第九讲 名词和数词
单句语法填空
1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western favourites (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)... the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness (rich) of gardening in England.
3．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Although they could never have met, there are common themes (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
4．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers.
5．(2024·全国甲卷)They are treasures (treasure) of American heritage (遗产)．
6．(2024·全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the completion (complete) of their journey.
7．(2024·浙江1月卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the criticism (criticize) that they lead to waste.
8．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017, right before the arrival (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
9．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews (interview) in English with international journalists.
10．(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which welcomes the fast paced development of modern life, with 21st century architectural wonders (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
11．(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well known Aesop's fables date to the sixth (six) century B．C.
12．(2023·浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing's long history as the capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events (event)．
13．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations (population) and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
14．(2022·浙江1月卷)When the answer was no，she declined the invitation (invite)．
15．(2022·全国乙卷)China has a responsibility (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
考点一名词
(一)名词的数
1．可数名词的复数变化规则
规则 例词
规则变化 一般情况加 s book→books、American→Americans、apple→apples
以 s、 x、 sh、 ch等结尾加 es bus→buses、dish→dishes(stomachs除外)以辅音字母＋ y结尾，变y为i加 es factory→factories、baby→babies
以元音字母＋ y结尾，直接加 s boy→boys、toy→toys、day→days
不规则变化 以 f、 fe结尾，变f、fe为v再加 es leaf→leaves、wife→wives(roofs、proofs、gulfs、beliefs、chiefs、safes除外)
[口诀] 妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；躲在架(shelf)后保己(myself)命，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光
以 o结尾：有生命的加 es，无生命的加 s hero→heroes、potato→potatoes、piano→pianos、radio→radios(hippos、bamboos除外)
[口诀] 英雄(hero)爱吃土豆(potato)和西红柿(tomato)
年代 s 或 's in the 1930s/1930's
改变词中元音字母 woman→women、goose→geese、man→men、foot→feet、tooth→teeth
特殊情况 child→children、bacterium→bacteria、crisis→crises、ox→oxen、phenomenon→phenomena、criterion→criteria
合成名词变复数 passer by→passers by、daughter in law→daughters in law、go between→go betweens、grown up→grown ups
2.用于特定表达中的名词复数
(1)某些名词往往以复数形式出现，表示总称或成对出现，如clothes(衣服)、surroundings(环境)、chopsticks(筷子)、scissors(剪刀)、belongings(所有物)、congratulations(祝贺)、earnings(收入)、works(著作)、manners(礼貌)、papers(文件)。
(2)在一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，如take turns to do sth.(轮流做某事)、make preparations for(为……做准备)、make ends meet(使收支仅能相抵)、take pains to do sth.(费力地做某事)等。
[名师指津] ①虽以 s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如maths、politics、physics等学科名词。 news 为不可数名词， the United States、economics表示单数意义；②以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸、杂志名，也可视为单数，如The Arabian Nights(《一千零一夜》)；③单复数同形的单词有means、deer、sheep、works(工厂)、aircraft、species、Chinese、Japanese、fish(fish表示鱼的种类时，复数形式为fishes)。
3．抽象名词具体化
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，这些词有：
单词 抽象名词 具体化名词意义
success 成功 成功的人或事
pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事
attraction 吸引 有吸引力的人或事物
beauty 美；美丽 美丽的人或事物
comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger 危险 危险的人或因素
delight 高兴 令人高兴的事
failure 失败 失败的人或事物
surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情
shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情
pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的人或事
(二)名词所有格
类型 构成方法
's所有格 主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系。(1)一般是名词词尾加 's，如John's home约翰的家；(2)以 s或 es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加 '，如students' textbooks 学生们的课本；(3)不以 s或 es结尾的复数名词，仍加 's，如children's game 孩子们的游戏
of所有格 表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系，如the title of the article文章的标题；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格，如the name of the girl over there那边的那个女孩的名字
双重所有格 双重所有格的构成为“名词＋of＋ 's所有格”或“名词＋of＋名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”，名词前可用a, any, some, a few, two, this, that, these, those 等修饰，但一般不用the。如a picture of my mother's我母亲(拥有)的一张照片；this little cat of your sister's你妹妹的这只小猫
(三)名词的构词法
1．动词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
al approve→approval, survive→survival, arrive→arrival, refuse→refusal, propose→proposal
ance/ ence appear→appearance, perform→performance, guide→guidance, exist→existence, prefer→preference, refer→reference, depend→dependence
ion/ tion/ ation direct→direction, expect→expectation，invite→invitation, solve→solution, compete→competition, describe→description, repeat→repetition, explain→explanation, pronounce→pronunciation
s(s)ion admit→admission, decide→decision
ing hear→hearing, listen→listening
ment achieve→achievement, develop→development, argue→argument, punish→punishment
ure/ ture fail→failure, press→pressure, mix→mixture, expose→exposure
y recover→recovery, discover→discovery
er/ or teach→teacher, announce→announcer, conduct→conductor
其他常见变化 choose→choice, vary→variety, tend→tendency, grow→growth, marry→marriage, pack→package
2.形容词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
cy luent→fluency, accurate→accuracy, private→privacy, efficient→efficiency
dom free→freedom, wise→wisdom ness,dark→darkness, weak→weakness, kind→kindness, cold→coldness, aware→awareness
th warm→warmth, true→truth, deep→depth, strong→strength, long→length, wide→width
y/ ty/ ity difficult→difficulty, honest→honesty, safe→safety, cruel→cruelty, responsible→responsibility
ce different→difference, silent→silence, patient→patience, absent→absence, present→presence, confident→confidence, convenient→convenience, important→importance, significant→significance
——单句语法填空
1．More takeout and more food delivery (deliver) equal more waste, especially plastic waste.
2．This was the very door I carefully guided the children through to ensure their safety (safe) from the bitter cold.
3．When we communicate, we communicate meaning (mean)．
4．This switch has decreased pollution in the country’s (country) major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
5．Another reason that has made it possible for Chinese firms to perform well in the World Cup is that China has shown good economic growth (grow) amid a global recession.
考点二 数词
数词属于高考试题中不常考查的冷考点，主要涉及基数词和序数词的基本用法、序数词前的修饰语以及由基数词构成的短语等。
1．序数词的构成
序数词一般由基数词加 th构成。以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时，先把y变为i，再加 eth。如the twentieth/fiftieth。不规则的序数词有以下几个：first，second，third，fifth，eighth，ninth，twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the，但当序数词不表示顺序而表示“再一”“又一”时，要加不定冠词。
2．基数词的用法
(1)表达“在某人几十多岁时”用“in one's＋逢十的基数词的复数”；表达“在几十年代”用“in the＋逢十的基数词的复数”。
(2)基数词dozen，score，hundred，thousand，million等表示确切数目时不能加 s，其前可用数词或several，some等修饰，此时其后通常不跟of (后有these，those或代词宾格时可跟of)；表示“数以百万计”“数以千计”等笼统数目时，要加 s，其前不能用数词，其后跟of。
(3)基数词可与名词等构成合成形容词，用连字符连接，作前置定语，其中的名词应使用单数形式，如a four hour journey一段四个小时的旅程。
3．分数的构成
分子应用基数词，分母应用序数词。分子大于1时，分母应用序数词的复数形式，如two sevenths七分之二。
——单句语法填空
1．Without a second (two) thought，he agreed to join the club.
2．30% of the river has been polluted (pollute) by the water from the factory already and many fishes have disappeared.
3．Then，when I was in the fifth (five) grade，I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher very much.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We always kept bamboo chopsticks along with our knives(knife), forks and spoons, ready for whenever we happened to have Chinese food for dinner.
2．His courage and persistence (persist) with his brilliance and humor inspired people across the world.
3．To better tell the story, Yu Rong drew inspiration from her several visits(visit) to sites of ancient battles and Henan Opera.
4．In 1990, about 750 million people in this country lived in extreme poverty(poor); today fewer than 10 million do.
5．People who are far sighted have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at an arm's distance (distant)．
6．Curiosity(curious) is part of children's nature. They always insist on getting to the bottom of everything.
7．I trust the historian completely. His description(describe) of these events corresponds to other accounts written at the time.
8．Some restaurants in Guangzhou stimulate customers' (customer) appetite with many different offerings.
9．The team who won the three world championships (championship) would always get this cup.
10．Timmis and his team set out to seek the effects of phone use on passers by (passer by)．
Ⅱ.语篇专练(名词)
Chinese New Year is a 1.celebration (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the 2.beginning (begin) of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries special 3.significance (significant). They represent the earth coming back to 4.life (live) and best wishes for the new year.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country：
Oranges：Orange trees are more than decoration; they are a 5.symbol (symbolize) of good fortune and 6.wealth (wealthy). They make great gifts and you see them many 7.times (time) decorated with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo：Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.Certainly during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated with 8.health (healthy), abundance and a happy home. They are easy to care for and make great 9.presents (present)．
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花)：The beautiful long branches covered with pink colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are the first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化). They represent the promise of spring and a 10.renewal (renew) of life.
Ⅲ.写作迁移(正确运用名词和数词完成句子)
1．(2024·浙江1月卷读后续写)她的肺在燃烧，她的腿像果冻一样，但一种陌生的成就感使她的心怦怦直跳。
Her lungs were burning, and her legs felt like jelly, but her heart was soaring with an unfamiliar sense of accomplishment．
2．(2024·全国甲卷书面表达)它不仅提高了我们的生活水平，也加强了中国的国际地位和影响力。
It has not only improved our living standards but also enhanced China's international status and influence.
3．(2023·浙江1月卷应用文写作)上周末，我参加了一个由学生会举办的活动，旨在教我们更多的日常生物知识。
Last weekend, I took part in an event held by the Students' Union, which is aimed at teaching us more about daily biology.
4．(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)给我印象最深的是他著名的人生哲学：“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐。”
What impresses me most is his famous philosophy of life: “Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land, the last to enjoy universal happiness.”
5．(2022·全国乙卷书面表达)如今，随着智能手机和电脑的日益普及，越来越多的学生在课堂之外以各种他们喜欢的方式学习英语。
Nowadays, with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers, an increasing number of students learn English beyond the classroom in various ways that they are fond of.(共28张PPT)
简洁
实用
高效
第九讲 名词和数词
RJ英语
专题二 词法篇
单句语法填空
1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western favourites (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)... the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness (rich) of gardening in England.
3．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Although they could never have met, there are common themes (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
4．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers.
favourites
richness
themes
visibility
5．(2024·全国甲卷)They are treasures (treasure) of American heritage (遗产)．
6．(2024·全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the completion (complete) of their journey.
7．(2024·浙江1月卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the criticism (criticize) that they lead to waste.
8．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017, right before the arrival (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
9．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews (interview) in English with international journalists.
treasures
completion
criticism
arrival
interviews
10．(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
11．(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop's fables date to the sixth (six) century B．C.
12．(2023·浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing's long history as the capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events (event)．
13．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations (population) and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
14．(2022·浙江1月卷)When the answer was no，she declined the invitation (invite)．
15．(2022·全国乙卷)China has a responsibility (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
wonders
sixth
events
populations
invitation
responsibility
考点一 名词
(一)名词的数
1．可数名词的复数变化规则
规则 例词
规则变化 一般情况加-s book→books、American→Americans、apple→apples
以-s、-x、-sh、-ch等结尾加-es bus→buses、dish→dishes(stomachs除外)以辅音字母＋-y结尾，变y为i加-es factory→factories、baby→babies
以元音字母＋-y结尾，直接加-s boy→boys、toy→toys、day→days
规则 例词
不规则变化 以-f、-fe结尾，变f、fe为v再加-es leaf→leaves、wife→wives(roofs、proofs、gulfs、beliefs、chiefs、safes除外)
[口诀] 妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；躲在架(shelf)后保己(myself)命，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光 以-o结尾：有生命的加-es，无生命的加-s hero→heroes、potato→potatoes、piano→pianos、radio→radios(hippos、bamboos除外)
[口诀] 英雄(hero)爱吃土豆(potato)和西红柿(tomato) 规则 例词
不规则变化 年代-s 或-'s in the 1930s/1930's
改变词中元音字母 woman→women、goose→geese、man→men、foot→feet、tooth→teeth
特殊情况 child→children、bacterium→bacteria、crisis→crises、ox→oxen、phenomenon→phenomena、criterion→criteria
合成名词变复数 passer-by→passers-by、daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law、go-between→go-betweens、grown-up→grown-ups
2.用于特定表达中的名词复数
(1)某些名词往往以复数形式出现，表示总称或成对出现，如clothes(衣服)、surroundings(环境)、chopsticks(筷子)、scissors(剪刀)、belongings(所有物)、congratulations(祝贺)、earnings(收入)、works(著作)、manners(礼貌)、papers(文件)。
(2)在一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，如take turns to do sth.(轮流做某事)、make preparations for(为……做准备)、make ends meet(使收支仅能相抵)、take pains to do sth.(费力地做某事)等。
[名师指津] ①虽以-s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如maths、politics、physics等学科名词。 news 为不可数名词， the United States、economics表示单数意义；②以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸、杂志名，也可视为单数，如The Arabian Nights(《一千零一夜》)；③单复数同形的单词有means、deer、sheep、works(工厂)、aircraft、species、Chinese、Japanese、fish(fish表示鱼的种类时，复数形式为fishes)。
3．抽象名词具体化
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，这些词有：
单词 抽象名词 具体化名词意义
success 成功 成功的人或事
pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事
attraction 吸引 有吸引力的人或事物
beauty 美；美丽 美丽的人或事物
comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger 危险 危险的人或因素
delight 高兴 令人高兴的事
单词 抽象名词 具体化名词意义
failure 失败 失败的人或事物
surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情
shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情
pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的人或事
(二)名词所有格
类型 构成方法
-'s所有格 主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系。(1)一般是名词词尾加-'s，如John's home约翰的家；(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加-'，如students' textbooks 学生们的课本；(3)不以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，仍加-'s，如children's game 孩子们的游戏
of所有格 表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系，如the title of the article文章的标题；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格，如the name of the girl over there那边的那个女孩的名字
类型 构成方法
双重所有格 双重所有格的构成为“名词＋of＋-'s所有格”或“名词＋of＋名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”，名词前可用a, any, some, a few, two, this, that, these, those 等修饰，但一般不用the。如a picture of my mother's我母亲(拥有)的一张照片；this little cat of your sister's你妹妹的这只小猫
(三)名词的构词法
1．动词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-al approve→approval, survive→survival, arrive→arrival, refuse→refusal, propose→proposal
-ance/-ence appear→appearance, perform→performance, guide→guidance, exist→existence, prefer→preference, refer→reference, depend→dependence
-ion/-tion/-ation direct→direction, expect→expectation，invite→invitation, solve→solution, compete→competition, describe→description, repeat→repetition, explain→explanation, pronounce→pronunciation
-s(s)ion admit→admission, decide→decision
后缀 例词
-ing hear→hearing, listen→listening
-ment achieve→achievement, develop→development, argue→argument, punish→punishment
-ure/-ture fail→failure, press→pressure, mix→mixture, expose→exposure
-y recover→recovery, discover→discovery
-er/-or teach→teacher, announce→announcer, conduct→conductor
其他常见变化 choose→choice, vary→variety, tend→tendency, grow→growth, marry→marriage, pack→package
2.形容词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-cy luent→fluency, accurate→accuracy, private→privacy, efficient→efficiency
-dom free→freedom, wise→wisdom-ness,dark→darkness, weak→weakness, kind→kindness, cold→coldness, aware→awareness
-th warm→warmth, true→truth, deep→depth, strong→strength, long→length, wide→width
-y/-ty/-ity difficult→difficulty, honest→honesty, safe→safety, cruel→cruelty, responsible→responsibility
-ce different→difference, silent→silence, patient→patience, absent→absence, present→presence, confident→confidence, convenient→convenience, important→importance, significant→significance
——单句语法填空
1．More takeout and more food delivery (deliver) equal more waste, especially plastic waste.
2．This was the very door I carefully guided the children through to ensure their safety (safe) from the bitter cold.
3．When we communicate, we communicate meaning (mean)．
4．This switch has decreased pollution in the country’s (country) major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
5．Another reason that has made it possible for Chinese firms to perform well in the World Cup is that China has shown good economic growth (grow) amid a global recession.
delivery
safety
meaning
country’s
growth
考点二 数词
数词属于高考试题中不常考查的冷考点，主要涉及基数词和序数词的基本用法、序数词前的修饰语以及由基数词构成的短语等。
1．序数词的构成
序数词一般由基数词加-th构成。以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时，先把y变为i，再加-eth。如the twentieth/fiftieth。不规则的序数词有以下几个：first，second，third，fifth，eighth，ninth，twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the，但当序数词不表示顺序而表示“再一”“又一”时，要加不定冠词。
2．基数词的用法
(1)表达“在某人几十多岁时”用“in one's＋逢十的基数词的复数”；表达“在几十年代”用“in the＋逢十的基数词的复数”。
(2)基数词dozen，score，hundred，thousand，million等表示确切数目时不能加-s，其前可用数词或several，some等修饰，此时其后通常不跟of (后有these，those或代词宾格时可跟of)；表示“数以百万计”“数以千计”等笼统数目时，要加-s，其前不能用数词，其后跟of。
(3)基数词可与名词等构成合成形容词，用连字符连接，作前置定语，其中的名词应使用单数形式，如a four-hour journey一段四个小时的旅程。
3．分数的构成
分子应用基数词，分母应用序数词。分子大于1时，分母应用序数词的复数形式，如two-sevenths七分之二。
——单句语法填空
1．Without a second (two) thought，he agreed to join the club.
2．30% of the river has been polluted (pollute) by the water from the factory already and many fishes have disappeared.
3．Then，when I was in the fifth (five) grade，I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher very much.
second
has been polluted
fifth
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We always kept bamboo chopsticks along with our knives(knife), forks and spoons, ready for whenever we happened to have Chinese food for dinner.
2．His courage and persistence (persist) with his brilliance and humor inspired people across the world.
3．To better tell the story, Yu Rong drew inspiration from her several visits(visit) to sites of ancient battles and Henan Opera.
4．In 1990, about 750 million people in this country lived in extreme poverty(poor); today fewer than 10 million do.
5．People who are far-sighted have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at an arm's distance (distant)．
knives
persistence
visits
poverty
distance
6．Curiosity(curious) is part of children's nature. They always insist on getting to the bottom of everything.
7．I trust the historian completely. His description(describe) of these events corresponds to other accounts written at the time.
8．Some restaurants in Guangzhou stimulate customers' (customer) appetite with many different offerings.
9．The team who won the three world championships (championship) would always get this cup.
10．Timmis and his team set out to seek the effects of phone use on passers-by (passer-by)．
Curiosity
description
customers'
championships
passers-by
Ⅱ.语篇专练(名词)
Chinese New Year is a 1.celebration (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the 2.beginning (begin) of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries special 3.significance (significant). They represent the earth coming back to 4.life (live) and best wishes for the new year.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country：
Oranges：Orange trees are more than decoration; they are a 5.symbol (symbolize) of good fortune and 6.wealth (wealthy). They make great gifts and you see them many 7.times (time) decorated with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
celebration
beginning
significance
life
symbol
wealth
times
Bamboo：Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.Certainly during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated with 8.health (healthy), abundance and a happy home. They are easy to care for and make great 9.presents (present)．
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花)：The beautiful long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are the first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化). They represent the promise of spring and a 10.renewal (renew) of life.
health
presents
renewal
Ⅲ.写作迁移(正确运用名词和数词完成句子)
1．(2024·浙江1月卷读后续写)她的肺在燃烧，她的腿像果冻一样，但一种陌生的成就感使她的心怦怦直跳。
Her lungs were burning, and her legs felt like jelly, but her heart was soaring with an unfamiliar sense of accomplishment．
2．(2024·全国甲卷书面表达)它不仅提高了我们的生活水平，也加强了中国的国际地位和影响力。
It has not only improved our living standards but also enhanced China's international status and influence.
sense of accomplishment
improved our living standards
3．(2023·浙江1月卷应用文写作)上周末，我参加了一个由学生会举办的活动，旨在教我们更多的日常生物知识。
Last weekend, I took part in an event held by the Students' Union, which is aimed at teaching us more about daily biology.
4．(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)给我印象最深的是他著名的人生哲学：“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐。”
What impresses me most is his famous philosophy of life: “Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land, the last to enjoy universal happiness.”
5．(2022·全国乙卷书面表达)如今，随着智能手机和电脑的日益普及，越来越多的学生在课堂之外以各种他们喜欢的方式学习英语。
Nowadays, with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers, an increasing number of students learn English beyond the classroom in various ways that they are fond of.
held by the Students' Union,
the first to worry about
an increasing
number of students
in various ways
