights' Red Yellow Green phases isn't just coincidence (巧合). Dating back to 1931, this has served drivers pretty well since then, but the NC State team argues AVs could eventually create the opportunity for better road conditions. Or, at the very least, could benefit from some basic adjustments.
Last year, researchers led by environmental engineering associate professor Ali Hajbabaie created a computer model for city commuting (通勤) patterns which indicated everyday driving could one day actually improve from a sizable pour of AVs. By sharing their massive amounts of real time sensor information with one another, Hajbabaie and colleagues believe these vehicles could in theory coordinate (使协调) far beyond simple crossroads changes to adjust variables like speed and break times.
To further make the best use of these benefits, they put forward the introduction of a fourth, “white” light to traffic signals. In this model, the “white” phase activates (激活) whenever enough interconnected AVs approach a crossroad. Once lit, the phase indicates nearby drivers should simply follow the car (AV or human) in front of them, instead of trying to anticipate something like a yellow light's transition time to red. Additionally, such inter connectivity could communicate with traffic signal systems to determine when it is best for “Walk” and “Do Not Walk” pedestrian (行人) signals. Based on their modelling, it appeared that such a change could reduce crossroads jam by at least 40 percent compared to current traffic system optimization software. In doing so, this could improve overall travel times, fuel efficiency, and safety.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自动驾驶汽车(AVs)的现状以及未来可能的发展趋势，并提出了改变交通信号灯设计以提高交通效率和安全性的建议。
1．What can we learn about completely autonomous vehicles (AVs)？( )
A．They have settled traffic jam problems.
B．They have become popular in urban areas.
C．They will take the place of other vehicles.
D．They may not be widely used in the future.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“There's even a solid case to be made that completely autonomous vehicles (AVs) will never take over everyday travel.”可知，完全自动驾驶汽车可能在未来不会得到广泛应用。故选D项。
D
2．What does the “white” light do？( )
A．It tells drivers to stop.
B．It helps drivers avoid traffic jams.
C.It allows drivers to go through crossroads faster.
D．It makes it easier for pedestrians to cross the street.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，为了进一步充分利用这些好处，他们提出在交通信号中引入第四种“白色”灯。在这个模型中，只要有足够多的相互连接的自动驾驶汽车接近十字路口，“白灯”阶段就会激活。再根据“Based on their modelling, it appeared that such a change could reduce crossroads jam by at least 40 percent compared to current traffic system optimization software.”可知，“白色”灯的作用是帮助减少交通拥堵，使驾驶员避免交通堵塞。故选B项。
B
3．What is the author's attitude towards the idea of a fourth “white” light？( )
A．Neutral. B．Worried.
C．Doubtful. D．Supportive.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中对第四种“白色”灯的详细描述和“ In doing so, this could improve overall travel times, fuel efficiency, and safety.”可以推知，作者对引入第四种“白色”灯的想法是支持的。故选D项。
D
4．What is probably the text？( )
A．A news report. B．A research paper.
C．A commercial ad. D．A science fiction.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Regardless, some urban planners are already looking into ensuring…one solution may be changing the more than century old design of traffic signals.”和下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了自动驾驶汽车的现状、未来发展趋势以及改变交通信号灯设计的建议，这些内容更符合新闻报道的特点，而不是研究论文、商业广告或科幻小说。故选A项。
A
(2025·重庆八中高三月考)
Starship Technologies originated in Estonia but is now based in San Francisco. The company employs dozens of six wheeled delivery robots on college campuses. Starship is also adding four new schools to its operational field: University of Illinois Chicago, University of Kentucky, University of Nevada, and Embry Riddle Aeronautical University.
Currently, the company operates on 20 college campuses in 15 states with a global fleet that totals 1，000 robots. This expansion will add 85 more robots to that fleet. Starship states that it has done over 1.5 million deliveries worldwide since its founding in 2014.The company has raised $102 million so far, including $17 million in fresh funding announced earlier this year.
Each robot in Starship is electric, has a box that can fit about 20 pounds of goods, and has a number of cameras to identify objects in the way and help guide it to its destination. The robots have a delivery area of three to four miles and can travel at a maximum speed of 4mph, which is obviously slower than a delivery by a human on a bike or in a car. And they can climb the edge of roads but not stairs, which may limit their appeal to customers who live in high rise buildings.
Delivery via robots is still relatively brave in the US. There are a handful of start ups operating delivery robots of varying sizes, everything from fully sized minivans like Udelv to robots that are almost similar to Starship's like Amazon and Yandex. Recently, Postmates has also invented a delivery robot called Serve that can carry 50 pounds of goods. There are even some newly produced robots like Nuro, which has made what can be best described as a mini robotic car, and others that fall somewhere in between. All claim to be automated, but some still require humans to follow their movements.
Demand for delivery robots has risen in the past several years, though it remains to be seen whether that will hold up as the economy reopens and fewer people rely on takeout from restaurants.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Starship Technologies公司的配送机器人业务，包括其在大学校园的运营情况以及机器人的特点，还介绍了配送机器人市场的现状和未来发展趋势。
5．What do we know about Starship Technologies from paragraph 1？( )
A．It operates globally.
B．It employs university students as designers.
C．It is spreading its service on campuses.
D．It is diversifying into the field of scientific education.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Starship is also adding four new schools to its operational field: University of Illinois Chicago, University of Kentucky, University of Nevada, and Embry Riddle Aeronautical University.”可知，Starship Technologies正在扩展其在校园中的服务。故选C项。
C
6．Why do people in high rise buildings show little interest in delivery robots？( )
A．They are likely to get lost.
B．They work much slower than men.
C．They have difficulty going up stairs.
D．They are unable to identify customers.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“And they can climb the edge of roads but not stairs, which may limit their appeal to customers who live in high rise buildings.”可知，高层建筑里的人对配送机器人不感兴趣的原因是：它们上楼有困难。故选C项。
C
7．What does the underlined word “brave” probably mean in paragraph 4？( )
A．New. B．Efficient.
C．Conventional. D．Courageous.
解析：词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Delivery via robots is still relatively brave in the US. There are a handful of start ups operating delivery robots of varying sizes, everything from fully sized minivans like Udelv to robots that are almost similar to Starship's like Amazon and Yandex.”可知，通过机器人进行配送在美国仍然是相对较新的尝试，有一些初创公司正在运营不同大小的配送机器人，由此可知，“brave”在此处意为“新的”。故选A项。
A
B
8．What's the author's attitude towards the future demand for delivery robots？( )
A．Indifferent. B．Objective.
C．Skeptical. D．Worried.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Demand for delivery robots has risen in the past several years, though it remains to be seen whether that will hold up as the economy reopens and fewer people rely on takeout from restaurants.”可推知，作者很客观地看待人们对配送机器人行业的未来需求。故选B项。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2024·河北石家庄高三模拟)
17 year old Aarrav Anil, interested in robotics, has represented his country at more than 20 robotics competitions. Now, he has __1__ a smart spoon that can help people with Parkinson's disease preserve their __2__ in dining.
Aarrav didn't do this to win awards or honor; his__3__ for this spoon came from seeing his uncle who has such a disease __4__ to feed himself. Food kept falling off the spoon and flowing out of his mouth, so someone has to __5__ him. The youth decided to help his uncle.
文章总览
Not everything went__6__ during the development. For example, he failed to __7__ some special electronic parts in his country and had to import them from other countries. In the end, Aarrav made the first __8__ successfully. But the handle was so slippery that it was __9__ for his uncle. Now the original design has __10__ a few changes. “I've been fine tuning the version based on users' feedback. It needs to be __11__ so that it can be washed without damaging all the electronics inside. And the spoon needs to be __12__ to hold more food，” Aarrav said.
While similar products have already __13__ the market, their cost is too high for most people. Aarrav's smart spoon can be a help in __14__ the price. His hope is that everyone with Parkinson's will have a __15__ to use it to eat by themselves.
文章总览
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了17岁的Aarrav Anil对机器人充满兴趣，因为见到叔叔患有帕金森氏症而无法独立进食的困境，他发明了一个可以帮助这类患者用餐的智能勺子。虽然在开发过程中遇到了一些问题，但通过用户反馈进行微调，他最终成功制造了适合患者使用的勺子。
文章总览
17 year old Aarrav Anil, interested in robotics, has represented his country at more than 20 robotics competitions. Now, he has __1__ a smart spoon that can help people with Parkinson's disease preserve their __2__ in dining.
1．( )A.discovered B．recommended
C．invented D．advocated
解析：根据第三段叙述的Aarrav设计勺子的模型，进行各种微调可知，他发明了这种智能勺子。故选C。 discover发现； recommend推荐； invent发明； advocate提倡。
C
答案分析
17 year old Aarrav Anil, interested in robotics, has represented his country at more than 20 robotics competitions. Now, he has __1__ a smart spoon that can help people with Parkinson's disease preserve their __2__ in dining.
2．( )A.curiosity B．independence
C．appetite D．strength
解析：根据下文“His hope is that everyone with Parkinson's will have a __15__ to use it to eat by themselves.”可知，Aarrav希望患者可以用这种勺子自己吃饭，也就是帮助患者在用餐时保持独立。故选B。curiosity好奇心； independence独立； appetite食欲； strength力量。
B
答案分析
C
Aarrav didn't do this to win awards or honor; his__3__ for this spoon came from seeing his uncle who has such a disease __4__ to feed himself. Food kept falling off the spoon and flowing out of his mouth, so someone has to __5__ him. The youth decided to help his uncle.
3．( )A.admiration B．fancy
C．motivation D．design
解析：根据上文“Aarrav didn't do this to win awards or honor”可知，此处是介绍Aarrav发明这种勺子的动机不是为了赢得奖励或荣誉，而是为了帮助自己的叔叔。故选C。admiration赞赏； fancy幻想； motivation动机； design设计。
答案分析
Aarrav didn't do this to win awards or honor; his__3__ for this spoon came from seeing his uncle who has such a disease __4__ to feed himself. Food kept falling off the spoon and flowing out of his mouth, so someone has to __5__ him. The youth decided to help his uncle.
4．( )A.hesitating B．preferring
C．refusing D．struggling
解析：根据下文“Food kept falling off the spoon and flowing out of his mouth”可知，在Aarrav的叔叔吃饭时，食物总是从勺子上掉下来，从他嘴里流出来，因此是挣扎着喂自己吃饭。故选D。hesitating犹豫； preferring更喜欢； refusing拒绝； struggling挣扎。
D
答案分析
Aarrav didn't do this to win awards or honor; his__3__ for this spoon came from seeing his uncle who has such a disease __4__ to feed himself. Food kept falling off the spoon and flowing out of his mouth, so someone has to __5__ him. The youth decided to help his uncle.
5．( )A.nurse B．inspire
C．persuade D．remind
解析：根据上文“Food kept falling off the spoon and flowing out of his mouth”可知，食物总是从勺子上掉下来，从Aarrav的叔叔的嘴里流出来，因此必须有人照顾患有帕金森氏症的他。故选A。nurse照料； inspire激励； persuade说服； remind提醒。
A
答案分析
Not everything went__6__ during the development. For example, he failed to __7__ some special electronic parts in his country and had to import them from other countries. In the end, Aarrav made the first __8__ successfully. But the handle was so slippery that it was __9__ for his uncle. Now the original design has __10__ a few changes. “I've been fine tuning the version based on users' feedback. It needs to be __11__ so that it can be washed without damaging all the electronics inside. And the spoon needs to be __12__ to hold more food，” Aarrav said.
6．( )A.precisely B．quickly
C．separately D．smoothly
解析：下文“For example, he failed to __7__ some special electronic parts in his country and had to import them from other countries.”举例说明Aarrav在发明的过程中遇到了一些困难，由此可知并非所有事情都进展顺利。故选D。precisely精确地； quickly快速地； separately分开地； smoothly顺利地。
D
答案分析
Not everything went__6__ during the development. For example, he failed to __7__ some special electronic parts in his country and had to import them from other countries. In the end, Aarrav made the first __8__ successfully. But the handle was so slippery that it was __9__ for his uncle. Now the original design has __10__ a few changes. “I've been fine tuning the version based on users' feedback. It needs to be __11__ so that it can be washed without damaging all the electronics inside. And the spoon needs to be __12__ to hold more food，” Aarrav said.
7．( )A.find B．identify
C．upgrade D．reshape
解析：根据下文“had to import them from other countries”可知，Aarrav不得不从其他国家进口特殊的电子零件，因此是在自己的国家没有找到这些零件。故选A。find找到； identify辨认； upgrade升级； reshape重塑。
A
答案分析
Not everything went__6__ during the development. For example, he failed to __7__ some special electronic parts in his country and had to import them from other countries. In the end, Aarrav made the first __8__ successfully. But the handle was so slippery that it was __9__ for his uncle. Now the original design has __10__ a few changes. “I've been fine tuning the version based on users' feedback. It needs to be __11__ so that it can be washed without damaging all the electronics inside. And the spoon needs to be __12__ to hold more food，” Aarrav said.
8．( )A.exposure B．step
C．model D．submission
解析：根据下文“I've been fine tuning the version based on users' feedback.”可知，Aarrav一直在根据用户的反馈对发明出的第一版勺子进行微调，因此是制造了第一个模型。故选C。exposure曝光； step步骤； model模型； submission提交。
C
答案分析
Not everything went__6__ during the development. For example, he failed to __7__ some special electronic parts in his country and had to import them from other countries. In the end, Aarrav made the first __8__ successfully. But the handle was so slippery that it was __9__ for his uncle. Now the original design has __10__ a few changes. “I've been fine tuning the version based on users' feedback. It needs to be __11__ so that it can be washed without damaging all the electronics inside. And the spoon needs to be __12__ to hold more food，” Aarrav said.
9．( )A.unsuitable B．unequal
C．unqualified D．unhealthy
解析：根据上文“the handle was so slippery”可知，勺柄太滑了，因此是不适合患有帕金森氏症的叔叔。故选A。unsuitable不适合的； unequal不平等的； unqualified不合格的； unhealthy不健康的。
A
答案分析
Not everything went__6__ during the development. For example, he failed to __7__ some special electronic parts in his country and had to import them from other countries. In the end, Aarrav made the first __8__ successfully. But the handle was so slippery that it was __9__ for his uncle. Now the original design has __10__ a few changes. “I've been fine tuning the version based on users' feedback. It needs to be __11__ so that it can be washed without damaging all the electronics inside. And the spoon needs to be __12__ to hold more food，” Aarrav said.
10．( )A.taken in B．gone through
C．made for D．turned down
解析：根据下文“I've been fine tuning the version based on users' feedback.”可知，Aarrav一直在根据用户的反馈对发明出的第一版勺子进行微调，因此原来的设计是经过了一些修改。故选B。take in吸收； go through经历； make for促成； turn down拒绝。
B
答案分析
Not everything went__6__ during the development. For example, he failed to __7__ some special electronic parts in his country and had to import them from other countries. In the end, Aarrav made the first __8__ successfully. But the handle was so slippery that it was __9__ for his uncle. Now the original design has __10__ a few changes. “I've been fine tuning the version based on users' feedback. It needs to be __11__ so that it can be washed without damaging all the electronics inside. And the spoon needs to be __12__ to hold more food，” Aarrav said.
11．( )A.drop proof B．trouble free
C．water resistant D．weather worn
解析：根据下文“so that it can be washed without damaging all the electronics inside”可知，这款勺子需要防水，这样在清洗时不会损坏里面所有的电子设备。故选C。drop proof防摔的； trouble free无障碍的； water resistant防水的； weather worn风化的。
C
答案分析
Not everything went__6__ during the development. For example, he failed to __7__ some special electronic parts in his country and had to import them from other countries. In the end, Aarrav made the first __8__ successfully. But the handle was so slippery that it was __9__ for his uncle. Now the original design has __10__ a few changes. “I've been fine tuning the version based on users' feedback. It needs to be __11__ so that it can be washed without damaging all the electronics inside. And the spoon needs to be __12__ to hold more food，” Aarrav said.
12．( )A.thinner B．flatter
C．firmer D．deeper
解析：根据下文“to hold more food”可知，这款勺子需要满足盛下更多的食物的条件，因此是需要深一些。故选D。thinner更薄的； flatter更平的； firmer更坚固的； deeper更深的。
D
答案分析
While similar products have already __13__ the market, their cost is too high for most people. Aarrav's smart spoon can be a help in __14__ the price. His hope is that everyone with Parkinson's will have a __15__ to use it to eat by themselves.
13．( )A.cornered B．entered
C．determined D．enriched
解析：根据上文“similar products”和下文“the market, their cost is too high for most people”可推知，此处指类似的勺子已经进入市场，但存在成本太高的问题，从而衬托Aarrav的发明的优势。故选B。corner垄断； enter进入； determine决定； enrich丰富。
B
答案分析
While similar products have already __13__ the market, their cost is too high for most people. Aarrav's smart spoon can be a help in __14__ the price. His hope is that everyone with Parkinson's will have a __15__ to use it to eat by themselves.
14．( )A.setting B．negotiating
C．assessing D．lowering
解析：根据上文“their cost is too high for most people”可知，市场上类似产品的成本过高，由此推知，此处指Aarrav的智能勺子可以帮助降低价格。故选D。set设置； negotiate协商； assess评估； lower降低。
D
答案分析
While similar products have already __13__ the market, their cost is too high for most people. Aarrav's smart spoon can be a help in __14__ the price. His hope is that everyone with Parkinson's will have a __15__ to use it to eat by themselves.
15．( )A.right B．chance
C．mind D．desire
解析：根据Aarrav发明出一款智能勺子，以帮助帕金森氏症患者用餐的情境，以及下文“to use it to eat by themselves”可推知，此处指他希望这款产品可以为这些患者提供自己吃饭的机会。故选B。right权利； chance机会； mind头脑； desire渴望。
B
答案分析
