2026年高考英语一轮复习 单词辨析(含答案与解析)

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名称 2026年高考英语一轮复习 单词辨析(含答案与解析)
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高考英语一轮复习 单词辨析
一.选择题(共19小题)
1.(2025春 海淀区校级期中)When my father was admitted to the bar,he returned to Maycomb and began his practice.(  )
A.酒吧 B.柜台 C.律师 D.栏杆
2.(2025春 北辰区校级期中)Considering the different demands of the students, the school has adopted a more approach to education.(  )
A.independent B.responsible
C.flexible D.considerate
3.(2025 天津模拟)The well﹣known historian a groundbreaking theory that re﹣examined the economic causes of the Renaissance.(  )
A.reflected B.delayed
C.proposed D.simplified
4.(2025 红桥区二模) in music,he was lost in a worry﹣free world.(  )
A.Absorbed B.Indicated C.Devoted D.Committed
5.(2025 河北区二模)Marco Polo's famous work,The Travels of Marco Polo, to bring knowledge of Asia to the West and had a profound impact on European understanding of the East.(  )
A.served B.preserved C.reserved D.conserved
6.(2025 河北区二模)In his play Uncle Vanya,Anton Chekhov states that"A human being should be beautiful:the face,the clothes,the mind,the thoughts."(  )
A.entirely B.instantly
C.partially D.temporarily
7.(2025 南开区校级模拟) While global economic growth slows,Southeast Asia continues to be the most economic region in the world(  )
A.fragile B.innocent C.passive D.dynamic
8.(2025 南开区校级模拟) The system didn't work and the missile couldn't hit its target.(  )
A.resistance B.guidance
C.persistence D.assistance
9.(2025 河西区二模)I have absolutely no ______ for people who get into debt because of overspending.(  )
A.soul B.sympathy C.comment D.fame
10.(2025 天津模拟)Don't budget more for the trip,because the money I saved is ______ to cover all costs,including hotels and meals.(  )
A.sufficient B.effective
C.practical D.flexible
11.(2025 南开区校级模拟)I didn't know why the intelligent and confident boy to answer the question which is quite easy for him.(  )
A.generated B.declined
C.advertised D.invested
12.(2025 河西区校级模拟)_______ difficult the task may be, we must finish it on time, because we can't meet such a precious opportunity _______ we have expected.(  )
A.Whatever, that B.However, as
C.However, that D.Whatever, which
13.(2025 和平区校级一模)Research has shown that a for sweet foods is associated with characteristics such as agreeableness,generosity and hospitality.(  )
A.reference B.indifference
C.perseverance D.preference
14.(2025 青羊区校级模拟)Medicine should be placed where it is not ______ to children.(  )
A.accessible B.available
C.acceptable D.noticeable
15.(2025 红桥区二模)The daily routine of morning exercise helps to negative thoughts with positive energy.(  )
A.displace B.supply C.replace D.balance
16.(2025 河东区二模)Every year,Harbin Ice and Snow World in China ______ to many people from the world.(  )
A.attaches B.attracts
C.approaches D.appeals
17.(2025 河西区二模)The new policy______the importance of environmental protection and encourages public participation in environmental initiatives.(  )
A.detects B.captures
C.accomplishes D.highlights
18.(2025 河西区二模)He is regarded as one of the most ______ film directors of his generation.(  )
A.essential B.influential
C.initial D.racial
19.(2025 和平区二模)The new device,though technically ______,was too expensive for most customers and did not sell well in stores.(  )
A.superior B.plain C.primary D.proper
高考英语一轮复习 单词辨析
参考答案与试题解析
一.选择题(共19小题)
1.(2025春 海淀区校级期中)When my father was admitted to the bar,he returned to Maycomb and began his practice.(  )
A.酒吧 B.柜台 C.律师 D.栏杆
【答案】C
【分析】当我父亲获准当律师时,他回到Maycomb开始执业。
【解答】根据后文he returned to Maycomb and began his practice可推测,bar译为"律师",例:Less than a quarter of graduates from the law school pass the bar exam on the first try.不到1/4的法学院毕业生能一次就通过律师考试。
故选:C。
【点评】考查名词词义辨析,弄清楚各个名词的含义并区别各个名词之间的差异,了解某些名词的特殊用法,然后结合语境选择正确答案。
2.(2025春 北辰区校级期中)Considering the different demands of the students, the school has adopted a more approach to education.(  )
A.independent B.responsible
C.flexible D.considerate
【答案】C
【分析】考虑到学生的不同需求,学校采取了更加灵活的教育方式.
【解答】考查形容词词义辨析.independent独立的,自主的;responsible 负有责任的;应承担责任的;flexible易变通的;适应性强的;灵活的;considerate体贴的,体谅的.句意:考虑到学生的不同需求,学校采取了更加灵活的教育方式.
故选:C.
【点评】本题考查形容词词义辨析.在熟知词义的基础上,再联系句子所表达的含义,从而选出正确的答案.
3.(2025 天津模拟)The well﹣known historian a groundbreaking theory that re﹣examined the economic causes of the Renaissance.(  )
A.reflected B.delayed
C.proposed D.simplified
【答案】C
【分析】这位著名的历史学家提出了一个开创性的理论,重新审视了文艺复兴的经济原因。
【解答】A.reflected反映,反思;B.delayed推迟;C.proposed提出;D.simplified简化。
句子主语是"著名的历史学家",宾语是"开创性的理论",后半句强调该理论"重新审视了文艺复兴的经济原因"。整体语境表明,历史学家主动提出了一个新理论,而非其他动作。"提出理论"(propose a theory)是固定搭配,且与"开创性"(groundbreaking)呼应,强调理论的创新性。
故选:C。
【点评】本题考查动词词义辨析。学生需正确理解句意,根据关键词句判断空处表达的含义。掌握备选词汇的中文意思是解答本题的关键。
4.(2025 红桥区二模) in music,he was lost in a worry﹣free world.(  )
A.Absorbed B.Indicated C.Devoted D.Committed
【答案】A
【分析】全神贯注于音乐,他陷入一个无忧无虑的世界里。
【解答】A.Absorbed吸引;B.Indicated表明;C.Devoted奉献;D.Committed承诺。根据句中he was lost in a worry﹣free world可知,他全神贯注于音乐,be devoted to表示"献身于",be committed to表示"致力于",be absorbed in表示"全神贯注于",去掉be动词,使用过去分词形式作状语。
故选:A。
【点评】考查动词词义辨析。弄清楚各个动词的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
5.(2025 河北区二模)Marco Polo's famous work,The Travels of Marco Polo, to bring knowledge of Asia to the West and had a profound impact on European understanding of the East.(  )
A.served B.preserved C.reserved D.conserved
【答案】A
【分析】马可 波罗的著名作品《马可 波罗游记》起到了将亚洲知识传播到西方的作用,并对欧洲人了解东方产生了深远影响。
【解答】A.served起到……作用;B.preserved保护,保存;C.reserved预订,保留;D.conserved保护,保存。根据下文"to bring knowledge of Asia to the West"可知,此处指《马可 波罗游记》这本书起到了将亚洲知识传播到西方的作用。
故选:A。
【点评】考查动词词义辨析。弄清楚各个动词的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
6.(2025 河北区二模)In his play Uncle Vanya,Anton Chekhov states that"A human being should be beautiful:the face,the clothes,the mind,the thoughts."(  )
A.entirely B.instantly
C.partially D.temporarily
【答案】A
【分析】在安东 契诃夫的戏剧《万尼亚舅舅》中,契诃夫写道:"一个人应该从各个方面都做到美:容貌美、衣着美、思想美。"
【解答】A.entirely完全地;B.instantly立即地;C.partially部分地;D.temporarily暂时地。根据the face,the clothes,the mind,the thoughts可知,契诃夫认为人的美丽应该体现在各个方面,是完全的、整体的美丽,entirely符合语境。
故选:A。
【点评】考查副词词义辨析,弄清楚各个副词的含义并区别各个副词之间的差异,了解某些副词的特殊用法,然后结合语境选择正确答案。
7.(2025 南开区校级模拟) While global economic growth slows,Southeast Asia continues to be the most economic region in the world(  )
A.fragile B.innocent C.passive D.dynamic
【答案】D
【分析】尽管全球经济增长放缓,东南亚仍然是世界上最具活力的经济区域。
【解答】A.fragile脆弱的;B.innocent无辜的;C.passive被动的;D.dynamic有活力的。while引导让步状语从句,表示前后对比,所以横线处应该表示"东南亚的经济仍然充满活力"。
故选:D。
【点评】考查形容词词义辨析,弄清楚各个形容词的含义并区别各个形容词之间的差异,了解某些形容词的特殊用法,然后结合语境选择正确答案。
8.(2025 南开区校级模拟) The system didn't work and the missile couldn't hit its target.(  )
A.resistance B.guidance
C.persistence D.assistance
【答案】B
【分析】制导系统失灵,导弹无法击中目标。
【解答】A.resistance抵抗;B.guidance导航;C.persistence坚持不懈;D.assistance援助。根据"the missile couldn't hit its target (导弹无法击中目标)"可知,名词guidance"导航"符合题意,guidance system表示"导航系统,制导系统",与导弹相关。
故选:B。
【点评】考查名词的词义辨析,弄清楚各个名词的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
9.(2025 河西区二模)I have absolutely no ______ for people who get into debt because of overspending.(  )
A.soul B.sympathy C.comment D.fame
【答案】B
【分析】我绝对不同情那些因为过度消费而负债的人。
【解答】A.soul灵魂;心灵;B.sympathy同情;怜悯;C.comment评论;意见;D.fame名声;名誉。根据"people who get into debt because of overspending."可知,不会同情那些因为过度消费而负债的人。
故选:B。
【点评】考查名词的词义辨析,弄清楚各个名词的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
10.(2025 天津模拟)Don't budget more for the trip,because the money I saved is ______ to cover all costs,including hotels and meals.(  )
A.sufficient B.effective
C.practical D.flexible
【答案】A
【分析】不要为这次旅行增加预算,因为我攒下的钱足以支付所有的费用,包括酒店和餐费。
【解答】A.sufficient足够的;B.effective有效的;C.practical实际的;D.flexible灵活的。句中提到"不要增加预算",肯定是因为"我存的钱已经足够支付所有费用"。这里需填入表示"足够的"形容词。
故选:A。
【点评】考查形容词词义辨析,弄清楚各个形容词的含义并区别各个形容词之间的差异,了解某些形容词的特殊用法,然后结合语境选择正确答案。
11.(2025 南开区校级模拟)I didn't know why the intelligent and confident boy to answer the question which is quite easy for him.(  )
A.generated B.declined
C.advertised D.invested
【答案】B
【分析】我不知道为什么这个聪明自信的男孩拒绝回答这个对他来说很简单的问题。
【解答】A.generated产生;B.declined拒绝;C.advertised宣传;D.invested投资。根据I didn't know why the intelligent and confident boy可知,我不明白的是为什么这个聪明自信的男孩拒绝回答这么简单的问题。
故选:B。
【点评】考查动词词义辨析。弄清楚各个动词的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
12.(2025 河西区校级模拟)_______ difficult the task may be, we must finish it on time, because we can't meet such a precious opportunity _______ we have expected.(  )
A.Whatever, that B.However, as
C.However, that D.Whatever, which
【答案】B
【分析】无论这个任务有多难,我们必须按时完成。因为我们不可能再遇到这样一个正如我们所期待的宝贵的机会。
【解答】答案 B 根据题意,无论这个任务有多难,我们必须按时完成。因为我们不可能再遇到这样一个正如我们所期待的宝贵的机会。第一个空要表达的意思是无论这个任务有多难,其中difficult为形容词,用how来修饰,选however;第二个空是由as引导的定语从句,as we have expected意为正如我们所期待的那样。
故选:B。
【点评】单项选择题考查内容广泛,涉及词汇、语法、习语、日常用语等。在有限的题量中注意知识的覆盖面,设计特定的语境综合考查学生在一定语境中运用语言知识的能力。
13.(2025 和平区校级一模)Research has shown that a for sweet foods is associated with characteristics such as agreeableness,generosity and hospitality.(  )
A.reference B.indifference
C.perseverance D.preference
【答案】D
【分析】研究表明,对甜食的偏好与随和、慷慨和好客等特征有关。
【解答】A.reference参考;B.indifference漠不关心;C.perseverance毅力;D.preference偏爱,偏好。根据is associated with characteristics such as agreeableness,generosity and hospitality可知,对甜食的"偏爱"与随和、慷慨等特征有关。
故选:D。
【点评】考查名词的词义辨析,弄清楚各个名词的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
14.(2025 青羊区校级模拟)Medicine should be placed where it is not ______ to children.(  )
A.accessible B.available
C.acceptable D.noticeable
【答案】A
【分析】药品应该放在孩子们不易接近的地方。
【解答】A.accessible可接近的,指某物容易被拿到或接触到;B.available可获得的,更多用于资源或信息的可获得性;C.acceptable可接受的;D.noticeable明显的,指某物容易被看到或注意到。根据句意及常识可知,药品应该放在儿童接触不到的地方。
故选:A。
【点评】考查形容词词义辨析,弄清楚各个形容词的含义并区别各个形容词之间的差异,了解某些形容词的特殊用法,然后结合语境选择正确答案。
15.(2025 红桥区二模)The daily routine of morning exercise helps to negative thoughts with positive energy.(  )
A.displace B.supply C.replace D.balance
【答案】C
【分析】日常的晨练有助于用积极的能量取代消极的想法。
【解答】A.displace取代(通常用于物理或位置的取代);B.supply提供;C.replace取代;D.balance平衡。结合negative thoughts with positive energy可知,空格处应表达"取代"的意思,且不是用于物理或位置的取代,故用replace。
故选:C。
【点评】考查动词词义辨析。弄清楚各个动词的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
16.(2025 河东区二模)Every year,Harbin Ice and Snow World in China ______ to many people from the world.(  )
A.attaches B.attracts
C.approaches D.appeals
【答案】D
【分析】每年,中国的哈尔滨冰雪大世界都吸引着来自世界各地的许多人。
【解答】A.attaches附在,贴;B.attracts吸引;C.approaches靠近;D.appeals吸引。根据句意可知,此处为动词短语appeal to"吸引",满足句意要求。B项attract为及物动词,不需要加介词to,故排除。
故选:D。
【点评】考查动词短语词义辨析。弄清楚各个动词短语的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
17.(2025 河西区二模)The new policy______the importance of environmental protection and encourages public participation in environmental initiatives.(  )
A.detects B.captures
C.accomplishes D.highlights
【答案】D
【分析】新政策强调了环境保护的重要性,并鼓励公众参与环保活动。
【解答】A.detects检测;B.captures捕获;C.accomplishes完成;D.highlights强调,突出。根据The new policy可知,新政策强调了环境保护的重要性。
故选:D。
【点评】考查动词短语词义辨析。弄清楚各个动词短语的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
18.(2025 河西区二模)He is regarded as one of the most ______ film directors of his generation.(  )
A.essential B.influential
C.initial D.racial
【答案】B
【分析】他被认为是他那一代最具影响力的电影导演之一。
【解答】A.essential必要的;B.influential有影响力的;C.initial最初的;D.racial种族的。根据句意,这里需要一个形容词来描述电影导演在其一代中的地位或影响力。最符合语境的词是"influential",表示"有影响力的"。
故选:B。
【点评】考查形容词词义辨析,弄清楚各个形容词的含义并区别各个形容词之间的差异,了解某些形容词的特殊用法,然后结合语境选择正确答案。
19.(2025 和平区二模)The new device,though technically ______,was too expensive for most customers and did not sell well in stores.(  )
A.superior B.plain C.primary D.proper
【答案】A
【分析】这种新设备虽然在技术上更胜一筹,但对大多数顾客来说太贵了,在商店里卖得不好。
【解答】A.superior优越的;更高级的;B.plain平庸的,普通的;C.primary基本的,初级的;D.proper合适的,正确的。根据though可知,前后为转折关系,后文说太贵了不好卖,可推测前面说这个产品在技术方面是高级的。
故选:A。
【点评】考查形容词词义辨析,弄清楚各个形容词的含义并区别各个形容词之间的差异,了解某些形容词的特殊用法,然后结合语境选择正确答案。
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