高中英语语法详解大全Part 21特殊句式 讲义学案（含答案）-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高中英语语法详解大全（讲义）
Part 21 特殊句式
除了一些常规的表达方式外，英语还有些特殊的句式和句型。这些特殊的句式和句型构成了英语独特的表达方式，归纳起来主要有以下几种：
1 There be句型
1. There be句型的否定结构和疑问结构
否定结构 There be+not（any）/no+主语…
There are not any pens on the desk. 课桌上没有钢笔。
一般疑问句 Be there+（any）+主语…？
简单答语：Yes, there be./No, there be not.
—Is there a cake on the table 桌子上有块蛋糕吗？
—Yes, there is./No, there isn’t. 是的，有。/不，没有。
反意疑问句 There be+主语…, be not there 或There be not/no+主语…, be there
简单答语：Yes, there be./No, there be not. （yes或no的翻译，视具体情况来定）
—There isn’t a cup on the table, is there 桌子上没有杯子，是吗？
—Yes, there is./No, there isn’t. 不，有。/是的，没有。
特殊疑问句 对主语提问：Who/What is+介词短语？
There are some boys in the room. 房间里有些男孩。
Who is in the room 谁在房间里？
对地点状语提问：Where is/are+主语
Where are the boys 男孩子们在哪里？
对数量提问：How many+复数名词+are/were there+介词短语？
How much+不可数名词+is/was there+介词短语？
How many students are there in your school 你们学校有多少学生？
要点提示
1.当There be句型的肯定句中含有some或something时，在句子变成否定句或疑问句时，要将some变为any、something变为anything 。如：
There is some money in her handbag. 她的手提包里有一些钱。
→Is there any money in her handbag 她的手提包里有一些钱吗？
There is something new in today’s newspaper. 今天的报纸上有些新鲜事。
→There isn’t anything new in today’s newspaper.
今天的报纸上没有新鲜事。
2.对主语提问的时候，be动词只能用is/was，而回答的时候则视实际情况而用单、复数。如：
—Who is in the room 谁在房间里？
—There are some boys in the room. 房间里有些男孩。
3. There be句型中的be动词可以有各种时态，还可以同各种助动词或情态动词连用。如：
There might be a pen in the box. 盒子里也许有一支钢笔。
There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. 明天将有一个会议。
巧记小助手
There be句型口诀：
There be句型不一般，主语跟在be后边。
be可变为is/are，there永远不变化。
单数/ 不可数用is，复数主语要用are。
多个主语若出现，就近原则是关键。
地点/ 时间是状语，句子首尾任你选。
变否定很简单，not加在be后边。
一般疑问也不难，把be提到there前。
肯定句中用some，否定/ 疑问any换。
特殊疑问问主语，“Who’s/What’s+介短？”不改变。
How many/How much一出现，就和数量有关联。
2. There be句型的扩展形式
There be结构中除可以用 be外，还可以用其它动词，主要是表示存在概念的状态动词，或是表示某事发生或某人到达等概念的不及物动词。如：
exist存在 come来 stand站立
live居住 appear出现 happen to碰巧
lie位于 remain仍有 seem似乎
There remained just twenty-eight pounds.只剩二十八英镑了。
There comes an old man on the footpath.人行道上走来一位老人。
There seem to be a few trees between me and the green.
在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。
Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一个老渔夫。
3. There be句型与have/has的异同
练一练
1. There ______ some milk, some eggs and a few apples on the table.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
2. —Are there ______ houses near the river
—Yes, there are ______.
A. some; some
B. any; some
C. any; any
D. some; any
3. —There ______ a concert this evening.
—Yeah. Exciting news!
A. will have
B. is going to have
C. are going to be
D. is going to be
1. A 2. B 3. D
2 倒装句型
1. 完全倒装
2. 部分倒装
要点提示
如果只是重复前面所说的情况，表示同意或强调（意为“是的，确实”），so引导的句子不用倒装。这里的主语应与前面句子的主语一致。如：
—She knows little English. 她英语懂得不多。
— So she does .的确如此。
3. 特殊形式的倒装
1）在“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”结构中，常将“the+比较级”放在句首，形成倒装。如：
The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.
你读的书越多，你的知识就越渊博。
2）however/no matter how, whatever/no matter what引导让步状语从句时，连同它们所修饰的部分放在句首，形成倒装句式，其后用陈述语序。如：
However late he is , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
不管他多晚才回来，妈妈总是要等他回来一起吃晚饭。
3）在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，常将表语部分提至句首，形成从句的部分倒装。名词提前时，前面不加冠词。如：
Child as he is , he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子，但他知道的很多。
Terrible though the storm was, we continued our way.
=Though the storm was terrible, we continued our way.
尽管暴风雪很大，但我们继续赶路。
4）在主系表结构的句子中，出于强调，当把表语提前时，句子采用完全倒装的形式。如：
Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.
他们可以随心所欲的日子过去了。
练一练
1. —Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother
—I don’t know; ______.
A. nor don’t I care
B. nor do I care
C. I don’t care neither
D. I don’t care also
2. ______ for your help, we’d never have been able to get over the difficulties.
A. Had it not
B. Had it not been
C. If it were not
D. If we had not been
3. —Here ______! Where is David
—There ______.
A. comes the bus; is he
B. comes the bus; he is
C. the bus comes; is he
D. the bus comes; he is
1. B 2. B 3. B
3 强调句型
几种常见的强调形式：
形式 例句
强调句：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分. It is a magazine that Mary will give me tomorrow. 玛丽明天要给我的是一本杂志。
助动词do/does/did+动词原形 Do be careful when you cross the street.
过马路时，务必要小心啊！
用词或词组very, only, well, a lot, on earth等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气 That’s the very textbook we used last term. 这正是我们上学期用过的教材。
同单词重复来加强语气 I’ll never , never forget you.
我永远、永远不会忘记你。
用倒装句来表示强调 That she is a good girl I know.
她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。
用感叹句来表示强烈的感情 Oh, what a lie! 啊，真是弥天大谎！
备注：It is/was…that…结构不能强调谓语，强调谓语时用助动词 do/does/did+动词原形
1. 强调句的基本结构为：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分。
被强调部分 引导词 例句
指人 that/who It was he that /who met an old friend in the park yesterday. 就是他昨天在公园里见到了一位老朋友。
既指人又作宾语 that/who It was an old friend that he met in the park yesterday. 他昨天在公园里见到的是一位老朋友。
指物 that It is imagination that makes the world colourful, full of vigor and vitality. 是想象力使得世界丰富多彩、充满活力、朝气蓬勃。
既包括人又包括物 用that不用who It was the things and people they remembered that they were talking about. 他们正在谈论的是他们记得的事和人。
作状语 用that不用when, where, why或how，且不可省略 It was last summer that I graduated from the university. 我是去年夏天从那所大学毕业的。
要点提示
1. 强调原因状语从句时，只能由because引导，不能由as, since或why引导。如：
It is because I am about to start on a journey that I shall not be able to begin the work.
我是因为即将出去旅行才不能开始这项工作。
2.被强调部分无论是单数还是复数,It后的动词均用单数形式, 即is或was 。如：
It is they that/who have finished cleaning the classroom
打扫完教室的人是他们。
3.强调特殊疑问句的疑问词时，要将疑问词置于句首，句子结构仍是疑问句形式。如：
原句：Where did you put the book
强调句： Where was it that you put the book
你把书放在哪里了
2. 强调“not…until ”引导的时间状语时，要用It is/was not until...that... 结构。注意此时原句的not…until 要变成not until，that 从句中的谓语动词要用肯定式，且须用陈述句语序。如：
I didn’t realize how much time I had wasted until I began to work.
→ It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
3. 强调句型若删去“It is/was...that/who... ”，原句结构与语意均完整。如：
It’s in the building that he lives. 他是住在那个楼（房子）里。
去掉后是：（It’s）in the building（that）he lives.
练一练
1. It is the ability to do the job ______matters, not where you come from or what you are.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. who
2. It was not until midnight ______they reached the camp site.
A. that
B. when
C. while
D. as
3. ______was very ______that little Jim wrote the letter.
A. It; careful
B. It; carefully
C. He; careful
D. He; carefully
1. B 2. A 3. B
4 省略句型
要点提示
1. 为了避免重复前面所说过的内容，可用so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句，通常与believe, do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think, I’m afraid等连用。如：
—Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting
你认为他会参加会议吗？
—I suppose（she is）not （going to attend the meeting）. 我想不会。
2. 在情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分，而只保留对方希望了解的内容。在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。如：
—How much money do you have with you 你随身带了多少钱
—（I have）Three hundred yuan （with me）. 三百元。
—Have you ever been to the Great Wall 你去过长城吗？
—No,（I have）never （been to the Great Wall）. 没，从没去过。
练一练
1. The doctor did what he could ______the boy, but in vain.
A. save
B. to save
C. saving
D. saved
2. —I hope the children won’t touch the dog.
—I’ve warned them ______.
A. not
B. not to
C. not touch
D. not do
3. Although ______to stop, he kept on working.
A. tell
B. telling
C. having told
D. told
1. B 2. B 3. D
5 插入语
所谓插入语，就是指插在句子中间、对句子起附加说明或解释的成分。一般来说，插入语与句子的其他部分没有语法上的联系，若将其去掉，句子结构仍然完整。
形式 例句
1 形容词（短语）作插入语 Sure enough , she was there.
她果然在那里。
2 副词（短语）作插入语 Frankly , I can do nothing about it.
坦白说，我对此无能为力。
3 介词短语作插入语 He doesn’t mind. In fact , he is very pleased.
他不介意，实际上他很高兴。
4 v -ing分词（短语）作插入语 Judging from his accent , he may be from the south.
听他的口音，他可能是南方人。
5 句子作插入语 He will come on National Day, that is to say , October 1st. 他国庆节来，也就是说十月一号。
6 不定式短语作插入语 To begin with , I do not like its colour. 首先，我不喜欢它的颜色。
7 固定短语作插入语 No wonder my brother wasn’t feeling well.
难怪我兄弟感觉不舒服了。
8 表示疑问的结构
作插入语 What do you think I should do first
你认为我应该先做什么？
要点提示
常见的短语或从句作插入语的有：above all, to tell the truth, after all,all the same, all in all,of course,to one’s surprise,if you please/like,if/when necessary,if convenient,as it happens等。
练一练
1. Who do you think ______ us a talk this afternoon
A. to give
B. gave
C. will give
D. giving
2. Philip is a New Yorker, ______, he lives in New York.
A. that is
B. besides
C. after all
D. in one word
3. Who do you suppose ______ turn to for help
A. should we
B. we should
C. do we
D. can we
1. C 2. A 3. B
特殊句式习题
一、单项填空
1. Not until he went through real hardship ______ the love we have for our families is important.
A. had he realized
B. did he realize
C. he realized
D. he had realized
2. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ______ to ruins, the city took on a new look.
A. reducing
B. reduced
C. being reduced
D. having reduced
3. Only when he apologizes for his rudeness ______ to him again.
A. I will speak
B. will I speak
C. do I speak
D. I speak
4. It was with the help of the local guide ______ the mountain climber was rescued.
A. who
B. that
C. when
D. how
5. The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor ______ it a thought.
A. does he even given
B. he even gives
C. will he even give
D. he will even given
6. It was not until near the end of the letter ______ she mentioned her own plan.
A. that
B. where
C. why
D. when
7. The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ______.
A. not to do
B. not to
C. not do
D. do not
8. He seems to be giving the impression that he didn’t enjoy himself in Paris. ______, he had a wonderful time.
A. Above all
B. What’s more
C. As a result
D. On the contrary
9. There are some health problems that, when ______ in time, can become bigger ones later on.
A. not treated
B. not being treated
C. not to be treated
D. not have been treated
10. It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. ______, I’ll set the table.
A. As a result
B. On the whole
C. In the meanwhile
D. As a matter of fact
二、完成句子
1. Gross先生读了这些报告之后才意识到，他面前的这个任务非常难完成。______ only after he had read the papers ______ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
2. 信不信由你，他100多岁了。
_____________________, he is more than one hundred years old.
3. 他直到三年前从教学岗位上退休下来才考虑到去国外度假。
Not until he retired from teaching three years ago __________________ having a holiday abroad.
4. _______________（在北京的时候）, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.
5. 学校图书馆里有各种各样的书。
__________________all kinds of books __________________.
6. 他感到一定是电视机出了故障。
He felt that__________________TV set.
7. 他昨晚没去看电影，她也没去。
He didn’t go to the cinema last night, __________________.
8. 为什么不马上去那儿呢？
__________________at once
9. 一般来说, 一月的天气是最冷的。
__________________, the coldest weather comes in January.
10. 他今天早晨迟到了，但我不知道他迟到的原因。
He was late this morning, but I don’t know __________________.
答案解析
一、单项填空
1. 【解析】 选B。考查倒装结构。句意：直到他经历了真正的艰难之后才意识到我们对家庭的爱是很重要的。含有否定意义或否定形式的词或短语位于句首时，句子部分倒装。由he went through real hardship可知动作已经发生，而A选项的意思是先认识后经历，不符合本句所表达的意思，故用一般过去时，所以B正确。
2. 【解析】 选C。考查时间状语从句的省略句型。句意：在遭受大地震，沦为废墟之后不久，这座城市就呈现出新的面貌。shortly after在……之后不久，引导时间状语从句。时间状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致时，为避免重复，从句可用省略句。根据短语reduce the city to ruins使城市沦为废墟，可见reduce与逻辑主语the city构成被动关系，排除A、D；而and连接两个并列成分，suffering from a massive earthquake and______ to ruins，根据suffering的形式，确定答案为being reduced，故选C。
3. 【解析】 选B。考查倒装结构。句意：只有当他为他的粗鲁道歉的时候，我才会再跟他说话。当only放在句首，修饰状语时，主句用部分倒装，故排除A、D；且when引导的时间状语从句，有“主将从现”的用法，本题中从句用的是一般现在时，因此主句用一般将来时。
4. 【解析】 选B。考查强调句型。句意：是在当地导游的帮助下，登山者才得以获救。“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分”是固定的强调句型，被强调的部分无论是人或物，都可以用that；被强调部分如果是人，可以用that或者who。本句中被强调的部分并不是the local guide，而是介词短语with the help of the local guide，所以不能用who，而必须用that。
5. 【解析】 选C。考查倒装结构。句意：校长不会同意转科的，他甚至也根本不会考虑这个问题。空白处前为否定词nor位于句首，句子应使用部分倒装；又根据语境，选项应使用一般将来时，故选C。
6. 【解析】 选A。考查强调句型。句意：直到在这封信的末尾她才提到自己的计划。强调句的基本结构：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分，本句中强调的是时间状语从句，所以用that。
7. 【解析】 选B。考查省略句型。句意：这个司机想把车停靠在路边，但警察叫他别那样做。句型ask sb. not to do sth.，其被动形式为be asked not to do sth.。其中的do sth.即为前文的park his car near the roadside，为了避免重复，故省略，而只保留不定式符号to，故选B。
8. 【解析】 选D。考查插入语。句意：他似乎给人们留下一种在巴黎玩得不开心的印象。______，他玩得很开心。前后句有转折之意，故选D。
9. 【解析】 选A。考查省略句型。句意：有些健康问题，如果不及时治疗，以后会变得更严重。分析句子结构可知，that引导的句子为定语从句，其中when ______ in time为定语从句中的时间状语从句。时间状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致时，为避免重复，从句可用省略句。本句中，从句主语与主句主语都是problem，完整形式为when they are not treated，从句中含有系动词be，从句中的主语和be可以省略，故选A。
10. 【解析】 选C。考查插入语。句意：如果你去商店把我们晚餐需要的东西买来，那可算帮大忙了。______, 我会布置好桌子。as a result结果是；on the whole整体看来；in the meanwhile在这时候，与此同时；as a matter of fact事实上。根据句意，in the meanwhile符合语境，故选C。
二、完成句子
1. 【解析】 It was, that。根据句意，可判断为强调句型，“It is/was+被强调部分+that从句”是一个固定的强调句型。由语境可知，应为过去时，故句首部分应为It was，且当被强调的部分是事物时，连词只能用that。
2. 【解析】 Believe it or not。由句意可知，空白处应填写：believe it or not，即“信不信由你”。
3. 【解析】 did he consider。not until位于句首，句子部分倒装；且consider having a holiday abroad这个动作发生在retire之后，故用一般过去时，所以答案为did he consider。
4. 【解析】 When/While in Beijing。在含有状语从句的复合句中，当从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句谓语中包含be动词，这时可以省去从句的主语和be动词，保留be之后的部分。
5. 【解析】 There are, in the school library。英语中，描述“某处存在有某物、某人或某事”用there be句型，且all kinds of books为复数形式，故be动词用are；“学校图书馆里”用in the school library。
6. 【解析】 there must be something wrong with。英语中，描述“……出了故障”用there be something wrong with；题干中提到“一定是”这样肯定的猜测，故用到情态动词must。
7. 【解析】 neither/nor did she。在一个否定性陈述以后,表示这一否定性陈述也同样适用于另一人或另一事物, 可用neither或nor，句子须采用部分倒装。
8. 【解析】 Why not go there。英语中，表达“为什么不做某事呢？”用Why not do sth.句型。
9. 【解析】 Generally speaking。
10.【解析】 why。在并列句中，可以省略和前边分句中相同的部分，此句中know后面的宾语从句中省略了he was late。