高中英语语法详解大全Part19状语从句 讲义学案（含答案）-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高中英语语法详解大全（讲义）
Part 19 状语从句
状语从句指在复合句中起状语的作用，修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词和副词等的从句。因其在句中的作用相当于副词，故被称为副词性从句。
状语从句一般由从属连词引导，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。状语从句多位于句首或句尾。位于句首时，通常用逗号与主句隔开；位于句尾时，可以不用逗号与主句隔开。根据意义的不同，可以将状语从句分为以下九大类：
类型 连接词 例句
时间
状语 when, whenever, while, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than, the moment/minute, immediately, instantly, the first time等 When I returned, the door was open.
我回来时门是开着的。
I was in the dark about it until she told me. 这件事在她告诉我之前，我毫不知情。
地点
状语 where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere等 Don’t leave it where the kids can reach it. 不要把它放在孩子们够得着的地方。
Sit wherever you like. 你请随便坐。
原因
状语 because, as, since, now that等 We couldn’t go out because it was too cold. 因为天气太冷，我们不能外出。
Now that everyone is here, let’s start to work. 既然大家都到了，咱们开始工作吧。
条件
状语 if, unless, once, in case, as long as, on condition that等 If he is not at home, he must be out for a walk. 如果他不在家，他可能出去散步了。
You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean. 只要你不把书弄脏，你就可以借。
目的
状语 so that, in order that, for fear that等 She turned away so that no one might see the tears on her face. 为了不让人看到脸上的泪水，她背过脸去。
结果
状语 so that, so…that, such…that等 He spoke clearly, so that everybody understood him. 他讲话讲得很清楚，所以大家都听懂了。
He ran so fast that his brother couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得太快了，他弟弟赶不上他。
比较
状语 than, as…as, not so/as…as, the more…the more等 She is older than is supposed.
她比想象的要老。
He is not so old as you think.
他的年纪没有你想得那么大。
方式
状语 as if, as though, as等 She treats me as though I were a stranger. 她待我形同路人。
State the fact as it is. 照实讲来。
让步
状语 though, although, even if（though）, as, no matter what（who, which, how, when）, whatever, while, in spite of the fact that等 Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。
We will never give up working whatever happens. 无论发生什么事，我们都将不会放弃工作。
要点提示
1. 在条件状语从句中，常用一般时代替将来时；
2. as if和as though引导的方式状语从句一般用虚拟语气；
3. as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；
4. 汉语“虽然……但是……”在英语中不能用though/although...but... 来表示，though/although和but不可同时使用；
5. 在同一个句子中，不能同时出现because和so 。
练一练
用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句，并指出是哪种状语从句：
1. I shall go to the park unless it rains.
2. Since you are so sure of it, he’ll believe you.
3. He talks as if he knew all about it.
1. unless it rains条件状语从句
2. Since you are so sure of it原因状语从句
3. as if he knew all about it方式状语从句
1 时间状语从句
1. when, while, as引导的时间状语从句
He was on the point of leaving when Mary
他正要走，这时玛丽进来了。
I met an old friend of mine when/while/as I was
当我沿街散步的时候，碰见了我的一个老朋友。
练一练
1. While my mother ______some washing, I ______a kite for Kate.
A. did; made
B. was doing; made
C. was doing; was making
D. did; was making
2. We were swimming in the lake ______suddenly the storm started.
A. when
B. while
C. until
D. before
3. ______the days went on, the weather got worse.
A. With
B. Since
C. While
D. As
1. C 2. A 3. D
2．till, until引导的时间状语从句
练一练
1. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ______we’ve actually had that lesson.
A. until
B. after
C. since
D. when
2. We didn’t go home ______we finished the work.
A. since
B. until
C. because
D. why
3. ______the sun rises, all the stars in the sky disappear.
A. The moment
B. Before
C. Till
D. Until
1. A 2. B 3. A
3．before, after和since引导的时间状语从句
练一练
1. Several weeks had gone by ______I realized the book was missing.
A. as
B. before
C. that
D. when
2. —What was the party like
—Wonderful. It’s years ______I enjoyed myself so much.
A. after
B. before
C. when
D. since
3. They ______friends since they met in Beijing.
A. have made
B. have become
C. have been
D. have turned
1. B 2. D 3. C
4. 表示“一……就，刚刚……就”的时间状语从句
名词类 the moment, the minute, the second, the instant等 Let me know the instant the visitor comes. 客人一来就告诉我。
副词类 immediately, directly, instantly, once等 Once the film is made, all young people will want to see it. 这部电影一拍好，所有年轻人都会想看的。
句型类 no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely/barely…when等 I had no sooner lain down than the telephone rang. 我刚躺下，电话铃就响了。
She had hardly arrived when it began to snow. 她刚到就下起雪来了。
要点提示
no sooner, hardly/scarcely/barely位于句首时，主句要用倒装结构，即把 had放在主语前。如：
No sooner had I lain down than the telephone rang.
我刚躺下，电话铃就响了。
Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow.
她刚到就下起雪来了。
练一练
1. Hardly had he reached the school gate ______the bell rang.
A. while
B. when
C. as
D. as soon as
2. I had no sooner arrived home ______it began to rain.
A. when
B. while
C. as
D. than
3. I recognized you ______I saw you at the airport.
A. the moment
B. while
C. after
D. then
1. B 2. D 3. A
2 地点状语从句
引导词 意义 例句
where 表示某个确定的并非特指的地点 You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.你应当养成习惯，将东西放在你能找到的地方。
wherever, anywhere, everywhere 表示任何地方 You can take it with you wherever you go.
你不论去哪里，都可随身携带它。
备注：地点状语从句一般置于主句之后；根据强调的需要，anywhere, everywhere和wherever也可以放在句首。如：Wherever you go, I will follow you. 无论你去哪，我都跟着你。
要点提示
where引导地点状语从句和定语从句的区别：从句前有先行词就是定语从句，没有就是地点状语从句。如：
站在你待的地方。
Stand where you are.（地点状语从句）
Stand in the place where you are.（定语从句）
练一练
1. She found her cellphone ______she lost it.
A. where
B. when
C. how
D. that
2. —Mom, what did the doctor say
—He advised me to live ______the air is fresher.
A. in where
B. in which
C. the place where
D. where
3. When you read the book, you’d better make a mark ______you have any questions.
A. what
B. at where
C. the place
D. where
1. A 2. D 3. D
3 原因状语从句
because, since, as, for引导的原因状语从句
要点提示
在强调句型中，只能用because 。如：
It was because I missed the early bus that I was late for school.
就是因为我没有赶上早班汽车，所以我上学迟到了。
练一练
1. —Why is their classroom so clean and tidy
—______it is cleaned every day.
A. Since
B. As
C. Because
D. When
2. ______that I’m feeling all right, my brain is also beginning to work much better.
A. For
B. Now
C. Since
D. Despite
3. The gas must have been used up, ______the fire went out by itself.
A. because
B. as
C. for
D. since
1. C 2. B 3. C
4 结果状语从句
so that, so…that, such…that引导的结果状语从句
从属连词 后接成分 位置 例句
so that 从句 句首或句中 He spoke clearly, so that everybody understood him.
他讲话讲得很清楚，所以大家都听懂了。
so…that 从句 句中 He speaks so fast that no one can catch him.
他说话太快，没有人听得明白。
The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.球重重地打在了他身上，使他几乎落到水里去。
It was so hot a day that they wanted to go swimming.
天那么热，他们想去游泳。
such…that 从句 句中 He’s such a good person that we mustn’t blame him.
他是这样好的人，我们不能怪他。
They are such fine teachers that we all hold them in great respect. 他们是非常好的老师，我们对他们极为尊敬。
备注：如果结果状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，可用so（adj. /adv. ）as to取代该结果状语从句。如：How can you be so stupid as to believe him 你怎么这么笨，竟相信他？
要点提示
such…that和 so…that有时可以换用，条件是 such所修饰的名词必须是一个单数可数名词，且该名词还带有表性质的形容词，即：“ such a/an+形容词+名词”相当于“ so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如：
He is such a good student that we all like him.
→ He is so good a student that we all like him.
他是一个好学生，我们都喜欢他。
但是，如果是不可数名词或复数可数名词，则只能用such，不能用so修饰。 如：
It was such bad weather that he had to stay at home.
天气如此恶劣，他不得不待在家里。
练一练
1. His plan was such a good one ______we all agreed to accept it.
A. so
B. and
C. that
D. as
2. She was ______tired ______she could not move an inch.
A. so; that
B. such; that
C. very; that
D. so; as
3. Speak to him slowly, ______he may understand you better.
A. since
B. so that
C. for
D. because
1. C 2. A 3. B
5 目的状语从句
in order that, so that, in order（not）to, so as（not）to引导的目的状语从句
从属连词 后接成分 位置 例句
in order that 从句 句首或句中 In order that everybody could hear him, he spoke loudly. 他大声说话，为了使大家都能听见。
I am saving money in order that I can buy a house. 我正在攒钱，以便我能买一所房子。
so that 从句 句中 Bring it closer so that I may see it better.
把它拿近点儿，让我看个仔细。
in order（not）to 动词或动词短语 句首或句中 In order to do this you have to build up confidence. 为了做到这一点，你一定要建立起自信。
We grow up in order to give out.
我们成长是为了给予和付出。
so as（not）to 动词或动词短语 句中 I’ll get up early so as to be ready when you come. 我早些起床，以便你来的时候我就准备好了。
要点提示
1.目的状语从句中常含有情态动词may（might）, can（could）, should等，放在从句里的动词之前；从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号。如：
I shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget.
我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。
2. 用 so as（not）to do/in order（not）to do引导目的状语时，句子的主语往往是有 to do这个目的的人，即 to do的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致；so as（not）tot引导的目的状语不放在句首。如：
They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time.
=They worked harder than usual in order to / so as to finish the work ahead of time.
为了能提前完成工作，他们比往常更加努力工作。
3. 口语中， so也可以引导目的状语从句。如：
We’ll sit nearer the front so （that）we can hear better.
我们坐得靠前一点，以便我们听得清楚一点。
4. so that引导目的状语从句和引导结果状语从句的比较：
so that既可以引导目的状语从句表示“以便，为了 ……”，也可以引导结果状语从句表示“结果 ……”。其区别在于：引导目的状语从句时，从句中常含有 can/could/may/might/will/would等情态动词，并且主句和从句之间无逗号隔开；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不含情态动词，并且主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。如：
He spoke at the top of his voice so that the students at the back could hear him.
（目的状语从句）
他说话声音很高，这样后面的同学能听见。
He spoke at the top of his voice, so that the students at the back heard him.
（结果状语从句）
他说话声音很高，结果后面的同学都听见了。
练一练
1. We should go by bus ______we can get there earlier.
A. as soon as
B. where
C. in order that
D. so as to
2. ______miss the game, they set out early after supper.
A. So as not to
B. In order that
C. So that
D. In order not to
3. He bought a robot _______ have more free time.
A. so that
B. in order to
C. therefore
D. in order that
1. C 2. D 3. B
6 条件状语从句
要点提示
1.if…not和unless通常可以换用，但是当if…not引导非真实条件从句时，一般不可改用unless 。如：
If she had not had an alarm clock , she would have missed the train.
如果她没有闹钟的话，她就误了火车了。
2. 条件从句中的if不能用whether替换；
3. 在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，如表示将来时态，主句是一般将来时态、祈使句或含有情态动词，从句要用现在时态，即“主将从现”原则。如：
He will come here on time if it doesn’t rain .
如果天不下雨，他会按时到这儿。
4. 连词（词组）providing/provided（that）, supposing/supposed（that）, assuming（that）, as long as, so long as, on condition（that）和 in case意思相近，表示“如果，只要，假如，在 ……条件下”等意义。如：
Provided / Providing that you keep quiet, you can come to the concert.
只要你保持安静，你就可以来听音乐会。
Supposing/Supposed he isn’t out , how can I do then
假如他没出去，那我该怎么办呢
I’ll love you as / so long as I breathe .
只要我还活着，我一定爱你。
He can use the bicycle on condition （that ）he returns it tomorrow.
自行车可以给他用，条件是明天必须归还。
In case he arrives before I get back , please ask him to wait.
如果他在我回来之前到了，请让他等一下。
练一练
1. If you ______to the party, you’ll have a great time.
A. will go
B. went
C. go
D. going
2. What should I do ______I want to keep healthy
A. whether
B. why
C. unless
D. if
3. I don’t know if Jack ______. If he ______, call me, please.
A. comes; come
B. will come; will come
C. will come; comes
D. comes; will come
1. C 2. D 3. C
7 比较状语从句
句型 词义 用法 例句
as…as
（not so/as…as） 和……（不）一样 用于同级比较 He is as strong as a horse. 他力大如牛。
The work is not so /as difficult as you imagine.
这工作不像你想像的那么困难。
than 比，比较 用于不同级比较 She was older than I was. 她年纪比我大。
She works better than I. 她工作做得比我好。
the more…, the more 越……，越…… 引导从句 The more you study, the more knowledge you can get. 你学的越多，获得的知识就越多。
A is to B what/as C is to D. A对B而言正如C对D一样 引导从句 Air is to us what /as water is to fish.
空气对于我们犹如水对于鱼。
Face is important to man as the bark is to the tree. 人要脸，树要皮。
要点提示
“less+原级+than ”意思是“不如，较不……”。如：
This kind of food is less expensive than thatone.
这种食品不如那一种贵。
This test is less simple than I expected it to be.
这个测试没有我想象的那么简单。
练一练
1. More people will eat out in restaurants ______they do today.
A. than
B. when
C. while
D. as
2. The ______you listen to English, the more you can understand it.
A. much
B. many
C. more
D. most
3. The pianos in the other shop will be ______, but ______.
A. cheaper; not as better
B. more cheap; not as better
C. cheaper; not as good
D. more cheap; not as good
1. A 2. C 3. C
8 方式状语从句
要点提示
1．有时like,the way也可用作连词，表示方式，与as的用法相似。如：
Nobody loves you like I do . 没有人像我这样爱你。
They didn’t do it the way we do now . 那时他们不像我们现在这样行事。
2．just as…（so）意为“正如……一样，……也……”，比as的语气要强一些，多用于正式文体。如：
Just as dark clouds cannot long hide the sun, so no lies can cover up the fact.
正如乌云不能长久遮蔽太阳一样，谎言也掩盖不了事实。
练一练
1. He likes to talk big ______he were an important person.
A. as well as
B. as long as
C. so that
D. as though
2. He talks as if he ______everything in the world.
A. knows
B. knew
C. had known
D. would have known
3. ______I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A. When
B. After
C. As
D. Since
1. D 2. B 3. C
9 让步状语从句
从属连词 词义 例句
though/although 虽然，尽管 Though /Although I believe it, I must consider.
尽管我相信这一点，但我还得考虑考虑。
no matter+疑问词 不管……都 No matter what you say, I like to listen.
不管你说什么，我都喜欢听。
Don’t open the door no matter who calls!
不管谁叫门，都不要开!
while 尽管 While I like its colour, I don’t like its shape.
尽管我喜欢它的颜色，但我不喜欢它的形状。
even if/
even though 即使，尽管 Even though you do not like it, you must do it.
尽管你不喜欢，你也得做。
They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.
即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。
要点提示
1. though/although不能与but连用，但都可与yet,still连用。如：
Although/Though my car is very old, it still runs very well.
我的汽车虽然很旧，但仍然跑得很快。
2. although比though正式，though较常在口语中使用；
3. though引导让步状语从句时，可以采用倒装句型，但although不可以这样用（参见第二十章特殊句式）；
4. “no matter+疑问词”相当于“疑问词-ever ”。如：
No matter who you are , you must keep the law.
= Whoever you are , you must keep the law.
不管你是谁，你都需要遵纪守法。
5. while引导的让步状语从句一般位于句首；while的语气比though, although要弱；
6. even if/even though语气较强；二者一般可以换用。
练一练
1. Mary spends a lot of money on clothes ______her family is not rich.
A. because
B. though
C. if
D. that
2. We must do it well, ______there are a lot of difficulties.
A. as if
B. as though
C. even though
D. even as
3. ______the sun was shining, ______it wasn’t very warm.
A. Although; but
B. Although;/
C. /; although
D. But; although
1. B 2. C 3. B
状语从句习题
一、单项填空
1. They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year,______they might have.
A. however difficult
B. how difficult
C. whatever difficulty
D. what difficulty
2. Hot ______the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
A. although
B. as
C. while
D. however
3. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ______it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.
A. whatever
B. whoever
C. wherever
D. whichever
4. “You can’t judge a book by its cover,” ______.
A. as the saying goes old
B. goes as the old saying
C. as the old saying goes
D. goes as old the saying
5. I had hardly got to the office ______my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
A. when
B. than
C. until
D. after
6. One can always manage to do more things, no matter ______full one’s schedule is in life.
A. how
B. what
C. when
D. where
7. No matter how ______, it is not necessarily lifeless.
A. a desert may be dry
B. dry a desert may be
C. may a desert be dry
D. dry may a desert be
8. If you happen to get lost in the wild, you’d better stay ______you are and wait for help.
A. why
B. where
C. who
D. what
9. One’s life has value ______one brings value to the life of others.
A. so that
B. no matter how
C. as long as
D. except that
10. You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason ______you reach any decision.
A. although
B. before
C. because
D. unless
二、根据提示，翻译句子
1. They phoned immediately they reached home.（翻译）
_________________________________________
2. 虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买的，它太贵了。（though）
_____________________, I won’t buy it; it’s too expensive.
3. The boy hid himself behind the tree for fear that his father（should）see him.（翻译）
_________________________________________
4. 迈克是一个诚实的工人，我们都相信他。（so… that）
_________________________________________
5. Now that everybody is here, let’s begin our class.（翻译）
_________________________________________
6. 每当我学习有困难的时候，他总是耐心地帮助我。（whenever）
_____________________, he always helped me patiently.
7. I work less hard than Tom.（翻译）
_________________________________________
8. 因为天下雨，所以我们不得不在室内玩。（because）
_________________________________________
9. He looks as if he had been hit by lighting.（翻译）
_________________________________________
10. 除非我努力学习，否则我就通过不了期末考试。（unless）
_________________________________________
答案解析
一、单项填空
1. 【解析】 选C。句意：他们承诺，无论可能有什么困难，到今年底都要开发出一个软件包。题干是一个主从复合句，由句意“无论”可知是让步状语从句，从而排除B、D。从句中的关键词是实义动词have，用还原法，可知是短语have difficulty，所以从句为whatever difficulty they might have。如果选A，则从句要改为：however difficult it might be。
2. 【解析】 选B。hot作从句的表语，且位置提前，说明从句倒装，即as引导的让步状语从句中，要将从句中作表语的名词、形容词、副词或部分谓语动词提到as之前，故选B。
3. 【解析】 选C。考查让步状语从句。在状语从句______it is discovered中，不缺少任何主要成分，所以引导词只能在从句中作状语，只可以选择副词性质的，所以答案选C。
4. 【解析】 选C。句意：正如老话所说的那样，“人不可貌相”。考查as引导的方式状语从句。go old意思是“变老”，和题意不符，故排除选项A。选项B和D显然使用了全倒装语序，但本句不满足条件，不能作为本题的正确答案。所以答案是选项C，其中的as引导一个方式状语从句，意思是“如……一样”。
5. 【解析】 选A。考查固定句型hardly…when…一……就，引导时间状语从句。句意：我刚到办公室，我妻子就给我打电话让我立刻回家。
6. 【解析】 选A。考查让步状语从句。让步状语从句中，no matter how=however。根据how+adj./adv. 的原则，本题中full是形容词，所以选择A。
7. 【解析】 选B。句意：无论沙漠多么干燥，都不可能没有生命。考查“how+adj.+主语+谓语”结构。
8. 【解析】 选B。考查地点状语从句。句意：如果你碰巧在野外迷路，你最好待在原地等待救援。where引导的地点状语表明主句动作发生的地点，故选B。
9. 【解析】 选C。as long as只要；so that以便，因此；no matter how不管怎样；except that除了。句意：______一个人给别人的生活带来价值，那么他的生命就有价值。as long as符合句意，故选C。
10. 【解析】 选B。句意：你必须要学会兼顾好情感与理智______你做任何决定。对比reach any decision和consult your feelings and your reason关系，不难看出，兼顾好情感与理智在前，做任何决定在后。所以，before符合句意，故选B。
二、根据提示，翻译句子
1. 【解析】 他们一到家就打电话。immediately意为“一……就，刚刚……就”，引导时间状语从句，表示从句动作一发生，主句动作随即发生。
2. 【解析】 Though I like it very much。though意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。
3. 【解析】 这个男孩儿藏在树后，以防他的父亲看到他。for fear意为“以免”，引导目的状语从句，从句中谓语动词有时可用虚拟语气，即（should+）动词原形。
4. 【解析】 Mike is so honest a worker thatwe all believe him.。so…that意为“如此……以至于”，引导结果状语从句，常用“so+adj. +a/an+可数名词单数+that从句”结构。
5. 【解析】 既然大家都到了，让我们开始上课吧。now that意为“既然”，引导原因状语从句，位于主句之前，表示已知的事实。
6. 【解析】 Whenever I had difficulty in study。whenever意为“每当，无论何时”，引导时间状语从句。
7. 【解析】 我工作不如汤姆努力。than引导不同级比较，“less+原级+than”意思是“不如……，比……较差”。
8. 【解析】 We have to play inside because it is raining.。because意为“因为，由于”，引导原因状语从句。
9. 【解析】 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。as if引导方式状语从句，从句中的谓语动词用了虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反。
10.【解析】 I won’t be able to pass the final exams unless I work hard.。unless意为“除非，如果不”，引导条件状语从句。