第十五讲 名词性从句
单句语法填空
1．(2024·浙江1月卷)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's what they'll promote.
2．(2024·全国甲卷)On a cool, starry night in mid September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in what is now northwestern Wyoming.
3．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is why they need an English trainer.
4．(2022·浙江1月卷)Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak whether/if she could do so remotely; about three quarters of the time, they agreed.
5．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song “The Long and Winding Road”. What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out of this world scenes.
6．(2020·浙江7月卷)Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
7．(2020·江苏卷)It is not a problem whether we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time.
在复合句中相当于名词的从句称为名词性从句，主要分为主语从句、 宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四类。名词性从句的引导词及其用法如下：
连接代词 who(ever), whom(ever), what(ever), which(ever), whose 引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
连接副词 when, where， why, how 引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
其他连接词 that 1.在从句中不作成分，也无词义；2．引导宾语从句时可省略；引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，不可省略
if 主要引导宾语从句，有时引导主语从句
whether 引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
as if/as though 引导表语从句
because 引导表语从句
考点一 主语从句
在复合句中作主语的从句称为主语从句。
1．主语从句通常由以上表格中名词性从句的引导词引导。
What many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food.
关于唐人街，许多游客和旧金山人最珍视的是它的食物。
Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
每年，谁做的风筝最漂亮，谁就会在风筝节上获奖。
2．it作形式主语
(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句
It was astonishing that she didn't care about my feelings.
令人惊讶的是，她竟不在乎我的感受。
(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句
It's no wonder that he didn't want to go.
难怪他不想去。
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句
It is said that the meeting has been put off until next Monday.
据说，会议被推迟到下周一了。
(4)It＋特殊动词(seem, appear, happen, matter等)＋that从句
It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.
她突然想到乔害怕一个人待着。
考点二 宾语从句
在复合句中作宾语的从句称为宾语从句。
1．宾语从句的引导词与主语从句的引导词大致一样。宾语从句在句中可以作及物动词、介词及复合谓语的宾语。
Parents should actively urge that their children should take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.
家长应该积极敦促他们的孩子利用这个机会加入运动队。
Now a lot of people might wonder why I would step out into traffic like that to rescue a single butterfly.
现在很多人可能想知道我为什么要到那么拥挤的车流中去救一只蝴蝶。
I'm not sure whether I should tell you this.
我拿不准该不该把这件事告诉你。
2．it作形式宾语
(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make等＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋that从句
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.
他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。
(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy等＋it＋that/when从句
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
我讨厌人们嘴里塞满东西时说话。
(3)动词短语see to/depend on/rely on＋it＋that从句
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候，我会负责把他照顾好。
(4)固定搭配take it for granted/owe it to sb.＋that从句
I just took it for granted that he'd always be around.
我还想当然地以为他总能随叫随到呢。
3．含虚拟语气的宾语从句
一个“坚持(insist)”、两个“命令(order/command)”、三个“建议(suggest/recommend/advise)”、四个“要求(demand/require/request/ask)”等词后，宾语从句用虚拟语气，其谓语动词应为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
The commander ordered that the troops (should) set off at once.
司令员命令部队马上出发。
4．宾语从句的否定前移
主句的主语是第一人称，在think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，往往需要把否定词由从句移到前面主句上，这称为否定前移。
I don't think you are fit for the job.
我认为你不适合这份工作。
I don't believe they've finished their work yet.
我认为他们尚未完工。
——单句语法填空
1．What is important is that you should set aside some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.
2．The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins first place in the bicycle race.
3．In architectural art, it's suggested that no more than three main colors should be used for a design.
4．To be honest, I doubt whether/if they will finish the hard task in two days.
5．They showed viewers how they live and work inside the space station.
考点三 表语从句
在复合句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样。表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if，because和why引导。
1．that等引导的表语从句
My parents' request is that I should be admitted to a key university.
我父母的要求就是我必须被重点大学录取。
2．as if/though引导的表语从句
as if/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be等的后面；表语从句既可以用虚拟语气，也可以用直接陈述语气，这取决于语境。
It sounded as if somebody was knocking at the door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
The house was in such a mess—it looked as though a bomb had dropped on it.
这个房子真乱，看起来就像被炸弹炸过一般。
3．because，why引导的表语从句
That's because he didn't understand me.
那是因为他不理解我。(强调原因)
That's why he got angry with me.
那正是他对我生气的原因。(强调结果)
[名师指津] ①句子的主语为the reason时，表语从句用that引导，表示原因，不用because；
The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.
她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。
②由why引导的从句作主语时，表语从句用that引导。
Why we decided to put off the match was that the weather was too terrible.
我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。
考点四 同位语从句
同位语从句用以说明其前面某一名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导。由于名词的意义不同，也可用whether，who，when，where，what，why，how等引导。后面可以接同位语从句的名词有：advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word (消息)等。
There is no doubt that it is worthwhile to participate in the photography show.
毫无疑问，参加摄影展是值得的。
Do you have any idea what is actually going on in the classroom
你知道教室里到底发生了什么事吗？
——单句语法填空/完成句子
1．The fact is that bats play a significant role in keeping a balanced ecosystem.
2．As I grew up in the UK, the Chinese food I was used to eating was what I now recognise as Guangdong food.
3．他缺课的原因是他生病住院了。
The reason why he missed classes was that he was ill in hospital．
4．我们相信，通过这次比赛，你一定能展示出你的才华。
We hold the belief that you are sure to display your talents through this contest．
考点五 三组引导词的区别
1．that与what引导的名词性从句的区别
that在从句中不充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，意思是“什么，……的东西或事情，什么样的”。
Our teacher made a request that we (should) be well prepared for the exam.
老师要求我们为考试做好充分准备。
We had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions.
我们必须写一篇论文，内容是我们打算如何将课堂上学到的知识应用到未来的职业中。
2．wh 与wh ever引导的名词性从句的区别
引导词what，which，who分别表示“……的东西或事情”“哪一个”“谁”，表示疑问含义；而whatever，whichever，whoever分别相当于anything that，any...that，anyone who，意为“无论……”，强调一切情况。试比较：
What you choose to wear should be clean.
你选择穿的衣服应该是干净的。
Whatever you choose to wear should be clean.
无论你选择穿什么，你的衣服应该是干净的。
3．whether与if引导的名词性从句的区别
(1)whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末，且前面需要用it作形式主语。
Whether he will leave the city has not been known yet.
还不知道他是否会离开这个城市。
It is unknown whether/if he will attend the meeting.
他是否会来参加会议还不清楚。
(2)whether与if引导宾语从句时一般可以互换，但是如果直接与or not连用或用于介词后时，只能用whether。
I was wondering whether/if she'd prefer to come a little later.
我不知道她是否乐意晚一点来。
There was a heated argument about whether he was suitable for the position.
关于他是否适合这个职位有过激烈的争论。
(3)whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，而if不可以。
Before making the decision whether we should wear the school uniform, we have to balance the advantages against the disadvantages.
在决定是否穿校服之前，我们必须权衡利弊。
——单句语法填空
1．But continued population losses have raised questions about whether rural areas can do anything to reverse the tide.
2．My mom continued to treat me to whatever I wanted until I was seven and my world crashed.
3．At the Plastic Bank markets, people can exchange the plastic they've collected for what they need.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The scientists believe what caused whales to get so large was a change in the Earth's climate only about 3 million years ago.
2．It's reported that many scenes were shot on the grounds of distinguished Chinese scientific institutes.
3．Li also said at the news conference on Monday that China's planted forest conservation area has reached 87.6 million hectares.
4．In addition to appreciating the wisdom hidden in those historical volumes，she focuses on how they were joined and presented.
5．The reason why Yang Jian became a god was that he fought hard during the battle.
6．I asked them whether/if they wanted to buy something and they told me that they had bought something.
7．By creating organized to do lists，you can prioritize the things you need to do，and keep track of what still needs to be completed.
8．But what can't be seen is the science and technology behind it.
9．It is fascinating to see a rapidly developing city that invests so much effort in preserving its past，which is why I decided to pursue my career here.
10．This gives evidence to why the Chinese economy is growing so fast.
Ⅱ.语篇专练(名词性从句)
It was reported 1.that there was an accident at the corner of Roman Street this morning.No one saw 2.what on earth happened then.A car ran into a truck, but fortunately, nobody got injured. 3.Who is responsible for the accident is still under investigation.The police are uncertain about 4.whether the car driver is guilty. 5.What the police should do now is 6.that they must find out what led to the accident.They said it was difficult for them to judge because 7.how the accident happened was not clear.Perhaps the reason was 8.that the car driver was too tired to stop the car in time. The car driver didn't admit the fact 9.that he was driving too fast at the turning.The police doubted 10.if/whether what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.
Ⅲ.写作迁移(正确运用名词性从句完成句子)
1．(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)这就是为什么我在五一期间学会了做饭。
That is why I learned how to cook during the May Day holiday.
2．(2023·浙江1月卷读后续写)我仍然记得朋友们的承诺，所以我经过废弃的挤奶房，看看他们是否修好了破碎的窗户。
I still remembered my friends' promise so I went past the abandoned milking house to see if/whether they had fixed the broken window．
3．生活充满了各种可能性，吉米决定尊重儿子想要走的任何道路。
Life is full of possibilities and Jimmy decided to respect whatever path his son would like to take．
4．我写信是想问您能否帮我一个忙。
I'm writing to ask whether/if you could do me a favor．
5．回家的路上，微风拂过他的头发，麦克觉得刚才发生的一切只是一场噩梦，但当他想到保罗无私的帮助时，一股温暖的光芒涌进他的内心。
On the way back home, feeling the light breeze through his hair, Mac felt what happened just now was just a nightmare，but a warm glow flooded into his inner heart as he thought of Paul's unselfish assistance.(共28张PPT)
简洁
实用
高效
第十五讲 名词性从句
RJ英语
专题三 句法篇
单句语法填空
1．(2024·浙江1月卷)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's what they'll promote.
2．(2024·全国甲卷)On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in what is now northwestern Wyoming.
3．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is why they need an English trainer.
4．(2022·浙江1月卷)Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak whether/if she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
what
what
why
whether/if
5．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song “The Long and Winding Road”. What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
6．(2020·浙江7月卷)Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
7．(2020·江苏卷)It is not a problem whether we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time.
What
what
whether
在复合句中相当于名词的从句称为名词性从句，主要分为主语从句、 宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四类。名词性从句的引导词及其用法如下：
连接代词 who(ever), whom(ever), what(ever), which(ever), whose 引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
连接副词 when, where， why, how 引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
其他连接词 that 1.在从句中不作成分，也无词义；2．引导宾语从句时可省略；引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，不可省略
if 主要引导宾语从句，有时引导主语从句
whether 引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
as if/as though 引导表语从句
because 引导表语从句
考点一 主语从句
在复合句中作主语的从句称为主语从句。
1．主语从句通常由以上表格中名词性从句的引导词引导。
What many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food.
关于唐人街，许多游客和旧金山人最珍视的是它的食物。
Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
每年，谁做的风筝最漂亮，谁就会在风筝节上获奖。
2．it作形式主语
(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句
It was astonishing that she didn't care about my feelings.
令人惊讶的是，她竟不在乎我的感受。
(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句
It's no wonder that he didn't want to go.
难怪他不想去。
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句
It is said that the meeting has been put off until next Monday.
据说，会议被推迟到下周一了。
(4)It＋特殊动词(seem, appear, happen, matter等)＋that从句
It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.
她突然想到乔害怕一个人待着。
考点二 宾语从句
在复合句中作宾语的从句称为宾语从句。
1．宾语从句的引导词与主语从句的引导词大致一样。宾语从句在句中可以作及物动词、介词及复合谓语的宾语。
Parents should actively urge that their children should take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.
家长应该积极敦促他们的孩子利用这个机会加入运动队。
Now a lot of people might wonder why I would step out into traffic like that to rescue a single butterfly.
现在很多人可能想知道我为什么要到那么拥挤的车流中去救一只蝴蝶。
I'm not sure whether I should tell you this.
我拿不准该不该把这件事告诉你。
2．it作形式宾语
(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make等＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋that从句
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.
他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。
(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy等＋it＋that/when从句
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
我讨厌人们嘴里塞满东西时说话。
(3)动词短语see to/depend on/rely on＋it＋that从句
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候，我会负责把他照顾好。
(4)固定搭配take it for granted/owe it to sb.＋that从句
I just took it for granted that he'd always be around.
我还想当然地以为他总能随叫随到呢。
3．含虚拟语气的宾语从句
一个“坚持(insist)”、两个“命令(order/command)”、三个“建议(suggest/recommend/advise)”、四个“要求(demand/require/request/ask)”等词后，宾语从句用虚拟语气，其谓语动词应为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
The commander ordered that the troops (should) set off at once.
司令员命令部队马上出发。
4．宾语从句的否定前移
主句的主语是第一人称，在think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，往往需要把否定词由从句移到前面主句上，这称为否定前移。
I don't think you are fit for the job.
我认为你不适合这份工作。
I don't believe they've finished their work yet.
我认为他们尚未完工。
——单句语法填空
1．What is important is that you should set aside some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.
2．The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins first place in the bicycle race.
3．In architectural art, it's suggested that no more than three main colors should be used for a design.
4．To be honest, I doubt whether/if they will finish the hard task in two days.
5．They showed viewers how they live and work inside the space station.
What
whoever
that
whether/if
how
考点三 表语从句
在复合句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样。表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if，because和why引导。
1．that等引导的表语从句
My parents' request is that I should be admitted to a key university.
我父母的要求就是我必须被重点大学录取。
2．as if/though引导的表语从句
as if/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be等的后面；表语从句既可以用虚拟语气，也可以用直接陈述语气，这取决于语境。
It sounded as if somebody was knocking at the door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
The house was in such a mess—it looked as though a bomb had dropped on it.
这个房子真乱，看起来就像被炸弹炸过一般。
3．because，why引导的表语从句
That's because he didn't understand me.
那是因为他不理解我。(强调原因)
That's why he got angry with me.
那正是他对我生气的原因。(强调结果)
[名师指津] ①句子的主语为the reason时，表语从句用that引导，表示原因，不用because；
The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.
她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。
②由why引导的从句作主语时，表语从句用that引导。
Why we decided to put off the match was that the weather was too terrible.
我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。
考点四 同位语从句
同位语从句用以说明其前面某一名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导。由于名词的意义不同，也可用whether，who，when，where，what，why，how等引导。后面可以接同位语从句的名词有：advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word (消息)等。
There is no doubt that it is worthwhile to participate in the photography show.
毫无疑问，参加摄影展是值得的。
Do you have any idea what is actually going on in the classroom
你知道教室里到底发生了什么事吗？
——单句语法填空/完成句子
1．The fact is that bats play a significant role in keeping a balanced ecosystem.
2．As I grew up in the UK, the Chinese food I was used to eating was what I now recognise as Guangdong food.
3．他缺课的原因是他生病住院了。
The reason why he missed classes was that he was ill in hospital．
4．我们相信，通过这次比赛，你一定能展示出你的才华。
We hold the belief that you are sure to display your talents through this contest．
that
what
that he was ill in hospital
that you are sure to display your talents through this contest
考点五 三组引导词的区别
1．that与what引导的名词性从句的区别
that在从句中不充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，意思是“什么，……的东西或事情，什么样的”。
Our teacher made a request that we (should) be well prepared for the exam.
老师要求我们为考试做好充分准备。
We had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions.
我们必须写一篇论文，内容是我们打算如何将课堂上学到的知识应用到未来的职业中。
2．wh-与wh-ever引导的名词性从句的区别
引导词what，which，who分别表示“……的东西或事情”“哪一个”“谁”，表示疑问含义；而whatever，whichever，whoever分别相当于anything that，any...that，anyone who，意为“无论……”，强调一切情况。试比较：
What you choose to wear should be clean.
你选择穿的衣服应该是干净的。
Whatever you choose to wear should be clean.
无论你选择穿什么，你的衣服应该是干净的。
3．whether与if引导的名词性从句的区别
(1)whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末，且前面需要用it作形式主语。
Whether he will leave the city has not been known yet.
还不知道他是否会离开这个城市。
It is unknown whether/if he will attend the meeting.
他是否会来参加会议还不清楚。
(2)whether与if引导宾语从句时一般可以互换，但是如果直接与or not连用或用于介词后时，只能用whether。
I was wondering whether/if she'd prefer to come a little later.
我不知道她是否乐意晚一点来。
There was a heated argument about whether he was suitable for the position.
关于他是否适合这个职位有过激烈的争论。
(3)whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，而if不可以。
Before making the decision whether we should wear the school uniform, we have to balance the advantages against the disadvantages.
在决定是否穿校服之前，我们必须权衡利弊。
——单句语法填空
1．But continued population losses have raised questions about whether rural areas can do anything to reverse the tide.
2．My mom continued to treat me to whatever I wanted until I was seven and my world crashed.
3．At the Plastic Bank markets, people can exchange the plastic they've collected for what they need.
whether
whatever
what
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The scientists believe what caused whales to get so large was a change in the Earth's climate only about 3 million years ago.
2．It's reported that many scenes were shot on the grounds of distinguished Chinese scientific institutes.
3．Li also said at the news conference on Monday that China's planted forest conservation area has reached 87.6 million hectares.
4．In addition to appreciating the wisdom hidden in those historical volumes，she focuses on how they were joined and presented.
5．The reason why Yang Jian became a god was that he fought hard during the battle.
what
that
that
how
that
6．I asked them whether/if they wanted to buy something and they told me that they had bought something.
7．By creating organized to-do lists，you can prioritize the things you need to do，and keep track of what still needs to be completed.
8．But what can't be seen is the science and technology behind it.
9．It is fascinating to see a rapidly-developing city that invests so much effort in preserving its past，which is why I decided to pursue my career here.
10．This gives evidence to why the Chinese economy is growing so fast.
whether/if
what
what
why
why
Ⅱ.语篇专练(名词性从句)
It was reported 1.that there was an accident at the corner of Roman Street this morning.No one saw 2.what on earth happened then.A car ran into a truck, but fortunately, nobody got injured. 3.Who is responsible for the accident is still under investigation.The police are uncertain about 4.whether the car driver is guilty. 5.What the police should do now is 6.that they must find out what led to the accident.They said it was difficult for them to judge because 7.how the accident happened was not clear.Perhaps the reason was 8.that the car driver was too tired to stop the car in time. The car driver didn't admit the fact 9.that he was driving too fast at the turning.The police doubted 10.if/whether what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.
that
what
Who
whether
What
that
how
that
that
if/whether
Ⅲ.写作迁移(正确运用名词性从句完成句子)
1．(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)这就是为什么我在五一期间学会了做饭。
That is why I learned how to cook during the May Day holiday.
2．(2023·浙江1月卷读后续写)我仍然记得朋友们的承诺，所以我经过废弃的挤奶房，看看他们是否修好了破碎的窗户。
I still remembered my friends' promise so I went past the abandoned milking house to see if/whether they had fixed the broken window．
3．生活充满了各种可能性，吉米决定尊重儿子想要走的任何道路。
Life is full of possibilities and Jimmy decided to respect whatever path his son would like to take．
why I learned how to cook
if/whether they had fixed the broken window
whatever path his son would
like to take
4．我写信是想问您能否帮我一个忙。
I'm writing to ask whether/if you could do me a favor．
5．回家的路上，微风拂过他的头发，麦克觉得刚才发生的一切只是一场噩梦，但当他想到保罗无私的帮助时，一股温暖的光芒涌进他的内心。
On the way back home, feeling the light breeze through his hair, Mac felt what happened just now was just a nightmare，but a warm glow flooded into his inner heart as he thought of Paul's unselfish assistance.
whether/if you could do me a favor
what happened just now was just a nightmare
