2025--2026年高二外研版必修第三册英语 Unit 1--Unit3 单元基础综合提高练习试卷【含解析答案
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| 名称 | 2025--2026年高二外研版必修第三册英语 Unit 1--Unit3 单元基础综合提高练习试卷【含解析答案 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2025-08-31 17:46:42 | ||
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2025--2026年高二外研版必修第三册英语 Unit 1--Unit3 单元基础综合提高练习试卷【含答案无听力】
一、阅读单选（3题）（本大题共1小题）
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge．We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection．Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys．
GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance．Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form．
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome．Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15．
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form．Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed．
We’ll be working rain or shine．Wear clothes that can get dirty．Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary．
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch．
No experience necessary．Training and tools will be provided．Fulfills (满足) community service requirements．
UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday, Jan．15 10:00 am—1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan．22 10:00 am—2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday, Jan．29 9:30 am—2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
1． What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team
A．To discover mineral resources．
B．To develop new wildlife parks．
C．To protect the local ecosystem．
D．To conduct biological research．
2． What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
A．5． B．10．
C．15． D．18．
3． What are the volunteers expected to do
A．Bring their own tools．
B．Work even in bad weather．
C．Wear a team uniform．
D．Do at least three projects．
二、阅读单选（4题）（本大题共3小题）
Just off the Florida Keys lies the world’s third-largest coral reef (珊瑚礁), which was once an energetic habitat for millions of plants and animals. But an outbreak of stony coral tissue loss disease threatens to destroy 20 of the 45 species found there, including larger reef-building corals.
“This disease that is burning through the Florida Keys is an unbelievable event that is happening,” said Andrew Stamper, conservation science manager at Disney’s Animals, Science and Environment. “It’s like a wildfire.” Stamper said that would endanger Florida’s fishing industry and food supply. “Unfortunately, we do not know exactly what is causing this,” he said.
In order to save the reef, scientists have moved some species hundreds of miles away to a lab in Orlando. Scientists work to simulate breeding (繁殖) conditions in the lab. The conditions are exactly the same as the living conditions of the coral. The work needs a lot of care, effort and attention to detail. LED lights exactly copy the sun and moon cycles. Volunteers feed the coral in water treated to mimic its real habitat.
“This essentially is a gene bank,” said Jim Kinsler, leader of SeaWorld Orlando. “We’re trying to protect the genetics of these corals so that their offspring(后代)can eventually be returned back to the Florida reef area.”
The task of relocating the lab-grown coral to the sea is also a detailed task. Kinsler, who is part of a team of private and public partners operating the Florida Coral Rescue Center, said, “It’s the first time that many of them have been involved in rescuing an entire ecosystem,”
“We think the real challenge is just growing them out to a size, so we can test them in those waters, test their disease resistance (抵抗力), and then breed the successful corals by the hundreds of thousands literally,” said Andrew Walker, president of the Fish & Wildlife Foundation of Florida.
4．What do we know about the Florida Keys
A．It owns the world’s largest coral reef.
B．A disease broke out among people there.
C．The world’s third-largest coral reef is close to it.
D．It is now the habitat of millions of plants and animals.
5．What do Andrew Stamper’s words mean
A．The root of the disease is unclear.
B．A wildfire broke out in the Florida Keys.
C．The disease will spread across the Earth.
D．The disease has caused a great loss to the locals.
6．What does the underlined word “simulate” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Copy. B．Contrast. C．Escape. D．Feature.
7．What is the purpose of the research according to Andrew Walker
A．To restore the coral in the lab.
B．To sell the coral in the normal size.
C．To make more people involved in protecting the ecosystem.
D．To produce masses of disease-resistant coral back to the sea.
Astronomers have uncovered the feeding schedule of a supermassive black hole, revealing that it consumes material about every three and a half years. The discovery provides key information about mysterious cosmic (宇宙的) forces, deepening scientists’ understanding of how the universe is formed.
Astronomers first noticed the black hole’s activity when the galaxy it resides in experienced a significant increase in brightness in 2018. They identified this as a tidal (潮汐的) disruption (扰乱) event, which occurs when a star is torn apart by the intense gravitational (引力的) forces of a black hole. As the star was pulled apart, its material heated up, producing X-ray and ultraviolet light that was observed by the telescopes. This emission eventually faded, suggesting that the black hole had consumed the matter.
However, about two years later, the X-ray and UV light from the galaxy broke up again. This unexpected resurgence (复苏) suggested that the star had only been partially consumed during its first encounter, with more material being taken away as it approached the black hole again.
The astronomers learned that the star had moved into a highly extended orbit around the black hole after the first encounter. When it eventually approached again, the galaxy lit up with X-ray and UV light as more of the star’s material was consumed. This discovery allowed the scientists to calculate the star’s orbital period, helping them learn that the black hole consumes material approximately every three and a half years.
On these grounds, the team predicts that the black hole’s next encounter with the star will begin between May and August 2025, although it is expected to be smaller, as most of the star has already been destroyed.
8．What is the significance of the discovery of the feeding schedule of a black hole
A．It led to scientists’ discovery of a supermassive black hole.
B．It made the formation of the black hole known to scientists.
C．It changed scientists’ views about the threat from black holes.
D．It broadened scientists’ knowledge of the power of the universe.
9．What made the black hole’s activity discovered
A．The powerful gravitational pull of a black hole. B．The X-ray and UV light released by the star.
C．A sudden decrease in the galaxy’s brightness. D．A sharp rise in radio signals from the galaxy.
10．What does the author imply in paragraph 3
A．The star had the ability to recover. B．The black hole had unstable forces.
C．The star partly survived the black hole. D．The star shone before being pulled apart.
11．Which of the following statements is true according to the team’s prediction
A．The black hole’s feeding schedule will be changed.
B．The next encounter will take place outside the orbit.
C．The next encounter will be tinier than the previous one.
D．The star will be completely consumed by the black hole.
Europeans should try to stay indoors if ash from Iceland’s volcano starts settling, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned Friday as small amounts fell in Iceland, Scotland and Norway.
WHO spokesman Daniel Epstein said the microscopic ash is potentially dangerous for people when it starts to reach the Earth because inhaled particles (微粒) can enter the lungs and cause respiratory (呼吸的) problems. And he also said Europeans who go outside might want to consider wearing a mask.
Other experts, however, weren’t convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on people’s health and said WHO’s warnings were “hysterical”. They said volcanic ash was much less dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution. Volcanic ash is made of fine particles of fragmented volcanic rock. It is light gray to black and can be as fine as talcum powder. During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy people. But once it falls from a greater distance—like from the cloud currently hovering above Europe— its health effects are often minimal, experts say.
“Not all particles are created equal,” said Ken Donaldson, a professor of respiratory toxicology at the University of Edinburgh, “In the great scheme of things, volcanic ash is not all that harmful.” And he said most Europeans’ exposure to volcanic ash would be negligible and that only those in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk.
Dr. Stephen Spiro, a professor of respiratory medicine and deputy chair of the British Lung Foundation, said the further the particles travel, the less dangerous they will be. “The cloud has already passed over northern Scotland and we haven’t heard of any ill effects there,” he said. Spiro said to wear masks or stay indoors to avoid volcanic ash was “over the top” and “a bit hysterical”
12．What can you team in paragraph 3
A．The volcanic ash had no impact on Europeans.
B．Other experts highly approved of WHO’s warnings.
C．The volcanic ash posed more risks than cigarette smoke.
D．Even healthy people could experience discomfort due to the ash.
13．According to Ken Donaldson, who are most likely to be at risk due to the volcanic ash
A．Europeans living in big cities.
B．People who often smoke cigarettes.
C．Those staying outdoors for a long time.
D．People in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano.
14．What does the underlined word “hysterical” in paragraph 5 most probably mean
A．Amazing. B．Practical. C．Valuable. D．Overstated.
15．What is the text mainly about
A．Panic caused by volcanic ash.
B．WHO’s warnings on volcanic ash.
C．Views on volcanic ash’s health risks.
D．Volcanic ash’s environmental effects.
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Are You a Prisoner of Perfection
Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach 16 Are you setting yourself up for failure and shame when you can’t achieve the unachievable Understanding what drives perfectionism is the first step toward releasing this self-created anchor that keeps us stuck.
Shame and fear are often the hidden drivers of perfectionism. We believe that if we can fashion a perfectly polished personality, flash our intelligence, and perfect our humour, then no one can hurt us with criticism and we’ll win respect and approval.
17 Politicians who display a desperate need to be right and refuse to acknowledge mistakes or uncertainty are often driven by a secret shame. They fear that showing vulnerability(弱点) will expose them to the accusation that they’re weak. They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.
Perfectionism keeps us leaning toward the future. We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do better. 18 However, if we can’t relax and enjoy lighter moments, then we become prisoners of our perfectionism. We get painfully self-conscious and take ourselves too seriously. Sadly, we deprive(剥夺) ourselves of the simple pleasure of enjoying the moment and being ourselves.
19 We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. Without failures, we’ll never learn from our mistakes; we’ll never move forward in our lives. Those who succeed have made countless mistakes. The important thing is to learn from our error, forgive ourselves and move on.
Being human, perfection is impossible. 20 Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, we’re freed to sail gracefully through our successes and failures—and enjoy our precious life.
A．Do you hold an idealized vision that is impossible to realize
B．A cure to perfectionism is to make room for our human shortcomings.
C．Do you fear that others will be horrified by what you judge about yourself
D．The addiction to staying perfect protects us from any sign of being imperfect.
E．There’s nothing wrong with wanting to do our best and self-correcting along the way.
F．People who are addicted to perfection are often isolated, even if they seem outgoing and popular.
G．By accepting ourselves as we are and doing our best, we begin to rid the shame that drives perfectionism.
四、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
Girls are better at reading and writing than boys as early as fourth grade, according to a study, and the gap continues to widen until senior year.
Scientists generally agree that boys and girls are psychologically more alike than they are different. But reading seems to be a(n) 21 , with growing evidence suggesting a similar 22 in writing. The study, published in the journal American Psychologist, provided further 23 to support this view.
David Reilly, lead author of the study, said the study 24 the commonly held view that boys and girls start grade school with the same cognitive abilities. “It appears that the gender gap for writing tasks has been greatly 25 , and despite our best efforts with changes in teaching methods, that does not appear to be 26 over time,” he said.
Factors explaining the results could include learning 27 being more prevalent among boys; the pressure to conform to masculine (男子汉的) ideals and the idea of reading and language being feminine (女性的); and slight 28 in how boys and girls use their brain hemispheres (半球), the authors believe.
To investigate how 29 levels differed between boys and girls in the U.S., the team studied data collected over three decades in the National Assessment of Educational Progress. This database of test scores on over 3 million students in the fourth, eighth, and twelfth grades 30 national and state performances in a range of subjects, and considered such variables such as disabilities or whether children were English learners. Reading and writing was 31 according to children’s understanding of a range of different passages and genres.
32 , girls were found to perform significantly better in reading and writing tests by fourth grade when compared with boys of the same age. As children progressed to eighth and twelfth grades, girls continued to 33 boys, but the difference was more noticeable in writing than reading. But what caused this difference in abilities Evidence suggests 34 problems, such as being disruptive（扰乱性的） in class or being aggressive could be linked to neurological conditions. What is known as lateralization (偏侧化) could also play a role. Boys are believed to use one hemisphere when reading or writing, while girls appear to use both. The data did not, however, provide evidence to argue 35 the two genders having different learning styles.
21．A．distinction B．exception C．objection D．limitation
22．A．pattern B．standard C．circumstance D．feature
23．A．strategy B．signal C．sign D．evidence
24．A．confirmed B．represented C．questioned D．introduced
25．A．underestimated B．overemphasized C．underrepresented D．justified
26．A．increasing B．promoting C．accepting D．reducing
27．A．objectives B．drills C．difficulties D．advantages
28．A．contributions B．differences C．communications D．similarities
29．A．literacy B．literary C．academic D．cognitive
30．A．pulled down B．settled down C．turned down D．broke down
31．A．granted B．measured C．designed D．engineered
32．A．Likewise B．Overall C．However D．Besides
33．A．overtake B．discourage C．parallel D．distinguish
34．A．psychological B．emotional C．behavioral D．mental
35．A．in line with B．at the mercy of C．on account of D．in favor of
五、语篇（本大题共1小题）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 36 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
Go is one of 37 earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition.
“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope 38 (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”
“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ’ 39 (guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
“The players’ personalities 40 (reveal) during the game and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always 41 (try) to beat the opponent 42 no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side． ”
Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 43 (strategy) placement of the pieces, 44 the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, 45 (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
46．假定你是李华，你校将举办英语演讲比赛，主题为“The Power of Small Actions in Environmental Protection”。请你写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1．环保的重要性；
2．你的实践经历。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear teachers and classmates,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
七、读后续写（本大题共1小题）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My wife and I wanted to share our new home with family and friends by hosting a small gathering in the early summer. She had prepared lots of snacks, while my job was to have the backyard in order.
There was plenty of space for the kids to run and play. There was just one thing I hadn’t counted on: My brother chose to bring his dog Toby, a 50-pound ball of fire． Though friendly, he could easily knock over my niece’s small boys and my six-month-old granddaughter. So, when my brother showed up, I asked him to watch Toby and keep him outside．
My plan was working out just fine． Toby was using up his energy by running back and forth in the backyard and giving the kids plenty of room. Unexpectedly, after supper, the weather changed． It started to rain and everyone went indoors.
It was an awkward moment. I didn’t want Toby to be running around in the house, and my brother wasn’t happy with driving home with a wet dog. Eventually, my brother decided to leave rather than force the issue．
A few days passed, and I hadn’t heard anything from my brother. I texted him and expressed wishes for him to come out again. His reply came as a surprise — a shock, actually: “Not a chance．” Clearly, he was unhappy over the way we had parted． After all, I had left him little choice． Well, he’ll get over it, I reasoned．
Two months passed． My wife suggested I get in touch with my brother, but I resisted, thinking he should call first. However, my conscience (良心) kept bothering me． I tried to put myself in my brother’s shoes. He was facing health issues and his wife of thirty-five years had passed away a few months earlier. Toby was his constant companion, the one who kept him going.
注意:
(1)续写词数应为150个左右；
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I realized it was me who was at fault.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With the biscuits my wife had made, I arrived at my brother’s door.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、阅读单选（3题）
【答案】
1． C
2． B
3． B
【分析】
本文主要介绍了一个名为“栖息地恢复小队”的公益环保组织,包括该组织的宗旨、志愿者招募要求以及最近的活动安排。
【详解】
1． 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys．可知,该环保组织致力于恢复山脊和山谷地区易受影响的资源并保护濒危物种。保护自然资源和濒危物种,也就是保护当地的生态系统。故选C项。
2． 细节理解题。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分中的Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome．可知,该环保组织欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者报名参加,即最低的年龄要求为10岁。故选B项。
3． 细节理解题。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分中的We’ll be working rain or shine．及Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary．可知,无论晴天还是雨天,志愿者们都要工作,要求中还提示多带几套衣服以应对天气变化,并且必要时可带一件雨衣。由此可知,志愿者们预计即使在恶劣的天气中也要工作。故选B项。
二、阅读单选（4题）
【答案】4．C 5．A 6．A 7．D
【分析】本文为一篇新闻报道。佛罗里达附近的第三大珊瑚礁面临珊瑚组织丧失疾病的威胁，科学家们将一些物种转移到奥兰多的实验室以保护遗传基因，并试图培育出抵抗疾病的珊瑚。最终目标是将实验室培育的珊瑚重新回到佛罗里达旁的珊瑚礁区。
【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Just off the Florida Keys lies the world’s third-largest coral reef(珊瑚礁), which was once an energetic habitat for millions of plants and animals. But an outbreak of stony coral tissue loss disease threatens to destroy 20 of the 45 species found there, including larger reef-building corals. (佛罗里达群岛附近有世界第三大珊瑚礁，这里曾经是数百万动植物的栖息地。但是，石珊瑚组织丧失疾病的爆发威胁着那里45种珊瑚中的20种，包括更大的造礁珊瑚。)”可知，世界第三大珊瑚礁在佛罗里达群岛附近，爆发疾病的是珊瑚，珊瑚礁区有数百万动植物。故选C项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段“‘This disease that is burning through the Florida Keys is an unbelievable event that is happening,' said Andrew Stamper, conservation science manager at Disney’s Animals, Science and Environment. ‘It’s like a wildfire.’ Stamper said that would endanger Florida’s fishing industry and food supply. ‘Unfortunately, we do not know exactly what is causing this,’ he said. (迪士尼动物、科学与环境保护科学经理斯坦珀说，‘正在佛罗里达群岛肆虐的这种疾病是一件令人难以置信的事情。它就像野火一样。’斯坦珀说，这将危及佛罗里达州的渔业和食品供应。他说，‘不幸的是，我们并不确切知道是什么导致了这种情况。’)”可知，珊瑚组织丧失疾病的根源尚不清楚。故选A项。
6．词句猜测题。根据第三段“In order to save the reef, scientists have moved some species hundreds of miles away to a lab in Orlando. Scientists work to simulate breeding(繁殖)conditions in the lab. The conditions are exactly the same as the living conditions of the coral. The work needs a lot of care, effort and attention to detail. LED lights exactly copy the sun and moon cycles. Volunteers feed the coral in water treated to mimic its real habitat. (为了拯救珊瑚礁，科学家们已经将一些物种转移到数百英里外奥兰多的一个实验室。科学家们在实验室里simulate繁殖条件。这些条件与珊瑚的生存条件完全相同。这项工作需要大量的细心、努力和对细节的关注。LED灯完全模仿太阳和月亮的周期。志愿者用模拟珊瑚真实栖息地的水喂养珊瑚。)”可知，在实验室里创造出的生存条件、太阳、月亮的周期，以及水都与珊瑚礁在原来栖息地的条件完全相同，即实验室模拟了珊瑚礁原有的繁殖条件，simulate意为“模拟，模仿”，与Copy意思相近，故选A项。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“‘This essentially is a gene bank,’ said Jim Kinsler, leader of SeaWorld Orlando. ‘We’re trying to protect the genetics of these corals so that their offspring (后代) can eventually be returned back to the Florida reef area.’ (奥兰多海洋世界的负责人金斯勒说，这实际上是一个基因库,‘我们正在努力保护这些珊瑚的基因，这样它们的后代最终就能回到佛罗里达的珊瑚礁区。’)”可知，科学家们保护珊瑚基因，希望能使他们的后代重返佛罗里达的珊瑚礁区。最后一段“‘We think the real challenge is just growing them out to a size, so we can test them in those waters, test their disease resistance (抵抗力), and then breed the successful corals by the hundreds of thousands literally,’ said Andrew Walker, president of the Fish & Wildlife Foundation of Florida. (佛罗里达州鱼类和野生动物基金会主席安德鲁·沃克说：‘我们认为真正的挑战只是把它们长到一定的尺寸，这样我们就可以在那些水域测试它们，测试它们的抗病能力，然后培育出成千上万的成功珊瑚。’)”，根据安德鲁·沃克的话可知，研究的目的是实验室能培育出成千上万的有抗病能力的珊瑚，这样它们才有机会重新回到佛罗里达的珊瑚礁区。故选D项。
【答案】8．D 9．B 10．C 11．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了天文学家发现超大质量黑洞约每三年半吞噬一次物质，通过观测恒星被撕裂释放的射线等，揭示其进食周期，助于理解宇宙形成。
【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第一段“The discovery provides key information about mysterious cosmic (宇宙的) forces, deepening scientists’ understanding of how the universe is formed. (这一发现为有关神秘宇宙力量的诸多问题提供了关键信息，进一步加深了科学家们对于宇宙形成机制的理解。)”可知，黑洞进食时间表的发现拓展了科学家对宇宙力量的认识。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“As the star was pulled apart, its material heated up, producing X-ray and ultraviolet light that was observed by the telescopes. (当这颗恒星被撕裂时，其物质温度升高，产生了X射线和紫外线光，这些光被望远镜观测到了。)”可知，该恒星释放出的X射线和紫外线使得黑洞的活动得以被发现。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, about two years later, the X-ray and UV light from the galaxy broke up again. This unexpected resurgence (复苏) suggested that the star had only been partially consumed during its first encounter, with more material being taken away as it approached the black hole again. (然而，大约两年后，来自星系的X射线和紫外线再次分解。这种出乎意料的再度复苏表明，在它首次与黑洞相遇时，该恒星只是被部分吞噬了，而在再次靠近黑洞的过程中，又有更多的物质被吸走了。)”可知，这颗恒星在一定程度上逃过了黑洞的吞噬。故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“On these grounds, the team predicts that the black hole’s next encounter with the star will begin between May and August 2025, although it is expected to be smaller, as most of the star has already been destroyed. (基于这些情况，研究团队预测，黑洞与这颗恒星的下一次相遇将在2025年5月至8月之间发生，不过预计这次相遇的规模会较小，因为大部分恒星已经遭到破坏。)”可知，C选项“下一次的相遇规模将会小于之前的那次。”正确。故选C。
【答案】
12．D
13．D
14．D
15．C
【分析】
本文是一篇新闻报道，围绕冰岛火山灰对人体健康的影响展开。世界卫生组织警告人们，若火山灰沉降，应尽量待在室内，因其可能危害健康。但其他专家对此有不同看法，认为火山灰的危害被夸大。
【详解】
12．细节理解题。根据第三段“During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy people.(在火山爆发期间，火山灰甚至可以被健康人深深吸入肺部并引起不适。)” 可知，即使是健康人也可能因火山灰感到不适。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段“And he said most Europeans’ exposure to volcanic ash would be negligible and that only those in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk.(他说，大多数欧洲人接触到火山灰的可能性可以忽略不计，只有冰岛火山附近地区的人才可能面临风险。)” 可知，肯 唐纳森认为冰岛火山附近地区的人最有可能因火山灰面临风险。故选D。
14．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Other experts, however, weren’t convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on people’s health(然而，其他专家不相信火山灰会对人们的健康产生重大影响)” 以及第五题“Spiro said to wear masks or stay indoors to avoid volcanic ash was ‘over the top’ and ‘a bit hysterical’(斯皮罗说，为避免火山灰而戴口罩或待在室内是“过头了”，有点“hysterical”)” 可知，专家认为世界卫生组织的警告有些夸大其词。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Europeans should try to stay indoors if ash from Iceland’s volcano starts settling, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned Friday(世界卫生组织周五警告称，如果冰岛火山灰开始沉降，欧洲人应尽量待在室内)”，表明 WHO 对火山灰影响健康的警告；第三段中“Other experts, however, weren’t convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on people’s health and said WHO’s warnings were ‘hysterical’. (然而，其他专家不相信火山灰会对人们的健康产生重大影响，并表示世卫组织的警告“有些夸张”。)”体现了其他专家与 WHO 不同的观点。综合来看，全文主要围绕对火山灰健康风险的不同观点展开。故选C。
三、七选五阅读
【答案】16．A 17．D 18．E 19．B 20．G
【分析】这是一篇说明文。羞耻和恐惧往往是完美主义背后的驱动力。如果我们能塑造一个完美的人格，展示我们的智慧，完善我们的幽默，那么没有人可以用批评来伤害我们，我们会赢得尊重和认可。
【解析】16．根据上文Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach 可知本空为列举完美主义带来的问题是为一个你无法达到的目标而奋斗、有一个无法实现的理想愿景，故选A。
17．本句为段首主题句。根据本段最后一句They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.可知坚持正确、完美和优雅的愿望，即使很明显皇帝没有穿衣服。可知沉迷于保持完美让我们不能忍受任何不完美的迹象。故选D。
18．根据上文We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do better. 为了做得更好，我们不断地评估自己。下文评价这样的行为“想要做最好的自己，并在过程中自我纠正，这没有什么错。”故选E。
19．根据下文We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. 我们意识到，在任何企业中失败都不意味着我们就是一个失败者。可知本段强调要学会容忍我们人类的缺点是治愈完美主义的方法，故选B。
20．根据下文Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, we’re freed to sail gracefully through our successes and failures—and enjoy our precious life.可知把自己从保护形象的欲望中释放出来，我们就能从容地走过成功和失败——享受我们宝贵的生命。故本空强调要通过接受我们自己，并尽我们最大的努力，开始摆脱驱动完美主义的羞耻。故选G。
四、完形（15空）
【答案】
21．B 22．A 23．D 24．C 25．A 26．D 27．C 28．B 29．A 30．D 31．B 32．B 33．A 34．C 35．D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要通过研究表明相比男孩，女孩的阅读和写作能力更佳，并分析了产生这种现象可能的原因。
【解析】21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但阅读似乎是个例外，越来越多的证据表明，写作也有类似的模式。A. distinction 差别；区别；B. exception 例外；C. objection 发对；D. limitation 限制。上文“Scientists generally agree that boys and girls are psychologically more alike than they are different.(科学家们普遍认为，男孩和女孩是很相似的)”此句与上句转折，说明此处要表达的是男孩与女孩不相似的的方面——阅读，也就是说阅读是一个例外，故选B。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：参见上题。A. pattern 模式；B. standard 标准；C. circumstance 环境；D. feature 特色。根据上文“Scientists generally agree that boys and girls are psychologically more alike than they are different. But reading seems to be a(n) 1 , (科学家们普遍认为，男孩和女孩是很相似的，但阅读似乎是个例外)”可知，科学家认为男孩和女孩是很相似的，但是阅读是一个例外，所以此处表达的是写作也和阅读一样，有相似的模式，也是个例外，是男孩和女孩有差异的方面，故选A。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项发表在《美国心理学家》杂志上的研究为支持这一观点提供了进一步的证据。A. strategy 策略；B. signal 信号；C. sign 迹象；标志；D. evidence 证据。根据空后“to support this view(来支持这种观点)”可知，用来支持观点的，应该是证据，故选D。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项研究的主要作者David Reilly说，这项研究质疑了人们普遍认为的男孩和女孩在上小学时认知能力相同的观点。A. confirmed 证实；B. represented 代表；C. questioned 质疑；D. introduced 介绍。根据第一段“Girls are better at reading and writing than boys as early as fourth grade, according to a study, and the gap continues to widen until senior year.(一项研究表明早在四年级，女生的阅读和写作能力就比男生强。)”再根据空后宾语，人们认为男孩和女孩在上小学时认知能力相同，可知此处表达这项研究是质疑了这个观点，故选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说：“看上去写作任务上的性别差异被极大的低估了，尽管我们在教学方法的改进方面做出了最大的努力，但随着时间的推移，该差异似乎并未渐渐减小。”A. underestimated 低估；B. overemphasized 过多强调；C. underrepresented 代表不足；D. justified 证明……正确。结合上题“David Reilly, lead author of the study, said the study 4 the commonly held view that boys and girls start grade school with the same cognitive abilities. (这项研究的主要作者David Reilly说，这项研究质疑了人们普遍认为的男孩和女孩在上小学时认知能力相同的观点。)”可知，人们普遍认为男孩和女孩在上小学时认知能力相同，而研究却表明男孩和女孩在读写方面是有差异的，所以此处表达是这种差异是被低估的，故选A。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：参见上题。A. increasing 增加；B. promoting 促进；提升；C. accepting 接受；D. reducing 减少。根据此句中的介词“despite(尽管)”以及句意，可知，此处要表达尽管在教学方法改进方面做了最大的努力，但是差异并没有减少，故选D。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作者认为，解释这一结果的因素可能包括学习困难在男孩中更为普遍；男孩面临遵循男性化标准的压力，认为阅读是女性的技能；男孩和女孩使用大脑半球的方式也略有不同。A. objectives 目标；B. drills 培训；C. difficulties 困难；D. advantages 优势。结合上面小题“It appears that the gender gap for writing tasks has been greatly 5 (看上去写作任务上的性别差异被极大的低估了)”分析可知，女孩在读写方面能力比男孩强，此段分析了这种情况的原因，既然男孩读写方面能力相对来说弱，那么可能他们学习的困难更普遍，故选C。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：参见上题。A. contributions贡献；B. differences不同；C. communications交流；D. similarities相似之处。根据本句“in how boys and girls use their brain hemispheres (半球)(男孩和女孩使用大脑半球的方式)”可知，男孩和女孩使用大脑半球的方式是不同的。故选B。
29．考查名词/形容词词义辨析。句意：为了调查美国男孩和女孩的读写水平的差异，研究小组研究了30多年来在国家教育进展评估中收集的数据。A. literacy读写能力；B. literary 文学的；C. academic 学术的；D. cognitive 认知的。根据第一段“Girls are better at reading and writing than boys as early as fourth grade, according to a study, and the gap continues to widen until senior year.(一项研究显示，女孩早在四年级时就比男孩更擅长阅读和写作，而且这种差距一直持续到高三。)”可知，早在四年级，女生的阅读和写作能力就比男生强，所以此处表达的是为了调查男孩和女孩的读写水平的差异，此空是名词作定语，故选A。
30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这一数据库收集了超过300万名四、八、十二年级学生的考试成绩，将他们在国家和州的一系列科目上的表现进行了细分，并考虑了诸如残疾或儿童是否是英语学习者等变量。A. pulled down 拆毁；降低；B. settled down 安定下来；C. turned down 调小；拒绝；D. broke down 将……分成若干部分；分解。根据本句“in a range of subjects, and considered such variables such as disabilities or whether children were English learners. (一系列科目上的表现进行了细分，并考虑了诸如残疾或儿童是否是英语学习者等变量)”可知，为了调查美国男孩和女孩的读写能力的差异，研究小组研究了一些数据，这些数据详细划分了学生在国家和州的科目上的具体表现，还考虑到一些变量，就是为了让调查结果更准确，故选D。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：阅读和写作是根据儿童对不同文章的段落和体裁的理解来衡量的。A. granted 同意；B. measured 测量；衡量；C. designed 设计；D. engineered 设计制造。根据本句“according to children’s understanding of a range of different passages and genres.(根据儿童对一系列不同段落和体裁的理解)”，可知，此处表达的是根据儿童对不同文章的段落和体裁的理解，阅读和写作来衡量，故选B。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：总的来说，与同龄男孩相比，女孩在四年级的阅读和写作测试中表现得更好。A. Likewise 同样地；B. Overall 总体上；C. However 但是；D. Besides 此外。此空副词作状语，修饰整个句子，根据空后“girls were found to perform significantly better in reading and writing tests by fourth grade when compared with boys of the same age. (与同龄男孩相比，女孩在四年级的阅读和写作测试中表现得更好。)”，可知，这是整体上的一种情况，故选B。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着孩子们升入八年级和十二年级，女生继续超过男生，但这种差异在写作方面比阅读方面更为明显。A. overtake 超过；赶上；B. discourage 阻拦；使灰心；C. parallel 比得上；与……相似；D. distinguish 区分；辨别。结合上文“ 12 , girls were found to perform significantly better in reading and writing tests by fourth grade when compared with boys of the same age. (总的来说，与同龄男孩相比，女孩在四年级的阅读和写作测试中表现得更好。)”可知，早在四年级，女生的阅读和写作能力就比男生强，而且差距还会进一步加大，可知此处表达的是随着孩子们升入八年级和十二年级，女生继续超过男生，故选A。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有证据表明，行为问题，如课堂上的破坏性行为或攻击性行为，可能与神经系统疾病有关。A. psychological 心理的；B. emotional 感情的；C. behavioral 有关行为的；D. mental 精神的。根据空后的举例“such as being disruptive in class or being aggressive(比如在课堂上捣乱或咄咄逼人)”可知，此处表达的是如课堂上的破坏性行为或攻击性行为的行为问题，故选C。
35．考查介词短语辨析。句意：然而，这些数据并没有提供支持拥有不同学习风格两种性别的证据。A. in line with 与……一致；B. at the mercy of 完全由……支配；C. on account of 因为；由于；D. in favor of 有利于；支持。结合“the two genders having different learning styles.(男孩和女孩在读写能力方面的差异)”以及全文可知，文章只是客观介绍了男孩和女孩在读写能力方面的差异，表明了他们不同的学习风格，但是并没有表明支持男孩或者女孩，故选D。
五、语篇
【答案】
36． which
37． the 38． to present
39． guidance
40． are revealed
41． tries 42． by
43． strategic
44． and 45． digitally
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了上海久事美术馆举办的一场以围棋为灵感的艺术展览。
【详解】
36．考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
37．考查冠词。句意：围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。
39．考查名词。句意：你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。故填guidance。
40．考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。
41．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。
42．考查介词。句意同上。“by+具体数值”表示“以（某一差值）”，此处指“以一到两分的优势”，符合语境。故填by。
43．考查形容词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰名词placement，需用形容词strategic“战略性的，策略的”，作定语。故填strategic。
44．考查连词。句意同上。the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, the energy flow following each move三者为并列关系，作并列主语，所以空处需用连词and。故填and。
45．考查副词。句意同上。此处修饰形容词generated，需用副词digitally“数字地”，作状语。故填digitally。
六、应用文写作
46．【答案】
Dear teachers and classmates,
Good morning! Today, I’d like to deliver a speech on The Power of Small Actions in Environmental Protection.
As we all know, protecting the environment is crucial to preserving ecosystems, combating climate change, and ensuring a healthy, sustainable future for all living beings. Then, how can we help Small daily actions do make a big difference. For example, I’ve started bringing a reusable water bottle and refusing plastic bags. At home, I turn off lights when I leave a room and recycle paper. These habits save resources and reduce waste.
Therefore, I appeal to all of you to start with small habits, because every step counts. Thank you for listening!
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。考生所在校将举办主题为“The Power of Small Actions in Environmental Protection”的英语演讲比赛，要求考生就此写一篇演讲稿。
【详解】
1．词汇积累：
至关重要的：crucial→vital
对抗：combat→fight
关闭：turn off→swith off
呼吁：appeal→call on
2．句式拓展：
同义句
原句：As we all know, protecting the environment is crucial to preserving ecosystems, combating climate change, and ensuring a healthy, sustainable future for all living beings.
拓展句：As we all know, it is crucial to preserve ecosystems, combat climate change, and ensure a healthy, sustainable future for all living beings by protecting the environment.
七、读后续写
47．【答案】One possible version:
I realized it was me who was at fault. I had been so focused on keeping the party under control that I failed to consider how important Toby was to my brother during this difficult time． My pride had kept me from reaching out, and now months had passed without a proper conversation. One evening, I picked up the phone and left him a voice message, apologizing for my behavior and asking if we could meet. To my relief, he called back the next day, and we agreed to get together soon.
With the biscuits my wife had made, I arrived at my brother’s door. He opened it with a surprised smile, and for a moment, neither of us spoke． Then we hugged — something we hadn’t done since before his wife passed away. We sat on the porch with Toby resting beside us, and I handed him the box of biscuits. “Thank you,” he said quietly. We talked for hours, laughing, remembering old times, and slowly rebuilding what had been lost. As I watched Toby gently rest his head on my brother’s leg, I knew we were finally on the path to healing.
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者因担心弟弟的狗Toby影响聚会，要求弟弟看好狗，后因天气变化导致弟弟提前离开并心生芥蒂。两个月后作者意识到自己的过错，主动带着妻子做的饼干登门道歉，最终兄弟俩和解的故事，展现了亲情中理解与包容的重要性。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我意识到是我错了。” 可知，第一段可描写作者反思自己在聚会上只顾控制局面，忽视了Toby对弟弟的重要性，因骄傲迟迟未联系弟弟，最终通过电话留言道歉并约定见面。
②由第二段首句内容“带着妻子做的饼干，我来到了弟弟家门口。”可知，第二段可描写弟弟开门时的惊讶与沉默，兄弟俩拥抱和解，坐在门廊上谈心，看着Toby依偎在弟弟腿边，明白亲情修复的意义。
2.续写线索：反思过错——电话留言道歉——约定见面——带饼干登门——拥抱沉默——谈心和解——领悟亲情
3.词汇激活
行为类
①道歉：apologize/say sorry/make an apology
②拥抱：hug/embrace
③重建：rebuild/restore/reconstruct
情绪类：
①宽慰：relief/comfort/satisfaction/ease
②惊讶：surprised /shocked/astonished
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
一、阅读单选（3题）（本大题共1小题）
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge．We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection．Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys．
GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance．Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form．
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome．Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15．
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form．Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed．
We’ll be working rain or shine．Wear clothes that can get dirty．Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary．
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch．
No experience necessary．Training and tools will be provided．Fulfills (满足) community service requirements．
UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday, Jan．15 10:00 am—1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan．22 10:00 am—2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday, Jan．29 9:30 am—2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
1． What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team
A．To discover mineral resources．
B．To develop new wildlife parks．
C．To protect the local ecosystem．
D．To conduct biological research．
2． What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
A．5． B．10．
C．15． D．18．
3． What are the volunteers expected to do
A．Bring their own tools．
B．Work even in bad weather．
C．Wear a team uniform．
D．Do at least three projects．
二、阅读单选（4题）（本大题共3小题）
Just off the Florida Keys lies the world’s third-largest coral reef (珊瑚礁), which was once an energetic habitat for millions of plants and animals. But an outbreak of stony coral tissue loss disease threatens to destroy 20 of the 45 species found there, including larger reef-building corals.
“This disease that is burning through the Florida Keys is an unbelievable event that is happening,” said Andrew Stamper, conservation science manager at Disney’s Animals, Science and Environment. “It’s like a wildfire.” Stamper said that would endanger Florida’s fishing industry and food supply. “Unfortunately, we do not know exactly what is causing this,” he said.
In order to save the reef, scientists have moved some species hundreds of miles away to a lab in Orlando. Scientists work to simulate breeding (繁殖) conditions in the lab. The conditions are exactly the same as the living conditions of the coral. The work needs a lot of care, effort and attention to detail. LED lights exactly copy the sun and moon cycles. Volunteers feed the coral in water treated to mimic its real habitat.
“This essentially is a gene bank,” said Jim Kinsler, leader of SeaWorld Orlando. “We’re trying to protect the genetics of these corals so that their offspring(后代)can eventually be returned back to the Florida reef area.”
The task of relocating the lab-grown coral to the sea is also a detailed task. Kinsler, who is part of a team of private and public partners operating the Florida Coral Rescue Center, said, “It’s the first time that many of them have been involved in rescuing an entire ecosystem,”
“We think the real challenge is just growing them out to a size, so we can test them in those waters, test their disease resistance (抵抗力), and then breed the successful corals by the hundreds of thousands literally,” said Andrew Walker, president of the Fish & Wildlife Foundation of Florida.
4．What do we know about the Florida Keys
A．It owns the world’s largest coral reef.
B．A disease broke out among people there.
C．The world’s third-largest coral reef is close to it.
D．It is now the habitat of millions of plants and animals.
5．What do Andrew Stamper’s words mean
A．The root of the disease is unclear.
B．A wildfire broke out in the Florida Keys.
C．The disease will spread across the Earth.
D．The disease has caused a great loss to the locals.
6．What does the underlined word “simulate” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Copy. B．Contrast. C．Escape. D．Feature.
7．What is the purpose of the research according to Andrew Walker
A．To restore the coral in the lab.
B．To sell the coral in the normal size.
C．To make more people involved in protecting the ecosystem.
D．To produce masses of disease-resistant coral back to the sea.
Astronomers have uncovered the feeding schedule of a supermassive black hole, revealing that it consumes material about every three and a half years. The discovery provides key information about mysterious cosmic (宇宙的) forces, deepening scientists’ understanding of how the universe is formed.
Astronomers first noticed the black hole’s activity when the galaxy it resides in experienced a significant increase in brightness in 2018. They identified this as a tidal (潮汐的) disruption (扰乱) event, which occurs when a star is torn apart by the intense gravitational (引力的) forces of a black hole. As the star was pulled apart, its material heated up, producing X-ray and ultraviolet light that was observed by the telescopes. This emission eventually faded, suggesting that the black hole had consumed the matter.
However, about two years later, the X-ray and UV light from the galaxy broke up again. This unexpected resurgence (复苏) suggested that the star had only been partially consumed during its first encounter, with more material being taken away as it approached the black hole again.
The astronomers learned that the star had moved into a highly extended orbit around the black hole after the first encounter. When it eventually approached again, the galaxy lit up with X-ray and UV light as more of the star’s material was consumed. This discovery allowed the scientists to calculate the star’s orbital period, helping them learn that the black hole consumes material approximately every three and a half years.
On these grounds, the team predicts that the black hole’s next encounter with the star will begin between May and August 2025, although it is expected to be smaller, as most of the star has already been destroyed.
8．What is the significance of the discovery of the feeding schedule of a black hole
A．It led to scientists’ discovery of a supermassive black hole.
B．It made the formation of the black hole known to scientists.
C．It changed scientists’ views about the threat from black holes.
D．It broadened scientists’ knowledge of the power of the universe.
9．What made the black hole’s activity discovered
A．The powerful gravitational pull of a black hole. B．The X-ray and UV light released by the star.
C．A sudden decrease in the galaxy’s brightness. D．A sharp rise in radio signals from the galaxy.
10．What does the author imply in paragraph 3
A．The star had the ability to recover. B．The black hole had unstable forces.
C．The star partly survived the black hole. D．The star shone before being pulled apart.
11．Which of the following statements is true according to the team’s prediction
A．The black hole’s feeding schedule will be changed.
B．The next encounter will take place outside the orbit.
C．The next encounter will be tinier than the previous one.
D．The star will be completely consumed by the black hole.
Europeans should try to stay indoors if ash from Iceland’s volcano starts settling, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned Friday as small amounts fell in Iceland, Scotland and Norway.
WHO spokesman Daniel Epstein said the microscopic ash is potentially dangerous for people when it starts to reach the Earth because inhaled particles (微粒) can enter the lungs and cause respiratory (呼吸的) problems. And he also said Europeans who go outside might want to consider wearing a mask.
Other experts, however, weren’t convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on people’s health and said WHO’s warnings were “hysterical”. They said volcanic ash was much less dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution. Volcanic ash is made of fine particles of fragmented volcanic rock. It is light gray to black and can be as fine as talcum powder. During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy people. But once it falls from a greater distance—like from the cloud currently hovering above Europe— its health effects are often minimal, experts say.
“Not all particles are created equal,” said Ken Donaldson, a professor of respiratory toxicology at the University of Edinburgh, “In the great scheme of things, volcanic ash is not all that harmful.” And he said most Europeans’ exposure to volcanic ash would be negligible and that only those in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk.
Dr. Stephen Spiro, a professor of respiratory medicine and deputy chair of the British Lung Foundation, said the further the particles travel, the less dangerous they will be. “The cloud has already passed over northern Scotland and we haven’t heard of any ill effects there,” he said. Spiro said to wear masks or stay indoors to avoid volcanic ash was “over the top” and “a bit hysterical”
12．What can you team in paragraph 3
A．The volcanic ash had no impact on Europeans.
B．Other experts highly approved of WHO’s warnings.
C．The volcanic ash posed more risks than cigarette smoke.
D．Even healthy people could experience discomfort due to the ash.
13．According to Ken Donaldson, who are most likely to be at risk due to the volcanic ash
A．Europeans living in big cities.
B．People who often smoke cigarettes.
C．Those staying outdoors for a long time.
D．People in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano.
14．What does the underlined word “hysterical” in paragraph 5 most probably mean
A．Amazing. B．Practical. C．Valuable. D．Overstated.
15．What is the text mainly about
A．Panic caused by volcanic ash.
B．WHO’s warnings on volcanic ash.
C．Views on volcanic ash’s health risks.
D．Volcanic ash’s environmental effects.
三、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Are You a Prisoner of Perfection
Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach 16 Are you setting yourself up for failure and shame when you can’t achieve the unachievable Understanding what drives perfectionism is the first step toward releasing this self-created anchor that keeps us stuck.
Shame and fear are often the hidden drivers of perfectionism. We believe that if we can fashion a perfectly polished personality, flash our intelligence, and perfect our humour, then no one can hurt us with criticism and we’ll win respect and approval.
17 Politicians who display a desperate need to be right and refuse to acknowledge mistakes or uncertainty are often driven by a secret shame. They fear that showing vulnerability(弱点) will expose them to the accusation that they’re weak. They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.
Perfectionism keeps us leaning toward the future. We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do better. 18 However, if we can’t relax and enjoy lighter moments, then we become prisoners of our perfectionism. We get painfully self-conscious and take ourselves too seriously. Sadly, we deprive(剥夺) ourselves of the simple pleasure of enjoying the moment and being ourselves.
19 We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. Without failures, we’ll never learn from our mistakes; we’ll never move forward in our lives. Those who succeed have made countless mistakes. The important thing is to learn from our error, forgive ourselves and move on.
Being human, perfection is impossible. 20 Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, we’re freed to sail gracefully through our successes and failures—and enjoy our precious life.
A．Do you hold an idealized vision that is impossible to realize
B．A cure to perfectionism is to make room for our human shortcomings.
C．Do you fear that others will be horrified by what you judge about yourself
D．The addiction to staying perfect protects us from any sign of being imperfect.
E．There’s nothing wrong with wanting to do our best and self-correcting along the way.
F．People who are addicted to perfection are often isolated, even if they seem outgoing and popular.
G．By accepting ourselves as we are and doing our best, we begin to rid the shame that drives perfectionism.
四、完形（15空）（本大题共1小题）
Girls are better at reading and writing than boys as early as fourth grade, according to a study, and the gap continues to widen until senior year.
Scientists generally agree that boys and girls are psychologically more alike than they are different. But reading seems to be a(n) 21 , with growing evidence suggesting a similar 22 in writing. The study, published in the journal American Psychologist, provided further 23 to support this view.
David Reilly, lead author of the study, said the study 24 the commonly held view that boys and girls start grade school with the same cognitive abilities. “It appears that the gender gap for writing tasks has been greatly 25 , and despite our best efforts with changes in teaching methods, that does not appear to be 26 over time,” he said.
Factors explaining the results could include learning 27 being more prevalent among boys; the pressure to conform to masculine (男子汉的) ideals and the idea of reading and language being feminine (女性的); and slight 28 in how boys and girls use their brain hemispheres (半球), the authors believe.
To investigate how 29 levels differed between boys and girls in the U.S., the team studied data collected over three decades in the National Assessment of Educational Progress. This database of test scores on over 3 million students in the fourth, eighth, and twelfth grades 30 national and state performances in a range of subjects, and considered such variables such as disabilities or whether children were English learners. Reading and writing was 31 according to children’s understanding of a range of different passages and genres.
32 , girls were found to perform significantly better in reading and writing tests by fourth grade when compared with boys of the same age. As children progressed to eighth and twelfth grades, girls continued to 33 boys, but the difference was more noticeable in writing than reading. But what caused this difference in abilities Evidence suggests 34 problems, such as being disruptive（扰乱性的） in class or being aggressive could be linked to neurological conditions. What is known as lateralization (偏侧化) could also play a role. Boys are believed to use one hemisphere when reading or writing, while girls appear to use both. The data did not, however, provide evidence to argue 35 the two genders having different learning styles.
21．A．distinction B．exception C．objection D．limitation
22．A．pattern B．standard C．circumstance D．feature
23．A．strategy B．signal C．sign D．evidence
24．A．confirmed B．represented C．questioned D．introduced
25．A．underestimated B．overemphasized C．underrepresented D．justified
26．A．increasing B．promoting C．accepting D．reducing
27．A．objectives B．drills C．difficulties D．advantages
28．A．contributions B．differences C．communications D．similarities
29．A．literacy B．literary C．academic D．cognitive
30．A．pulled down B．settled down C．turned down D．broke down
31．A．granted B．measured C．designed D．engineered
32．A．Likewise B．Overall C．However D．Besides
33．A．overtake B．discourage C．parallel D．distinguish
34．A．psychological B．emotional C．behavioral D．mental
35．A．in line with B．at the mercy of C．on account of D．in favor of
五、语篇（本大题共1小题）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 36 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
Go is one of 37 earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition.
“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope 38 (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”
“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ’ 39 (guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
“The players’ personalities 40 (reveal) during the game and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always 41 (try) to beat the opponent 42 no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side． ”
Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 43 (strategy) placement of the pieces, 44 the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, 45 (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
六、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
46．假定你是李华，你校将举办英语演讲比赛，主题为“The Power of Small Actions in Environmental Protection”。请你写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1．环保的重要性；
2．你的实践经历。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear teachers and classmates,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
七、读后续写（本大题共1小题）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My wife and I wanted to share our new home with family and friends by hosting a small gathering in the early summer. She had prepared lots of snacks, while my job was to have the backyard in order.
There was plenty of space for the kids to run and play. There was just one thing I hadn’t counted on: My brother chose to bring his dog Toby, a 50-pound ball of fire． Though friendly, he could easily knock over my niece’s small boys and my six-month-old granddaughter. So, when my brother showed up, I asked him to watch Toby and keep him outside．
My plan was working out just fine． Toby was using up his energy by running back and forth in the backyard and giving the kids plenty of room. Unexpectedly, after supper, the weather changed． It started to rain and everyone went indoors.
It was an awkward moment. I didn’t want Toby to be running around in the house, and my brother wasn’t happy with driving home with a wet dog. Eventually, my brother decided to leave rather than force the issue．
A few days passed, and I hadn’t heard anything from my brother. I texted him and expressed wishes for him to come out again. His reply came as a surprise — a shock, actually: “Not a chance．” Clearly, he was unhappy over the way we had parted． After all, I had left him little choice． Well, he’ll get over it, I reasoned．
Two months passed． My wife suggested I get in touch with my brother, but I resisted, thinking he should call first. However, my conscience (良心) kept bothering me． I tried to put myself in my brother’s shoes. He was facing health issues and his wife of thirty-five years had passed away a few months earlier. Toby was his constant companion, the one who kept him going.
注意:
(1)续写词数应为150个左右；
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I realized it was me who was at fault.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With the biscuits my wife had made, I arrived at my brother’s door.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、阅读单选（3题）
【答案】
1． C
2． B
3． B
【分析】
本文主要介绍了一个名为“栖息地恢复小队”的公益环保组织,包括该组织的宗旨、志愿者招募要求以及最近的活动安排。
【详解】
1． 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys．可知,该环保组织致力于恢复山脊和山谷地区易受影响的资源并保护濒危物种。保护自然资源和濒危物种,也就是保护当地的生态系统。故选C项。
2． 细节理解题。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分中的Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome．可知,该环保组织欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者报名参加,即最低的年龄要求为10岁。故选B项。
3． 细节理解题。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分中的We’ll be working rain or shine．及Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary．可知,无论晴天还是雨天,志愿者们都要工作,要求中还提示多带几套衣服以应对天气变化,并且必要时可带一件雨衣。由此可知,志愿者们预计即使在恶劣的天气中也要工作。故选B项。
二、阅读单选（4题）
【答案】4．C 5．A 6．A 7．D
【分析】本文为一篇新闻报道。佛罗里达附近的第三大珊瑚礁面临珊瑚组织丧失疾病的威胁，科学家们将一些物种转移到奥兰多的实验室以保护遗传基因，并试图培育出抵抗疾病的珊瑚。最终目标是将实验室培育的珊瑚重新回到佛罗里达旁的珊瑚礁区。
【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Just off the Florida Keys lies the world’s third-largest coral reef(珊瑚礁), which was once an energetic habitat for millions of plants and animals. But an outbreak of stony coral tissue loss disease threatens to destroy 20 of the 45 species found there, including larger reef-building corals. (佛罗里达群岛附近有世界第三大珊瑚礁，这里曾经是数百万动植物的栖息地。但是，石珊瑚组织丧失疾病的爆发威胁着那里45种珊瑚中的20种，包括更大的造礁珊瑚。)”可知，世界第三大珊瑚礁在佛罗里达群岛附近，爆发疾病的是珊瑚，珊瑚礁区有数百万动植物。故选C项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段“‘This disease that is burning through the Florida Keys is an unbelievable event that is happening,' said Andrew Stamper, conservation science manager at Disney’s Animals, Science and Environment. ‘It’s like a wildfire.’ Stamper said that would endanger Florida’s fishing industry and food supply. ‘Unfortunately, we do not know exactly what is causing this,’ he said. (迪士尼动物、科学与环境保护科学经理斯坦珀说，‘正在佛罗里达群岛肆虐的这种疾病是一件令人难以置信的事情。它就像野火一样。’斯坦珀说，这将危及佛罗里达州的渔业和食品供应。他说，‘不幸的是，我们并不确切知道是什么导致了这种情况。’)”可知，珊瑚组织丧失疾病的根源尚不清楚。故选A项。
6．词句猜测题。根据第三段“In order to save the reef, scientists have moved some species hundreds of miles away to a lab in Orlando. Scientists work to simulate breeding(繁殖)conditions in the lab. The conditions are exactly the same as the living conditions of the coral. The work needs a lot of care, effort and attention to detail. LED lights exactly copy the sun and moon cycles. Volunteers feed the coral in water treated to mimic its real habitat. (为了拯救珊瑚礁，科学家们已经将一些物种转移到数百英里外奥兰多的一个实验室。科学家们在实验室里simulate繁殖条件。这些条件与珊瑚的生存条件完全相同。这项工作需要大量的细心、努力和对细节的关注。LED灯完全模仿太阳和月亮的周期。志愿者用模拟珊瑚真实栖息地的水喂养珊瑚。)”可知，在实验室里创造出的生存条件、太阳、月亮的周期，以及水都与珊瑚礁在原来栖息地的条件完全相同，即实验室模拟了珊瑚礁原有的繁殖条件，simulate意为“模拟，模仿”，与Copy意思相近，故选A项。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“‘This essentially is a gene bank,’ said Jim Kinsler, leader of SeaWorld Orlando. ‘We’re trying to protect the genetics of these corals so that their offspring (后代) can eventually be returned back to the Florida reef area.’ (奥兰多海洋世界的负责人金斯勒说，这实际上是一个基因库,‘我们正在努力保护这些珊瑚的基因，这样它们的后代最终就能回到佛罗里达的珊瑚礁区。’)”可知，科学家们保护珊瑚基因，希望能使他们的后代重返佛罗里达的珊瑚礁区。最后一段“‘We think the real challenge is just growing them out to a size, so we can test them in those waters, test their disease resistance (抵抗力), and then breed the successful corals by the hundreds of thousands literally,’ said Andrew Walker, president of the Fish & Wildlife Foundation of Florida. (佛罗里达州鱼类和野生动物基金会主席安德鲁·沃克说：‘我们认为真正的挑战只是把它们长到一定的尺寸，这样我们就可以在那些水域测试它们，测试它们的抗病能力，然后培育出成千上万的成功珊瑚。’)”，根据安德鲁·沃克的话可知，研究的目的是实验室能培育出成千上万的有抗病能力的珊瑚，这样它们才有机会重新回到佛罗里达的珊瑚礁区。故选D项。
【答案】8．D 9．B 10．C 11．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了天文学家发现超大质量黑洞约每三年半吞噬一次物质，通过观测恒星被撕裂释放的射线等，揭示其进食周期，助于理解宇宙形成。
【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第一段“The discovery provides key information about mysterious cosmic (宇宙的) forces, deepening scientists’ understanding of how the universe is formed. (这一发现为有关神秘宇宙力量的诸多问题提供了关键信息，进一步加深了科学家们对于宇宙形成机制的理解。)”可知，黑洞进食时间表的发现拓展了科学家对宇宙力量的认识。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“As the star was pulled apart, its material heated up, producing X-ray and ultraviolet light that was observed by the telescopes. (当这颗恒星被撕裂时，其物质温度升高，产生了X射线和紫外线光，这些光被望远镜观测到了。)”可知，该恒星释放出的X射线和紫外线使得黑洞的活动得以被发现。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, about two years later, the X-ray and UV light from the galaxy broke up again. This unexpected resurgence (复苏) suggested that the star had only been partially consumed during its first encounter, with more material being taken away as it approached the black hole again. (然而，大约两年后，来自星系的X射线和紫外线再次分解。这种出乎意料的再度复苏表明，在它首次与黑洞相遇时，该恒星只是被部分吞噬了，而在再次靠近黑洞的过程中，又有更多的物质被吸走了。)”可知，这颗恒星在一定程度上逃过了黑洞的吞噬。故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“On these grounds, the team predicts that the black hole’s next encounter with the star will begin between May and August 2025, although it is expected to be smaller, as most of the star has already been destroyed. (基于这些情况，研究团队预测，黑洞与这颗恒星的下一次相遇将在2025年5月至8月之间发生，不过预计这次相遇的规模会较小，因为大部分恒星已经遭到破坏。)”可知，C选项“下一次的相遇规模将会小于之前的那次。”正确。故选C。
【答案】
12．D
13．D
14．D
15．C
【分析】
本文是一篇新闻报道，围绕冰岛火山灰对人体健康的影响展开。世界卫生组织警告人们，若火山灰沉降，应尽量待在室内，因其可能危害健康。但其他专家对此有不同看法，认为火山灰的危害被夸大。
【详解】
12．细节理解题。根据第三段“During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy people.(在火山爆发期间，火山灰甚至可以被健康人深深吸入肺部并引起不适。)” 可知，即使是健康人也可能因火山灰感到不适。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段“And he said most Europeans’ exposure to volcanic ash would be negligible and that only those in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk.(他说，大多数欧洲人接触到火山灰的可能性可以忽略不计，只有冰岛火山附近地区的人才可能面临风险。)” 可知，肯 唐纳森认为冰岛火山附近地区的人最有可能因火山灰面临风险。故选D。
14．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Other experts, however, weren’t convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on people’s health(然而，其他专家不相信火山灰会对人们的健康产生重大影响)” 以及第五题“Spiro said to wear masks or stay indoors to avoid volcanic ash was ‘over the top’ and ‘a bit hysterical’(斯皮罗说，为避免火山灰而戴口罩或待在室内是“过头了”，有点“hysterical”)” 可知，专家认为世界卫生组织的警告有些夸大其词。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Europeans should try to stay indoors if ash from Iceland’s volcano starts settling, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned Friday(世界卫生组织周五警告称，如果冰岛火山灰开始沉降，欧洲人应尽量待在室内)”，表明 WHO 对火山灰影响健康的警告；第三段中“Other experts, however, weren’t convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on people’s health and said WHO’s warnings were ‘hysterical’. (然而，其他专家不相信火山灰会对人们的健康产生重大影响，并表示世卫组织的警告“有些夸张”。)”体现了其他专家与 WHO 不同的观点。综合来看，全文主要围绕对火山灰健康风险的不同观点展开。故选C。
三、七选五阅读
【答案】16．A 17．D 18．E 19．B 20．G
【分析】这是一篇说明文。羞耻和恐惧往往是完美主义背后的驱动力。如果我们能塑造一个完美的人格，展示我们的智慧，完善我们的幽默，那么没有人可以用批评来伤害我们，我们会赢得尊重和认可。
【解析】16．根据上文Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach 可知本空为列举完美主义带来的问题是为一个你无法达到的目标而奋斗、有一个无法实现的理想愿景，故选A。
17．本句为段首主题句。根据本段最后一句They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.可知坚持正确、完美和优雅的愿望，即使很明显皇帝没有穿衣服。可知沉迷于保持完美让我们不能忍受任何不完美的迹象。故选D。
18．根据上文We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do better. 为了做得更好，我们不断地评估自己。下文评价这样的行为“想要做最好的自己，并在过程中自我纠正，这没有什么错。”故选E。
19．根据下文We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. 我们意识到，在任何企业中失败都不意味着我们就是一个失败者。可知本段强调要学会容忍我们人类的缺点是治愈完美主义的方法，故选B。
20．根据下文Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, we’re freed to sail gracefully through our successes and failures—and enjoy our precious life.可知把自己从保护形象的欲望中释放出来，我们就能从容地走过成功和失败——享受我们宝贵的生命。故本空强调要通过接受我们自己，并尽我们最大的努力，开始摆脱驱动完美主义的羞耻。故选G。
四、完形（15空）
【答案】
21．B 22．A 23．D 24．C 25．A 26．D 27．C 28．B 29．A 30．D 31．B 32．B 33．A 34．C 35．D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要通过研究表明相比男孩，女孩的阅读和写作能力更佳，并分析了产生这种现象可能的原因。
【解析】21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但阅读似乎是个例外，越来越多的证据表明，写作也有类似的模式。A. distinction 差别；区别；B. exception 例外；C. objection 发对；D. limitation 限制。上文“Scientists generally agree that boys and girls are psychologically more alike than they are different.(科学家们普遍认为，男孩和女孩是很相似的)”此句与上句转折，说明此处要表达的是男孩与女孩不相似的的方面——阅读，也就是说阅读是一个例外，故选B。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：参见上题。A. pattern 模式；B. standard 标准；C. circumstance 环境；D. feature 特色。根据上文“Scientists generally agree that boys and girls are psychologically more alike than they are different. But reading seems to be a(n) 1 , (科学家们普遍认为，男孩和女孩是很相似的，但阅读似乎是个例外)”可知，科学家认为男孩和女孩是很相似的，但是阅读是一个例外，所以此处表达的是写作也和阅读一样，有相似的模式，也是个例外，是男孩和女孩有差异的方面，故选A。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项发表在《美国心理学家》杂志上的研究为支持这一观点提供了进一步的证据。A. strategy 策略；B. signal 信号；C. sign 迹象；标志；D. evidence 证据。根据空后“to support this view(来支持这种观点)”可知，用来支持观点的，应该是证据，故选D。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项研究的主要作者David Reilly说，这项研究质疑了人们普遍认为的男孩和女孩在上小学时认知能力相同的观点。A. confirmed 证实；B. represented 代表；C. questioned 质疑；D. introduced 介绍。根据第一段“Girls are better at reading and writing than boys as early as fourth grade, according to a study, and the gap continues to widen until senior year.(一项研究表明早在四年级，女生的阅读和写作能力就比男生强。)”再根据空后宾语，人们认为男孩和女孩在上小学时认知能力相同，可知此处表达这项研究是质疑了这个观点，故选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说：“看上去写作任务上的性别差异被极大的低估了，尽管我们在教学方法的改进方面做出了最大的努力，但随着时间的推移，该差异似乎并未渐渐减小。”A. underestimated 低估；B. overemphasized 过多强调；C. underrepresented 代表不足；D. justified 证明……正确。结合上题“David Reilly, lead author of the study, said the study 4 the commonly held view that boys and girls start grade school with the same cognitive abilities. (这项研究的主要作者David Reilly说，这项研究质疑了人们普遍认为的男孩和女孩在上小学时认知能力相同的观点。)”可知，人们普遍认为男孩和女孩在上小学时认知能力相同，而研究却表明男孩和女孩在读写方面是有差异的，所以此处表达是这种差异是被低估的，故选A。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：参见上题。A. increasing 增加；B. promoting 促进；提升；C. accepting 接受；D. reducing 减少。根据此句中的介词“despite(尽管)”以及句意，可知，此处要表达尽管在教学方法改进方面做了最大的努力，但是差异并没有减少，故选D。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作者认为，解释这一结果的因素可能包括学习困难在男孩中更为普遍；男孩面临遵循男性化标准的压力，认为阅读是女性的技能；男孩和女孩使用大脑半球的方式也略有不同。A. objectives 目标；B. drills 培训；C. difficulties 困难；D. advantages 优势。结合上面小题“It appears that the gender gap for writing tasks has been greatly 5 (看上去写作任务上的性别差异被极大的低估了)”分析可知，女孩在读写方面能力比男孩强，此段分析了这种情况的原因，既然男孩读写方面能力相对来说弱，那么可能他们学习的困难更普遍，故选C。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：参见上题。A. contributions贡献；B. differences不同；C. communications交流；D. similarities相似之处。根据本句“in how boys and girls use their brain hemispheres (半球)(男孩和女孩使用大脑半球的方式)”可知，男孩和女孩使用大脑半球的方式是不同的。故选B。
29．考查名词/形容词词义辨析。句意：为了调查美国男孩和女孩的读写水平的差异，研究小组研究了30多年来在国家教育进展评估中收集的数据。A. literacy读写能力；B. literary 文学的；C. academic 学术的；D. cognitive 认知的。根据第一段“Girls are better at reading and writing than boys as early as fourth grade, according to a study, and the gap continues to widen until senior year.(一项研究显示，女孩早在四年级时就比男孩更擅长阅读和写作，而且这种差距一直持续到高三。)”可知，早在四年级，女生的阅读和写作能力就比男生强，所以此处表达的是为了调查男孩和女孩的读写水平的差异，此空是名词作定语，故选A。
30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这一数据库收集了超过300万名四、八、十二年级学生的考试成绩，将他们在国家和州的一系列科目上的表现进行了细分，并考虑了诸如残疾或儿童是否是英语学习者等变量。A. pulled down 拆毁；降低；B. settled down 安定下来；C. turned down 调小；拒绝；D. broke down 将……分成若干部分；分解。根据本句“in a range of subjects, and considered such variables such as disabilities or whether children were English learners. (一系列科目上的表现进行了细分，并考虑了诸如残疾或儿童是否是英语学习者等变量)”可知，为了调查美国男孩和女孩的读写能力的差异，研究小组研究了一些数据，这些数据详细划分了学生在国家和州的科目上的具体表现，还考虑到一些变量，就是为了让调查结果更准确，故选D。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：阅读和写作是根据儿童对不同文章的段落和体裁的理解来衡量的。A. granted 同意；B. measured 测量；衡量；C. designed 设计；D. engineered 设计制造。根据本句“according to children’s understanding of a range of different passages and genres.(根据儿童对一系列不同段落和体裁的理解)”，可知，此处表达的是根据儿童对不同文章的段落和体裁的理解，阅读和写作来衡量，故选B。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：总的来说，与同龄男孩相比，女孩在四年级的阅读和写作测试中表现得更好。A. Likewise 同样地；B. Overall 总体上；C. However 但是；D. Besides 此外。此空副词作状语，修饰整个句子，根据空后“girls were found to perform significantly better in reading and writing tests by fourth grade when compared with boys of the same age. (与同龄男孩相比，女孩在四年级的阅读和写作测试中表现得更好。)”，可知，这是整体上的一种情况，故选B。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着孩子们升入八年级和十二年级，女生继续超过男生，但这种差异在写作方面比阅读方面更为明显。A. overtake 超过；赶上；B. discourage 阻拦；使灰心；C. parallel 比得上；与……相似；D. distinguish 区分；辨别。结合上文“ 12 , girls were found to perform significantly better in reading and writing tests by fourth grade when compared with boys of the same age. (总的来说，与同龄男孩相比，女孩在四年级的阅读和写作测试中表现得更好。)”可知，早在四年级，女生的阅读和写作能力就比男生强，而且差距还会进一步加大，可知此处表达的是随着孩子们升入八年级和十二年级，女生继续超过男生，故选A。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有证据表明，行为问题，如课堂上的破坏性行为或攻击性行为，可能与神经系统疾病有关。A. psychological 心理的；B. emotional 感情的；C. behavioral 有关行为的；D. mental 精神的。根据空后的举例“such as being disruptive in class or being aggressive(比如在课堂上捣乱或咄咄逼人)”可知，此处表达的是如课堂上的破坏性行为或攻击性行为的行为问题，故选C。
35．考查介词短语辨析。句意：然而，这些数据并没有提供支持拥有不同学习风格两种性别的证据。A. in line with 与……一致；B. at the mercy of 完全由……支配；C. on account of 因为；由于；D. in favor of 有利于；支持。结合“the two genders having different learning styles.(男孩和女孩在读写能力方面的差异)”以及全文可知，文章只是客观介绍了男孩和女孩在读写能力方面的差异，表明了他们不同的学习风格，但是并没有表明支持男孩或者女孩，故选D。
五、语篇
【答案】
36． which
37． the 38． to present
39． guidance
40． are revealed
41． tries 42． by
43． strategic
44． and 45． digitally
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了上海久事美术馆举办的一场以围棋为灵感的艺术展览。
【详解】
36．考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
37．考查冠词。句意：围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。
39．考查名词。句意：你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。故填guidance。
40．考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。
41．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。
42．考查介词。句意同上。“by+具体数值”表示“以（某一差值）”，此处指“以一到两分的优势”，符合语境。故填by。
43．考查形容词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰名词placement，需用形容词strategic“战略性的，策略的”，作定语。故填strategic。
44．考查连词。句意同上。the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, the energy flow following each move三者为并列关系，作并列主语，所以空处需用连词and。故填and。
45．考查副词。句意同上。此处修饰形容词generated，需用副词digitally“数字地”，作状语。故填digitally。
六、应用文写作
46．【答案】
Dear teachers and classmates,
Good morning! Today, I’d like to deliver a speech on The Power of Small Actions in Environmental Protection.
As we all know, protecting the environment is crucial to preserving ecosystems, combating climate change, and ensuring a healthy, sustainable future for all living beings. Then, how can we help Small daily actions do make a big difference. For example, I’ve started bringing a reusable water bottle and refusing plastic bags. At home, I turn off lights when I leave a room and recycle paper. These habits save resources and reduce waste.
Therefore, I appeal to all of you to start with small habits, because every step counts. Thank you for listening!
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。考生所在校将举办主题为“The Power of Small Actions in Environmental Protection”的英语演讲比赛，要求考生就此写一篇演讲稿。
【详解】
1．词汇积累：
至关重要的：crucial→vital
对抗：combat→fight
关闭：turn off→swith off
呼吁：appeal→call on
2．句式拓展：
同义句
原句：As we all know, protecting the environment is crucial to preserving ecosystems, combating climate change, and ensuring a healthy, sustainable future for all living beings.
拓展句：As we all know, it is crucial to preserve ecosystems, combat climate change, and ensure a healthy, sustainable future for all living beings by protecting the environment.
七、读后续写
47．【答案】One possible version:
I realized it was me who was at fault. I had been so focused on keeping the party under control that I failed to consider how important Toby was to my brother during this difficult time． My pride had kept me from reaching out, and now months had passed without a proper conversation. One evening, I picked up the phone and left him a voice message, apologizing for my behavior and asking if we could meet. To my relief, he called back the next day, and we agreed to get together soon.
With the biscuits my wife had made, I arrived at my brother’s door. He opened it with a surprised smile, and for a moment, neither of us spoke． Then we hugged — something we hadn’t done since before his wife passed away. We sat on the porch with Toby resting beside us, and I handed him the box of biscuits. “Thank you,” he said quietly. We talked for hours, laughing, remembering old times, and slowly rebuilding what had been lost. As I watched Toby gently rest his head on my brother’s leg, I knew we were finally on the path to healing.
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者因担心弟弟的狗Toby影响聚会，要求弟弟看好狗，后因天气变化导致弟弟提前离开并心生芥蒂。两个月后作者意识到自己的过错，主动带着妻子做的饼干登门道歉，最终兄弟俩和解的故事，展现了亲情中理解与包容的重要性。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我意识到是我错了。” 可知，第一段可描写作者反思自己在聚会上只顾控制局面，忽视了Toby对弟弟的重要性，因骄傲迟迟未联系弟弟，最终通过电话留言道歉并约定见面。
②由第二段首句内容“带着妻子做的饼干，我来到了弟弟家门口。”可知，第二段可描写弟弟开门时的惊讶与沉默，兄弟俩拥抱和解，坐在门廊上谈心，看着Toby依偎在弟弟腿边，明白亲情修复的意义。
2.续写线索：反思过错——电话留言道歉——约定见面——带饼干登门——拥抱沉默——谈心和解——领悟亲情
3.词汇激活
行为类
①道歉：apologize/say sorry/make an apology
②拥抱：hug/embrace
③重建：rebuild/restore/reconstruct
情绪类：
①宽慰：relief/comfort/satisfaction/ease
②惊讶：surprised /shocked/astonished
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第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页