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Unit 4 完型填空精练
精练篇
Passage 1……………………………………………………1
基础篇
Passage 2……………………………………………………6
Passage 3……………………………………………………11
Passage 4……………………………………………………15
拔高篇
Passage 5……………………………………………………20
Passage 6……………………………………………………24
Passage 7……………………………………………………29
Passage 8……………………………………………………33
Passage 9……………………………………………………38
精练篇
Passage 1
难度
To reduce losses from earthquakes, China has built a nationwide earthquake early warning system. The system 1 of three parts: seismometers (地震仪) placed in earthquake-prone areas, communication satellites, and local warning centers. Seismometers 2 tiny ground movements as soon as an earthquake starts and send data to satellites, which then pass the information to warning centers.
By 2023, over 12,000 seismometers had been 3 across the country, covering most high-risk regions. Before this system, many small towns in remote areas had no way to get 4 warnings. In 2008, the Wenchuan earthquake caught people by 5 — most people only realized what was happening when buildings started shaking. But now, the system can give people 10 to 60 seconds to prepare before the main shock 6 .
For example, during a 5.8-magnitude earthquake in Sichuan in 2022, the system sent warnings to over 2 million people. Schools stopped classes immediately, and people moved to 7 places like open squares. This quick response 8 the number of injuries by nearly 40%.
However, the system isn’t perfect. In some mountainous areas, bad weather can 9 the signal from satellites, making warnings late. Scientists are now working to 10 the system by adding more seismometers and using stronger signals. They hope to make the warnings even more 11 and reach every corner of the country.
Local governments also play a key role. They organize regular drills to teach people how to 12 during an earthquake — like hiding under desks or staying away from windows. These drills help people stay 13 when a real warning comes.
“The system is like a ‘guardian’ for us,” said a teacher in Sichuan. “It doesn’t just give warnings — it gives us 14 to protect ourselves and our families.” As China continues to improve its disaster prevention work, more lives will be 15 in the future.
A. approves B. consists C. expects D. rids
A. detect B. ignore C. hide D. miss
A. removed B. installed C. repaired D. replaced
A. slow B. late C. early D. wrong
A. surprise B. mistake C. accident D. force
A. ends B. hits C. stops D. appears
A. dangerous B. quiet C. safe D. crowded
A. increased B. doubled C. kept D. reduced
A. block B. send C. receive D. improve
A. break B. expand C. damage D. destroy
A. expensive B. reliable C. difficult D. interesting
A. react B. play C. work D. rest
A. excited B. nervous C. calm D. sad
A. time B. money C. food D. water
A. lost B. saved C. hurt D. found
答案及解析
B. consists
解析：固定搭配 “consist of” 表示 “由…… 组成”，句意为 “该系统由三部分构成”；“approve（批准）”“expect（期待）”“rid（摆脱）” 均无 “组成” 含义，且不搭配 “of”，排除 A、C、D。
A. detect
解析：地震仪的核心功能是 “检测” 地面微小运动，“detect（探测、检测）” 符合科学仪器的作用；“ignore（忽视）”“hide（隐藏）”“miss（错过）” 与 “地震预警” 的逻辑矛盾，排除 B、C、D。
B. installed
解析：句意为 “截至 2023 年，全国已安装超过 1.2 万台地震仪”，“installed（安装）” 体现 “设备部署”；“removed（移除）”“repaired（修理）”“replaced（替换）” 均与 “覆盖高风险区域” 的目的相反，排除 A、C、D。
C. early
解析：后文对比 “汶川地震时无预警”，说明此前偏远小镇无法获得 “早期” 预警，“early（早期的）” 符合 “预警系统的核心价值”；“slow（缓慢的）”“late（迟到的）” 与预警功能矛盾，“wrong（错误的）” 无语境支撑，排除 A、B、D。
A. surprise
解析：固定短语 “catch sb by surprise” 表示 “使某人措手不及”，句意为 “2008 年汶川地震让人们措手不及”；“mistake（错误）”“accident（事故）”“force（力量）” 均不搭配 “catch sb by”，排除 B、C、D。
B. hits
解析：“hit” 在此处表示 “（自然灾害）袭击”，贴合 “主震来临” 的场景；“ends（结束）”“stops（停止）” 与 “准备应对地震” 的语境相反，“appears（出现）” 侧重 “视觉可见”，不用于描述地震 “袭击”，排除 A、C、D。
C. safe
解析：地震时需前往 “安全的” 地方（如空旷广场），“safe（安全的）” 符合避险需求；“dangerous（危险的）” 与目的相反，“quiet（安静的）”“crowded（拥挤的）” 非避险核心要素，排除 A、B、D。
D. reduced
解析：前文 “快速响应”（停课、转移）的结果是 “减少受伤人数”，“reduced（减少）” 符合逻辑；“increased（增加）”“doubled（翻倍）” 与 “积极应对” 的效果矛盾，“kept（保持）” 未体现 “变化”，排除 A、B、C。
A. block
解析：句意为 “恶劣天气会阻碍卫星信号，导致预警延迟”，“block（阻碍、阻断）” 体现 “信号传输受阻”；“send（发送）”“receive（接收）” 是信号传输的正常环节，“improve（改善）” 与 “预警延迟” 矛盾，排除 B、C、D。
B. expand
解析：科学家通过 “增加地震仪数量、增强信号” 来 “优化扩展” 系统，“expand（扩展、完善）” 符合 “提升系统性能” 的逻辑；“break（破坏）”“damage（损坏）”“destroy（摧毁）” 均与 “改进系统” 的目的相反，排除 A、C、D。
B. reliable
解析：优化系统的目标是让预警更 “可靠”（即准确、及时），“reliable（可靠的）” 符合 “保障安全” 的需求；“expensive（昂贵的）”“difficult（困难的）”“interesting（有趣的）” 均非预警系统的核心评价标准，排除 A、C、D。
A. react
解析：句意为 “政府组织演练，教人们地震时如何应对”，“react（应对、反应）” 涵盖 “躲在桌下、远离窗户” 等具体动作；“play（玩耍）”“work（工作）”“rest（休息）” 与 “地震避险” 无关，排除 B、C、D。
C. calm
解析：演练的目的是让人们在真实预警来临时保持 “冷静”，避免恐慌，“calm（冷静的）” 符合 “有序避险” 的需求；“excited（兴奋的）”“nervous（紧张的）”“sad（悲伤的）” 均不利于应对灾害，排除 A、B、D。
A. time
解析：预警系统的核心作用是 “提供 10-60 秒准备时间”，让人们有时间保护自己，“time（时间）” 直接呼应前文 “预警时长”；“money（钱）”“food（食物）”“water（水）” 均非预警系统直接提供的资源，排除 B、C、D。
B. saved
解析：句意为 “随着防灾工作的完善，未来更多生命将被挽救”，“saved（拯救）” 符合 “预警系统减少伤亡” 的最终效果；“lost（失去）”“hurt（伤害）” 与 “防灾目标” 矛盾，“found（找到）” 侧重 “寻找失踪者”，非核心效果，排除 A、C、D。
基础篇
Passage 2
难度
Last Saturday night, 12-year-old Li Ming was doing his homework when he smelled something strange — smoke. He looked out the window and saw flames coming from his neighbor’s house. His parents were out, so Li Ming stayed 1 and called 119 first.
The fire was from Aunt Wang’s kitchen. Aunt Wang had fallen asleep while cooking, and a pot had 2 fire. Her 3-year-old son, Xiao Yu, was still inside. Li Ming ran to Aunt Wang’s door and 3 hard, but no one answered — Aunt Wang had passed out from smoke.
Just then, a firefighter team 4 . They quickly used water hoses to put out the fire near the door. One firefighter, Mr. Zhang, put on a breathing mask and 5 into the house to find Xiao Yu. The house was full of smoke, so Mr. Zhang crawled on his 6 and knees to avoid the smoke.
After a few minutes, Mr. Zhang came out with Xiao Yu in his arms. Xiao Yu was unconscious, but he was still 7 . The firefighters gave him first aid, and soon Xiao Yu opened his eyes. Aunt Wang was also taken to the hospital and later 8 .
The next day, Aunt Wang visited Li Ming with a basket of fruit. “Thank you for calling for help so quickly,” she said. “You were so 9 — most kids would have been scared.” Li Ming smiled and said, “I just did what I should do. The firefighters are the real 10 .”
This experience taught Li Ming an important lesson: in a disaster, it’s important to stay calm and 11 for help. He also learned that firefighters risk their 12 to save others every day. Now, Li Ming wants to join the school’s fire safety club to learn more about how to 13 fires and help people.
Every weekend, he and his classmates practice fire drills. They learn to use fire extinguishers and find 14 ways out of a building. Li Ming hopes that if there’s another fire, he can help even more 15 .
A. calm B. nervous C. excited D. sad
A. made B. caught C. took D. got
A. knocked B. pushed C. pulled D. opened
A. left B. arrived C. slept D. worked
A. walked B. ran C. rushed D. jumped
A. hands B. feet C. arms D. legs
A. eating B. breathing C. crying D. laughing
A. returned B. died C. disappeared D. woke up
A. brave B. shy C. quiet D. lazy
A. doctors B. heroes C. teachers D. students
A. pay B. ask C. look D. wait
A. time B. money C. lives D. jobs
A. prevent B. start C. stop D. make
A. slow B. safe C. fast D. dangerous
A. animals B. plants C. people D. things
答案及解析
A. calm
解析：后文 “先拨打 119” 说明李明在火灾中保持 “冷静”，“calm（冷静的）” 符合 “有序应对危机” 的场景；“nervous（紧张的）”“excited（兴奋的）”“sad（悲伤的）” 均会导致慌乱，与 “正确求助” 矛盾，排除 B、C、D。
B. caught
解析：固定短语 “catch fire” 表示 “着火”，句意为 “王阿姨做饭时睡着，锅着火了”；“made（制造）”“took（拿）”“got（得到）” 均不搭配 “fire” 表示 “起火”，排除 A、C、D。
A. knocked
解析：李明想救人，需 “用力敲门” 确认屋内情况，“knocked（敲）” 符合 “试图叫醒王阿姨” 的动作；“pushed（推）”“pulled（拉）” 可能破坏门，“opened（打开）” 需门未锁，与 “无人应答” 矛盾，排除 B、C、D。
B. arrived
解析：后文 “用消防水管灭火” 说明消防队 “到达” 现场，“arrived（到达）” 是灾害救援的关键节点；“left（离开）”“slept（睡觉）”“worked（工作）” 与 “灭火救人” 的场景无关，排除 A、C、D。
C. rushed
解析：消防员需 “快速冲进” 着火房屋救人，“rushed（冲、奔）” 体现 “紧急救援” 的紧迫性；“walked（走）” 速度过慢，“ran（跑）” 侧重 “快速移动”，“jumped（跳）” 动作不当，排除 A、B、D。
A. hands
解析：固定表达 “on one’s hands and knees” 表示 “手脚并用地爬”，因房屋充满烟雾，需低姿前进，“hands（手）” 与 “knees（膝盖）” 搭配符合动作逻辑；“feet（脚）”“arms（胳膊）”“legs（腿）” 均无法构成该动作，排除 B、C、D。
B. breathing
解析：后文 “消防员做急救，小雨很快睁眼” 说明小雨虽昏迷但仍 “呼吸”，“breathing（呼吸）” 是生命体征的核心体现；“eating（吃）”“crying（哭）”“laughing（笑）” 均与 “昏迷” 状态矛盾，排除 A、C、D。
D. woke up
解析：前文 “王阿姨因烟雾昏迷”，后文 “感谢李明” 说明她后来 “醒了”，“woke up（醒来）” 符合 “恢复意识” 的逻辑；“returned（返回）”“died（死亡）”“disappeared（消失）” 与 “感谢求助者” 的场景矛盾，排除 A、B、C。
A. brave
解析：李明在火灾中主动求助、尝试救人，与 “大多数孩子会害怕” 形成对比，“brave（勇敢的）” 符合对他的评价；“shy（害羞的）”“quiet（安静的）”“lazy（懒惰的）” 均无法体现 “应对火灾的勇气”，排除 B、C、D。
B. heroes
解析：消防员冒险救人，是灾害中的 “英雄”，“heroes（英雄）” 符合李明对消防员的认可；“doctors（医生）”“teachers（老师）”“students（学生）” 均与 “灭火救人” 的职业身份不符，排除 A、C、D。
B. ask
解析：固定短语 “ask for help” 表示 “求助”，句意为 “灾害中保持冷静并求助很重要”；“pay（支付）”“look（寻找，需加 for）”“wait（等待）” 均不搭配 “for help” 表达 “主动求助”，排除 A、C、D。
C. lives
解析：消防员的工作是 “冒着生命危险救人”，“lives（生命）” 符合 “职业风险” 的描述；“time（时间）”“money（钱）”“jobs（工作）” 均非 “救灾时的核心风险”，排除 A、B、D。
A. prevent
解析：李明加入消防俱乐部，目的是学习 “预防火灾” 的知识，“prevent（预防）” 符合 “安全俱乐部的宗旨”；“start（引发）”“stop（停止，侧重灭火）”“make（制造）” 均与 “学习安全知识” 的目的矛盾，排除 B、C、D。
B. safe
解析：火灾演练需学习 “安全出口” 的位置，“safe（安全的）” 是出口的核心属性；“slow（缓慢的）”“fast（快速的）” 侧重 “速度”，“dangerous（危险的）” 与 “出口” 功能矛盾，排除 A、C、D。
C. people
解析：李明希望未来能帮助更多 “人”，呼应前文 “消防员救人、自己求助” 的助人主题；“animals（动物）”“plants（植物）”“things（物品）” 均非 “灾害救援的核心对象”，排除 A、B、D。
Passage 3
难度
In 2020, a big flood hit southern China. 8-year-old Mei Mei lived in a small village near the river with her family. One afternoon, the river 1 its banks, and water rushed into the village. Mei Mei’s parents were working in the field, so she was alone at home. The water rose quickly. Mei Mei climbed onto the table, but the water kept 2 . She felt scared and started crying — just then, a big wave swept her away.
When Mei Mei woke up, she was lying on a dry bank, with a stranger standing over her. “Are you OK ” the stranger asked. Mei Mei nodded, still too 3 to speak. The stranger was Mr. Liu, a volunteer helping people escape the flood. He took Mei Mei to a 4 center in the next town. There, Mei Mei met other children who’d lost their families. For weeks, Mr. Liu helped her look for her parents, but no one knew where they were. Mei Mei started to 5 hope — she thought her parents might be dead.
Then one day, a woman came to the center, looking for her daughter Mei Mei. When Mei Mei saw her, she ran as fast as she could and 6 her tightly. It was her mother! She said Mei Mei’s father was also safe — they’d been rescued by a boat. The family was finally 7 . Mei Mei’s mother thanked Mr. Liu many times. “You gave us back our daughter,” she said. Mr. Liu smiled: “That’s what volunteers do — we help each other in 8 .”
After the flood, Mei Mei’s village was 9 . But with help from the government and volunteers, they built new houses. Mei Mei went back to school and made new friends. She often told her classmates about her experience: “When you’re in trouble, don’t give up. There are always people who want to 10 you.” Many students were 11 by her story and wanted to be volunteers too.
Mei Mei wrote a story about her experience, titled “From Disaster to Hope.” In it, she wrote: “Floods can destroy houses, but they can’t destroy our 12 .” The story was put on the school wall, and many students read it — some even said it made them want to help others. Mei Mei felt happy; she never thought her small experience could 13 so many people. Now, when she thinks about the flood, she doesn’t feel scared anymore. Instead, she feels lucky — lucky to be saved, lucky to have her family back, and lucky to be able to 14 others. Every time she meets someone in need, she tries her best to 15 them, just like Mr. Liu once helped her.
A. broke B. kept C. held D. closed
A. falling B. rising C. staying D. moving
A. happy B. angry C. scared D. tired
A. rescue B. school C. hospital D. park
A. gain B. lose C. have D. keep
A. hugged B. hit C. pushed D. pulled
A. lost B. separated C. reunited D. broken
A. peace B. danger C. health D. wealth
A. built B. destroyed C. cleaned D. painted
A. hurt B. help C. stop D. find
A. bored B. excited C. surprised D. touched
A. houses B. clothes C. hope D. food
A. help B. influence C. hurt D. stop
A. teach B. learn C. help D. save
A. teach B. learn C. help D. save
答案及解析
A. broke
解析：固定搭配 “break the banks” 表示 “（河流）冲破堤坝”，是洪水的典型场景，“broke（冲破）” 符合 “水冲进村庄” 的逻辑；“kept（保持）”“held（握住）”“closed（关闭）” 均无法体现 “堤坝失效”，排除 B、C、D。
B. rising
解析：前文 “爬上桌子” 说明水位持续 “上升”，“rising（上升）” 符合 “洪水蔓延” 的动态；“falling（下降）” 与 “避险动作” 矛盾，“staying（停留）”“moving（移动）” 无法体现水位变化，排除 A、C、D。
C. scared
解析：梅梅被洪水冲走后醒来，因恐惧 “说不出话”，“scared（害怕的）” 符合 “受灾后的情绪”；“happy（开心的）”“angry（生气的）” 与场景矛盾，“tired（疲惫的）” 未体现核心情绪，排除 A、B、D。
A. rescue
解析：刘先生是救灾志愿者，需将梅梅带到 “救援中心”（临时安置受灾群众），“rescue（救援）” 符合 “灾后安置” 场景；“school（学校）”“hospital（医院，侧重治疗）”“park（公园）” 均非专门安置点，排除 B、C、D。
B. lose
解析：前文 “数周找不到父母”，后文 “以为父母去世”，说明梅梅开始 “失去” 希望，“lose（失去）” 符合情绪变化；“gain（获得）”“have（拥有）”“keep（保持）” 与语境相反，排除 A、C、D。
A. hugged
解析：梅梅见到母亲后 “紧紧拥抱”，是亲人团聚的自然动作，“hugged（拥抱）” 体现情感；“hit（击打）”“pushed（推）”“pulled（拉）” 均为负面或无情感动作，排除 B、C、D。
C. reunited
解析：前文 “母亲出现”“父亲也安全”，说明一家人 “团聚”，“reunited（团聚）” 贴合 “洪水后家庭重逢” 的主题；“lost（丢失）”“separated（分离）” 与语境相反，“broken（破碎）” 语义不符，排除 A、B、D。
B. danger
解析：志愿者的职责是 “在危险中帮助他人”，“danger（危险）” 对应 “洪水灾害” 场景；“peace（和平）”“health（健康）”“wealth（财富）” 均与 “救灾” 无关，排除 A、C、D。
B. destroyed
解析：后文 “重建新房” 说明村庄被洪水 “摧毁”，“destroyed（摧毁）” 符合灾后景象；“built（建造）”“cleaned（打扫）”“painted（粉刷）” 语义相反，排除 A、C、D。
B. help
解析：梅梅的感悟是 “遇到困难时，总有人想帮助你”，“help（帮助）” 呼应前文志愿者、政府的援助行为；“hurt（伤害）”“stop（阻止）”“find（找到）” 语义不符，排除 A、C、D。
D. touched
解析：梅梅的经历让同学们 “深受触动”，进而想成为志愿者，“touched（感动的）” 符合 “引发行动的情感”；“bored（无聊的）”“excited（兴奋的，侧重愉悦）”“surprised（惊讶的，侧重意外）” 均无法体现 “被打动后想助人” 的逻辑，排除 A、B、C。
C. hope
解析：后文 “用善意和帮助重建新事物” 说明 “洪水摧毁房屋，但无法摧毁希望”，“hope（希望）” 体现灾后重建的精神；“houses（房子）”“clothes（衣服）”“food（食物）” 均为物质层面，与 “精神内核” 不符，排除 A、B、D。
B. influence
解析：梅梅没想到自己的经历能 “影响” 这么多人，“influence（影响）” 符合 “故事引发他人行动” 的逻辑；“help（帮助）”“hurt（伤害）”“stop（阻止）” 语义不符，排除 A、C、D。
C. help
解析：梅梅因被救助而希望 “帮助” 他人，“help（帮助）” 呼应全文 “互助” 主题；“teach（教）”“learn（学）”“save（拯救，程度过重）” 均无法体现 “传递善意” 的核心，排除 A、B、D。
C. help
解析：前文 “希望帮助他人”，此处 “尽力帮助需要的人”，“help（帮助）” 保持语义一致，贴合 “传递助人精神” 的结局；“teach（教）”“learn（学）”“save（拯救）” 语义不符，排除 A、B、D。
Passage 4
难度
Last Tuesday, an earthquake hit a small town in Yunnan. Most people ran out of their houses quickly, but 10-year-old Xiao Hong remembered her cat, Lulu, was still inside. Her parents wanted to take her to safety, but she cried: “We can’t leave Lulu! She’s like my little 1 .” They warned, “The house might fall down!” But Xiao Hong wouldn’t 2 . Just then, firefighters Chen and Li arrived. Xiao Hong ran to them and 3 , “Please save my cat — she’s in my bedroom on the second floor!”
Firefighter Chen knelt down and said, “Don’t worry. We’ll try our best, but we have to be 4 — the house is unstable.” He and Li put on helmets and walked carefully inside. The house was a mess: books on the floor, a shelf fallen over. Li called “Lulu ” but got no 5 . They checked under the bed and in the closet. Finally, Chen heard a soft “meow” from under the desk. Lulu was scared, so Chen gently 6 her out. She was shaking but unhurt. When Chen carried Lulu out, Xiao Hong held her tightly and thanked them: “You’re my 7 !”
Firefighter Li smiled: “Animals are part of our families too.” He told Xiao Hong to keep Lulu close during 8 . This experience made Xiao Hong want to learn more about earthquake safety. She asked her teacher to teach the class how to 9 during quakes — like staying away from windows and avoiding elevators. Weeks later, the town started to rebuild, and Xiao Hong’s family moved back into their repaired house. Every time she sees firefighters, she waves — she knows they save not just people, but 10 too.
Last weekend, Xiao Hong’s school held a “Safety Day” event. Firefighters Chen and Li gave a talk, showing students how to use a fire extinguisher. Xiao Hong asked, “How do you find trapped pets in dark houses ” The students were 11 and asked more questions. Xiao Hong then started a “Pet Safety Club.” She and her friends made posters about keeping pets safe in 12 . They put the posters around the school and neighborhood, and many people stopped to 13 them.
Every time Xiao Hong looks at Lulu, she remembers the rescue. She knows kindness and courage can make a big 14 , even in a disaster. She now helps neighbors take care of their pets when they’re busy, and she hopes to keep passing this kindness on in the 15 .
A. sister B. brother C. friend D. teacher
A. go B. stay C. come D. leave
A. shouted B. whispered C. talked D. said
A. quick B. careful C. slow D. brave
A. answer B. sound C. noise D. voice
A. pulled B. pushed C. hit D. kicked
A. enemies B. heroes C. students D. teachers
A. parties B. holidays C. disasters D. classes
A. play B. work C. react D. sleep
A. plants B. animals C. toys D. books
A. bored B. excited C. sad D. angry
A. disaster B. party C. class D. holiday
A. read B. write C. draw D. sell
A. difference B. mistake C. problem D. mess
A. past B. present C. future D. now
答案及解析
C. friend
解析：露露是小红的宠物猫，“像朋友一样” 体现人与宠物的亲密关系，“friend（朋友）” 符合 “不愿抛弃” 的情感基础；“sister（姐妹）”“brother（兄弟）” 为亲属关系，“teacher（老师）” 语义不符，排除 A、B、D。
D. leave
解析：前文 “父母想带她去安全地方”，后文 “不愿抛弃露露” 说明小红不愿 “离开” 家，“leave（离开）” 符合 “拒绝撤离” 的场景；“stay（留下）” 需搭配 “at home”，“come（来）”“go（走）” 方向模糊，排除 A、B、C。
A. shouted
解析：小红紧急求助时需 “大声喊” 以引起消防员注意，“shouted（呼喊）” 体现紧迫性；“whispered（小声说）”“talked（交谈）”“said（说）” 语气过轻，无法传递紧急需求，排除 B、C、D。
B. careful
解析：后文 “房子不稳定” 提示消防员必须 “小心”，“careful（小心的）” 符合 “避免房屋坍塌” 的安全要求；“quick（快的）”“slow（慢的）” 侧重速度，“brave（勇敢的）” 侧重勇气，均非 “应对危险建筑” 的核心，排除 A、C、D。
A. answer
解析：消防员呼唤露露，但未得到 “回应”，“answer（回应）” 侧重 “主动回应呼唤”；“sound（声音，泛指）”“noise（噪音）”“voice（嗓音，侧重人 / 动物叫声）” 均无法体现 “无回应” 的核心，排除 B、C、D。
A. pulled
解析：露露害怕躲在桌下，消防员需 “轻轻拉出来”，“pulled（拉）” 符合 “温柔救援宠物” 的动作；“pushed（推）”“hit（打）”“kicked（踢）” 均为粗暴动作，与 “rescue（救助）” 矛盾，排除 B、C、D。
B. heroes
解析：消防员救了露露，小红称他们为 “英雄”，“heroes（英雄）” 体现感激与认可；“enemies（敌人）”“students（学生）”“teachers（老师）” 均与 “救援者身份” 不符，排除 A、C、D。
C. disasters
解析：消防员提醒小红 “未来遇到灾害时” 看好宠物，“disasters（灾害）” 涵盖 “地震、洪水” 等危险场景；“parties（派对）”“holidays（假期）”“classes（上课）” 均无危险，排除 A、B、D。
C. react
解析：老师教学生地震时如何 “应对”（如远离窗户、不乘电梯），“react（应对）” 符合 “应急动作” 的描述；“play（玩）”“work（工作）”“sleep（睡）” 与 “地震避险” 无关，排除 A、B、D。
B. animals
解析：前文 “救露露（猫）”，此处总结 “消防员不仅救人，也救动物”，“animals（动物）” 呼应 “宠物救援” 主题；“plants（植物）”“toys（玩具）”“books（书）” 语义不符，排除 A、C、D。
B. excited
解析：消防员分享救狗故事，学生们 “很兴奋” 并提问，“excited（兴奋的）” 体现对救援故事的兴趣；“bored（无聊的）”“sad（伤心的）”“angry（生气的）” 与 “积极提问” 的场景矛盾，排除 A、C、D。
A. disaster
解析：海报主题是 “灾害中保护宠物”，“disaster（灾害）” 符合 “地震、火灾” 等危险场景；“party（派对）”“class（上课）”“holiday（假期）” 均无危险，排除 B、C、D。
A. read
解析：人们 “停下来读海报” 以获取宠物保护知识，“read（读）” 符合 “海报传播信息” 的功能；“write（写）”“draw（画）”“sell（卖）” 均与 “观看海报” 的动作矛盾，排除 B、C、D。
A. difference
解析：固定搭配 “make a big difference” 表示 “产生重大影响”，句意为 “善意和勇气在灾害中也能产生重大影响”；“mistake（错误）”“problem（问题）”“mess（混乱）” 语义不符，排除 B、C、D。
C. future
解析：句意为 “在未来继续传递善意”，“future（未来）” 与 “now（现在）” 呼应，体现 “长期传承助人精神”；“past（过去）”“present（现在，重复）”“now（现在，重复）” 排除 A、B、D。
提升篇
Passage 5
难度
On February 6, 2023, a powerful earthquake with a 1 of 7.8 hit southern Turkey. It destroyed over 850,000 2 , leaving millions homeless. The disaster was one of the deadliest recently, with more than 50,000 people 3 .
In the weeks after, rescuing survivors was the top priority. Teams from 40+ countries came to help: they used dogs to 4 people trapped under ruins and machines to move heavy bricks. One baby was saved after 128 hours without food or water. These stories gave people 5 in the dark days. When rescue work slowed, the focus turned to 6 .
The Turkish government promised 650,000 new 7 houses (designed to stand strong quakes). By early 2024, over 46,000 were already 8 , and families moved in. Rebuilding was hard: winter was cold, so many lived in small metal 9 before new houses were ready. Local volunteers 10 food and blankets to make their lives easier.
Schools were also key — many were destroyed, so temporary classrooms opened. Kids went back to school in March 2023, getting back to normal 11 . The disaster also brought people together: neighbors helped each other find shelter, and strangers donated supplies. A small town called Antakya was almost gone, but its people refused to 12 — they cleaned ruins and built small shops.
Experts said rebuilding would take years, but Turks stayed determined. “We lost much, but not our courage,” one resident said. This disaster taught the world: in trouble, people achieve more when they 13 . It also showed the 14 of earthquake-proof buildings. Years later, new houses and schools will remind people of the disaster — and the 15 and kindness that got them through.
A. force B. magnitude C. impact D. effect
A. houses B. buildings C. roads D. bridges
A. killed B. hurt C. saved D. helped
A. find B. save C. help D. hide
A. sadness B. hope C. fear D. anger
A. destruction B. creation C. reconstruction D. imagination
A. strong B. earthquake-proof C. big D. new
A. destroyed B. started C. completed D. stopped
A. houses B. containers C. tents D. shops
A. brought B. sold C. found D. bought
A. life B. work C. study D. play
A. give up B. keep up C. take up D. make up
A. fight B. argue C. unite D. disagree
A. Importance B. difficulty C. fun D. danger
A. courage B. fear C. sadness D. anger
答案及解析
B. magnitude
解析：固定用法 “earthquake magnitude” 表示 “地震震级”，句意为 “7.8 级地震”，是科学表述；“force（力量）”“impact（影响）”“effect（效果）” 均无法表示 “震级”，排除 A、C、D。
B. buildings
解析：地震摧毁 “建筑物”（涵盖房屋、道路、桥梁等），“buildings（建筑物）” 范围更广，符合 “85 万栋建筑被毁” 的表述；“houses（房子，仅住宅）”“roads（道路）”“bridges（桥梁）” 均片面，排除 A、C、D。
A. killed
解析：后文 “灾难是近年最致命的之一” 说明 “5 万多人死亡”，“killed（死亡）” 符合 “致命灾害” 的后果；“hurt（受伤）”“saved（获救）”“helped（帮助）” 均无法体现 “致命性”，排除 B、C、D。
A. find
解析：救援犬的作用是 “找到” 被困者，为后续救援铺路，“find（寻找）” 符合 “搜救流程”；“save（拯救，需后续救援动作）”“help（帮助，泛泛）”“hide（隐藏）” 与 “救援犬功能” 矛盾，排除 B、C、D。
B. hope
解析：“被困 128 小时的婴儿获救” 等故事给灾后黑暗中的人们带来 “希望”，“hope（希望）” 是灾后精神支撑；“sadness（悲伤）”“fear（恐惧）”“anger（愤怒）” 均为负面情绪，排除 A、C、D。
C. reconstruction
解析：前文 “救援放缓后”，重心转向 “重建”，“reconstruction（重建）” 对应 “建造新房、修复设施” 等动作；“destruction（破坏）”“creation（创造）”“imagination（想象）” 语义不符，排除 A、B、D。
B. earthquake-proof
解析：后文 “设计用于抵御强震” 说明是 “抗震” 房屋，“earthquake-proof（抗震的）” 是专门术语；“strong（坚固的，泛泛）”“big（大的）”“new（新的）” 均未体现 “抗地震” 的核心功能，排除 A、C、D。
C. completed
解析：后文 “许多家庭搬入” 说明房屋已 “完工”，“completed（完成）” 是 “入住” 的前提；“destroyed（摧毁）”“started（开始）”“stopped（停止）” 均无法体现 “可居住”，排除 A、B、D。
B. containers
解析：前文 “冬季寒冷”，临时安置点为 “金属集装箱”，“containers（集装箱）” 符合 “灾后临时住房” 的常见形式；“houses（房子，非临时）”“tents（帐篷，保暖性差）”“shops（商店，非居住）” 排除 A、C、D。
A. brought
解析：志愿者为受灾家庭 “带来” 食物和毯子，“brought（带来）” 体现 “援助物资的输送”；“sold（卖）”“found（找到）”“bought（买）” 均与 “志愿者无偿援助” 的属性矛盾，排除 B、C、D。
A. life
解析：“孩子们 3 月返校” 是为了 “恢复正常生活”，“life（生活）” 涵盖 “学习、社交” 等日常；“work（工作，不针对孩子）”“study（学习，仅部分）”“play（玩耍，仅部分）” 均片面，排除 B、C、D。
A. give up
解析：安塔基亚镇几乎被毁，但居民 “不放弃”，自行清理废墟，“give up（放弃）” 符合 “灾后坚韧” 的精神；“keep up（坚持，需加 with）”“take up（占据）”“make up（编造）” 语义不符，排除 B、C、D。
C. unite
解析：后文 “邻居互助、陌生人捐赠” 说明 “人们团结时能成就大事”，“unite（团结）” 呼应 “集体救灾” 主题；“fight（斗争）”“argue（争论）”“disagree（反对）” 均为负面行为，排除 A、B、D。
A. Importance
解析：前文 “抗震房屋让家庭安全入住”，说明 “抗震建筑的重要性”，“Importance（重要性）” 符合 “灾害教训” 的总结；“difficulty（困难）”“fun（乐趣）”“danger（危险）” 语义不符，排除 B、C、D。
A. courage
解析：前文 “居民不放弃、自行重建” 体现 “勇气”，与 “kindness（善意）” 并列，构成灾后支撑；“fear（恐惧）”“sadness（悲伤）”“anger（愤怒）” 均为负面情绪，排除 B、C、D。
Passage 6
难度
Climate change is making sea levels rise worldwide. Scientists say U.S. coastal sea levels will rise about one foot by 2050 — even more on some coasts. For coastal towns with millions of people, this is terrible news.
Sea levels rise because global warming melts glaciers. Melted ice flows into oceans, making them 1 . Worse, the rise is 2 — the next 30 years will see as much rise as the past 100. In places like Miami, streets flood even on sunny days. Residents use sandbags to protect homes, and some move to higher 3 .
The problem is worse where land sinks. In parts of Louisiana, land sinks while seas rise, so sea levels go up twice as fast. Many small towns there are already 4 — houses are underwater, and people have left. Scientists use computer models to make 5 about future rises. Towns use these to prepare: some build higher seawalls, others make new houses stand on higher foundations. But seawalls cost millions, so small towns ask the government for 6 .
Rising seas also hurt wildlife. Coastal wetlands (home to birds and fish) are flooded, making animals lose their 7 . Saltwater also seeps into underground freshwater, making it 8 for people and plants. In California, some farmers can’t grow crops — their 9 are too salty. To fight back, U.S. coastal towns formed an alliance. They share 10 : a Maine town taught Texas to build cheap seawalls, and Oregon shared flood maps. Dutch experts even help build 11 neighborhoods — houses on platforms that rise with seas. Florida uses “living shorelines” (rocks, sand, plants) to 12 floods and protect wetlands.
Experts say cutting greenhouse gases is the only way to slow the rise. Without action, seas could rise 2-10 feet by 2100, destroying towns and displacing millions. “No town can solve this 13 ,” one scientist said. “Countries must work 14 .” For now, coastal residents stay hopeful: they check flood forecasts, fix homes, and help neighbors. “This is our home,” said a Louisiana resident. “We won’t let the sea take it without a fight — and we’ll keep our 15 for the future.”
A. deeper B. wider C. higher D. longer
A. slowing down B. speeding up C. staying the same D. stopping
A. ground B. water C. buildings D. trees
A. growing B. shrinking C. disappearing D. expanding
A. predictions B. plans C. rules D. maps
A. problem B. choice C. solution D. money
A. protect B. destroy C. homes D. find
A. drinkable B. undrinkable C. clean D. dirty
A. fields B. homes C. schools D. hospitals
A. ideas B. money C. food D. water
A. lower B. higher C. floating D. sinking
A. show B. stop C. build D. destroy
A. alone B. together C. separately D. quickly
A. alone B. together C. separately D. quickly
A. fear B. sadness C. hope D. anger
答案及解析
C. higher
解析：冰川融化导致海水 “水位升高”，“higher（更高的）” 直接体现 “海平面上升”；“deeper（更深的，侧重深度）”“wider（更宽的，侧重宽度）”“longer（更长的，侧重长度）” 均不对应 “海平面高度”，排除 A、B、D。
B. speeding up
解析：后文 “未来 30 年上升幅度等同于过去 100 年” 说明上升速度 “加快”，“speeding up（加速）” 符合数据对比；“slowing down（减速）”“staying the same（不变）”“stopping（停止）” 与数据矛盾，排除 A、C、D。
A. ground
解析：迈阿密街道晴天积水，居民搬到 “更高的地面” 避险，“ground（地面）” 指地势高的区域；“water（水）”“buildings（建筑，需 “higher floors”）”“trees（树）” 语义不符，排除 B、C、D。
C. disappearing
解析：路易斯安那州部分小镇 “正在消失”（房屋被淹、居民搬走），“disappearing（消失）” 符合 “城镇消亡” 的场景；“growing（发展）”“shrinking（缩小，程度轻）”“expanding（扩张）” 语义相反，排除 A、B、D。
A. predictions
解析：科学家用模型和数据 “预测” 海平面上升幅度，“predictions（预测）” 是防灾规划的前提；“plans（计划）”“rules（规则）”“maps（地图）” 均非 “数据推导的结果”，排除 B、C、D。
D. money
解析：修建海堤成本高，小镇需向政府申请 “资金”，“money（钱）” 符合 “经济援助” 的需求；“problem（问题）”“choice（选择）”“solution（解决方案）” 均无法解决 “资金短缺”，排除 A、B、C。
C. homes
解析：沿海湿地被淹，鸟类和鱼类 “失去家园”，“homes（家园）” 符合 “栖息地破坏” 的生态后果；“protect（保护）”“destroy（破坏）”“find（找到）” 均为动词，语法不符，排除 A、B、D。
B. undrinkable
解析：海水渗入地下水导致水 “无法饮用”，“undrinkable（不可饮用的）” 符合 “盐污染” 的后果；“drinkable（可饮用的）” 与语境相反，“clean（干净的）”“dirty（脏的，泛泛）” 未体现 “盐污染” 核心，排除 A、C、D。
A. fields
解析：前文 “农民无法种植作物”，因为 “农田盐分过高”，“fields（农田）” 符合 “农业场景”；“homes（家）”“schools（学校）”“hospitals（医院）” 均与 “种植作物” 无关，排除 B、C、D。
A. ideas
解析：“海岸保护联盟” 成员分享 “经验想法”（如缅因州教得克萨斯州建海堤），“ideas（想法）” 符合 “经验交流”；“money（钱）”“food（食物）”“water（水）” 均非 “联盟核心交流内容”，排除 B、C、D。
C. floating
解析：荷兰专家帮助建造 “漂浮社区”（平台随海平面上升），“floating（漂浮的）” 符合 “应对海平面上升” 的创新方案；“lower（更低的）”“higher（更高的）”“sinking（下沉的）” 均无法体现 “随水位调整” 的功能，排除 A、B、D。
B. stop
解析：“生态海岸线” 的作用是 “阻止洪水”，“stop（阻止）” 符合 “防洪” 需求；“show（展示）”“build（建造）”“destroy（摧毁）” 语义不符，排除 A、C、D。
A. alone
解析：句意为 “没有哪个小镇能独自解决这个问题”，“alone（独自）” 强调 “个体能力有限”；“together（共同）”“separately（分开）” 与语境相反，“quickly（快速地）” 语义不符，排除 B、C、D。
B. together
解析：前文 “联盟互助” 说明 “各国需共同努力”，“together（共同）” 呼应 “全球合作” 主题；“alone（独自）”“separately（分开）” 与语境相反，“quickly（快速地）” 语义不符，排除 A、C、D。
C. hope
解析：后文 “不放弃家园” 说明居民保持 “希望”，“hope（希望）” 体现 “应对海平面上升的积极态度”；“fear（恐惧）”“sadness（悲伤）”“anger（愤怒）” 均为负面情绪，排除 A、B、D。
Passage 7
难度
After five long years, California’s severe drought is finally getting better. 1 a series of 2023-2024 winter storms, much of the state has enough rain and snow. The Sierra Nevada Mountains’ snowpack — a 2 water source for California — is now full. But the drought isn’t over: some areas still need more rain, and experts say it will take years of normal rain to fully 3 the state’s water supplies.
During the 2019-started drought, California had little rain. Lakes dried up, farmers spent millions pumping 4 , and some small towns ran out of 5 water. “We showered with buckets and reused water,” said a resident. The recent storms brought relief but also trouble: a landslide in northern California 6 a major highway, making travel hard. Local volunteers helped clear it.
To fix water problems, the state passed laws to 7 groundwater pumping. It also encouraged farmers to grow crops that need 8 water, like almonds. Schools joined in too — they teach students to 9 water at home, such as turning off taps while brushing teeth. “Kids learning this now will keep doing it forever,” said a teacher.
Many Californians have changed their habits. They plant 10 -resistant plants in gardens and use low-flow showerheads. “I used to waste water, but now I think twice,” one resident said. Experts warn climate change will bring more extreme weather — both 11 and floods. So California is building more reservoirs to 12 water during wet years.
In 2024, California held a “Water Festival” to celebrate progress. It gave a “Water 13 ” award to a farmer who switched to drought-resistant crops and helped others. The state also started a program to 14 low-income families buy water-saving devices. “We’re making progress, but not done yet,” said a mayor. Californians now know: working together ensures enough water for future 15 .
A. Thanks to B. Because of C. In spite of D. Instead of
A. unimportant B. crucial C. small D. big
A. empty B. fill C. dry D. clean
A. groundwater B. rainwater C. seawater D. lake water
A. drinking B. swimming C. farming D. washing
A. opened B. closed C. blocked D. built
A. increase B. limit C. allow D. stop
A. more B. less C. no D. enough
A. waste B. save C. use D. drink
A. flood B. drought C. storm D. earthquake
A. floods B. droughts C. storms D. earthquakes
A. store B. waste C. use D. sell
A. Hero B. Villain C. Teacher D. Student
A. help B. stop C. prevent D. force
A. friends B. family C. generations D. people
答案及解析
A. Thanks to
解析：“2023-2024 年冬季暴风雨” 是 “干旱缓解” 的积极原因，“Thanks to（多亏）” 表积极因果；“Because of（因为，中性）”“In spite of（尽管，转折）”“Instead of（代替，对比）” 均不符合 “积极归因”，排除 B、C、D。
B. crucial
解析：积雪是加州 “关键的” 水源，“crucial（关键的）” 强调 “不可或缺”，符合 “干旱后依赖融雪补水” 的逻辑；“unimportant（不重要的）” 与语境相反，“small（小的）”“big（大的，泛泛）” 未体现 “重要性”，排除 A、C、D。
B. fill
解析：句意为 “需要数年正常降雨才能填满加州的水资源”，“fill（填满）” 符合 “干旱后补水” 的需求；“empty（排空）” 与语境相反，“dry（变干）”“clean（清洁）” 语义不符，排除 A、C、D。
A. groundwater
解析：干旱期间湖泊干涸，农民需抽取 “地下水” 灌溉，“groundwater（地下水）” 是干旱时的重要水源；“rainwater（雨水，干旱时稀缺）”“seawater（海水，无法灌溉）”“lake water（湖水，已干涸）” 排除 B、C、D。
A. drinking
解析：前文 “一些小镇断水”，特指 “饮用水” 短缺，“drinking（饮用的）” 符合 “生存必需”；“swimming（游泳的）”“farming（农业的）”“washing（洗涤的）” 均非 “断水” 的核心危机，排除 B、C、D。
C. blocked
解析：山体滑坡 “阻断” 主要公路，“blocked（阻断）” 符合 “道路被废墟堵塞” 的场景；“opened（打开）” 与语境相反，“closed（关闭，人为）”“built（建造）” 语义不符，排除 A、B、D。
B. limit
解析：政府通过法律 “限制” 地下水开采，以保护水资源，“limit（限制）” 符合 “可持续利用” 的政策；“increase（增加）” 与目的相反，“allow（允许）”“stop（禁止，程度过重）” 语义不符，排除 A、C、D。
B. less
解析：鼓励农民种植 “需水量更少的作物”（如杏仁、葡萄），“less（更少的）” 符合 “节水” 目的；“more（更多的）” 与语境相反，“no（没有）”“enough（足够的）” 语义不符，排除 A、C、D。
B. save
解析：学校教学生 “节约” 水（如刷牙关水龙头），“save（节约）” 符合 “抗旱教育” 主题；“waste（浪费）” 与目的相反，“use（使用）”“drink（饮用）” 语义不符，排除 A、C、D。
B. drought
解析：居民种植 “抗旱” 植物，“drought-resistant（抗旱的）” 是应对干旱的常见措施；“flood（洪水）”“storm（暴风雨）”“earthquake（地震）” 均与 “干旱后种植” 无关，排除 A、C、D。
B. droughts
解析：气候变化带来 “干旱和洪水” 等极端天气，“droughts（干旱）” 对应 “此前的干旱”，与 “floods（洪水）” 并列；“storms（暴风雨）”“earthquakes（地震）” 非核心极端天气，排除 A、C、D。
A. store
解析：加州建造水库 “储存” 雨季的水，以备干旱时使用，“store（储存）” 符合 “水资源调配” 的逻辑；“waste（浪费）”“use（使用）”“sell（出售）” 语义不符，排除 B、C、D。
A. Hero
解析：“水英雄” 奖授予 “转向抗旱作物并帮助他人的农民”，“Hero（英雄）” 体现对 “节水榜样” 的认可；“Villain（反派）”“Teacher（老师）”“Student（学生）” 均与 “农民身份” 不符，排除 B、C、D。
A. help
解析：政府启动项目 “帮助” 低收入家庭购买节水设备，“help（帮助）” 符合 “保障弱势群体节水权益” 的政策；“stop（阻止）”“prevent（预防）” 与目的相反，“force（强迫）” 语义不当，排除 B、C、D。
C. generations
解析：固定搭配 “future generations” 表示 “后代”，句意为 “确保加州后代有足够的水”，符合 “长期资源规划”；“friends（朋友）”“family（家庭）”“people（人们，泛泛）” 均无法体现 “代际传承”，排除 A、B、D。
Passage 8
难度
In September 2023, Typhoon Mangkhut hit a small village in Guangdong. It brought strong winds and heavy rain, destroying houses, crops, and roads. But with government and volunteer help, the village is slowly 1 . Before the typhoon, the government warned people to 2 to safe places like schools. Volunteers moved the elderly and kids to shelters and stored food for power cuts. After the typhoon, the village was a 3 — debris covered everything.
First, villagers checked on each other: neighbors pulled people from damaged houses, and some used boats to 4 those trapped by floodwater. The government sent soldiers to clear roads and fix power lines. Volunteers from nearby cities brought clothes and blankets; some doctors set up a clinic for 5 people. Farmers lost most crops — their main 6 source. The government gave them money for seeds and sent experts to teach growing typhoon- 7 crops.
Schools were damaged, so the government built 8 classrooms in tents. Teachers came, and volunteers brought books. A 10-year-old said, “I’m happy to learn again!” Villagers also rebuilt houses: the government gave money to fix roofs, and some families built stronger houses to 9 strong winds. “Our new home will be 10 ,” said a father.
In 2024, the village held a “ 11 Festival” to celebrate progress. They had a parade and displayed photos of the village before, during, and after the typhoon. A “ 12 Award” went to three villagers who saved others — like an 18-year-old who rescued an old woman. The government also taught typhoon 13, showing how to secure windows and store supplies.
Volunteers came to the festival too, happy to see the village’s 14 . The night ended with a dinner where everyone 15 food. “We’re not just a village — we’re a family,” said a villager. “Families stick together, no matter what.”
A. recovering B. destroying C. building D. growing
A. stay B. move C. run D. walk
A. park B. garden C. mess D. home
A. save B. find C. help D. rescue
A. sick B. injured C. old D. young
A. food B. water C. income D. life
A. resistant B. harmful C. useful D. helpful
A. new B. big C. temporary D. small
A. resist B. withstand C. fight D. stop
A. safer B. bigger C. newer D. stronger
A. Victory B. Recovery C. Festival D. Celebration
A. Villain B. Hero C. Teacher D. Farmer
A. preparedness B. safety C. knowledge D. skills
A. change B. progress C. growth D. development
A. cooked B. ate C. shared D. made
答案及解析
A. recovering
解析：台风后村庄 “慢慢恢复”（重建房屋、修复道路），“recovering（恢复）” 对应 “灾后重建” 的过程；“destroying（摧毁）” 与语境相反，“building（建造，仅部分）”“growing（发展，泛泛）” 语义不符，排除 B、C、D。
B. move
解析：政府警告人们 “搬到” 安全地方（如学校、社区中心），“move（移动、搬迁）” 符合 “疏散群众” 的动作；“stay（留下）” 与 “避险” 矛盾，“run（跑，紧急程度过高）”“walk（走，速度过慢）” 语义不符，排除 A、C、D。
C. mess
解析：台风后村庄 “一片混乱”（到处是废墟），“mess（混乱）” 符合灾后景象；“park（公园）”“garden（花园）”“home（家）” 均与 “废墟遍地” 矛盾，排除 A、B、D。
D. rescue
解析：村民用船 “救援” 被洪水困住的人，“rescue（救援）” 体现 “主动救助被困者” 的动作；“save（拯救，泛泛）”“find（找到，仅发现）”“help（帮助，程度轻）” 均不如 “rescue” 贴合 “洪水被困” 的场景，排除 A、B、C。
B. injured
解析：医生搭建临时诊所，目的是治疗 “受伤的” 人，“injured（受伤的）” 符合 “灾后医疗需求”；“sick（生病的，非灾害直接导致）”“old（年老的）”“young（年轻的）” 均非 “医疗救援的核心对象”，排除 A、C、D。
C. income
解析：农民种植的作物是 “主要收入来源”，“income（收入）” 符合 “作物被毁影响生计” 的逻辑；“food（食物，可通过援助获取）”“water（水）”“life（生命）” 均与 “作物的经济价值” 无关，排除 A、B、D。
A. resistant
解析：农业专家教农民种植 “抗台风的作物”，“resistant（抵抗的）” 符合 “防灾农业” 的需求；“harmful（有害的）” 与目的相反，“useful（有用的）”“helpful（有帮助的）” 泛泛，排除 B、C、D。
C. temporary
解析：学校被毁后，政府搭建 “临时” 教室（帐篷内），“temporary（临时的）” 符合 “过渡性教学场所” 的属性；“new（新的）”“big（大的）”“small（小的）” 均未体现 “临时” 的核心特征，排除 A、B、D。
B. withstand
解析：一些家庭建造 “能承受强风的房子”，“withstand（承受、抵抗）” 符合 “抗台风” 的需求；“resist（抵抗，侧重 “反抗”）”“fight（战斗，动作不当）”“stop（阻止，程度过重）” 语义不符，排除 A、C、D。
A. safer
解析：新建房屋抗风，因此更 “安全”，“safer（更安全的）” 是 “抗风设计” 的直接效果；“bigger（更大的）”“newer（更新的）”“stronger（更强的，侧重结构，非体验）” 均非核心效果，排除 B、C、D。
B. Recovery
解析：村庄举办 “恢复节” 庆祝重建进展，“Recovery（恢复）” 贴合 “灾后重建” 的主题；“Victory（胜利，非灾害场景）”“Festival（节日，重复）”“Celebration（庆祝，泛泛）” 均不如 “Recovery” 精准，排除 A、C、D。
B. Hero
解析：“英雄奖” 授予 “台风中救人的村民”，“Hero（英雄）” 体现对 “助人者” 的认可；“Villain（反派）”“Teacher（老师）”“Farmer（农民）” 均与 “救人者身份” 不符，排除 A、C、D。
A. preparedness
解析：政府借节日教村民 “台风预防准备”（如固定窗户、储存物资），“preparedness（准备）” 符合 “防灾教育” 的核心；“safety（安全，泛泛）”“knowledge（知识，宽泛）”“skills（技能，片面）” 均不如 “preparedness” 精准，排除 B、C、D。
B. progress
解析：志愿者看到村庄的 “重建进展”（新房、复学）很开心，“progress（进展）” 符合 “恢复节庆祝的对象”；“change（变化，泛泛）”“growth（增长，非灾后场景）”“development（发展，长期）” 均不如 “progress” 贴合 “短期重建成果”，排除 A、C、D。
C. shared
解析：晚宴上大家 “分享” 食物，“shared（分享）” 体现 “灾后互助、团聚” 的氛围；“cooked（烹饪）”“ate（吃）”“made（制作）” 均未体现 “共同分享” 的情感，排除 A、B、D。
Passage 9
（难度 ）
Mount Merapi in Indonesia is one of the world’s most active volcanoes. It has erupted many times, but thanks to good preparedness, recent eruptions have caused much 1 deaths than before. Scientists study the volcano for years: they use seismometers to detect small earthquakes — these are often a 2 of an upcoming eruption. When an eruption seems likely, scientists warn the government, which tells nearby villagers to 3 to safe shelters with food and medical care.
Evacuations aren’t easy. Some villagers don’t want to leave their homes and farms, worrying about losing 4 . To help, the government hires guards to watch empty houses and moves farmers’ animals to safety. Education is also key: scientists and officials visit villages to teach people about eruptions, showing videos and explaining how to act. They even build channels to 5 lava away from homes and plant trees on slopes to slow down hot ash.
One village called Kaliurang benefited a lot from preparedness. In 2010, Mount Merapi erupted, but the village evacuated in time — no one 6 . Since then, it has become a model: everyone knows its emergency 7 , and they practice evacuations every six months. “Practice helps us stay calm when real danger comes,” said the village leader.
In 2024, Mount Merapi showed activity again: scientists detected small earthquakes and more gas emissions. They sent a warning, and the government quickly planned an evacuation. Volunteers went door-to-door to help villagers 8 only necessary things — clothes, medicine, and important papers. Most villagers remembered the 2010 eruption and agreed to leave. Shelters in schools had beds, blankets, and kitchens, with doctors ready to help the 9 .
After two weeks, the volcano’s activity 10 down. Villagers went home and were happy to find their houses undamaged, just covered in ash. They and volunteers used brooms to 11 up the ash, and farmers found the ash made soil more 12 for crops. The government sent trucks to clear roads and gave farmers new seeds and tools. “Preparedness really 13 ,” said the village leader. “We stayed calm because we knew what to do.” Scientists still monitor the volcano, confident that good preparedness can keep people 14 . “Volcanoes are strong, but we’re smarter — we can live with them if we’re 15 ,” a volcanologist said.
A. higher B. lower C. more D. fewer
A. sign B. problem C. solution D. question
A. stay B. evacuate C. run D. hide
A. friends B. family C. property D. crops
A. stop B. redirect C. block D. keep
A. died B. hurt C. left D. stayed
A. plan B. game C. class D. party
A. buy B. pack C. sell D. throw
A. happy B. sad C. sick D. old
A. speeded B. slowed C. turned D. broke
A. clean B. wash C. pick D. sweep
A. dry B. wet C. fertile D. hard
A. fails B. works C. stops D. helps
A. dangerous B. safe C. scared D. calm
A. ready B. busy C. lazy D. careful
答案及解析
D. fewer
解析：“多亏预防措施，近年火山喷发死亡人数更少”，“fewer（更少的）” 修饰可数名词 “deaths”；“higher（更高的）”“more（更多的）” 与 “预防措施有效” 矛盾，“lower（更低的）” 修饰不可数名词（如 “rate”），排除 A、B、C。
A. sign
解析：火山下的小地震是 “喷发即将来临的迹象”，“sign（迹象）” 符合 “灾害预警信号” 的逻辑；“problem（问题）”“solution（解决方案）”“question（疑问）” 语义不符，排除 B、C、D。
B. evacuate
解析：政府通知村民 “疏散”（前往避难所），“evacuate（疏散）” 是火山喷发前的核心预防措施；“stay（留下）” 与 “避险” 矛盾，“run（跑，紧急程度过高）”“hide（隐藏，非正规措施）” 语义不符，排除 A、C、D。
C. property
解析：村民不愿离开，是担心失去 “财产”（房屋、农场），“property（财产）” 涵盖 “个人财物”；“friends（朋友）”“family（家人，可一同疏散）”“crops（作物，非核心担忧）” 排除 A、B、D。
B. redirect
解析：科学家修建渠道 “引导熔岩远离房屋”，“redirect（使改变方向）” 符合 “防灾工程” 的作用；“stop（停止，无法实现）”“block（阻断，易引发其他危险）”“keep（保持，语义不符）” 排除 A、C、D。
A. died
解析：前文 “及时疏散”，因此 “无人死亡”，“died（死亡）” 体现 “预防措施的核心效果”；“hurt（受伤）”“left（离开）”“stayed（留下）” 均无法体现 “零死亡” 的关键成果，排除 B、C、D。
A. plan
解析：卡留朗村有 “应急计划”（撤离路线、携带物品），“plan（计划）” 是 “定期演练” 的依据；“game（游戏）”“class（上课）”“party（派对）” 均与 “灾害应急” 无关，排除 B、C、D。
B. pack
解析：志愿者帮助村民 “打包” 必需品（衣服、药品），“pack（打包）” 符合 “疏散时轻装简行” 的原则；“buy（买）”“sell（卖）”“throw（扔）” 均与 “准备疏散物资” 矛盾，排除 A、C、D。
C. sick
解析：避难所的医生负责 “帮助生病的人”，“sick（生病的）” 符合 “临时医疗需求”；“happy（开心的）”“sad（悲伤的）”“old（年老的）” 均非 “医疗帮助的核心对象”，排除 A、B、D。
B. slowed
解析：后文 “科学家降低预警级别” 说明火山活动 “减缓”，“slowed（减缓）” 符合 “风险降低” 的逻辑；“speeded（加快）” 与 “降低预警” 矛盾，“turned（转向）”“broke（打破）” 语义不符，排除 A、C、D。
D. sweep
解析：村民和志愿者用扫帚 “清扫” 火山灰，“sweep（清扫）” 搭配 “brooms（扫帚）” 符合动作逻辑；“clean（清洁，泛泛）”“wash（洗，不用于火山灰）”“pick（捡，效率低）” 排除 A、B、C。
C. fertile
解析：火山灰富含矿物质，使土壤更 “肥沃”，“fertile（肥沃的）” 是火山灰的重要农业价值；“dry（干燥的）”“wet（潮湿的）”“hard（坚硬的）” 均与 “利于种植” 矛盾，排除 A、B、D。
B. works
解析：句意为 “预防措施确实有效”，“works（起作用、有效）” 符合 “零死亡、房屋完好” 的成果；“fails（失败）” 与成果矛盾，“stops（停止）”“helps（帮助，程度轻）” 语义不符，排除 A、C、D。
B. safe
解析：科学家相信 “良好的预防措施能保障人们安全”，“safe（安全的）” 是防灾的核心目标；“dangerous（危险的）” 与目标矛盾，“scared（害怕的）”“calm（冷静的，非最终目标）” 排除 A、C、D。
A. ready
解析：句意为 “如果我们做好准备，就能与火山共存”，“ready（准备好的）” 呼应全文 “预防措施” 的主题；“busy（忙碌的）”“lazy（懒惰的）”“careful（小心的，泛泛）” 均不如 “ready” 精准，排除 B、C、D。/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
Unit 4 完型填空精练
精练篇
Passage 1……………………………………………………1
基础篇
Passage 2……………………………………………………3
Passage 3……………………………………………………5
Passage 4……………………………………………………7
拔高篇
Passage 5……………………………………………………9
Passage 6……………………………………………………11
Passage 7……………………………………………………12
Passage 8……………………………………………………14
Passage 9……………………………………………………16
精练篇
Passage 1
难度
To reduce losses from earthquakes, China has built a nationwide earthquake early warning system. The system 1 of three parts: seismometers (地震仪) placed in earthquake-prone areas, communication satellites, and local warning centers. Seismometers 2 tiny ground movements as soon as an earthquake starts and send data to satellites, which then pass the information to warning centers.
By 2023, over 12,000 seismometers had been 3 across the country, covering most high-risk regions. Before this system, many small towns in remote areas had no way to get 4 warnings. In 2008, the Wenchuan earthquake caught people by 5 — most people only realized what was happening when buildings started shaking. But now, the system can give people 10 to 60 seconds to prepare before the main shock 6 .
For example, during a 5.8-magnitude earthquake in Sichuan in 2022, the system sent warnings to over 2 million people. Schools stopped classes immediately, and people moved to 7 places like open squares. This quick response 8 the number of injuries by nearly 40%.
However, the system isn’t perfect. In some mountainous areas, bad weather can 9 the signal from satellites, making warnings late. Scientists are now working to 10 the system by adding more seismometers and using stronger signals. They hope to make the warnings even more 11 and reach every corner of the country.
Local governments also play a key role. They organize regular drills to teach people how to 12 during an earthquake — like hiding under desks or staying away from windows. These drills help people stay 13 when a real warning comes.
“The system is like a ‘guardian’ for us,” said a teacher in Sichuan. “It doesn’t just give warnings — it gives us 14 to protect ourselves and our families.” As China continues to improve its disaster prevention work, more lives will be 15 in the future.
A. approves B. consists C. expects D. rids
A. detect B. ignore C. hide D. miss
A. removed B. installed C. repaired D. replaced
A. slow B. late C. early D. wrong
A. surprise B. mistake C. accident D. force
A. ends B. hits C. stops D. appears
A. dangerous B. quiet C. safe D. crowded
A. increased B. doubled C. kept D. reduced
A. block B. send C. receive D. improve
A. break B. expand C. damage D. destroy
A. expensive B. reliable C. difficult D. interesting
A. react B. play C. work D. rest
A. excited B. nervous C. calm D. sad
A. time B. money C. food D. water
A. lost B. saved C. hurt D. found
基础篇
Passage 2
难度
Last Saturday night, 12-year-old Li Ming was doing his homework when he smelled something strange — smoke. He looked out the window and saw flames coming from his neighbor’s house. His parents were out, so Li Ming stayed 1 and called 119 first.
The fire was from Aunt Wang’s kitchen. Aunt Wang had fallen asleep while cooking, and a pot had 2 fire. Her 3-year-old son, Xiao Yu, was still inside. Li Ming ran to Aunt Wang’s door and 3 hard, but no one answered — Aunt Wang had passed out from smoke.
Just then, a firefighter team 4 . They quickly used water hoses to put out the fire near the door. One firefighter, Mr. Zhang, put on a breathing mask and 5 into the house to find Xiao Yu. The house was full of smoke, so Mr. Zhang crawled on his 6 and knees to avoid the smoke.
After a few minutes, Mr. Zhang came out with Xiao Yu in his arms. Xiao Yu was unconscious, but he was still 7 . The firefighters gave him first aid, and soon Xiao Yu opened his eyes. Aunt Wang was also taken to the hospital and later 8 .
The next day, Aunt Wang visited Li Ming with a basket of fruit. “Thank you for calling for help so quickly,” she said. “You were so 9 — most kids would have been scared.” Li Ming smiled and said, “I just did what I should do. The firefighters are the real 10 .”
This experience taught Li Ming an important lesson: in a disaster, it’s important to stay calm and 11 for help. He also learned that firefighters risk their 12 to save others every day. Now, Li Ming wants to join the school’s fire safety club to learn more about how to 13 fires and help people.
Every weekend, he and his classmates practice fire drills. They learn to use fire extinguishers and find 14 ways out of a building. Li Ming hopes that if there’s another fire, he can help even more 15 .
A. calm B. nervous C. excited D. sad
A. made B. caught C. took D. got
A. knocked B. pushed C. pulled D. opened
A. left B. arrived C. slept D. worked
A. walked B. ran C. rushed D. jumped
A. hands B. feet C. arms D. legs
A. eating B. breathing C. crying D. laughing
A. returned B. died C. disappeared D. woke up
A. brave B. shy C. quiet D. lazy
A. doctors B. heroes C. teachers D. students
A. pay B. ask C. look D. wait
A. time B. money C. lives D. jobs
A. prevent B. start C. stop D. make
A. slow B. safe C. fast D. dangerous
A. animals B. plants C. people D. things
Passage 3
难度
In 2020, a big flood hit southern China. 8-year-old Mei Mei lived in a small village near the river with her family. One afternoon, the river 1 its banks, and water rushed into the village. Mei Mei’s parents were working in the field, so she was alone at home. The water rose quickly. Mei Mei climbed onto the table, but the water kept 2 . She felt scared and started crying — just then, a big wave swept her away.
When Mei Mei woke up, she was lying on a dry bank, with a stranger standing over her. “Are you OK ” the stranger asked. Mei Mei nodded, still too 3 to speak. The stranger was Mr. Liu, a volunteer helping people escape the flood. He took Mei Mei to a 4 center in the next town. There, Mei Mei met other children who’d lost their families. For weeks, Mr. Liu helped her look for her parents, but no one knew where they were. Mei Mei started to 5 hope — she thought her parents might be dead.
Then one day, a woman came to the center, looking for her daughter Mei Mei. When Mei Mei saw her, she ran as fast as she could and 6 her tightly. It was her mother! She said Mei Mei’s father was also safe — they’d been rescued by a boat. The family was finally 7 . Mei Mei’s mother thanked Mr. Liu many times. “You gave us back our daughter,” she said. Mr. Liu smiled: “That’s what volunteers do — we help each other in 8 .”
After the flood, Mei Mei’s village was 9 . But with help from the government and volunteers, they built new houses. Mei Mei went back to school and made new friends. She often told her classmates about her experience: “When you’re in trouble, don’t give up. There are always people who want to 10 you.” Many students were 11 by her story and wanted to be volunteers too.
Mei Mei wrote a story about her experience, titled “From Disaster to Hope.” In it, she wrote: “Floods can destroy houses, but they can’t destroy our 12 .” The story was put on the school wall, and many students read it — some even said it made them want to help others. Mei Mei felt happy; she never thought her small experience could 13 so many people. Now, when she thinks about the flood, she doesn’t feel scared anymore. Instead, she feels lucky — lucky to be saved, lucky to have her family back, and lucky to be able to 14 others. Every time she meets someone in need, she tries her best to 15 them, just like Mr. Liu once helped her.
A. broke B. kept C. held D. closed
A. falling B. rising C. staying D. moving
A. happy B. angry C. scared D. tired
A. rescue B. school C. hospital D. park
A. gain B. lose C. have D. keep
A. hugged B. hit C. pushed D. pulled
A. lost B. separated C. reunited D. broken
A. peace B. danger C. health D. wealth
A. built B. destroyed C. cleaned D. painted
A. hurt B. help C. stop D. find
A. bored B. excited C. surprised D. touched
A. houses B. clothes C. hope D. food
A. help B. influence C. hurt D. stop
A. teach B. learn C. help D. save
A. teach B. learn C. help D. save
Passage 4
难度
Last Tuesday, an earthquake hit a small town in Yunnan. Most people ran out of their houses quickly, but 10-year-old Xiao Hong remembered her cat, Lulu, was still inside. Her parents wanted to take her to safety, but she cried: “We can’t leave Lulu! She’s like my little 1 .” They warned, “The house might fall down!” But Xiao Hong wouldn’t 2 . Just then, firefighters Chen and Li arrived. Xiao Hong ran to them and 3 , “Please save my cat — she’s in my bedroom on the second floor!”
Firefighter Chen knelt down and said, “Don’t worry. We’ll try our best, but we have to be 4 — the house is unstable.” He and Li put on helmets and walked carefully inside. The house was a mess: books on the floor, a shelf fallen over. Li called “Lulu ” but got no 5 . They checked under the bed and in the closet. Finally, Chen heard a soft “meow” from under the desk. Lulu was scared, so Chen gently 6 her out. She was shaking but unhurt. When Chen carried Lulu out, Xiao Hong held her tightly and thanked them: “You’re my 7 !”
Firefighter Li smiled: “Animals are part of our families too.” He told Xiao Hong to keep Lulu close during 8 . This experience made Xiao Hong want to learn more about earthquake safety. She asked her teacher to teach the class how to 9 during quakes — like staying away from windows and avoiding elevators. Weeks later, the town started to rebuild, and Xiao Hong’s family moved back into their repaired house. Every time she sees firefighters, she waves — she knows they save not just people, but 10 too.
Last weekend, Xiao Hong’s school held a “Safety Day” event. Firefighters Chen and Li gave a talk, showing students how to use a fire extinguisher. Xiao Hong asked, “How do you find trapped pets in dark houses ” The students were 11 and asked more questions. Xiao Hong then started a “Pet Safety Club.” She and her friends made posters about keeping pets safe in 12 . They put the posters around the school and neighborhood, and many people stopped to 13 them.
Every time Xiao Hong looks at Lulu, she remembers the rescue. She knows kindness and courage can make a big 14 , even in a disaster. She now helps neighbors take care of their pets when they’re busy, and she hopes to keep passing this kindness on in the 15 .
A. sister B. brother C. friend D. teacher
A. go B. stay C. come D. leave
A. shouted B. whispered C. talked D. said
A. quick B. careful C. slow D. brave
A. answer B. sound C. noise D. voice
A. pulled B. pushed C. hit D. kicked
A. enemies B. heroes C. students D. teachers
A. parties B. holidays C. disasters D. classes
A. play B. work C. react D. sleep
A. plants B. animals C. toys D. books
A. bored B. excited C. sad D. angry
A. disaster B. party C. class D. holiday
A. read B. write C. draw D. sell
A. difference B. mistake C. problem D. mess
A. past B. present C. future D. now
提升篇
Passage 5
难度
On February 6, 2023, a powerful earthquake with a 1 of 7.8 hit southern Turkey. It destroyed over 850,000 2 , leaving millions homeless. The disaster was one of the deadliest recently, with more than 50,000 people 3 .
In the weeks after, rescuing survivors was the top priority. Teams from 40+ countries came to help: they used dogs to 4 people trapped under ruins and machines to move heavy bricks. One baby was saved after 128 hours without food or water. These stories gave people 5 in the dark days. When rescue work slowed, the focus turned to 6 .
The Turkish government promised 650,000 new 7 houses (designed to stand strong quakes). By early 2024, over 46,000 were already 8 , and families moved in. Rebuilding was hard: winter was cold, so many lived in small metal 9 before new houses were ready. Local volunteers 10 food and blankets to make their lives easier.
Schools were also key — many were destroyed, so temporary classrooms opened. Kids went back to school in March 2023, getting back to normal 11 . The disaster also brought people together: neighbors helped each other find shelter, and strangers donated supplies. A small town called Antakya was almost gone, but its people refused to 12 — they cleaned ruins and built small shops.
Experts said rebuilding would take years, but Turks stayed determined. “We lost much, but not our courage,” one resident said. This disaster taught the world: in trouble, people achieve more when they 13 . It also showed the 14 of earthquake-proof buildings. Years later, new houses and schools will remind people of the disaster — and the 15 and kindness that got them through.
A. force B. magnitude C. impact D. effect
A. houses B. buildings C. roads D. bridges
A. killed B. hurt C. saved D. helped
A. find B. save C. help D. hide
A. sadness B. hope C. fear D. anger
A. destruction B. creation C. reconstruction D. imagination
A. strong B. earthquake-proof C. big D. new
A. destroyed B. started C. completed D. stopped
A. houses B. containers C. tents D. shops
A. brought B. sold C. found D. bought
A. life B. work C. study D. play
A. give up B. keep up C. take up D. make up
A. fight B. argue C. unite D. disagree
A. Importance B. difficulty C. fun D. danger
A. courage B. fear C. sadness D. anger
Passage 6
难度
Climate change is making sea levels rise worldwide. Scientists say U.S. coastal sea levels will rise about one foot by 2050 — even more on some coasts. For coastal towns with millions of people, this is terrible news.
Sea levels rise because global warming melts glaciers. Melted ice flows into oceans, making them 1 . Worse, the rise is 2 — the next 30 years will see as much rise as the past 100. In places like Miami, streets flood even on sunny days. Residents use sandbags to protect homes, and some move to higher 3 .
The problem is worse where land sinks. In parts of Louisiana, land sinks while seas rise, so sea levels go up twice as fast. Many small towns there are already 4 — houses are underwater, and people have left. Scientists use computer models to make 5 about future rises. Towns use these to prepare: some build higher seawalls, others make new houses stand on higher foundations. But seawalls cost millions, so small towns ask the government for 6 .
Rising seas also hurt wildlife. Coastal wetlands (home to birds and fish) are flooded, making animals lose their 7 . Saltwater also seeps into underground freshwater, making it 8 for people and plants. In California, some farmers can’t grow crops — their 9 are too salty. To fight back, U.S. coastal towns formed an alliance. They share 10 : a Maine town taught Texas to build cheap seawalls, and Oregon shared flood maps. Dutch experts even help build 11 neighborhoods — houses on platforms that rise with seas. Florida uses “living shorelines” (rocks, sand, plants) to 12 floods and protect wetlands.
Experts say cutting greenhouse gases is the only way to slow the rise. Without action, seas could rise 2-10 feet by 2100, destroying towns and displacing millions. “No town can solve this 13 ,” one scientist said. “Countries must work 14 .” For now, coastal residents stay hopeful: they check flood forecasts, fix homes, and help neighbors. “This is our home,” said a Louisiana resident. “We won’t let the sea take it without a fight — and we’ll keep our 15 for the future.”
A. deeper B. wider C. higher D. longer
A. slowing down B. speeding up C. staying the same D. stopping
A. ground B. water C. buildings D. trees
A. growing B. shrinking C. disappearing D. expanding
A. predictions B. plans C. rules D. maps
A. problem B. choice C. solution D. money
A. protect B. destroy C. homes D. find
A. drinkable B. undrinkable C. clean D. dirty
A. fields B. homes C. schools D. hospitals
A. ideas B. money C. food D. water
A. lower B. higher C. floating D. sinking
A. show B. stop C. build D. destroy
A. alone B. together C. separately D. quickly
A. alone B. together C. separately D. quickly
A. fear B. sadness C. hope D. anger
Passage 7
难度
After five long years, California’s severe drought is finally getting better. 1 a series of 2023-2024 winter storms, much of the state has enough rain and snow. The Sierra Nevada Mountains’ snowpack — a 2 water source for California — is now full. But the drought isn’t over: some areas still need more rain, and experts say it will take years of normal rain to fully 3 the state’s water supplies.
During the 2019-started drought, California had little rain. Lakes dried up, farmers spent millions pumping 4 , and some small towns ran out of 5 water. “We showered with buckets and reused water,” said a resident. The recent storms brought relief but also trouble: a landslide in northern California 6 a major highway, making travel hard. Local volunteers helped clear it.
To fix water problems, the state passed laws to 7 groundwater pumping. It also encouraged farmers to grow crops that need 8 water, like almonds. Schools joined in too — they teach students to 9 water at home, such as turning off taps while brushing teeth. “Kids learning this now will keep doing it forever,” said a teacher.
Many Californians have changed their habits. They plant 10 -resistant plants in gardens and use low-flow showerheads. “I used to waste water, but now I think twice,” one resident said. Experts warn climate change will bring more extreme weather — both 11 and floods. So California is building more reservoirs to 12 water during wet years.
In 2024, California held a “Water Festival” to celebrate progress. It gave a “Water 13 ” award to a farmer who switched to drought-resistant crops and helped others. The state also started a program to 14 low-income families buy water-saving devices. “We’re making progress, but not done yet,” said a mayor. Californians now know: working together ensures enough water for future 15 .
A. Thanks to B. Because of C. In spite of D. Instead of
A. unimportant B. crucial C. small D. big
A. empty B. fill C. dry D. clean
A. groundwater B. rainwater C. seawater D. lake water
A. drinking B. swimming C. farming D. washing
A. opened B. closed C. blocked D. built
A. increase B. limit C. allow D. stop
A. more B. less C. no D. enough
A. waste B. save C. use D. drink
A. flood B. drought C. storm D. earthquake
A. floods B. droughts C. storms D. earthquakes
A. store B. waste C. use D. sell
A. Hero B. Villain C. Teacher D. Student
A. help B. stop C. prevent D. force
A. friends B. family C. generations D. people
Passage 8
难度
In September 2023, Typhoon Mangkhut hit a small village in Guangdong. It brought strong winds and heavy rain, destroying houses, crops, and roads. But with government and volunteer help, the village is slowly 1 . Before the typhoon, the government warned people to 2 to safe places like schools. Volunteers moved the elderly and kids to shelters and stored food for power cuts. After the typhoon, the village was a 3 — debris covered everything.
First, villagers checked on each other: neighbors pulled people from damaged houses, and some used boats to 4 those trapped by floodwater. The government sent soldiers to clear roads and fix power lines. Volunteers from nearby cities brought clothes and blankets; some doctors set up a clinic for 5 people. Farmers lost most crops — their main 6 source. The government gave them money for seeds and sent experts to teach growing typhoon- 7 crops.
Schools were damaged, so the government built 8 classrooms in tents. Teachers came, and volunteers brought books. A 10-year-old said, “I’m happy to learn again!” Villagers also rebuilt houses: the government gave money to fix roofs, and some families built stronger houses to 9 strong winds. “Our new home will be 10 ,” said a father.
In 2024, the village held a “ 11 Festival” to celebrate progress. They had a parade and displayed photos of the village before, during, and after the typhoon. A “ 12 Award” went to three villagers who saved others — like an 18-year-old who rescued an old woman. The government also taught typhoon 13, showing how to secure windows and store supplies.
Volunteers came to the festival too, happy to see the village’s 14 . The night ended with a dinner where everyone 15 food. “We’re not just a village — we’re a family,” said a villager. “Families stick together, no matter what.”
A. recovering B. destroying C. building D. growing
A. stay B. move C. run D. walk
A. park B. garden C. mess D. home
A. save B. find C. help D. rescue
A. sick B. injured C. old D. young
A. food B. water C. income D. life
A. resistant B. harmful C. useful D. helpful
A. new B. big C. temporary D. small
A. resist B. withstand C. fight D. stop
A. safer B. bigger C. newer D. stronger
A. Victory B. Recovery C. Festival D. Celebration
A. Villain B. Hero C. Teacher D. Farmer
A. preparedness B. safety C. knowledge D. skills
A. change B. progress C. growth D. development
A. cooked B. ate C. shared D. made
Passage 9
（难度 ）
Mount Merapi in Indonesia is one of the world’s most active volcanoes. It has erupted many times, but thanks to good preparedness, recent eruptions have caused much 1 deaths than before. Scientists study the volcano for years: they use seismometers to detect small earthquakes — these are often a 2 of an upcoming eruption. When an eruption seems likely, scientists warn the government, which tells nearby villagers to 3 to safe shelters with food and medical care.
Evacuations aren’t easy. Some villagers don’t want to leave their homes and farms, worrying about losing 4 . To help, the government hires guards to watch empty houses and moves farmers’ animals to safety. Education is also key: scientists and officials visit villages to teach people about eruptions, showing videos and explaining how to act. They even build channels to 5 lava away from homes and plant trees on slopes to slow down hot ash.
One village called Kaliurang benefited a lot from preparedness. In 2010, Mount Merapi erupted, but the village evacuated in time — no one 6 . Since then, it has become a model: everyone knows its emergency 7 , and they practice evacuations every six months. “Practice helps us stay calm when real danger comes,” said the village leader.
In 2024, Mount Merapi showed activity again: scientists detected small earthquakes and more gas emissions. They sent a warning, and the government quickly planned an evacuation. Volunteers went door-to-door to help villagers 8 only necessary things — clothes, medicine, and important papers. Most villagers remembered the 2010 eruption and agreed to leave. Shelters in schools had beds, blankets, and kitchens, with doctors ready to help the 9 .
After two weeks, the volcano’s activity 10 down. Villagers went home and were happy to find their houses undamaged, just covered in ash. They and volunteers used brooms to 11 up the ash, and farmers found the ash made soil more 12 for crops. The government sent trucks to clear roads and gave farmers new seeds and tools. “Preparedness really 13 ,” said the village leader. “We stayed calm because we knew what to do.” Scientists still monitor the volcano, confident that good preparedness can keep people 14 . “Volcanoes are strong, but we’re smarter — we can live with them if we’re 15 ,” a volcanologist said.
A. higher B. lower C. more D. fewer
A. sign B. problem C. solution D. question
A. stay B. evacuate C. run D. hide
A. friends B. family C. property D. crops
A. stop B. redirect C. block D. keep
A. died B. hurt C. left D. stayed
A. plan B. game C. class D. party
A. buy B. pack C. sell D. throw
A. happy B. sad C. sick D. old
A. speeded B. slowed C. turned D. broke
A. clean B. wash C. pick D. sweep
A. dry B. wet C. fertile D. hard
A. fails B. works C. stops D. helps
A. dangerous B. safe C. scared D. calm
A. ready B. busy C. lazy D. careful
