高中英语语法详解大全Part15非谓语动词 讲义学案(含答案)-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

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名称 高中英语语法详解大全Part15非谓语动词 讲义学案(含答案)-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
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高中英语语法详解大全(讲义)
Part 15 非谓语动词
非谓语动词是动词的特殊形式,在句中除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。非谓语动词不受主语人称和数的限制。
1 动词不定式
动词不定式有两种形式:一种是带to的不定式,一种是不带to的不定式。
1. 不定式的时态和语态
2. 不定式的句法功能
功能 例句
作主语 To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
作表语 His wish is to become a pop singer. 他的愿望是成为流行歌手。
作宾语 The girl decided to do it herself.(作动词宾语)这女孩决定自己做。
We have no choice but to wait .(作介词宾语)
除了等待,我们别无选择。
作宾语补足语 We are waiting for him to come . 我们在等他来。
作定语 Jim was the first athlete to get to the finishing line .
吉姆是第一个到达终点的选手。
作状语 I’m sorry to have troubled you so much.(表原因)
我很抱歉麻烦你了这么多。
He searched the room only to find nothing.(表结果)
他搜查了房间,但是一无所获。
To /In order to save money, he has tried every means.(表目的)
为了能节省钱,他什么方法都用了。
要点提示
1.不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语替代,而将真正的主语(不定式短语)放在谓语之后。如:
It is my pleasure to help you out. 帮助你是我的荣幸。
2.下列动词常接不定式作宾语:
ask要求
fail失败
desire渴望
offer提供
pretend假装
agree同意
decide决定
expect期望
plan计划
refuse拒绝
arrange安排
demand要求
hope希望
prepare准备
want想要
beg请求
determine决定
manage设法做到
promise答应
wish希望
3. 不定式作介词but, except, besides的宾语,当介词前面有行为动词do及其各种形式时,介词后面的不定式可以省略to 。如:
I could do nothing except agree . 我除了同意,没有别的办法。
常用结构有:have no choice but to do sth. 除了做某事外别无选择
can do nothing but do sth.只得做某事
have nothing to do but do sth.除了某事没什么事可做
另外,介词后跟“连接代词或副词+不定式”的用法比较普通。如:
I have no idea of how to do it. 我不知道如何做此事。
4. 在复合结构中,当不定式作宾语且后接宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前;而把真正的宾语不定式放在宾语补足语的后面。如:
她发现回答这个问题很困难。
5. 不定式作宾语补足语,如果与宾语在逻辑上是主谓关系,不定式用主动形式;如果与宾语在逻辑上是动宾关系,不定式用被动形式;
有些动词后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语;有些动词后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语;
常接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite等;
常接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:see, watch, notice, look at, observe, hear, listen to, feel等感官动词以及使役动词make, have, let 。但当这些动词用于被动语态时,其后省略to的不定式要加上to 。如:
I saw him cross the road. 我看到他穿过了马路。
He was seen to cross the road.他被看到穿过了马路。
6. 不定式与所修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上是动宾关系,且不定式为不及物动词时,此时不定式之后要加上相应的介词。如:
There is nothing to worry about . 没有什么可担心的。
但是当不定式修饰的名词是time, place, way时,尽管不定式与其修饰的名词有动宾关系,不定式后面习惯上也会省去介词。如:
He has no place to live 他没有地方住。
练一练
1. Is it necessary ______the book immediately
A. for him to return
B. that he returns
C. his returning
D. of him to return
2. The play ______next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.
A. produced
B. being produced
C. to be produced
D. having been produced
3. As a result of my laziness, I failed ______my work in time.
A. and finished
B. to finish
C. and finishing
D. to finished
1. A 2. C 3. B
2 动词-ing形式
动词-ing形式包括动名词和现在分词两种,由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。
1. 动词-ing形式的时态和语态
2. 动词-ing形式的句法功能
动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,它源于动词,又具有名词的功能。因此,它在句中起名词的作用,可作主语、表语、宾语等。现在分词是动词的另一种非谓语形式,主要起形容词和副词的作用,在句中可以作表语、定语、状语等。
功能 例句
作主语 Reading aloud is very helpful. 大声朗读很有帮助。
It ’s no use quarreling .(it作形式主语)争吵是没用的。
作表语 The main thing is getting there in time.(动名词作表语)
=Getting there in time is the main thing. 首要的事是及时到达那里。
The book is very interesting .(现在分词作表语)这本书很有趣。
作宾语 I enjoy listening to music.(作动词宾语)我喜欢听音乐。
She is afraid of going out alone at night.(作介词宾语)
她害怕晚上独自出去。
作补语 We call the activity hiking .(动名词作宾语补足语)
我们把这种活动叫做徒步旅行。
I felt the house shaking .(现在分词作宾语补足语)我觉得房子在摇晃。
作定语 a reading room=a room for reading阅览室(动名词作定语)
a developing country=a country which is developing发展中的国家(现在分词作定语)
作状语 Hearing the cry for help , he rushed out.(表时间)
听到呼救的喊声,他冲了出去。
Seeing from the hill , you can get the whole town.(表条件)
如果从山上看,你可以看到整个城镇。
复合结构 Please excuse my interrupting you . 请原谅我打断你。
要点提示
1. 动名词作动词宾语时,常用的动词(短语)有:
admit承认
allow允许
can’t stand禁不住
delay耽误
finish完成
advise建议
avoid避免
deny否认
give up放弃
appreciate欣赏,感谢
cannot help禁不住
consider考虑
enjoy喜欢
imagine想象
escape逃脱
include包括
keep保持
pardon饶恕
permit允许
tolerate忍受
keep on继续
put off推迟
risk冒险
understand了解
mind介意
postpone推迟
resist抵抗
miss错过
practise练习
suggest建议
2. 动名词还可以作介词宾语,常用的词组有:
be afraid of害怕
burst out突然暴发
be good at擅长于
be proud of为……自豪
be/get used to习惯于
devote…to… 把……奉献给
hear of听说
give up放弃
look forward to盼望
persist in坚持
set about开始
stick to坚持
succeed in成功
think of想到
be engaged in从事于
be fond of喜欢
be interested in对……感兴趣
be tired of厌烦
depend on依靠
dream of梦想
feel like喜欢
insist on坚持
object to反对
prevent…from… 阻止
spend…(in)花……做某事
stop…from避免
think about考虑
worry about担忧
3. 有一类动词后面可跟不定式也可以跟动名词作宾语,但意义差别很大:
不定式作宾语 动名词作宾语
remember to do sth.记住要做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事
forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
regret to do sth. 遗憾/抱歉要做某事 regret doing sth. 遗憾/后悔做过某事
try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 试着做某事
mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味做某事
stop to do sth. 停下来(原来的事)去做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事
can't help to do sth. 不能帮做某事 can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
go on to do sth. 接着做另一事 go on doing sth. 继续做某事
4. 如果动词-ing形式的复合结构作宾语,其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格,名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替,但在句首作主语时不能这样代替。如:
Would you mind my / me using your bike 你介意我用下你的自行车吗?
Tom’s winning the firs prize last year impressed me a lot.
(不能改成“Tom winning ”)
汤姆去年得了一等奖给我留下深刻印象。
5. 现在分词与动名词作定语的区别:
(1)动名词表性质、用途或功能,与名词在逻辑上无主谓关系。如:
a swimming pool一个游泳池
a walking stick一根拐棍
(2)现在分词同它修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,表示名词本身的动作、行为。如:
The boy sitting on the sofa is a classmate of mine.
沙发上坐着的那个男孩是我的一个同学。
a speaking boy=a boy who is speaking一个说话的男孩
6. 宾语与作补语的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。
练一练
1. He sent me an e-mail, ______ to get further information.
A. hoped
B. hoping
C. to hope
D. hope
2. ______ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A. The walk
B. Walking
C. To walk
D. Walk
3. Snow was falling when they went along a mountain path ______ to the front.
A. to lead
B. led
C. leading
D. being led
1. B 2. B 3. C
3 动词-ed形式
动词-ed形式表示完成的和被动的动作。通常是由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。
过去分词的句法功能
功能 例句
作表语 He is gone. 他走了。
作定语 used books用过的书
This is a book written by a worker . 这是一本工人写的书。
作状语 Praised by the teacher , he became the pride of his parents.
(表原因)受到老师的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。
Given more time , we could do it better.
(表条件)如果给我们更多时间,我们可以做得更好。
作宾语补足语 They kept the door locked for a long time. 他们把门关了很长时间。
要点提示
1. 过去分词作定语,表示完成的或被动的动作。单个的过去分词放在被修饰的名词前,过去分词短语则放在被修饰的名词后。不及物动词构成的过去分词,如gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等,不表示被动的动作,只表示完成的动作。如:
boiled water 开水
the risen sun升起的太阳
the changed world变了的世界
2. 过去分词作宾语补足语,其前的谓语动词多用see, watch, notice, listen to等感官动词以及使役动词等。如:
I have never heard the song sung in my school.
我从未听过这首歌在我们学校唱过。
练一练
1. Many buildings here need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.
A. repaired
B. being repaired
C. repairing
D. to be repaired
2. The cartoon was so exciting that the boy kept his eyes and attention______on it.
A. fixing
B. fixed
C. to fix
D. fix
3. The report was so ______that we were all ______.
A. inspiring; exciting
B. inspiring; excited
C. inspired; excited
D. inspired; exciting
1. D 2. B 3. B
4 独立主格结构
独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构, 由名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、介词短语等构成。在语法上是一个独立的结构;用来修饰整个句子。
1. 独立主格结构的特点
特点 例 句
1 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同,它独立存在 The president assassinated , the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被谋杀了,整个国家都沉浸在悲痛之中。
2 独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定 式、介词等存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系 Weather permitting , they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话,他们明天去海滨郊游。
Enough time given , we’ll do the job better. 给我们足够的时间,我们会把工作做得更好。
3 独立主格结构位置比较灵活,可位于句首、句末或句中;常用逗号与主句分开,但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词 Computers very small , we can use them widely.
电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。
The manager looks relaxed, many things settled .
许多事情已经处理好了,经理看上去很轻松。
2. 独立主格结构的构成及用法
构成 用法 例句
1 名词/代词+不定式 不定式表示将来的动作。前后存在逻辑上的主谓关系,不定式用主动形式;动宾关系则用被动形式 We divided the work, he to clean the window and I to sweep the floor .
我们分了工,他擦窗户,我扫地。
An important lecture to be given tomorrow , the professor has to stay up late into the night.
因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲,教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
2 名词/代词+现在分词 现在分词表示前面的名词/代词主动进行的动作或状态等 The children playing in the room , I couldn’t get down studying. 孩子们在屋里玩,我没法学习。
Mother being ill , I had to stay at home looking after her. 母亲病了,我只好待在家里照顾她。
3 名词/代词+过去分词 过去分词表示前面的名词/代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态 The job done , we went home.
工作完成后,我们就回家了。
He walked into the classroom, his head lowered . 他走进教室,低着头。
4 名词/代词+形容词/副词 形容词/副词说明前面名词/代词的性质、状态、原因等 He entered the room, his face pale .
他走进房间来,脸色苍白。
The lights off , we could not go on with the work. 灯关了,我们不能继续工作了。
5 名词/代词+名词 后面的名词主要用以补充说明某一情况或表达方式,一般作前面名词/代词的同位语 His book now a bestseller , he felt pleased with the world.
他的书成了畅销书,他对一切都满意了。
His first shot failure , he fired again.
他第一枪没击中,又打了一枪。
6 名词/代词+介词短语 介词短语说明伴随前面名词/代词的方式或者状态 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm . 他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆。
He was waiting, his eyes on her back .
他在等着,眼睛望着她的背影。
7 There being(no)+名词 表示“因为有(没有)……” There being no bus then , they had to walk home. 因为没有公共汽车,他们只好步行回家。
要点提示
1.当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时,可用独立主格结构取代状语从句,但不再保留连词。如:
After class was over (=Class being over/Class over ), the students soon left the classroom.
下课后,学生们很快离开了教室。
2.独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时,可用完成时,表示该动作发生在谓语之前,并根据情况确定是用主动还是被动。如:
The last bus having gone , we had to walk home.
最后一班公交车已经走了,我们只好步行回家。
His wallet having been stolen , he didn’t know what to do next.
他的钱包被偷了,他不知道下一步怎么办。
3.with 复合结构,即“介词with/without+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构,是英语复合结构中最常用的一种,在句中可作时间、条件、原因、方式等状语,还可作后置定语,修饰其前面的名词。
功能 例 句
1 作状语 With the meal over , we all went home. 吃完饭后,我们都回家了。
She fell asleep with the light burning . 她开着灯睡着了。
With Tom helping me , I finished the work in time.
有了汤姆的帮助,我及时完成了工作。
The war was over, without a shot being fired . 一弹未发,战争就结束了。
2 作定语 He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled .
他就是有许多问题要解决的那个人。
A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.
一个掉了两颗门牙的小男孩跑进了屋子。
练一练
1. It is a beautiful village with a mountain ______ it.
A. surrounds
B. surrounded
C. surrounding
D. having surrounded
2. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ______.
A. going on
B. goes on
C. went on
D. to go on
3. All his work ______, he left his office at ease.
A. finished
B. had been finished
C. finishing
D. to finish
1. C 2. A 3. A
非谓语动词习题
一、单项填空
1. When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, ______ me stories till I fell asleep.
A. having told
B. telling
C. told
D. to tell
2. I stopped the car ______ a short break as I was feeling tired.
A. take
B. taking
C. to take
D. taken
3. Let those in need ______ that we will go all out to help them.
A. to understand
B. understand
C. understanding
D. understood
4. ______ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.
A. Not knowing
B. Knowing not
C. Not known
D. Known not
5. The engine just won’t start. Something seems ______ wrong with it.
A. to go
B. to have gone
C. going
D. having gone
6. The witnesses ______ by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
A. questioned
B. being questioned
C. to be questioned
D. having questioned
7. If ______ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.
A. asked
B. to ask
C. asking
D. having asked
8. ______ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
A. Having been asked
B. To ask
C. Having asked
D. To be asked
9. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ______ his plane high up in the sky.
A. finding
B. to find
C. being found
D. to have found
10. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs ______ to achieve the final success.
A. being done
B. do
C. to be done
D. to do
二、用所给词的适当形式完成句子
1. The old men enjoy ______(listen)to the singing of the birds in the park.
2. Simon made a big bamboo box ______(keep)the little sick bird till it could fly.
3. The man has no choice but ______(give in).
4. ______(translate)into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
5. More highways have been built in China, ______(make)it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
6. It is no use ______(write)to him; he never answers letters.
7. I regret ______(inform)you that we are unable to offer you employment.
8. She had her arm ______(break)in the accident.
9. ______(free)ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness.
10. She devotes two evenings a week to ______(study)medical literature in her field.
答案解析
一、单项填空
1. 【解析】 选B。句意:小时候,妈妈常坐在我的床边,给我讲故事直到我入睡。tell与其逻辑主语my mother之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作伴随状语。现在分词作伴随状语时不能用完成式,故选B。
2. 【解析】 选C。句意:我停下车来休息一会儿,因为我感觉累了。此处查考动词不定式表目的,故选C。
3. 【解析】 选B。句意:让那些需要帮助的人明白我们会全力帮助他们。宾语those in need与understand之间为主动关系,所以understand用主动形式;且let后常接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,故选B。
4. 【解析】 选A。主语the girl与非谓语动词know之间为主动关系,故用现在分词;且非谓语动词的否定式应在其前加否定词,据此可知答案为A。此处分词短语Not knowing...在句中作原因状语。
5. 【解析】 选B。句意:引擎无法启动,看起来引擎出了问题。动词seem后常接不定式作表语,语境表明go wrong是一个已发生的动作,所以用动词不定式的完成式。
6. 【解析】 选A。句意:被警方询问的证人刚才针对这次打架给了非常不同的描述。非谓语动词question作witnesses的后置定语;且与witnesses之间为被动关系;又根据句中时间标志词just now可知动作question已经完成,故选A。being questioned作后置定语意为“正被询问的”;to be questioned作后置定语意为“将被询问的”。
7. 【解析】 选A。句意:如果要你去照看其他人的行李,就立刻通知警察。状语从句连词if之后省略了从句的主语、谓语,省略的主语you与动词ask之间为被动关系,故使用过去分词,答案选A。
8. 【解析】 选A。句意:因为那天晚上被要求加班,我错过了一部精彩的电影。ask与句子主语I之间为被动关系,故排除表示主动关系的B、C;且选项在句中作原因状语,故排除D项,D项常作目的和结果状语,不作原因状语。
9. 【解析】 选B。句意:汤姆乘出租车赶到机场,结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已经飞入高空了。此处only后接动词不定式to do,表示出乎意料的结果,故选B。
10. 【解析】 选C。句意:我们已经有了一个好的起步,但是接下来,更多的工作需要去做,以便取得最后的成功。work与do之间为被动关系,而need后需接doing或接动词不定式的被动形式to be done表示被动,故选C。
二、用所给词的适当形式完成句子
1. 【解析】 listening。enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事。
2. 【解析】 to keep。make后常跟不带to的不定式,是使役动词用法。但此处“make”表示制作,to keep动词不定式表示目的。
3. 【解析】 to give in。have no choice but to do sth.没有选择不得不做某事。习惯用法中跟带to的不定式。
4. 【解析】 Translated。句意:翻译成英语后,发现这个句子的词序全变了。the sentence与translate之间为被动关系,故用过去分词。
5. 【解析】 making。句意:中国修建了越来越多的高速公路,更加方便人们从一个地方到另一个地方。highways与make是主谓关系,故用现在分词,作伴随状语。
6. 【解析】 writing。句意:给他写信没用,他从不回信。在“It is no use doing…/It is no good doing…”等句型中通常用动名词(短语)作主语,it为形式主语。
7. 【解析】 to inform。句意:我很遗憾地通知你,我们不能给你提供工作。表示“为将要做的事而遗憾” regret后接不定式。
8. 【解析】 broken。句意:在那场事故中,她的胳膊弄断了。have sth. done是固定搭配,可以表示主语遭受不愉快、不测的事情。
9. 【解析】 To free。句意:为了解除我们自己生理和心理的紧张,我们每个人都需要深刻的思考和内心的宁静。考查非谓语动词用法。这里所填的词作目的状语,用来修饰动词,表示目的,故填不定式To free。
10.【解析】 studying。句意:她每周用两个晚上来学习与她工作有关的医学文献。devote oneself to后接动名词做宾语。