选择性必修第一册 UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
barrier；cheek；differ；embarrass；favor；interpret
In our interactions with others, we usually employ appropriate body language, namely, nonverbal language to demonstrate our internal emotions.Sometimes we have difficulty 1.interpreting and distinguishing gestures because they aren't identical．So we should learn to perceive, assess and adjust our words accordingly.For instance, if a person is 2.embarrassed and ashamed, he will lower his head, slightly bend his body, and stare at the ground.If a person boils with anger or anxiety, he will have a tendency to cross arms in front of his chest, with tears rolling down his 3.cheeks．By contrast, a person who approves of or 4.favors a plan may be witnessed straightening up and nodding his head.Certainly we can't always make reliable inferences because body language 5.differs in different countries and varies from person to person.Nevertheless, I still call on people to reveal body language with the purpose of breaking down the 6.barriers in our daily communication.
提示：加底纹词汇为本单元复现词汇
1 vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变(→various adj.各种不同的；各种各样的→variety n．多样性；变化；种类)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Different fruits varying (vary) in nutritional content, some are rich in vitamins, while others provide more fiber and minerals.
[能力提升]——微写作
②我们俱乐部正在举办各种各样的活动，从演讲比赛到诗歌朗诵不等。
Varieties of/A variety of activities are being held by our club，varying from Speech Contest to Poetry Recitation.(活动介绍)
③沙漠中的温度随一天中的时间而变化，白天非常热，晚上则凉爽得多。
The temperature in the desert can vary with the time of day, being extremely hot during the day and much cooler at night.(天气描写)
(1)vary from…to…
在……到……之间变化；从……到……不等
vary in sth. 在某方面不同
vary with… 随……而变化
(2)a variety of＝varieties of＝various 多种多样的
[语料积累] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The art class was a delightful change from our regular classroom sessions.I chose to paint the beautiful flower garden, which is dotted with vibrant colors and various flowers.(活动介绍)
这次美术课与我们常规的课堂相比是一种令人愉快的改变。我选择画美丽的花园，那里点缀着各种鲜艳的色彩和各式各样的花朵。
2 approve vi.赞成，同意 vt.批准；通过(→approval n．赞成；同意；通过；认可；批准→approvingadj.赞许的；许可的→disapprove vi.不赞成；不同意)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①We are eager to win the educator's approval to our project，but he hasn't given us an approving gesture up to now.(approve)
[能力提升]——一句多译
②如果您能批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。
→We would be grateful if you could approve our proposal．(approve)
→We would be grateful if you could give approval to our proposal．(approval)
(1)approve of 赞成，同意
approve sth. 批准某事
(2)give one's approval to sth. 某人批准某事
win one's approval 得到某人的批准/同意
[语料积累] ①approve of her decision to travel alone(观点态度)
赞成她独自旅行的决定
②After hard work, she finally won her parents' approval．(心理描写)
经过努力，她终于得到了父母的同意。
3 favour (NAmE vor)vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于n.帮助；恩惠；赞同(→favourable adj.赞成的；有利的→favourite adj.最喜欢的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The students are in favour of extending the lunch break by ten minutes to relax more between classes.
[能力提升]——微写作
②如果您能帮我一个忙，抽出时间来润色我的求职信和简历，我将不胜感激。
I would appreciate it if you could do me a favour and spare some time to polish my application letter and resume.(求助信)
③运动会期间的小雨对她有利，因为她在更凉爽的条件下表现得更好。
The slight rain during the sports meeting worked in her favour, as she performs better in cooler conditions.(天气描写)
(1)favour sth./doing sth. 较喜欢某事/做某事
(2)ask sb.a favour＝ask a favour of sb.
请求某人帮忙
do a favour for sb.＝do sb.a favour
帮某人一个忙
owe sb.a favour 欠某人的人情
in favour of 赞成；支持
in sb.'s favour 对某人有利
[语料积累] (2022·全国乙卷)It turns out that students favour the entertaining ways over the traditional ones when it comes to English learning.(投稿)
事实证明，在谈及英语学习方面，学生们更喜欢娱乐的方式而不是传统的方式。
4 occupy vt.占用；占领；占据(→occupied adj.使用中；忙于；被占领的→occupation n．占领；职业)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Ultimately，you must state your full name，age and occupation (occupy) in your application form.
②As they were occupied (occupy) in selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.
[能力提升]——句型转换
③Occupying themselves in selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.(用现在分词短语作状语改写②)
④Occupied in selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.(用过去分词短语作状语改写②)
(1)occupy sb./oneself with sth./in doing sth.
忙于做某事
(2)be occupied with sth./in doing sth. 忙于做某事
[语料积累] ①the occupied study rooms(地点介绍)
使用中的自习室
②During the summer break, Jenny occupied herself in learning to play the guitar, spending hours each day on practice.(动作描写)
暑假期间，珍妮忙于学习弹吉他，每天花几个小时练习。
5 adjust vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯(→adjustment n．调整；适应→adjustable adj.可调节的；可调整的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The school chairs are adjustable，so children can make some adjustments according to their height.(adjust)
[能力提升]——微写作
②我没有及时调整相关的信息，我写信向您道歉。
I am writing to apologize to you for my not adjusting the relevant information in time．(道歉信)
③我知道你在适应新的学校生活方面有些困难，所以我写信给你一些建议，希望能对你有帮助。
Knowing that you have some difficulty in adjusting (yourself) to the new school life，I'm writing to give you some tips，which I hope will be of help to you.(建议信)
(1)adjust (oneself) to (doing)…
适应……；习惯……
adjust…to… 调整……以适应……
(2)make an adjustment/adjustments 作出调整
[语料积累] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)More importantly, the show is scheduled to take place at 7 pm next Monday.I'm wondering if you're available.If not, please let me know in advance so that I can make adjustments accordingly.(邀请信)
更重要的是，展览定于下周一晚上7点举行。我想知道你是否有空闲。如果没有，请提前告诉我，以便我可以相应地作出调整。
6 in other words换句话说；也就是说
[基础检测]——用word的相关短语填空
①Setting a goal is the first step to success；in other words，if you want to succeed，you must set a goal first.
②Sam broke his word about keeping Sarah's secret.Sarah decided to have a word with him after class to express how disappointed she was.Their conversation quickly changed as they had words with each other right outside the classroom.Realizing his mistake, Sam apologized sincerely and vowed to regain Sarah's trust.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2021·全国甲卷)有消息说我校要开班会，因此我写信请你帮忙。
Word came that a class meeting would be held in our school，so I'm writing to ask you to do me a favour．(求助信)
in a word 总之；简言之
keep one's word 遵守诺言
break one's word 失信；不守诺言
have a word with… 与……谈一谈
have words with sb. 和某人吵架
word came that… 有消息传来说……
[语料积累] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)“May I have your phone number I will call you and return the money I owe you.I promise I will keep my word, or you keep my watch！” I added.(语言、动作描写)
“我可以留下你的电话号码吗？我会打电话给你，归还我欠你的钱。我保证我会信守诺言，否则你可以留着我的手表！”我补充道。
7 call on(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请；呼吁；号召
[基础检测]——用call的相关短语填空
①The twin brothers called on their grandpa on a weekly basis.
②The new project calls for a lot of teamwork, so everyone in the group must cooperate closely to ensure it is completed on time.
[能力提升]——微写作
③由于浓雾，冠军赛被取消了，这使两支队伍都感到失望，并等待重新安排的日期。
The championship game was called off because of heavy fog, leaving both teams disappointed and waiting for a rescheduled date.(心理描写)
call up 给……打电话；使想起
call off＝cancel 取消
call for (公开)要求；需要
call in 打电话来；召来，叫来；下令收回
call at 拜访(地点)；(火车等)停留
[语料积累] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Giving him another smile, I asked him for a delay in payment and promised to call him up and pay him back the money I owed him.(动作描写)
我再次对他微笑，请求延迟付款，并承诺会给他打电话，还清我所欠的钱。
8 句型公式：way作先行词的定语从句
(教材原句)Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.
话语十分重要，但是人们站立、双手抱臂和移动双手的姿势也能为我们提供有关他们情感的信息。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①He orders his assistants around in a way that/which is very offensive.
②The way that/which the professor explained to us was simple.
③He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way to make (make) his classes lively and interesting.
[能力提升]——微写作
④使我吃惊的不是他说的内容，而是他说话的方式。
What surprised me was not what he said but the way (that/in which)he said it.(情感描写)
句中the way是先行词， people stand…hands是定语从句，先行词the way在从句中作状语，此处省略了in which或that。若the/a way作先行词且定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，则用关系代词that或which。此外，the way to do sth./of doing sth.是习惯搭配，意为“做……的方式/方法”。
[语料积累] It is no surprise that technology is influencing our social structures and the way (that/in which) we interact with one another.(投稿)
毫不奇怪，技术正在影响我们的社会结构以及我们与他人互动的方式。
9 句型公式：部分否定
(教材原句)Of course, not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.
当然，在课堂上不是每个抬头看的学生都在专心听讲。
[基础检测]——补全句子
①Tom asks Jack and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but neither of them want(s) to (他们都不想去)，because they have work to do.
[能力提升]——一句多译
②最近的一项调查显示，并非我们学校的所有学生都在业余时间进行体育锻炼。
→A recent survey shows that not all the students in our school take physical exercise in their spare time.
→A recent survey shows that all the students in our school don't take physical exercise in their spare time.
(1)部分否定：当all，both，each，every，everybody，everyone，everything，always，whole，entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定副词not连用时，便构成部分否定结构，意为“不是……都；并非……都”。
(2)全部否定：当neither，no one，no，none，never，nothing，no more，no longer，no way，not…any等表示否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语连用时，便构成全部否定结构。
[语料积累] (2022·全国乙卷)According to the above graph, it can be seen that not all of the students adopt the same approach to learning English.(现象分析)
通过以上图表可以看出，并非所有学生都采用同一种方法学英语。
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．The first half of the game was slow；by contrast, the second half was filled with action.
2．From her hesitant voice, I could make inferences about her unwillingness to attend the party.
3．The teacher helped us break down the complex problem into manageable parts.
4．She straightened up her desk at the end of the day, preparing for a fresh start tomorrow.
1．break down 消除；分解；打破
2．straighten up 直起来；整理；收拾整齐
3．make inferences 推理；推断
4．by contrast 相比之下
5．in conflict with 与……冲突
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——名词后缀 al
名词后缀 al表示行为、状态等。例如本单元中的单词：approve(vi.赞成；同意vt.批准；通过)去掉e ＋后缀 al转化成名词approval(赞成；同意；批准；通过)。名词后缀 al的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．We were all excited about the arrival of spring, bringing warmer weather and blooming flowers. n. 来临
2．The survival of the species depends on its ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions. n. 存活；幸存
3．The removal of the old furniture made space for the new, modern pieces they had purchased. n. 移走
4．The town hosts a music festival every summer, attracting visitors from all over the region. n. 会演，节
5．Proper disposal of waste is essential to protecting the environment and preventing pollution. n. 处理
板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．bother
A.v.费心，麻烦 B．v.使烦恼 C．v.打扰
(1)Sorry to bother you，but the manager is on the line.C
(2)(2020·浙江7月卷)My older brother couldn't be bothered to play with me.A
(3)(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)Don't be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you.B
2．employ
A.v.使用，利用 B．v.雇用 C．v.忙于
(1)Every day，we students are employed in doing endless schoolwork.C
(2)He criticized the extreme methods employed by the country's government.A
(3)The boss decided to employ Tom as her secretary because of his outstanding performance.B
3．break down
A.(谈判)失败 B．消除 C．(机器等)出故障 D．(身体)垮掉 E．分解
(1)Much to my annoyance，my car broke down on the way to work.C
(2)The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.A
(3)In other words，your health will break down if you work too hard.D
(4)You should break down your tasks in an appropriate way so that you can finish them on time.E
(5)(2020·天津7月卷)The “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.B
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me.He lowered his head.v. 把……放低
[点拨]lower(熟义) adj.下面的；下方的；较小的。此处用作动词，意为“把……放低”。
2．Peter's leaving at the end of this week—hence his anxiety to get his work finished.n. 急切；渴望
[点拨]anxiety (熟义) n．焦虑；担心；害怕。此处意为“急切；渴望”。
3．(2021·全国甲卷)Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the centre of British skateboarding，where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.n. 拐弯处
[点拨]bend (熟义) vt. & vi(使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向。此处用作名词，意为“拐弯处”。
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配/单元语法(动词 ing形式作宾语和表语)
1．The activities in our summer camp vary from swimming and hiking to arts and crafts workshops.
2．When she solved the difficult math problem, she looked up to see her teacher's approving (approve) eyes.
3．She did a favour for her neighbour by watering the plants while they were on vacation.
4．She was occupied (occupy) in organizing the charity event, dedicating all her free time to planning.
5．After receiving feedback, she made an adjustment (adjust) to her presentation to better engage her audience.
6．He finished all the tasks ahead of schedule; in other words, he was free for the weekend.
7．She decided to call on her friend to discuss (discuss) the group project over the weekend.
8．He has a growing tendency (tend) to forget things as he becomes older.
9．From my point of view, what benefits students most is reading (read) English books.
10．We recommend booking (book) tickets early, as this is a popular event.
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．对他来说，没有什么比周末和队友们踢足球更好的了。
For him, nothing is better than playing soccer with his teammates on weekends．(人物描写)
2．放学后，她修理了自行车。
She had her bicycle repaired after school．(情景描写)
3．尽管她很紧张，她仍然尽了最大的努力。
While she was nervous, she still gave it her best effort．(心理描写)
4．有消息传来说，他们最喜欢的乐队要来开演唱会了。
Word came that their favorite band was coming for a concert．
5．Not all of the fruits in the basket were ripe; some of them still needed a few more days.
→All of the fruits in the basket were not ripe; some of them still needed a few more days.(同义句转换)
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
假定你是李华，请你以“Body Language”为主题写一篇文章，向校英文报投稿。内容包括： 1．肢体语言的多样性； 2．肢体语言的作用。
1．As for body language in our daily lives, I'd like to share some with you to avoid any embarrassment(关于我们日常生活中的肢体语言，我想和大家分享一些，以避免尴尬；I'd like to do)．
We 2.use words and body language to interact with others(用语言和肢体语言与他人交流), trying to express our thoughts and opinions more vividly.3.Body language varies from culture to culture(肢体语言因文化而异). For example, in some countries, nodding means disagreement 4.while in other countries, it means approval(而在其他国家则表示赞同；while引导并列句)．Some body language has many different uses.Perhaps the best example is smiling.Smile has many functions.Not only can it be used to apologise, to greet someone, but also it can be used 5.to break down barriers(打破隔阂), etc.To better promote cross－culture communication, 6.we should use body language appropriately(我们应该恰当地使用肢体语言)．
维度二 读后续写微技能20——动作细节描写：动“手臂”
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
1．touch one's arm 碰了下某人的胳膊 2．catch hold of/catch/grab one's arm 抓住某人的胳膊 3．fold/wave one's arms 某人交叉/挥舞双臂 4．keep sb. at arm's length 同某人保持距离 5．take one's arm 挽住某人的胳膊 6．pull sb. into one's arms 拉某人入怀 7．hold out/open one's arms 某人伸出/张开双臂 8．put/throw one's arms around sb. 搂住某人 9．with crossed/open arms双臂交叉/张开 10．arm in arm 臂挽臂
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．他挥舞着手臂，向前跑着。
He was running forward, waving his arms. (非谓语动词)
2．她转过身，想同他保持距离。
She turned around, trying to keep him at arm's length．
3．妈妈将手伸到桌子对面，碰了下爸爸的胳膊。
Mama reached across the table and touched Papa's arm．(译林版必修一U2)
4．她交叉着双臂，盯着他，好像做了什么聪明的事。
She folded her arms and stared at him as if she had done something clever.
5．他伸出一只手，抓住她的胳膊，冲向火车站。
He reached out a hand, caught hold of/caught/grabbed her arm and rushed to the railway station.
任务2 语段表达
After the school concert, Lily was searching for her mom in the crowded hall. When she finally spotted her, Lily rushed forward 1.with open arms (双臂张开). Her mom saw her coming and 2.held out her arms (伸出双臂), ready to embrace her daughter. As they met, 3.Lily put/threw her arms around her mom (莉莉搂住了妈妈), feeling a sense of relief and joy. Her mom smiled and 4.pulled her into her arms (把她拉入怀中), holding her tightly. They walked out of the school 5.arm in arm (臂挽臂), discussing the performance and how well it had gone. Lily felt so happy to share this moment with her mom, who had supported her every step of the way.
————基础默测—————
默写达标
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．fake adj. 假装的；假的；冒充的
2．trial n. & v. 审讯；审判；试验；试用
3．intervene vi. 干预；介入
4．waist n. 腰；腰部
5．barrier n. 隔阂；障碍
6．identical adj. 相同的
7．interpret vt. 把……理解(解释)为 vi. & vt. 口译
8．nonverbal adj. 不涉及言语的；非言语的
9．internal adj. 内部的；里面的
10．slump vi. 垂头弯腰地走(或坐等)
11．ceiling n. 天花板；上限
12．component n. 组成部分；零件
二、核心单词写得准
1．reveal vt. 揭示；显示；露出
2．clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清
3．witness vt. 当场看到；目击；见证 n. 目击者；证人
4．bow vi. 鞠躬；点头 vt. 低(头) n. 弓；蝴蝶结
5．weep vi. & vt. 哭泣；流泪
6．pose n. 故作姿态；(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势 vi. 摆好姿势 vt. 造成(威胁、问题等)
7．bend vt. & vi. (bent，bent) (使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向
8．appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的
9．bother vi. & vt. 费心；麻烦；因……操心 n. 麻烦；不便
10．tick vt. 给 (试卷、问题等)打钩号 vi. (钟表)发出嘀嗒声 n. 钩号
11．lower vt. 把……放低；降低；减少 adj. 下面的；下方的；较小的
12．imply vt. 意味着；暗示
13．conflict n. 矛盾；冲突 vi. 冲突；抵触
14．perceive vt. 察觉；看待；理解
15．ultimately adv. 最终；最后
三、拓展单词通变化
1．distinguish vi. & vt. 区分；辨别→distinguished adj. 著名的；卓越的；杰出的
2．vary vi. (根据情况)变化；改变→variety n. 变化；多样化；多变性→various adj. 各种各样的
3．approve vi. 赞成；同意 vt. 批准；通过→approval n. 同意；赞成→disapprove vi. 不同意
4．demonstrate vt. 表现；说明；表达；证明→demonstration n. 表现，说明
5．employ vt. 使用；应用；雇用→employer n. 雇主→employee n. 雇员；雇工→employment n. 雇用；使用；就业
6．adjust vt. 调整；调节 vi. & vt. 适应；(使)习惯→adjustment n. 调整；适应→adjustable adj. 可调节的
7．differ vi. 相异；不同于→different adj. 不同的→difference n. 差异；不同
8．favour vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于 n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同→favourable adj. 赞成的；支持的；有利的
9．embarrass vt. 使窘迫；使尴尬；使为难→embarrassed adj. 难堪的；尴尬的→embarrassing adj. 令人难堪的；令人尴尬的→embarrassment n. 窘迫；尴尬；难堪
10．rely v. 依赖；依靠→reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的→reliance n. 依赖；依靠；信任
11．assess vt. 评估；评价→assessment n. 评价；评定
12．educate vt. 教育→education n. 教育→educator n. 教师；教育工作者；教育家→educated adj. 受过教育的→educational adj. 教育的；有教育意义的
13．tend v. 倾向；往往会；照料；看护→tendency n. 趋势；倾向
14．inquire (＝enquire) vi. & vt. 询问；打听→inquiry n. 询问
15．occupy vt. 占据；占用→occupation n. 工作；职业；占领；占用
16．distract vt. 分散 (注意力)；使分心→distraction n. 使人分心的事；消遣；娱乐
17．anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；害怕→anxious adj. 焦虑的；渴望的→anxiously adv. 焦急地；担忧地
四、重点词块明搭配
1．by contrast 相比之下
2．by comparison (与……)相比较
3．make inferences 推理；推断
4．break down 消除；分解；打破
5．straighten up 直起来；整理；收拾整齐
6．in other words 换句话说；也就是说
7．call on (短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请
8．at work 有某种影响；在工作
9．vary from culture to culture 因文化的不同而不同
10．look into one's eyes 注视某人的眼睛
五、教材佳句会运用
1．相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。(部分否定)
In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of．
2．如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。(“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级)
And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend．
3．所以，如果一名学生低头看手表，这就表明他觉得无聊，数着时间，只盼早点下课。(have＋名词＋过去分词)
So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch, it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.
4．尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。(while引导让步状语从句)
While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Being outgoing and helpful, I am confident that volunteering is an appropriate (适合的) job to me.
2．A survey of the British diet has revealed (显示) that a growing number of people are overweight.
3．These movies were not only making money; they were also perceived (看待，视为) to be original.
4．She always bothers (费心) to prepare a special breakfast for her family on weekends.
5．She wept (哭泣) quietly in her room after reading the sad ending of her favorite book.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The new restaurant offers a wide variety (vary) of dishes, so there is always something new for customers to try each time they visit.
2．He waited nervously for his parents' approval (approve) before signing up for the school trip, hoping they would agree.
3．After a few adjustments (adjust) to the plan, the event went smoothly, and everyone enjoyed themselves.
4．The two brothers have very different (differ) personalities; one is quiet and likes reading, while the other is outgoing and enjoys sports.
5．He felt a deep sense of embarrassment (embarrass) when he accidentally spilled his drink at the dinner party in front of everyone.
Ⅲ.选词填空
break down；call on；in other words；by comparison；straighten up
1．Now he has made up his mind to launch a campaign to call on people to respect the disabled and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as they do.
2．By comparison with last year, the price of beef has increased sharply.
3．She has good handwriting and is good at writing articles. In other words, she is qualified for a secretary.
4．It was the bright smile on her face that broke down my feeling of embarrassment, so we began talking happily.
5．Helen was straightening up her bedroom when she heard her mother crying for help in the kitchen.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．并非每个学生都真正理解这项活动的重要性。(部分否定)
Not every student is/Every student is not really aware of the importance of the activity.
2．散步锻炼有时可能会很乏味，但是在一个阳光灿烂的早上进行的话，没有比这个更好的了。(“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级)
Walking exercise may be boring at times, but on a clear sunny morning nothing could be better．
3．爬山时，她的脚受伤了。(have＋名词＋过去分词)
She had her feet hurt when climbing the mountain.
课时作业20
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2024·云南昆明高三质检)
Rushing down the path, the traceur(跑酷者) is on the lookout for his next obstacles such as fire escapes, walls or fences. As soon as he realizes a massive brick wall stands between him and where he wants to be, he unintentionally grabs on the wall with his hands and lifts himself to stand on top of it. His next move is a jump that lands him back on solid ground. However, noticing that he is unstable, he rolls to avoid injuries.
Traceurs are athletes who perform remarkable gymnastics actions in urban environments. Serious traceurs are fascinated not just by the physical challenges of Parkour, but by its philosophy. Those who learn to excel at Parkour claim to develop not just physical fitness, but increased self confidence and critical thinking skills, as they train themselves to find ways around every obstacle in their paths.
Because of these philosophical foundations, Parkour is often described by traceurs as more of a lifestyle or an art form than a sport. Passionate traceurs are determined to keep Parkour from becoming a competitive petition, they argue, devalues the philosophical theory behind Parkour. People who practice Parkour should be more concerned with their relationship to the environment than with a ticking clock, a score or a cheering crowd. Furthermore, traceurs should work with each other to improve confidence, awareness and unity. Competition, they argue, only brings about feelings of conflict and disharmony.
While Parkour purists suggest that the philosophy behind Parkour helps to limit injuries, they must remember that not everyone who tries to leap over a mailbox is an experienced traceur trying to get in touch with his or her environment. Adolescents attempting to carry out these acrobatic(杂技的) skills could severely injure themselves. So while newcomers to Parkour might be eager to investigate this art of movement, it would be wise for them to remember the physicality behind the philosophy. After all, philosophy is not much good to a broken leg.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述社会上出现的一种体育爱好者——跑酷者，并阐述跑酷的哲学，同时针对跑酷新手提出一些建议。
1．Why does the author describe a traceur at the beginning？( A )
A．To illustrate what Parkour is like.
B．To teach ways of avoiding injuries.
C．To explain different Parkour moves.
D．To highlight the popularity of sports.
解析：细节理解题。本文第一段讲述了沿着小路向下冲，然后当跑酷者意识到一堵巨大的砖墙挡在他和他想去的地方之间时，他用手抓住墙，然后站在墙上。他的下一个动作是跳跃，使他落到坚实的地面上。然而，注意到自己的不稳定，他便开始翻滚以避免受伤。由此可知，作者开头谈到跑酷者是想告诉读者跑酷到底是什么样的，故选A。
2．How can Parkour enhance a traceur's self confidence？( C )
A．By strengthening physical fitness.
B．By winning Parkour competitions.
C．By building faith in conquering barriers.
D．By grasping some philosophical theories.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Those who learn to…increased self confidence and critical thinking skills, as they train themselves to find ways around every obstacle in their paths.”可知，跑酷不仅可以锻炼身体素质，还可以在绕过障碍物的过程使跑酷者增强自信心和批判性思维能力。故选C项。
3．What do we know about serious and pure traceurs？( C )
A．They are aware of how to treat injuries.
B．They suggest individual efforts in the sport.
C．They stress the relationship to the environment.
D．They are more concerned with remarkable actions.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“People who practice Parkour should be more concerned with their relationship to the environment than with a ticking clock, a score or a cheering crowd.”和第四段中的“they must remember that not everyone who tries to leap over a mailbox is an experienced traceur trying to get in touch with his or her environment”可知，他们都强调了跑酷与环境之间的关系，故选C。
4．What does the author advise newcomers to do？( D )
A．Face physical challenges boldly.
B．Learn from experienced traceurs.
C．Start from leaping over a mailbox.
D．Consider the risk of severe harm.
解析：细节理解题。最后一段谈到试图跑酷的青少年可能会严重伤害自己，虽然跑酷新手可能渴望研究这种运动艺术，但对他们来说，要注意考虑严重伤害的风险。毕竟，这门哲学对断腿没有多大好处。由此可知，作者建议跑酷新手要注意严重伤害的风险，故选D。
(2025·重庆两江育才中学高三月考)
A new study reveals that pigeons(鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence, enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans. Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem solving strategy, involving a trial and error approach, which is similar to the approach used in AI models but differs from humans' reliance on selective attention and rule use. To examine it, Brandon Turner, a psychology professor at The Ohio State University, and his colleagues conducted the new study.
In the study, the pigeons were presented with various visual images, including lines of different widths and angles, and different types of rings. The pigeons had to peck(啄) a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged. If they got it correct, they received food; if they were wrong, they received nothing. Results showed that, through trial and error, the pigeons improved their accuracy in categorization tasks, increasing their correct choices from about 55% to 95%．
Researchers believed pigeons used associative learning, which is linking two phenomena with each other. For example, it is easy to understand the link between “water” and “wet”. “Associative learning is frequently assumed to be far too primitive to explain complex visual categorization like what we saw the pigeons do，” Turner said. But that's exactly what the researchers found.
The researchers' AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use: associative learning and error correction. And, like the pigeons, the AI model learned to make the right predictions to significantly increase the number of correct answers. For humans, the challenge when given tasks like those given to pigeons is that they would try to come up with rules that could make the tasks easier. But in this case, there were no rules, which upsets humans.
“What's interesting, though, is that pigeons use this method of learning that is very similar to AI designed by humans，” Turner said. “We celebrate how smart we are that we designed artificial intelligence; at the same time, we regard pigeons as not clever animals，” he said.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。科学家发现鸽子可以像人工智能一样解决一些复杂的问题。
5．What is the purpose of the new study？( A )
A．To test a theory.
B．To evaluate a model.
C．To employ a strategy.
D．To involve an approach.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem solving strategy…To examine it, Brandon Turner…and his colleagues conducted the new study.”可知，Brandon Turner和他的同事之所以展开新的研究，是为了验证之前研究提出的理论。故A项正确。
6．What were the pigeons expected to do in the experiment？( D )
A．Draw circles. B．Correct errors.
C．Copy gestures. D．Identify images.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The pigeons had to peck(啄)a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged.”可知，实验中鸽子需要按动左右按钮来确认图像所属的类别，即识别图像。故D项正确。
7．What do pigeons and AI have in common according to the study？( D )
A．They are of equal intelligence.
B．They are good at making rules.
C．They respond rapidly to orders from humans.
D．They employ simple ways to get things done.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The researchers' AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use”可知，研究人员的人工智能模型也使用了鸽子使用的简单方法来处理相同的任务，这是二者的共同之处。故D项正确。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text？( C )
A．Pigeons' trial and error method is revealed
B．Pigeons outperform humans in tough tasks
C．“Not smart” pigeons may be as smart as AI
D．AI models after pigeons' learning approach
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“A new study reveals that pigeons(鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence”和最后一段中的“We celebrate how smart we are…we regard pigeons as not clever animals”可知，本文首尾呼应，都讲到了我们认为不怎么聪明的鸽子可以像人工智能一样去解决问题，故C项“‘不怎么聪明的’鸽子可能和人工智能一样聪明”适合作本文的标题。
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
(2024·福建福州高三模拟)
When we think of the Silk Road, the first thing that appears in people's minds is trade. However, trade isn't just limited to goods 1 includes culture.
Since ancient times, strong connections between the Chinese and the Turkish people 2 (build) by cultural exchange along the Silk Road. Some historians believe Karagoz, Turkish traditional shadow puppetry (皮影), drew 3 (inspire) from Chinese shadow puppetry art. Karagoz originally 4 (find) its place in Bursa, a city in northwestern Turkey, and it first rose to popularity in the 16th century.
Karagoz is a dramatic form of storytelling 5 shadows are projected onto a white screen, with a multitasking performer 6 (sing) the tunes and words of the story and the lead puppeteer controlling the movement of the puppets. The performances 7 (main) center around social events and public criticism, whose primary objective is 8 (educate) people via entertainment.
The tradition's popularity in Turkey is credited 9 people's sense of nostalgia (怀旧). Historically, Karagoz performances served as 10 educational tool for people of all classes. As society progresses, there is often a tendency to reconnect with the past.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了土耳其传统皮影戏卡拉戈兹。
1．but
解析：考查连词。句意：然而，贸易不仅限于商品，还包括文化。此处为固定搭配not just…but…，表示“不仅……而且……”。故填but。
2．have been built
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：自古以来，中国人和土耳其人民就通过丝绸之路的文化交流建立起紧密的联系。主语connections与谓语构成被动关系，根据时间状语Since ancient times可知为现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用have。故填have been built。
3．inspiration
解析：考查名词。句意：一些历史学家认为，土耳其传统皮影戏卡拉戈兹的灵感来自中国皮影戏艺术。空处作动词的宾语，应用名词inspiration，不可数。故填inspiration。
4．found
解析：考查时态。句意：卡拉戈兹最初出现在土耳其西北部的城市布尔萨，并于16世纪开始流行起来。根据后文rose可知为一般过去时。故填found。
5．where
解析：考查定语从句。句意：卡拉戈兹是一种戏剧形式的讲故事，影子投射到白色屏幕上，一个多任务的表演者唱着故事的曲调和歌词，主要的木偶师控制木偶的运动。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词form，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
6．singing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处为with的复合结构，sing与performer为主动关系，故用动词－ing形式作宾补。故填singing。
7．mainly
解析：考查副词。句意：这些表演主要围绕社会事件和公众批评展开，其主要目的是通过娱乐来教育人们。修饰动词center应用副词mainly，故填mainly。
8．to educate
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意同上。主语为objective，说明主语的内容，应用不定式作表语。故填to educate。
9．to
解析：考查介词。句意：这一传统在土耳其的流行归功于人们的怀旧情怀。固定短语be credited to表示“归功于……”。故填to。
10．an
解析：考查冠词。句意：从历史上看，卡拉戈兹表演充当了对各阶层人民进行教育的工具。此处表泛指，且educational是发音以元音音素开头的单词，故填an。(共87张PPT)
简洁
实用
高效
UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE
RJ英语
选择性必修第一册
内容索引
词汇复现 语境串记
高效课堂 考点突破
多维演练 素养提升
第一部分
第二部分
第三部分
重难考点
拾遗考点
A
B
课时作业20
第五部分
基础默测
第四部分
默写达标
基础检测
A
B
词汇复现 语境串记
第
分
部
一
用所给词的适当形式填空，并背诵短文。
In our interactions with others, we usually employ appropriate body language, namely, nonverbal language to demonstrate our internal emotions.Sometimes we have difficulty 1.interpreting and distinguishing gestures because they aren't identical．So we should learn to perceive, assess and adjust our words accordingly.For instance, if a person is 2.embarrassed and ashamed, he will lower his head, slightly bend his body, and stare at the ground.If a person boils with anger or anxiety, he will have a tendency to cross arms in front of his chest, with tears rolling down his 3.cheeks．By contrast, a person who approves of or 4.favors a plan may be witnessed straightening up and nodding his head.Certainly we can't always make reliable inferences because body language 5.differs in different countries and varies from person to person.Nevertheless, I still call on people to reveal body language with the purpose of breaking down the 6.barriers in our daily communication.
barrier；cheek；differ；embarrass；favor；interpret
interpreting
embarrassed
cheeks
favors
differs
barriers
高效课堂 考点突破
第
分
部
二
1 vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变(→various adj.各种不同的；各种各样的
→variety n．多样性；变化；种类)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Different fruits varying (vary) in nutritional content, some are rich in vitamins, while others provide more fiber and minerals.
[能力提升]——微写作
②我们俱乐部正在举办各种各样的活动，从演讲比赛到诗歌朗诵不等。
Varieties of/A variety of activities are being held by our club，varying from Speech Contest to Poetry Recitation.(活动介绍)
重难考点
varying
Varieties of/A variety of activities
varying from
to
③沙漠中的温度随一天中的时间而变化，白天非常热，晚上则凉爽得多。
The temperature in the desert can vary with the time of day, being extremely hot during the day and much cooler at night.(天气描写)
vary with the time of day,
(1)vary from…to…
在……到……之间变化；从……到……不等
vary in sth. 在某方面不同
vary with… 随……而变化
(2)a variety of＝varieties of＝various 多种多样的
[语料积累] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The art class was a delightful change from our regular classroom sessions.I chose to paint the beautiful flower garden, which is dotted with vibrant colors and various flowers.(活动介绍)
这次美术课与我们常规的课堂相比是一种令人愉快的改变。我选择画美丽的花园，那里点缀着各种鲜艳的色彩和各式各样的花朵。
2 approve vi.赞成，同意 vt.批准；通过(→approval n．赞成；同意；通过；认
可；批准→approving adj.赞许的；许可的→disapprove vi.不赞成；不同意)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①We are eager to win the educator's approval to our project，but he hasn't given us an approving gesture up to now.(approve)
[能力提升]——一句多译
②如果您能批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。
→We would be grateful if you could approve our proposal．(approve)
→We would be grateful if you could give approval to our proposal．(approval)
approval
approving
if you could approve our proposal
if you could give approval to our proposal
(1)approve of 赞成，同意
approve sth. 批准某事
(2)give one's approval to sth. 某人批准某事
win one's approval 得到某人的批准/同意
[语料积累] ①approve of her decision to travel alone(观点态度)
赞成她独自旅行的决定
②After hard work, she finally won her parents' approval．(心理描写)
经过努力，她终于得到了父母的同意。
3 favour (NAmE vor)vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于n.帮助；恩惠；赞同
(→favourable adj.赞成的；有利的→favourite adj.最喜欢的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The students are in favour of extending the lunch break by ten minutes to relax more between classes.
[能力提升]——微写作
②如果您能帮我一个忙，抽出时间来润色我的求职信和简历，我将不胜感激。
I would appreciate it if you could do me a favour and spare some time to polish my application letter and resume.(求助信)
③运动会期间的小雨对她有利，因为她在更凉爽的条件下表现得更好。
The slight rain during the sports meeting worked in her favour, as she performs better in cooler conditions.(天气描写)
in
do me a favour
in her favour,
(1)favour sth./doing sth. 较喜欢某事/做某事
(2)ask sb.a favour＝ask a favour of sb. 请求某人帮忙
do a favour for sb.＝do sb.a favour 帮某人一个忙
owe sb.a favour 欠某人的人情
in favour of 赞成；支持
in sb.'s favour 对某人有利
[语料积累] (2022·全国乙卷)It turns out that students favour the entertaining ways over the traditional ones when it comes to English learning.(投稿)
事实证明，在谈及英语学习方面，学生们更喜欢娱乐的方式而不是传统的方式。
4 occupy vt.占用；占领；占据(→occupied adj.使用中；忙于；被占领的
→occupation n．占领；职业)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①Ultimately，you must state your full name，age and occupation (occupy) in your application form.
②As they were occupied (occupy) in selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.
[能力提升]——句型转换
③Occupying themselves in selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.(用现在分词短语作状语改写②)
④Occupied in selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.(用过去分词短语作状语改写②)
occupation
were occupied
Occupying themselves in selling popcorn
Occupied in selling popcorn
(1)occupy sb./oneself with sth./in doing sth.
忙于做某事
(2)be occupied with sth./in doing sth. 忙于做某事
[语料积累] ①the occupied study rooms(地点介绍)
使用中的自习室
②During the summer break, Jenny occupied herself in learning to play the guitar, spending hours each day on practice.(动作描写)
暑假期间，珍妮忙于学习弹吉他，每天花几个小时练习。
5 adjust vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯(→adjustment n．调整；适应
→adjustable adj.,可调节的；可调整的)
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①The school chairs are adjustable，so children can make some adjustments according to their height.(adjust)
[能力提升]——微写作
②我没有及时调整相关的信息，我写信向您道歉。
I am writing to apologize to you for my not adjusting the relevant information in time．(道歉信)
adjustable
adjustments
adjusting the relevant information in
time
③我知道你在适应新的学校生活方面有些困难，所以我写信给你一些建议，希望能对你有帮助。
Knowing that you have some difficulty in adjusting (yourself) to the new school life，I'm writing to give you some tips，which I hope will be of help to you.(建议信)
Knowing that you have some difficulty in adjusting (yourself) to the new school life
(1)adjust (oneself) to (doing)…
适应……；习惯……
adjust…to… 调整……以适应……
(2)make an adjustment/adjustments 作出调整
[语料积累] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)More importantly, the show is scheduled to take place at 7 pm next Monday.I'm wondering if you're available.If not, please let me know in advance so that I can make adjustments accordingly.(邀请信)
更重要的是，展览定于下周一晚上7点举行。我想知道你是否有空闲。如果没有，请提前告诉我，以便我可以相应地作出调整。
6 in other words换句话说；也就是说
[基础检测]——用word的相关短语填空
①Setting a goal is the first step to success；in other words，if you want to succeed，you must set a goal first.
②Sam broke his word about keeping Sarah's secret.Sarah decided to have a word with him after class to express how disappointed she was.Their conversation quickly changed as they had words with each other right outside the classroom.Realizing his mistake, Sam apologized sincerely and vowed to regain Sarah's trust.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2021·全国甲卷)有消息说我校要开班会，因此我写信请你帮忙。
Word came that a class meeting would be held in our school，so I'm writing to ask you to do me a favour．(求助信)
in other words
broke his word
have a word with
had words with
Word came that
in a word 总之；简言之
keep one's word 遵守诺言
break one's word 失信；不守诺言
have a word with… 与……谈一谈
have words with sb. 和某人吵架
word came that… 有消息传来说……
[语料积累] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)“May I have your phone number I will call you and return the money I owe you.I promise I will keep my word, or you keep my watch！” I added.(语言、动作描写)
“我可以留下你的电话号码吗？我会打电话给你，归还我欠你的钱。我保证我会信守诺言，否则你可以留着我的手表！”我补充道。
7 call on(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请；呼吁；号召
[基础检测]——用call的相关短语填空
①The twin brothers called on their grandpa on a weekly basis.
②The new project calls for a lot of teamwork, so everyone in the group must cooperate closely to ensure it is completed on time.
[能力提升]——微写作
③由于浓雾，冠军赛被取消了，这使两支队伍都感到失望，并等待重新安排的日期。
The championship game was called off because of heavy fog, leaving both teams disappointed and waiting for a rescheduled date.(心理描写)
called on
calls for
was called off
call up 给……打电话；使想起
call off＝cancel 取消
call for (公开)要求；需要
call in 打电话来；召来，叫来；下令收回
call at 拜访(地点)；(火车等)停留
[语料积累] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Giving him another smile, I asked him for a delay in payment and promised to call him up and pay him back the money I owed him.(动作描写)
我再次对他微笑，请求延迟付款，并承诺会给他打电话，还清我所欠的钱。
8 句型公式：way作先行词的定语从句
(教材原句)Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.
话语十分重要，但是人们站立、双手抱臂和移动双手的姿势也能为我们提供有关他们情感的信息。
[基础检测]——单句语法填空
①He orders his assistants around in a way that/which is very offensive.
②The way that/which the professor explained to us was simple.
③He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way to make (make) his classes lively and interesting.
that/which
that/which
to make
[能力提升]——微写作
④使我吃惊的不是他说的内容，而是他说话的方式。
What surprised me was not what he said but the way (that/in which)he said it.(情感描写)
the way (that/in which)he said it
句中the way是先行词， people stand…hands是定语从句，先行词the way在从句中作状语，此处省略了in which或that。若the/a way作先行词且定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，则用关系代词that或which。此外，the way to do sth./of doing sth.是习惯搭配，意为“做……的方式/方法”。
[语料积累] It is no surprise that technology is influencing our social structures and the way (that/in which) we interact with one another.(投稿)
毫不奇怪，技术正在影响我们的社会结构以及我们与他人互动的方式。
9 句型公式：部分否定
(教材原句)Of course, not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.
当然，在课堂上不是每个抬头看的学生都在专心听讲。
[基础检测]——补全句子
①Tom asks Jack and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but neither of them want(s) to (他们都不想去)，because they have work to do.
[能力提升]——一句多译
②最近的一项调查显示，并非我们学校的所有学生都在业余时间进行体育锻炼。
→A recent survey shows that not all the students in our school take physical exercise in their spare time.
→A recent survey shows that all the students in our school don't take physical exercise in their spare time.
neither of them want(s) to
not all the students in our school take physical exercise
all the students in our school don't take physical exercise
(1)部分否定：当all，both，each，every，everybody，everyone，everything，always，whole，entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定副词not连用时，便构成部分否定结构，意为“不是……都；并非……都”。
(2)全部否定：当neither，no one，no，none，never，nothing，no more，no longer，no way，not…any等表示否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语连用时，便构成全部否定结构。
[语料积累] (2022·全国乙卷)According to the above graph, it can be seen that not all of the students adopt the same approach to learning English.(现象分析)
通过以上图表可以看出，并非所有学生都采用同一种方法学英语。
拾遗考点
Ⅰ. 知识点补充
[选词填空]
1．The first half of the game was slow；by contrast, the second half was filled with action.
2．From her hesitant voice, I could make inferences about her unwillingness to attend the party.
3．The teacher helped us break down the complex problem into manageable parts.
4．She straightened up her desk at the end of the day, preparing for a fresh start tomorrow.
by contrast,
make inferences
break down
straightened up
1．break down 消除；分解；打破
2．straighten up 直起来；整理；收拾整齐
3．make inferences 推理；推断
4．by contrast 相比之下
5．in conflict with 与……冲突
Ⅱ. 构词法规则
构词法规则——名词后缀 al
名词后缀 al表示行为、状态等。例如本单元中的单词：approve(vi.赞成；同意vt.批准；通过)去掉e ＋后缀 al转化成名词approval(赞成；同意；批准；通过)。名词后缀 al的常用规律如下：
[语境猜词]
1．We were all excited about the arrival of spring, bringing warmer weather and blooming flowers. n. 来临
2．The survival of the species depends on its ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions. n. 存活；幸存
3．The removal of the old furniture made space for the new, modern pieces they had purchased. n. 移走
4．The town hosts a music festival every summer, attracting visitors from all over the region. n. 会演，节
5．Proper disposal of waste is essential to protecting the environment and preventing pollution. n. 处理
n. 来临
n. 存活；幸存
n. 移走
n. 会演，节
n. 处理
多维演练 素养提升
第
分
部
三
板块一 夯实根基·提升能力
维度一 阅读理解——一词多义/语境猜词
Ⅰ.一词多义
1．bother
(1)Sorry to bother you，but the manager is on the line.C
(2)(2020·浙江7月卷)My older brother couldn't be bothered to play with me.A
(3)(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)Don't be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you.B
A.v.费心，麻烦 B．v.使烦恼 C．v.打扰
C
A
B
2．employ
(1)Every day，we students are employed in doing endless schoolwork.C
(2)He criticized the extreme methods employed by the country's government.A
(3)The boss decided to employ Tom as her secretary because of his outstanding performance.B
A.v.使用，利用 B．v.雇用 C．v.忙于
C
A
B
3．break down
(1)Much to my annoyance，my car broke down on the way to work.C
(2)The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.A
(3)In other words，your health will break down if you work too hard.D
(4)You should break down your tasks in an appropriate way so that you can finish them on time.E
(5)(2020·天津7月卷)The “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.B
A.(谈判)失败 B．消除 C．(机器等)出故障 D．(身体)垮掉 E．分解
C
A
D
E
B
Ⅱ.语境猜词
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me.He lowered his head.
v. 把……放低
[点拨]lower(熟义) adj.下面的；下方的；较小的。此处用作动词，意为“把……放低”。
2．Peter's leaving at the end of this week—hence his anxiety to get his work finished.
n. 急切；渴望
[点拨]anxiety (熟义) n．焦虑；担心；害怕。此处意为“急切；渴望”。
v. 把……放低
n. 急切；渴望
3．(2021·全国甲卷)Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the centre of British skateboarding，where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.
n. 拐弯处
[点拨]bend (熟义) vt. & vi(使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向。此处用作名词，意为“拐弯处”。
n. 拐弯处
维度二 语法填空——词形转换/固定搭配/单元语法(动词 ing形式作宾语和表语)
1．The activities in our summer camp vary from swimming and hiking to arts and crafts workshops.
2．When she solved the difficult math problem, she looked up to see her teacher's approving (approve) eyes.
3．She did a favour for her neighbour by watering the plants while they were on vacation.
4．She was occupied (occupy) in organizing the charity event, dedicating all her free time to planning.
5．After receiving feedback, she made an adjustment (adjust) to her presentation to better engage her audience.
from
approving
a
was occupied
adjustment
6．He finished all the tasks ahead of schedule; in other words, he was free for the weekend.
7．She decided to call on her friend to discuss (discuss) the group project over the weekend.
8．He has a growing tendency (tend) to forget things as he becomes older.
9．From my point of view, what benefits students most is reading (read) English books.
10．We recommend booking (book) tickets early, as this is a popular event.
in
to discuss
tendency
reading
booking
维度三 单句表达——翻译句子/句式升级
1．对他来说，没有什么比周末和队友们踢足球更好的了。
For him, nothing is better than playing soccer with his teammates on weekends．(人物描写)
2．放学后，她修理了自行车。
She had her bicycle repaired after school．(情景描写)
3．尽管她很紧张，她仍然尽了最大的努力。
While she was nervous, she still gave it her best effort．(心理描写)
4．有消息传来说，他们最喜欢的乐队要来开演唱会了。
Word came that their favorite band was coming for a concert．
For him, nothing is better than playing soccer with his teammates on weekends
She had her bicycle repaired after school
While she was nervous, she still gave it her best effort
Word came that their favorite band was coming for a concert
5．Not all of the fruits in the basket were ripe; some of them still needed a few more days.
→All of the fruits in the basket were not ripe; some of them still needed a few more days.(同义句转换)
All of the fruits in the basket were not ripe;
板块二 主题引领·情境写作
维度一 基础写作——补全佳作并背诵
用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。
假定你是李华，请你以“Body Language”为主题写一篇文章，向校英文报投稿。内容包括：
1．肢体语言的多样性；
2．肢体语言的作用。
1．As for body language in our daily lives, I'd like to share some with you to avoid any embarrassment(关于我们日常生活中的肢体语言，我想和大家分享一些，以避免尴尬；I'd like to do)．
We 2.use words and body language to interact with others(用语言和肢体语言与他人交流), trying to express our thoughts and opinions more vividly.3.Body language varies from culture to culture(肢体语言因文化而异). For example, in some countries, nodding means disagreement 4.while in other countries, it means approval(而在其他国家则表示赞同；while引导并列句)．Some body language has many different uses.Perhaps the best example is smiling.Smile has many functions.Not only can it be used to apologise, to greet someone, but also it can be used 5.to break down barriers(打破隔阂), etc.To better promote cross－culture communication, 6.we should use body language appropriately(我们应该恰当地使用肢体语言)．
As for body language in our daily lives, I'd like to share some with you to avoid any
embarrassment
use words and body language to interact with others
Body language varies from
culture to culture
while in other countries, it means approval
to break down barriers
we should use body language appropriately
维度二 读后续写微技能20——动作细节描写：动“手臂”
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
1．touch one's arm 碰了下某人的胳膊
2．catch hold of/catch/grab one's arm 抓住某人的胳膊
3．fold/wave one's arms 某人交叉/挥舞双臂
4．keep sb. at arm's length 同某人保持距离
5．take one's arm 挽住某人的胳膊
6．pull sb. into one's arms 拉某人入怀
7．hold out/open one's arms 某人伸出/张开双臂
8．put/throw one's arms around sb. 搂住某人
9．with crossed/open arms双臂交叉/张开
10．arm in arm 臂挽臂
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1 单句表达
1．他挥舞着手臂，向前跑着。
He was running forward, waving his arms. (非谓语动词)
2．她转过身，想同他保持距离。
She turned around, trying to keep him at arm's length．
3．妈妈将手伸到桌子对面，碰了下爸爸的胳膊。
Mama reached across the table and touched Papa's arm．(译林版必修一U2)
4．她交叉着双臂，盯着他，好像做了什么聪明的事。
She folded her arms and stared at him as if she had done something clever.
5．他伸出一只手，抓住她的胳膊，冲向火车站。
He reached out a hand, caught hold of/caught/grabbed her arm and rushed to the railway station.
waving his arms
keep him at arm's length
touched Papa's arm
folded her arms
caught hold of/caught/grabbed her arm
任务2 语段表达
After the school concert, Lily was searching for her mom in the crowded hall. When she finally spotted her, Lily rushed forward 1.with open arms (双臂张开). Her mom saw her coming and 2.held out her arms (伸出双臂), ready to embrace her daughter. As they met, 3.Lily put/threw her arms around her mom (莉莉搂住了妈妈), feeling a sense of relief and joy. Her mom smiled and 4.pulled her into her arms (把她拉入怀中), holding her tightly. They walked out of the school 5.arm in arm (臂挽臂), discussing the performance and how well it had gone. Lily felt so happy to share this moment with her mom, who had supported her every step of the way.
with open arms
held out her arms
Lily put/threw her arms around her mom
pulled her into her arms
arm in arm
基础默测
第
分
部
四
一、阅读单词晓词义
1．fake adj. 假装的；假的；冒充的
2．trial n. & v. 审讯；审判；试验；试用
3．intervene vi. 干预；介入
4．waist n. 腰；腰部
5．barrier n. 隔阂；障碍
6．identical adj. 相同的
7．interpret vt. 把……理解(解释)为 vi. & vt. 口译
8．nonverbal adj. 不涉及言语的；非言语的
默写达标
假装的；假的；冒充的
审讯；审判；试验；试用
干预；介入
腰；腰部
隔阂；障碍
相同的
把……理解(解释)为
口译
不涉及言语的；非言语的
9．internal adj. 内部的；里面的
10．slump vi. 垂头弯腰地走(或坐等)
11．ceiling n. 天花板；上限
12．component n. 组成部分；零件
内部的；里面的
垂头弯腰地走(或坐等)
天花板；上限
组成部分；零件
二、核心单词写得准
1．reveal vt. 揭示；显示；露出
2．clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清
3．witness vt. 当场看到；目击；见证 n. 目击者；证人
4．bow vi. 鞠躬；点头 vt. 低(头) n. 弓；蝴蝶结
5．weep vi. & vt. 哭泣；流泪
6．pose n. 故作姿态；(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势 vi. 摆好姿势 vt. 造成(威胁、问题等)
7．bend vt. & vi. (bent，bent) (使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向
8．appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的
9．bother vi. & vt. 费心；麻烦；因……操心 n. 麻烦；不便
reveal
clarify
witness
bow
weep
pose
bend
bent
bent
appropriate
bother
10．tick vt. 给 (试卷、问题等)打钩号 vi. (钟表)发出嘀嗒声 n. 钩号
11．lower vt. 把……放低；降低；减少 adj. 下面的；下方的；较小的
12．imply vt. 意味着；暗示
13．conflict n. 矛盾；冲突 vi. 冲突；抵触
14．perceive vt. 察觉；看待；理解
15．ultimately adv. 最终；最后
tick
lower
imply
conflict
perceive
ultimately
三、拓展单词通变化
1．distinguish vi. & vt. 区分；辨别→distinguished adj. 著名的；卓越的；杰出的
2．vary vi. (根据情况)变化；改变→variety n. 变化；多样化；多变性→various adj. 各种各样的
3．approve vi. 赞成；同意 vt. 批准；通过→approval n. 同意；赞成→disapprove vi. 不同意
4．demonstrate vt. 表现；说明；表达；证明→demonstration n. 表现，说明
5．employ vt. 使用；应用；雇用→employer n. 雇主→employee n. 雇员；雇工→employment n. 雇用；使用；就业
6．adjust vt. 调整；调节 vi. & vt. 适应；(使)习惯→adjustment n. 调整；适应→adjustable adj. 可调节的
distinguish
distinguished
vary
variety
various
approve
approval
disapprove
demonstrate
demonstration
employ
employer
employee
employment
adjust
adjustment
adjustable
7．differ vi. 相异；不同于→different adj. 不同的→difference n. 差异；不同
8．favour vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于 n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同→favourable adj. 赞成的；支持的；有利的
9．embarrass vt. 使窘迫；使尴尬；使为难→embarrassed adj. 难堪的；尴尬的→embarrassing adj. 令人难堪的；令人尴尬的→embarrassment n. 窘迫；尴尬；难堪
10．rely v. 依赖；依靠→reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的→reliance n. 依赖；依靠；信任
11．assess vt. 评估；评价→assessment n. 评价；评定
12．educate vt. 教育→education n. 教育→educator n. 教师；教育工作者；教育家→educated adj. 受过教育的→educational adj. 教育的；有教育意义的
13．tend v. 倾向；往往会；照料；看护→tendency n. 趋势；倾向
differ
different
difference
favour
favourable
embarrass
embarrassed
embarrassing
embarrassment
rely
reliable
reliance
assess
assessment
educate
education
educator
educated
educational
tend
tendency
14．inquire (＝enquire) vi. & vt. 询问；打听→inquiry n. 询问
15．occupy vt. 占据；占用→occupation n. 工作；职业；占领；占用
16．distract vt. 分散 (注意力)；使分心→distraction n. 使人分心的事；消遣；娱乐
17．anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；害怕→anxious adj. 焦虑的；渴望的→anxiously adv. 焦急地；担忧地
inquire
enquire
inquiry
occupy
occupation
distract
distraction
anxiety
anxious
anxiously
四、重点词块明搭配
1．by contrast 相比之下
2．by comparison (与……)相比较
3．make inferences 推理；推断
4．break down 消除；分解；打破
5．straighten up 直起来；整理；收拾整齐
6．in other words 换句话说；也就是说
7．call on (短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请
8．at work 有某种影响；在工作
9．vary from culture to culture 因文化的不同而不同
10．look into one's eyes 注视某人的眼睛
by contrast
by comparison
make inferences
break down
straighten up
换句话说；也就是说
(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请
有某种影响；在工作
因文化的不同而不同
注视某人的眼睛
五、教材佳句会运用
1．相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。(部分否定)
In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of．
2．如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。(“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级)
And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend．
3．所以，如果一名学生低头看手表，这就表明他觉得无聊，数着时间，只盼早点下课。(have＋名词＋过去分词)
So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch, it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.
eye contact is not always approved of
nothing better than seeing the smiling face
of a good friend
has his head lowered
4．尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。(while引导让步状语从句)
While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.
While it is easy to perceive
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Being outgoing and helpful, I am confident that volunteering is an appropriate (适合的) job to me.
2．A survey of the British diet has revealed (显示) that a growing number of people are overweight.
3．These movies were not only making money; they were also perceived (看待，视为) to be original.
4．She always bothers (费心) to prepare a special breakfast for her family on weekends.
5．She wept (哭泣) quietly in her room after reading the sad ending of her favorite book.
appropriate
revealed
perceived
bothers
wept
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The new restaurant offers a wide variety (vary) of dishes, so there is always something new for customers to try each time they visit.
2．He waited nervously for his parents' approval (approve) before signing up for the school trip, hoping they would agree.
3．After a few adjustments (adjust) to the plan, the event went smoothly, and everyone enjoyed themselves.
4．The two brothers have very different (differ) personalities; one is quiet and likes reading, while the other is outgoing and enjoys sports.
5．He felt a deep sense of embarrassment (embarrass) when he accidentally spilled his drink at the dinner party in front of everyone.
variety
approval
adjustments
different
embarrassment
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Now he has made up his mind to launch a campaign to call on people to respect the disabled and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as they do.
2．By comparison with last year, the price of beef has increased sharply.
3．She has good handwriting and is good at writing articles. In other words, she is qualified for a secretary.
4．It was the bright smile on her face that broke down my feeling of embarrassment, so we began talking happily.
5．Helen was straightening up her bedroom when she heard her mother crying for help in the kitchen.
break down；call on；in other words；by comparison；straighten up
call on
By comparison
In other words,
broke down
straightening up
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．并非每个学生都真正理解这项活动的重要性。(部分否定)
Not every student is/Every student is not really aware of the importance of the activity.
2．散步锻炼有时可能会很乏味，但是在一个阳光灿烂的早上进行的话，没有比这个更好的了。(“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级)
Walking exercise may be boring at times, but on a clear sunny morning nothing could be better．
3．爬山时，她的脚受伤了。(have＋名词＋过去分词)
She had her feet hurt when climbing the mountain.
Not every student is/Every student is not really aware of the importance of
She had her feet hurt
nothing could be
better
课时作业20
第
分
部
五
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2024·云南昆明高三质检)
Rushing down the path, the traceur(跑酷者) is on the lookout for his next obstacles such as fire escapes, walls or fences. As soon as he realizes a massive brick wall stands between him and where he wants to be, he unintentionally grabs on the wall with his hands and lifts himself to stand on top of it. His next move is a jump that lands him back on solid ground. However, noticing that he is unstable, he rolls to avoid injuries.
Traceurs are athletes who perform remarkable gymnastics actions in urban environments. Serious traceurs are fascinated not just by the physical challenges of Parkour, but by its philosophy. Those who learn to excel at Parkour claim to develop not just physical fitness, but increased self confidence and critical thinking skills, as they train themselves to find ways around every obstacle in their paths.
Because of these philosophical foundations, Parkour is often described by traceurs as more of a lifestyle or an art form than a sport. Passionate traceurs are determined to keep Parkour from becoming a competitive petition, they argue, devalues the philosophical theory behind Parkour. People who practice Parkour should be more concerned with their relationship to the environment than with a ticking clock, a score or a cheering crowd. Furthermore, traceurs should work with each other to improve confidence, awareness and unity. Competition, they argue, only brings about feelings of conflict and disharmony.
While Parkour purists suggest that the philosophy behind Parkour helps to limit injuries, they must remember that not everyone who tries to leap over a mailbox is an experienced traceur trying to get in touch with his or her environment. Adolescents attempting to carry out these acrobatic(杂技的) skills could severely injure themselves. So while newcomers to Parkour might be eager to investigate this art of movement, it would be wise for them to remember the physicality behind the philosophy. After all, philosophy is not much good to a broken leg.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述社会上出现的一种体育爱好者——跑酷者，并阐述跑酷的哲学，同时针对跑酷新手提出一些建议。
1．Why does the author describe a traceur at the beginning？( )
A．To illustrate what Parkour is like.
B．To teach ways of avoiding injuries.
C．To explain different Parkour moves.
D．To highlight the popularity of sports.
解析：细节理解题。本文第一段讲述了沿着小路向下冲，然后当跑酷者意识到一堵巨大的砖墙挡在他和他想去的地方之间时，他用手抓住墙，然后站在墙上。他的下一个动作是跳跃，使他落到坚实的地面上。然而，注意到自己的不稳定，他便开始翻滚以避免受伤。由此可知，作者开头谈到跑酷者是想告诉读者跑酷到底是什么样的，故选A。
A
2．How can Parkour enhance a traceur's self confidence？( )
A．By strengthening physical fitness.
B．By winning Parkour competitions.
C．By building faith in conquering barriers.
D．By grasping some philosophical theories.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Those who learn to…increased self confidence and critical thinking skills, as they train themselves to find ways around every obstacle in their paths.”可知，跑酷不仅可以锻炼身体素质，还可以在绕过障碍物的过程使跑酷者增强自信心和批判性思维能力。故选C项。
C
3．What do we know about serious and pure traceurs？( )
A．They are aware of how to treat injuries.
B．They suggest individual efforts in the sport.
C．They stress the relationship to the environment.
D．They are more concerned with remarkable actions.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“People who practice Parkour should be more concerned with their relationship to the environment than with a ticking clock, a score or a cheering crowd.”和第四段中的“they must remember that not everyone who tries to leap over a mailbox is an experienced traceur trying to get in touch with his or her environment”可知，他们都强调了跑酷与环境之间的关系，故选C。
C
4．What does the author advise newcomers to do？( )
A．Face physical challenges boldly.
B．Learn from experienced traceurs.
C．Start from leaping over a mailbox.
D．Consider the risk of severe harm.
解析：细节理解题。最后一段谈到试图跑酷的青少年可能会严重伤害自己，虽然跑酷新手可能渴望研究这种运动艺术，但对他们来说，要注意考虑严重伤害的风险。毕竟，这门哲学对断腿没有多大好处。由此可知，作者建议跑酷新手要注意严重伤害的风险，故选D。
D
(2025·重庆两江育才中学高三月考)
A new study reveals that pigeons(鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence, enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans. Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem solving strategy, involving a trial and error approach, which is similar to the approach used in AI models but differs from humans' reliance on selective attention and rule use. To examine it, Brandon Turner, a psychology professor at The Ohio State University, and his colleagues conducted the new study.
In the study, the pigeons were presented with various visual images, including lines of different widths and angles, and different types of rings. The pigeons had to peck(啄) a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged. If they got it correct, they received food; if they were wrong, they received nothing. Results showed that, through trial and error, the pigeons improved their accuracy in categorization tasks, increasing their correct choices from about 55% to 95%．
Researchers believed pigeons used associative learning, which is linking two phenomena with each other. For example, it is easy to understand the link between “water” and “wet”. “Associative learning is frequently assumed to be far too primitive to explain complex visual categorization like what we saw the pigeons do，” Turner said. But that's exactly what the researchers found.
The researchers' AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use: associative learning and error correction. And, like the pigeons, the AI model learned to make the right predictions to significantly increase the number of correct answers. For humans, the challenge when given tasks like those given to pigeons is that they would try to come up with rules that could make the tasks easier. But in this case, there were no rules, which upsets humans.
“What's interesting, though, is that pigeons use this method of learning that is very similar to AI designed by humans，” Turner said. “We celebrate how smart we are that we designed artificial intelligence; at the same time, we regard pigeons as not clever animals，” he said.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。科学家发现鸽子可以像人工智能一样解决一些复杂的问题。
5．What is the purpose of the new study？( )
A．To test a theory.
B．To evaluate a model.
C．To employ a strategy.
D．To involve an approach.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem solving strategy…To examine it, Brandon Turner…and his colleagues conducted the new study.”可知，Brandon Turner和他的同事之所以展开新的研究，是为了验证之前研究提出的理论。故A项正确。
A
6．What were the pigeons expected to do in the experiment？( )
A．Draw circles. B．Correct errors.
C．Copy gestures. D．Identify images.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The pigeons had to peck(啄)a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged.”可知，实验中鸽子需要按动左右按钮来确认图像所属的类别，即识别图像。故D项正确。
D
7．What do pigeons and AI have in common according to the study？( )
A．They are of equal intelligence.
B．They are good at making rules.
C．They respond rapidly to orders from humans.
D．They employ simple ways to get things done.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The researchers' AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use”可知，研究人员的人工智能模型也使用了鸽子使用的简单方法来处理相同的任务，这是二者的共同之处。故D项正确。
D
8．What can be a suitable title for the text？( )
A．Pigeons' trial and error method is revealed
B．Pigeons outperform humans in tough tasks
C．“Not smart” pigeons may be as smart as AI
D．AI models after pigeons' learning approach
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“A new study reveals that pigeons(鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence”和最后一段中的“We celebrate how smart we are…we regard pigeons as not clever animals”可知，本文首尾呼应，都讲到了我们认为不怎么聪明的鸽子可以像人工智能一样去解决问题，故C项“‘不怎么聪明的’鸽子可能和人工智能一样聪明”适合作本文的标题。
C
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
(2024·福建福州高三模拟)
When we think of the Silk Road, the first thing that appears in people's minds is trade. However, trade isn't just limited to goods 1 includes culture.
Since ancient times, strong connections between the Chinese and the Turkish people 2 (build) by cultural exchange along the Silk Road. Some historians believe Karagoz, Turkish traditional shadow puppetry (皮影), drew 3 (inspire) from Chinese shadow puppetry art. Karagoz originally 4 (find) its place in Bursa, a city in northwestern Turkey, and it first rose to popularity in the 16th century.
文章总览
Karagoz is a dramatic form of storytelling 5 shadows are projected onto a white screen, with a multitasking performer 6 (sing) the tunes and words of the story and the lead puppeteer controlling the movement of the puppets. The performances 7 (main) center around social events and public criticism, whose primary objective is 8 (educate) people via entertainment.
The tradition's popularity in Turkey is credited 9 people's sense of nostalgia (怀旧). Historically, Karagoz performances served as 10 educational tool for people of all classes. As society progresses, there is often a tendency to reconnect with the past.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了土耳其传统皮影戏卡拉戈兹。
文章总览
When we think of the Silk Road, the first thing that appears in people's minds is trade. However, trade isn't just limited to goods 1 includes culture.
1．but
解析：考查连词。句意：然而，贸易不仅限于商品，还包括文化。此处为固定搭配not just…but…，表示“不仅……而且……”。故填but。
答案分析
but
Since ancient times, strong connections between the Chinese and the Turkish people 2 (build) by cultural exchange along the Silk Road. Some historians believe Karagoz, Turkish traditional shadow puppetry (皮影), drew 3 (inspire) from Chinese shadow puppetry art. Karagoz originally 4 (find) its place in Bursa, a city in northwestern Turkey, and it first rose to popularity in the 16th century.
2．have been built
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：自古以来，中国人和土耳其人民就通过丝绸之路的文化交流建立起紧密的联系。主语connections与谓语构成被动关系，根据时间状语Since ancient times可知为现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用have。故填have been built。
答案分析
have been built
Since ancient times, strong connections between the Chinese and the Turkish people 2 (build) by cultural exchange along the Silk Road. Some historians believe Karagoz, Turkish traditional shadow puppetry (皮影), drew 3 (inspire) from Chinese shadow puppetry art. Karagoz originally 4 (find) its place in Bursa, a city in northwestern Turkey, and it first rose to popularity in the 16th century.
3．inspiration
解析：考查名词。句意：一些历史学家认为，土耳其传统皮影戏卡拉戈兹的灵感来自中国皮影戏艺术。空处作动词的宾语，应用名词inspiration，不可数。故填inspiration。
答案分析
inspiration
Since ancient times, strong connections between the Chinese and the Turkish people 2 (build) by cultural exchange along the Silk Road. Some historians believe Karagoz, Turkish traditional shadow puppetry (皮影), drew 3 (inspire) from Chinese shadow puppetry art. Karagoz originally 4 (find) its place in Bursa, a city in northwestern Turkey, and it first rose to popularity in the 16th century.
4．found
解析：考查时态。句意：卡拉戈兹最初出现在土耳其西北部的城市布尔萨，并于16世纪开始流行起来。根据后文rose可知为一般过去时。故填found。
答案分析
found
Karagoz is a dramatic form of storytelling 5 shadows are projected onto a white screen, with a multitasking performer 6 (sing) the tunes and words of the story and the lead puppeteer controlling the movement of the puppets. The performances 7 (main) center around social events and public criticism, whose primary objective is 8 (educate) people via entertainment.
5．where
解析：考查定语从句。句意：卡拉戈兹是一种戏剧形式的讲故事，影子投射到白色屏幕上，一个多任务的表演者唱着故事的曲调和歌词，主要的木偶师控制木偶的运动。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词form，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
答案分析
where
Karagoz is a dramatic form of storytelling 5 shadows are projected onto a white screen, with a multitasking performer 6 (sing) the tunes and words of the story and the lead puppeteer controlling the movement of the puppets. The performances 7 (main) center around social events and public criticism, whose primary objective is 8 (educate) people via entertainment.
6．singing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处为with的复合结构，sing与performer为主动关系，故用动词－ing形式作宾补。故填singing。
答案分析
singing
Karagoz is a dramatic form of storytelling 5 shadows are projected onto a white screen, with a multitasking performer 6 (sing) the tunes and words of the story and the lead puppeteer controlling the movement of the puppets. The performances 7 (main) center around social events and public criticism, whose primary objective is 8 (educate) people via entertainment.
7．mainly
解析：考查副词。句意：这些表演主要围绕社会事件和公众批评展开，其主要目的是通过娱乐来教育人们。修饰动词center应用副词mainly，故填mainly。
答案分析
mainly
Karagoz is a dramatic form of storytelling 5 shadows are projected onto a white screen, with a multitasking performer 6 (sing) the tunes and words of the story and the lead puppeteer controlling the movement of the puppets. The performances 7 (main) center around social events and public criticism, whose primary objective is 8 (educate) people via entertainment.
8．to educate
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意同上。主语为objective，说明主语的内容，应用不定式作表语。故填to educate。
答案分析
to educate
The tradition's popularity in Turkey is credited 9 people's sense of nostalgia (怀旧). Historically, Karagoz performances served as 10 educational tool for people of all classes. As society progresses, there is often a tendency to reconnect with the past.
9．to
解析：考查介词。句意：这一传统在土耳其的流行归功于人们的怀旧情怀。固定短语be credited to表示“归功于……”。故填to。
答案分析
to
The tradition's popularity in Turkey is credited 9 people's sense of nostalgia (怀旧). Historically, Karagoz performances served as 10 educational tool for people of all classes. As society progresses, there is often a tendency to reconnect with the past.
10．an
解析：考查冠词。句意：从历史上看，卡拉戈兹表演充当了对各阶层人民进行教育的工具。此处表泛指，且educational是发音以元音音素开头的单词，故填an。
答案分析
an
