2026年高考英语一轮复习 说明文阅读理解（含答案与解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高考英语一轮复习 说明文阅读理解
一．阅读理解（共20小题）
1．（2025 浙江模拟） The idea that night owls who don't go to bed until the early hours struggle to get anything done during the day may have to be revised.It turns out that staying up late could be good for our brain power as research suggests that people who identify as night owls could be sharper than those who go to bed early.
Researchers led by academics at Imperial College London studied data from the UK Biobank study on more than 26，000 people who had completed intelligence，reasoning，reaction time and memory tests.They then examined how participants' sleep duration，quality，and chronotype affected brain performance.They found that those who stay up late and those classed as "intermediate"had"superior cognitive function"，while morning larks had the lowest scores.Going to bed late is strongly associated with creative types.Artists，authors and musicians known to be night owls include James Joyce and Lady Gaga.
But while politicians like Barack Obama famously seemed to thrive on little sleep，the study found that sleep duration is important for brain function，with those getting between seven and nine hours of shut﹣eye each night performing best in cognitive tests.Prof Daqing Ma，the co﹣leader of the study，added，"We found that sleep duration has a direct effect on brain function，and we believe that actively managing sleep patterns is really important for boosting and safeguarding the way our brains work.We'd ideally like to see policy interventions to help sleep patterns improve in the general population."
Some experts，however，urged caution in interpreting the findings.Jessica Chelekis，a sleep expert at Brunel University London，said there were "important limitations" to the study as the research did not account for education attainment，or include the time of day the cognitive tests were conducted in the results.The main value of the study was challenging stereotypes around sleep，she added.
（1）What can be learned about the new research？ 　 　
A.It advocates a new trend of sleep patterns.
B.It reveals most night owls have sharp brains.
C.It suggests staying up enhances brain power.
D.It challenges common belief about night owls.
（2）Why are James Joyce and Lady Gaga mentioned in paragraph 2？ 　 　
A.To provide examples of intermediate people.
B.To suggest most successful artists are night owls.
C.To prove artists have superior cognitive function.
D.To show the link between late hours and creativity.
（3）Which statement will Prof Daqing Ma probably agree with？ 　 　
A.All sleep lengths equally improve brain function.
B.Parents shouldn't intervene children's sleep pattern.
C.Schools should start later to fit teens' body clocks.
D.Sleep duration is more important than sleep quality.
（4）What is the author's attitude towards the new study？ 　 　
A.Objective.
B.Skeptical.
C.Appreciative.
D.Critical.
2．（2025 庐阳区校级三模） They were once popular mainly with hikers，poor people，and students.No adult who cared even a little about fashion would be seen with one.But now，backpacks have become more widely accepted.Young people are now choosing them over briefcases and tote bags.Sales in America rose to a new high recently.
"Twenty years ago，you couldn't wear a backpack into work，"says Taylor Welden，creative director at Carryology，a platform for designers and writers who are enthusiastic about bags.That has changed.Andy Fallshaw，a bagmaker，compares backpacks to sneakers.Once a niche product worn by athletes，sneakers now are everywhere，even on fashion runways.
What changed？Workplaces have become more relaxed；at the same time backpacks are being designed to look more fashionable.New materials make backpacks seem fancier than the old ones.Higher baggage fees might have boosted backpack use：People want to carry more on the plane to avoid the cost，and it's easier to carry weight in a backpack than with a single shoulder bag.Longer trips to the office have also changed people into daily "backpackers".
People have carried things on their backs for thousands of years.Otzi，a man who lived 5，300 years ago，had a wooden backpack.In the early 1900s，an American added zippers（拉链） to make them lighter.In the 1960s，Murray and Jan created JanSport with new designs and sections.
A fresh generation of small，fancy bag makers is doing really well and experimenting with new，durable（耐用的） fabrics.Packolab，based in Ukraine，sells backpacks that cost around ＄400；they are so popular that the firm has started using a lottery（彩票） system to manage demand.Fashion brands，from Chanel to Saint Laurent，have taken notice，too.In 2023 Dior，partnered with Mystery Ranch，a bag designer in Montana best known for making kit for firefighters，hunters and soldiers，to create a limited﹣edition backpack with a 84，000 price label.Even established bagmakers are following the pack.
（1）How did adults who were concerned with fashion previously perceive backpacks？　 　
A.They viewed backpacks as stylish.
B.They regarded backpacks essential.
C.They considered backpacks practical.
D.They thought backpacks less fashionable.
（2）What do the underlined words "a niche product"in Paragraph 2 probably mean？　 　
A.A widely used item in daily life.
B.A fashionable item for everyone.
C.A specialized item with limited appeal.
D.A high﹣quality item with a luxury price label.
（3）Which of the following would be the best title for the text？　 　
A.The Future of Backpacks
B.The History of Backpacks
C.Backpacks：A Trendy Item for All Ages
D.Backpacks：From Hiking to High Fashion
（4）From where is the text most likely sourced？　 　
A.A fashion magazine.
B.A travel guidebook.
C.A history textbook.
D.A business report.
3．（2025 黔东南州模拟） Chinese scientists have created starch （淀粉），a type of complex carbohydrate found in plants，using carbon dioxide，hydrogen and electricity.
Experts say if such technique can be scaled﹣up （大规模） to the level of industrialization，it may revolutionize how this key nutrient and industrial ingredient is made，since it does not require farming and processing a large quantity of starchy crops such as sweet potatoes and corn，thus saving more water，fertilizer，and arable land.
It may also be used to recycle carbon dioxide into a consumable product.This will help reduce carbon emissions and fight climate change，especially if the electricity used is from renewable sources like solar and wind.
In space exploration it may provide a sustainable food source for astronauts as they travel long distances in space and try to colonize other planets where growing food is impossible.Future space travelers may simply turn the carbon dioxide they breathe out into food they eat.
Ma Yanhe，the director of the Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，says starch and other complex carbohydrates make up 60 to 80 percent of the human diet.
"Our breakthrough demonstrates that creating a complex compound like starch is achievable in a lab，and there are many industries that can benefit from this technology，" he says.
Plants create carbohydrates like starch through photosynthesis （光合作用），which is an extremely complex process，says Ma，adding that it will take a plant about 60 steps to turn carbon dioxide，water and sunlight into starch.
Cai Tao，one of the first authors of the study，says for six years，his team has been focusing on a single project：how to make starch，but do it at a higher speed.He says their method involves first converting carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas into methanol （甲醇）.Scientists then piece these single﹣carbon molecules like a puzzle into bigger and more complex molecules via enzymatic （酶的） processes.
With the help of supercomputing，Chinese scientists have simplified the natural starch making process from about 60 into 11 steps and produced starch.Thellab﹣made starch is chemically identical to starch in nature.
（1）Which is NOT a potential benefit if the technique can be used on an industrial level？ 　 　
A.It will have a positive influence on climate change.
B.It will help produce renewable resources such as solar and wind.
C.It will offer a practical food solution for astronauts.
D.It will help save several sources from water to farming land.
（2）Which might be the biggest difficulty in creating the lab﹣made starch？ 　 　
A.Making starch faster.
B.Collecting enough raw materials.
C.Repeating the photosynthesis of plants.
D.Involving methanol in the making process.
（3）What's the best title for the passage？ 　 　
A.Starch，an important complex carbohydrate.
B.The great benefits of starch.
C.Chinese scientists successfully turn carbon dioxide into starch.
D Chinese scientists make contributions to climate change.
（4）In which part of a newspaper could you most probably read the text？ 　 　
A.Science.
B.Lifestyle.
C.Environment.
D.Health.
4．（2025 河西区校级模拟）The thing about space is that it's huge—terrifyingly，impossibly huge.It took three days for the Apollo missions to get to the moon.It takes between five months and a year to get to Mars and around five years to get to Jupiter.The nearest star outside the Solar System is Proxima Centauri，which would take the Voyager spacecraft 80，000 years to get to.
We're not really built for space travel.We don't live very long，relatively speaking.Our muscles and skeleton need gravity.We need oxygen，warmth，water and food，but space doesn't have any of these.We're also not good with high doses （剂量） of radiation.In other words，space exploration is an incredibly dangerous venture.
When I was a kid，exploring space was a big deal.The first space mission I remember was Viking II，which landed on Mars.Honestly，I was expecting it to find alien life.Not intelligent life，maybe，but life.Back then I knew with absolute certainty that we were not alone in the universe.It was only a matter of time before we'd pick up radio signals from an alien civilization.I figured that one day in the not﹣too﹣distant future，those aliens would land，and we'd finally get to know our intergalactic （星系间的） neighbors.
When the Space Shuttle program was first announced，I was convinced that the future was on its way.We were reaching outward.Humans were going to explore the universe，meet aliens，live on other worlds，and have adventures.And it was all going to happen in my lifetime.
Of course，none of that has happened.There have been lots of incredible missions including Voyager I and II，New Horizons，and Cassini.None of these missions have involved astronauts，and the future that a lot of us had stamped into our imaginations hasn't happened.But we need to go on exploring.Exploration，knowledge，wonder，imagination—these are the best of what it means to be human.Let's boldly go already.The next giant leap doesn't have to be Mars.It would be incredible to find microbial （微生物的） life somewhere in outer space.
On January 28，1986，I sat in the cafeteria of my high school and watched the Space Shuttle Challenger take off.The teachers at my school had set up TVs so that we could get inspired.Instead，we all watched in horror as the space shuttle blew up.Seven astronauts died.Not one of us thought that we should cancel the Space Shuttle program or cut NASA's budget.If anything，we wanted more.We still do.
（1）What can we know from the first two paragraphs？ 　 　
A．The difficulties of space travel.
B．The main characteristics of space.
C．The limitations of the human body.
D．The location of Earth in the universe.
（2）When the author was a kid，he expected all of the following things on space exploration.except 　 　 .
A．evidence of alien life
B．adventures in outer space
C．knowledge about the origin of life
D．communication with alien civilization
（3）Why do we need to continue the cause of space exploration according to the author？ 　 　
A．Living on other worlds will bring benefits.
B．It involves the best things that make us human.
C．Life existing beyond Earth can satisfy our needs.
D．We will have great fun having adventures inspace.
（4）What message does the author intend to convey through the last paragraph？ 　 　
A．No difficulties would stop us from exploring the universe.
B．We need to encourage more students to explore the unknown.
C．Mankind's journey to space is a dangerous but rewarding one.
D．More efforts should be made to ensure the safety of astronauts.
（5）What is the main theme of this passage？ 　 　
A．The challenges of space travel.
B．The need to continue space exploration.
C．The failed expectations of space exploration.
D．The author's childhood memories of space travel.
5．（2025 苏州模拟） When preparing for a test，most students assume it's best to simply study the material and try to memorize as much of it as possible.Many tests seemingly reward rote （死记硬背） memorization.But what if students trained by testing themselves instead？Usually，studying is considered a safer bet；why risk producing wrong answers when you can just memorize the right one？Yet it turns out making errors early on can be more helpful for remembering information over time.
Cognitive psychologists Henry Roddy Roediger and Jeff Karpicke conducted a study where they had hundreds of students memorize passages from a test﹣preparation book for the Test of English as a Foreign Language （TOEFL）.One group memorized these passages by reading them repeatedly，while another group read the passages several times and then completed three tests.The results were surprising：the students who repeatedly studied the material initially performed better，but when they were tested again a week later，the students who tested themselves recalled over 60% of what they had learned，compared to only 40% for the group who repeatedly studied.
The testing effect has since been confirmed in many studies under a range of conditions.Its value remains undoubted，but scientists are still debating why it has such a powerful effect on memory.The simplest explanation is that testing exposes our weaknesses.When we test our memories，we expose the weaknesses of existing neuronal （神经元的） connections in a way that ultimately strengthens what's useful and removes what's not，making the information we attempt to memorize more lasting and easier to recall.
To maximize the benefits of the testing effect，it's important to return to the same information in shorter sessions over several days instead of cramming （塞进） everything into a single night of intense studying.This allows your brain to consolidate the information and create stronger memories.
In conclusion，testing is not just a tool for assessing your knowledge but also a powerful learning tool.By embracing errors and actively testing yourself，you can improve your learning and memory.So，instead of avoiding mistakes，embrace them as opportunities for growth and mastery.
（1）What do we know about Henry and Jeff's study？ 　 　
A.Self﹣testing works only in tasks of memorizing things.
B.Those who repeatedly studied performed better later.
C.Rote memorization doesn't work well in the long run.
D.The study focused mainly on how to prepare for TOFEL.
（2）What happens to the brain when people test their memories？ 　 　
A.Additional neuronal connections in the brain are created.
B.The brain processes new information at a higher speed.
C.The weak connections between neurons are removed.
D.Weak but useful neuronal connections become stronger.
（3）What is an effective way to study according to paragraph 4？ 　 　
A.Avoiding making the same mistakes in tests.
B.Studying everything intensely on a single night.
C.Reviewing in shorter sessions over several days.
D.Focusing on what is most likely to be on the test.
（4）Which of the following is the best title for the text？ 　 　
A.Cramming for Exams：A Safer Bet for Success.
B.The Testing Effect：Why Practice Makes Perfect.
C.The Power of Testing：An Effective Approach to Learning.
D.The Secret of Learning：How Brains Process Information.
6．（2025 贵阳模拟） Snow's appeal is more than just a fond nostalgia（怀旧） for childhood days away from school.Just a few degrees' difference can turn a depressing rainy day into a magical scene straight out of a snow globe.Of course，snow has its haters，but there are some powerful scientific reasons why many people are enamored by gently falling ice crystals.
Snow can be a powerful reminder of childhood snow days.But there are also plenty of reasons why snow can appeal to people without that fond nostalgia.In fact，says psychologist and writer Kari Leibowitz，snow quite literally alters our physical experience of the world.For example，freshly fallen snow is able to absorb sound well，almost muting the world.
And it plays even more strongly on our sense of sight."There's something about the clean，fresh，white snow that is very aesthetically（美学） pleasing，"says Leibowitz，who has written a book about mental health in winter.One aspect of that visual appeal is the way snow reflects light in the darker months and the brightening effect of the snow is really powerful.
Snow often nudges people into interacting with their surroundings differently as well，Leibowitz says."I think the snow and the ice give us things to engage with in a sensory way that can be very playful and very childlike."
Leibowitz advocates adopting a mindset that embraces changing seasons，which can help people stay open to snow's potential charms."I think，in many places in the U.S，we may mislead ourselves into thinking，"I'm just going to do everything the same and throw on a coat and a hat and call it a day，"she says."We're not adapting enough；we're not changing our behavior enough.And so then all of these things like the cold and the darkness are just a burden."
Leibowitz recommends slowing down in the winter，taking inspiration from the long nights and cold days﹣and argues that snow can be a helpful cue to do so.
（1）What does the underlined word"enamored"in paragraph 1 probably mean？ 　 　
A.Annoyed.
B.Fascinated.
C.Changed.
D.Protected.
（2）Why can snow change people's physical experience of the world？ 　 　
A.It can make the outside world quieter.
B.It can affect people's sight physically.
C.It can arouse people's nostalgic memory.
D.It can produce light to the darker months.
（3）What do Leibowitz's words in paragraph 5 imply？ 　 　
A.People should learn the mindset of Americans.
B.People should lead themselves to enjoy daily life.
C.People should adapt themselves to the changing seasons.
D.People should consider the cold and darkness as a burden.
（4）What can be the best title for the passage？ 　 　
A.The Childlike Joy of Snow
B.Snow：A Nostalgic Delight
C.Exploring Physics in Winter
D.Embracing Winter's Beauty
7．（2025 河西区校级模拟） According to reports，three﹣quarters of all crops around the world depend on pollinating （授粉的） insects like bees and butterflies.By pollinating，pollinators enable the production of seeds.Without them，crop farming can become extremely difficult or costly threatening food supplies and prices globally.
Research has shown a rapid and consistent decline in pollinator populations.Average butterfly populations have almost halved since 1991 and bee populations in particular face a sharp decline.Given the world's growing dependence on these insects，we can only expect the problem to worsen if no action is taken.
Much has been written about how intensive farming practices the use of chemical pesticides （杀虫剂），and pollution are threatening the survival of these helpful insects.To add to the already critical situation，global warming is contributing significantly to the rapid disappearance of pollinators.
Climate change is a major threat to pollinators，with rising temperatures and increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events affecting the food sources and habitats，on which pollinators depend for their survival.
Climate change also changes the timing and availability of lowering plants，leading to mismatches between pollinators and their food sources.A study has found that climate change has shifted plants' blooming to earlier times and caused certain plants to move to higher areas，resulting in a decline in pollination.
Another study has found that climate change could lead to a decline in the quality of nectar，which is the main food source for many pollinators.As temperatures rise，the sugar content of nectar decreases，making it less nutritious for pollinators.This leads to a decline in the health and reproductive success of pollinators，as well as a decline in the pollination of plants.
Needless to say，cutting global emissions （排放量） is key.It's essential that we continue to advocate for emission reductions.From country﹣level to individual businesses，more concrete roadmaps to net zero are a must.
We must at least minimize，if not prevent，the usage of pesticides，since these chemicals are harmful to pollinators and can have a far﹣reaching effect on pollination as a whole.
（1）What does paragraph 1 try to show？ 　 　
A．The influence of crop crises.
B．The importance of pollinators.
C．The serious challenges faced by humans.
D．The increasing difficulty of crop production.
（2）How does the author sound in paragraph 2？ 　 　
A．Curious.
B．Suspicious.
C．Humorous.
D．Anxious.
（3）What do paragraphs 3 —4 mainly talk about？ 　 　
A．Why chemical pesticides are harmful to pollinators.
B．Causes of the decline in pollinator populations.
C．The importance of pollinators to the ecosystem.
D．How climate change has affected pollinators.
（4）What have the two studies found？ 　 　
A．Climate change greatly affects pollination.
B．Pollution seriously threatens pollinators survival.
C．Global warming contributes to the loss of pollinators' habitats.
D．Improper farming practices cause some pollinators to disappear.
（5）What is a suggestion for helping pollinators？ 　 　
A．Starting keeping bees.
B．Reducing pesticide use.
C．Increasing the amount of nectar.
D．Building more habitats for pollinators.
8．（2025 石家庄三模） Scientists have been looking at DNA to store all types of data，not just biological，but also digital.Yet while DNA is a great storage material，it's also quite delicate.Water or heat can damage it easily unless it's given an amber﹣like（似琥珀） coating.That new idea was borrowed from the 1993 movie Jurassic Park，in which scientists cloned dinosaurs from DNA trapped in amber.
DNA is the world's oldest data storage device.The most amazing thing about DNA is that it can potentially be used to store any type of data.Putting information into DNA uses a process called encoding."Your computer stores information in a binary format（二进制），zeroes and ones，"notes Karishma Matange，a computational biologist."Encoding works to change these zeroes and ones into A，C，G and T，the DNA bases that can store information."The order of the bases in DNA is called sequence（序列），which spells out the information it holds.To pull information back out from the DNA，you rewind the process.
Scientists can store DNA for long periods.But it requires freezing temperatures，special equipment and dangerous chemicals，which makes the process costly.James Banal，a scientist in San Carlos，California.and his team came up with a new method T﹣REX.His team uses this method to trap DNA in a material similar to plastic."Plastics are durable."Banal points out.Besides，T﹣REX is a cheap alternative to enclose DNA.
To test it，the team encoded the Jurassic Park theme music and a person's genome into DNA.Then they put the DNA in the glassy plastic.Damp and heat are DNA's biggest threats.But the T﹣REX material keeps damp out.The researchers heated it up to 75° Celsius.Later，they got the DNA by breaking the coating down.The best part Banal says，is that the broken﹣down material can be reused to store DNA again.
Banal and his colleagues want to use the T﹣REX method to preserve genetic data or even safely store biological samples that will be launched into space.And we might one day use it to store the massive amounts of data people generate every day.
（1）How is digital information stored into DNA？ 　 　
A.By turning binary code into DNA bases.
B.By freezing the DNA at low temperatures.
C.By coating the DNA with amber material.
D.By sequencing DNA from ancient samples.
（2）What is the main advantage of the T﹣REX method for DNA storage？ 　 　
A.Breaking DNA down with chemicals.
B.Offering cost﹣effective storage of DNA.
C.Helping DNA survive extreme wetness.
D.Withdrawing whole DNA from dinosaurs.
（3）What will the DNA storage technology be used for in the future？ 　 　
A.Cloning extinct dinosaurs.
B.Reducing global plastic pollution.
C.Preserving diverse samples.
D.Speeding future space exploration.
（4）What's the main idea of the text？ 　 　
A.A breakthrough in DNA data storage technology.
B.How digital technology advances DNA analysis.
C.The biological applications of DNA repairing system.
D.How Jurassic Park inspired DNA preservation research.
9．（2025 广州模拟） Wild chimpanzees seem to learn skills from each other and then﹣much as humans do﹣improve on those techniques from one generation to the next.
In particular，young females that migrate（迁徙） between groups bring their cultural knowledge with them，and groups can combine new techniques with existing ones to get better at searching for food.Such "cumulative culture"means some chimpanzee communities are becoming more technologically advanced﹣although very，very slowly."If chimpanzees have some cultural knowledge that the community they're moving into doesn't have，they may pass it on﹣just in the same way we pass on the genes（基因），"says Andrew Whiten at the University of St Andrews."And then that culture builds up.
Scientists knew chimpanzees used tools and passed on the knowledge，but their lack of significant innovation compared to humans puzzled researchers.Cassandra Gunasekaram at the University of Zurich suspected she might be able to apply genetic analysis to the puzzle.To see if young females bring their skill sets into their new groups，she and her colleagues looked at data previously collected by other research groups at 35 study sites in Africa and included information about what tools，if any，each animal used，as well as their genetic connections over the past 15，000 years."The genetics give us a kind of time machine into the way culture has been transmitted（传播） across chimpanzees，"says Whiten.
Some chimpanzees used complex tools，for example a drilling stick and a fishing brush for hunting.The researchers found the chimpanzees with the most advanced tool sets were three to five times more likely to share the same DNA as those that used simple tools or no tools at all，even though they might live thousands of kilometres away.And advanced tool use was also more strongly associated with female migration compared with simple or no tool use.
（1）Which best describes"cumulative culture"in paragraph 2？ 　 　
A.The immediate adoption of advanced tools for food.
B.The gradual build﹣up of cultural knowledge over time.
C.The independent invention of tools without prior skills.
D.The preservation of cultural knowledge for generations.
（2）How did Gunasekaram's team conduct their research？ 　 　
A.By observing chimpanzees at 35 study sites.
B.By analyzing existing data on chimpanzees.
C.By comparing chimpanzees in terms of their tool use.
D.By investigating genetic connections of chimpanzees.
（3）What led to chimpanzees' use of complex tools？ 　 　
A.Human influences.
B.Food﹣hunting strategy.
C.Social competition.
D.Cross﹣group interactions.
（4）What does the text mainly talk about？ 　 　
A.The learning gaps between chimpanzees and humans.
B.The environmental impact on chimpanzees' behaviors.
C.The genetic diversity of chimpanzees in the wilderness.
D.The role of female chimpanzees in cultural transmission.
10．（2025 和平区校级一模） Most taxi drivers need a smartphone to get to their destinations.But sharks，it seems，need nothing more than their own bodies﹣and Earth's magnetic（磁的）field.A new study suggests some sharks can read Earth's field like a map and use it to travel long distances with accuracy.
Since the 1970s，researchers have suspected that some fish can detect magnetic fields.But no one had shown that sharks use the fields to find their location or navigate（导航），partly because the animals aren't so easy to work with.It's one thing if you have a small fish，or a baby sea turtle，but when you work with sharks，you have to upscale everything.
Bryan Keller，an ecologist at Florida State University，and his colleagues decided to do just that.They lined a bedroom﹣size cage with wire and placed a small swimming pool in the center of the cage.By running an electrical current through the wiring，they could generate a custom magnetic field in the center of the pool.The team then collected 20 young bonnet﹣head sharks﹣a species known to migrate hundreds of kilometers﹣off the Florida coast.They placed the sharks into the pool，one at a time，and let them swim freely under three different magnetic fields，applied in random succession.One field mimicked（模仿） Earth's natural field at the spot where the sharks were collected，while the others mimicked the fields at locations 600 kilometers north and 600 kilometers south of their homes.
They used software to track the sharks' responses，observing which direction in the tank they were trying to swim towards.When the young sharks were exposed to the magnetic field of the place they were captured，or "home'，they stayed put.But when subjected to the southern magnetic field，the sharks persistently changed their headings to swim north，as if trying to get back home.This suggests that the sharks were using the magnetic field to guide them，similar to how humans use GPS.
Surprisingly，the researchers found that the sharks didn't favor any direction when swimming under the northern field.Keller says this might be because they don't go north of their home location since there is only land there，and so they rarely have to find their way back south again."This could support the theory that their ability to go back home is a learned behavior，"he says.They might not know what to do in the northern field because "they've never been up there."says Keller.
Keller's research adds a significant piece to the still﹣incomplete puzzle of shark biology.Sharks have been declining at an alarming rate due to mostly overfishing and habitat change.Studying the life cycles and migration patterns of sharks can help us understand what areas to protect when managing marine spaces.
（1）The comparison between taxi drivers and sharks in the first paragraph serves to 　 　 .
A.highlight the simplicity of sharks' navigation ability
B.criticize the dependence of human beings on technology
C.introduce the topic with a familiar everyday situation
D.claim sharks' abilities surpass human inventions
（2）Why is it difficult for researchers to prove that sharks can read Earth's magnetic field？ 　 　
A.Because it's too hard to follow and observe sharks in nature.
B.Because sharks are fierce and unfriendly to human beings.
C.Because sharks are difficult to study in a laboratory setting.
D.Because most sharks are on the list of endangered species.
（3）According to Keller，what might be the reason why sharks don't favor any direction when swimming under the northern magnetic field？ 　 　
A.They don't like the climate in the north.
B.They've never been to the north of their home before.
C.They learned to do so when they were young.
D.The northern magnetic field was not strong enough.
（4）From the passage，we can infer that Keller's research is significant because it 　 　 .
A.provides a new approach to studying sharks in the ocean.
B.supports the idea that sharks' migration patterns are random.
C.adds crucial information to our understanding of shark biology.
D.suggests that sharks should be protected from overfishing.
（5）What is the main idea of the passage？ 　 　
A.Sharks use Earth's magnetic field to find their way on seas.
B.Researchers discovered a new way to study sharks in labs.
C.Shark populations are declining due to habitat change.
D.Sharks have a learned behavior of returning to their home.
11．（2025 广州模拟） If you yawn （打哈欠） more and pretend to be interested often，researchers may have an explanation：a global rise in boredom.Boredom has risen significantly over the past 15 years，a new paper suggests.It also proposes a possible cause：the growing use of social media.
"Technology has driven us into an age of constant digital engagement.With endless rewarding stimulation a fingertip away，however，people are becoming increasingly bored，" the authors wrote in Communications Psychology.
One cited experiment tracked over 100，000 American adolescents for nearly a decade，finding a modest but significant rise in boredom from 2011，measured on a five﹣point scale.Another study of over 28，000 Chinese students showed a 14% increase in boredom between 2009 and 2020，based on the Boredom Proneness Scale.
How these results are interpreted is open to debate.James Danckert，a professor of cognitive neuroscience，thinks it reasonable that boredom is on the rise and social media may play a part. "The function of boredom，however，is to push you into action，" Danckert argues.He believes the key lies in taking part in unpredictable，meaningful events where you must make active choices. Impromptu conversations with somebody can fill these requirements.
Danckert doubts social media ticks the same boxes. "When you start scrolling （滑动） on your phone，a ton of what you're going to see there is highly predictable，" he said.The more predictable our world becomes，the less meaningful it is and the more boring it becomes.
Professor Andreas Elpidorou，an expert in the field of boredom studies，agrees.Digital media may "force us into a continuous engagement with a content that is interesting enough to entertain but not meaningful enough to fulfil，" he said.However，he suspected it was not the only factor，adding， "I worry this is too convenient an explanation.I'm not saying it isn't true，but I worry it may only be partially true."
（1）Why does the author mention the quote in paragraph 2？ 　 　
A．To support the finding of a new paper.
B．To review the benefits of digital engagement.
C．To provide solutions to overcoming boredom.
D．To highlight the suggestions given by researchers.
（2）What do the two studies mentioned in paragraph 3 focus on？ 　 　
A．The increase in boredom levels.
B．The historical trend of boredom.
C．The effect of boredom on human behavior.
D．The link between boredom and technology.
（3）What does the underlined word "impromptu" mean in paragraph 4？ 　 　
A．Structured.
B．Informal.
C．Detailed.
D．Unprepared.
（4）What is Elpidorou's attitude towards the results of boredom research？ 　 　
A．Appreciative.
B．Objective.
C．Tolerant.
D．Dismissive.
12．（2025 广州模拟） When Leonardo da Vinci wasn't painting masterpieces or dreaming up flying machines，he was exploring the secrets of gravity.Considering himself a scientist and artist，this Renaissance thinker spent untold hours studying how the "attraction of one object to another" affected phenomena like the flight of birds and the fall of water.
Recent research published in the journal Leonardo reveals that da Vinci conducted detailed gravity experiments over a century before Galileo and two centuries prior to Newton. "His thinking was far ahead of his time，" said co﹣author Dr.Morteza Gharib.The study highlights Leonardo's determination to find the law governing the dynamics of falling objects.
Dr.Gharib said he discovered the experiments while examining an online version of The Codex Arundel，a collection of Leonardo's notes from 1478 to 1518.Among its mirror﹣written texts，a drawing on Page 143 caught his eye：a triangle （三角） formed by circles pouring from a pot.He used a computer program to flip （翻转） the triangle and the nearby backward writing.Suddenly，the image came to life. "I could see motion，" Dr.Gharib recalled. "I could see him pouring stuff out." It was a eureka moment that revealed Leonardo's forward﹣looking experiment.
Gazing at Leonardo's drawing，Dr.Gharib realized that the artist had separated gravity's effects into two components，revealing a normally hidden aspect of nature.Inspired by hail falling from fast﹣moving clouds，Leonardo demonstrated through his drawing how gravity's constant force causes a steady speed gain —shown by the increasing gaps between falling objects as the pot moves.
Despite his basic experimental setup 500 years ago，da Vinci calculated the gravitational constant to an accuracy within 10 percent of the modern value. "It's mind﹣boggling，" Dr.Gharib said. "That's the beauty of what Leonardo does."
However，Dr.Gharib hesitated to examine the Codex further. "I'm like a kid in a toy store，afraid to even look at it，" he said.He noted that while art historians had studied it，scientists had not. "It's an open book with so much to discover."
（1）What is the main purpose of the text？ 　 　
A.To report da Vinci's unknown research.
B.To compare da Vinci with other scientists.
C.To prove da Vinci's artist and scientist role.
D.To show a way of analyzing da Vinci's notes.
（2）What does the underlined phrase "a eureka moment" in paragraph 3 refer to？ 　 　
A.Finding da Vinci's secret drawings.
B.Detecting the need of mirror﹣writing.
C.Discovering the power of technology.
D.Realizing the triangle's scientific meaning.
（3）What is special about da Vinci's experiments？ 　 　
A.They were the first to explore the law of gravity.
B.They achieved high﹣level accuracy with simple tools.
C.They focused on the beauty of falling objects' motion.
D.They integrated artistic strategy with scientific method.
（4）What can we know about The Codex from Dr.Gharib's words？ 　 　
A.It contains unexplored scientific insights.
B.Historians misunderstood its real purpose.
C.Its artwork hasn't been properly analyzed.
D.New tools are required to reveal its secrets.
13．（2025春 北辰区校级期中）In 1999，Google hired its 53rd employee called Charlie Ayers.This employee was unique.He didn't develop software，nor did he have business knowledge.In fact，he just worked for a famous band.But Charlie won a cooking competition held by the company.Then，he became the company's chef.He would help Google feed its employees.Since then，Google's policy of free snacks has been copied.
This policy may make sense for some companies since employees don't need to travel far to eat.The companies think it can also improve traffic during lunch hour.But firms' free﹣snack policy has been attacked by politicians.They believe it extremely reduces the number of customers of local restaurants，which causes many of them to break down and eventually harms the relevant industry.So，officials are preventing Facebook opening a canteen at its new campus.
There have been many theories explaining what motivate firms to provide free snacks.Some argue it's a firm's dirty trick to keep workers working for longer hours.Others argue it's about helping the firm attract talents.Still others say rich firms are just generous and that their generosity，in turn，makes their workers happier and more productive.All of these may contribute to the firms' free snacks.
Google says its food system is about promoting teamwork and.creativity.The idea is that it provides chances to bond and exchange ideas when employees randomly meet and eat together.This，they believe，encourages creativity.While free snacks might increase the amount of time employees spend in the office，the theory that it increases creativity lacks evidence.Actually，evidence suggests unlimited candy and chips in the break room will affect people's cognitive performance，which might eventually prevent workers from thinking intelligently.It's no wonder that some.Google's competitors rejected the food policy.
If companies want workers to exchange ideas，regular meals can make it.A better food system for companies is one where workers would be given a credit card for food purchases.Some colleges have a similar food system，which offers discount to fruits and vegetables and places an extra cost on junk food—junk food，after all could end up increasing the company's health insurance bills.
There's no such thing as a free lunch.The same is true for snacks.
（1）Why does the author mention Charlie Ayers in Paragraph 1？ 　 　
A．To offer the background of the text.
B．To introduce the topic of the passage.
C．To expand understanding of the topic.
D．To show the structure of the passage.
（2）What do politicians think of firms' free﹣snack policy？ 　 　
A．It does increase the employees' creativity.
B．It's beneficial to local transportation.
C．It strengthens the unity of the firms' employees.
D．It brings negative effect on local restaurants.
（3）What's Paragraph 3 mainly about？ 　 　
A．The possible causes of some firms' free﹣snack policy.
B．The importance of the free snack policy.
C．The benefits of free﹣snack policy to workers.
D．The oppositions to the free snack policy.
（4）Why do some companies decline the free snack policy？ 　 　
A．They are unaware of its positive influence.
B．They consider it a big financial burden.
C．They think it weakens employees' creativity.
D．They find it unattractive to many employees.
（5）Which of the following will the author agree with？ 　 　
A．Companies should increase their insurance bills on workers.
B．Colleges' food systems tend to be superior to companies'.
C．A good food system can give discounts to any food.
D．Free snacks are unnecessary in the companies.
14．（2025 芜湖模拟） We know where this is going...and it's great.
Cassian Andor is back for a second and final season，fomenting Rebellion and inching closer to the seasoned operative we first met in 2016' s Rogue One.But as good as the first season was，having the title character' s endpoint firmly in sight is the exact reason why Andor is even better in the second season.
Now，Star Wars is no stranger to preques（前传） ，and I believe the difference between a goodStar War and a bad one has been how well it handles being a prequel.As the prequel series to a prequel movie，this was always the challenge with Andor as a series，but the writers handled it to an absolute master class.This season creates a really engaging story around characters whose fates have already played out on screen，and the writers use that fact to their advantage.Because we know that most of these people are doomed（在劫难逃的），focusing on just the nuts and bolts（螺母和螺栓） of their story is the biggest mistake Andor' s creators could have made.The show，of course，does that too—but first and foremost，And or is about what it's like to be doomed and continuing to fight anyway.
The season sharpens its predecessor' s strengths，grounding the Rebellion' s birth in intimate，personal stakes.Every character embodies the cost of defiance against the Empire's cruel rule.The12﹣episode structure adopts deliberate time jumps，compressing years into episodic arcs（叙事线）that highlight profound shifts.We see things happen to characters one week，then the following week，we' ll see how those things have subtly （不易察觉地） changed those characters over the course of an entire year.And Cassian' s transformation from a petty thief to a leader unfolds through substantial leaps rather than gradual growth.
However，the closer Andor gets to its final destination，the more season 2 loses me just a little bit.Late episodes prioritize franchise connectivity over organic character conclusions，with some moments feeling like checklist entries for Rogue One setup rather than earned resolutions.This tension，deep﹣rooted in prequels，slightly weakens the finale's impact，as Cassian's arc effectively becomes"Season 3"within the film itself.But more than that，I just really liked this story and these people.At some point，you just have to manage that.
Season 2 of Andor builds on nearly everything that worked so well about season 1，and continues fleshing out the prequel era of Star Wars.Ultimately，the tale of the unsung heroes of the Rebellion，Andor season 2，creates very personal stories at the heart of a much larger struggle，making it the most engaging the Star Wars franchise has been in a long time.
（1）What makes Andor Season 2 a hit？ 　 　
A.It leaves lots of suspense for the ending of the characters.
B.It transcends only focusing on the details of the characters' story.
C.It is the prequel series to a successful prequel movie.
D.It uses a linear narrative approach to tell the story.
（2）What is Cassian's role in Rogue One？ 　 　
A.The emperor.
B.A thief.
C.A loser.
D.A leader.
（3）According to the table below，how many points will the author give to And or Season 2？ 　 　
A.10
B.9
C.7
D.6
Score 10 9 8 7 6
criticism masterpiece amazing great good okay
（4）Where is this article probably taken from？ 　 　
A.A media review website.
B.A movie﹣watching website.
C.A cinema's website.
D.A movie recommendation website.
15．（2025 浑南区校级模拟）
The Screen Time Dilemma：How Much Is Too Much for Kids？
When my 8﹣year﹣old son begged for a smartphone，I hesitated.I remembered my own childhood—endless hours climbing trees，reading books，and building sandcastles.Today's kids，however，seem glued to screens.While technology offers educational benefits，I worried：Could excessive screen time harm his creativity or social skills？My concern deepened when his teacher mentioned his declining attention span in class.
Dr.Elena Rodriguez，a child development expert，argues that the key lies in balance. "Screens aren't inherently（内在地）bad，" she says. "The problem arises when screen time replaces physical play，face﹣to﹣face interactions，or sleep." She recommends the "3﹣6﹣9 Rule"：no screens during meals （3 feet from the table），6 outdoor activities weekly，and 9 hours of sleep nightly.This structured approach，she claims，helps children develop holistically without demonizing （将...妖魔化）technology.
However，enforcing such rules isn't easy.Many apps are designed to be addictive，with bright colors and instant rewards.A 2024 study by Stanford University revealed that children under 12 spend an average of 4.5 hours daily on screens，often multitasking between games and videos. "It's like mental junk food，" says Rodriguez. "They consume it mindlessly but gain little nourishment."
To test this，I implemented the 3﹣6﹣9 Rule.Initially，my son resisted，but within weeks，he began sketching again and initiated board games with his sister.Surprisingly，he even asked， "Can we hike this weekend instead of watching cartoons？" This shift made me realize：Children adapt when given clear boundaries—and alternatives.
Rodriguez concludes， "Technology is a tool，not a babysitter.Parents must model balanced behavior themselves." Her words struck a chord.I now leave my phone in another room during family time，and our evenings are filled with laughter，not screens.
（1）What can be inferred about the author's initial attitude toward screen time？ 　 　
A.The author was completely against any screen time for children.
B.The author believed screen time had no negative effects on children.
C.The author was cautiously open to screen time but concerned about its potential harms.
D.The author viewed screen time as extremely harmful.
（2）What does the "3﹣6﹣9 Rule" emphasize according to Dr.Rodriguez？ 　 　
A.Structured boundaries for screen use.
B.Complete elimination of screens.
C.Prioritizing educational apps.
D.Extending outdoor activities to daily.
（3）What does the phrase "mental junk food" imply about screen content？ 　 　
A.It is nutritious but boring.
B.It is addictive but fulfilling.
C.It is entertaining yet meaningless.
D.It is educational yet complex.
（4）What is the main message of the text？ 　 　
A.Balanced screen time requires parental guidance and structured alternatives.
B.Technology should be banned for children under 12.
C.Outdoor activities are more valuable than screen time.
D.Schools must regulate students' device usage.
16．（2025 浑南区校级模拟） A recent study has shown that wearing masks for 4 hours causes small but safe physical changes in overweight operating room staff.
The researchers tested 20 obese medical workers （with a Body Mass Index，or BMI，of 30 or more）.These workers used both surgical masks and N95 masks.The results showed that N95 masks caused a small increase in blood carbon dioxide levels.It went up by 3.3 mmHg，while surgical masks only made it rise by 1.9 mmHg.Also，the breathing rates went up a little.On average，using N95 masks led to 2.7 more breaths per minute，compared to 2.1 more breaths per minute with surgical masks.People who wore N95 masks said they felt more uncomfortable.They rated their breathing difficulty as 2.8 on a scale of 0 ﹣﹣ 10，while those wearing surgical masks rated it as 1.3.But all these changes were still within safe limits.
The research included nurses and anesthesiologists from a Chinese hospital.The participants wore each type of mask for 4 hours on different days，with a 24﹣hour break between the tests.Scientists carefully measured blood gases，breathing rates，and heart activity before and after their shifts.They used a 0 ﹣﹣ 10 discomfort scale to record problems like headaches and hard breathing.To make it fair，the order of wearing the masks was chosen randomly，and the staff did similar tasks during both tests.
Based on these findings，experts have the following suggestions：Even though N95 masks may cause a little discomfort，they should still be used in high﹣risk areas because they offer better protection.We must follow the existing rules and replace masks every 4 hours.To feel better，you can take short breaks from wearing the mask when it's safe，adjust the straps，and drink enough water.Hospitals should focus on providing training on how to fit masks properly to reduce ear or face pain.
In short，the study shows that although masks cause some changes that can be measured，these changes don't put overweight medical workers at health risk during the normal 4﹣hour work shifts.
（1）What was the main finding about N95 masks in the study？ 　 　
A.They caused dangerous oxygen level drops.
B.They raised blood carbon dioxide slightly more than surgical masks.
C.They increased heart rates significantly.
D.They were preferred by most hospital workers.
（2）Why did researchers randomize the order of mask use？ 　 　
A.To reduce participants' physical discomfort.
B.To simplify data collection processes.
C.To match hospital shift schedules.
D.To compare mask types fairly.
（3）Which suggestion is NOT supported by the study findings？ 　 　
A.Taking brief mask breaks when possible.
B.Replacing masks every 2 hours.
C.Adjusting mask straps for better fit.
D.Using N95 masks in high﹣risk areas.
（4）What is the study's primary conclusion？ 　 　
A.Mask﹣related physical changes are safe within 4 hours.
B.N95 masks should be banned for obese workers.
C.Surgical masks offer equal protection to N95 masks.
D.All hospitals must redesign mask training programs.
17．（2025 合肥三模） Each year，an estimated 53，000 tourists visit Antarctica，and they could each be unintentionally contributing to the melting of 83 tonnes of snow，according to a new study published in Nature Communications.
The culprit is black carbon，created when fossil（化石） fuels and biomass are burnt.Black carbon settles on the snow，causing it to darken in colour.This increases the absorption of heat from the sun and quickens melting.
Due to its remoteness，Antarctica has a low background level of black﹣carbon pollution compared to other parts of the world.However，the new study indicates that black carbon from Antarctic tourism and research activities has nevertheless had a notable effect on the icy landscape.
The international research team measured black carbon concentrations in snow collected from 28 sites along a 2000﹣kilometre stretch of the northern Antarctic Peninsula.The researchers found that black carbon levels were higher near research facilities and landing sites for tourist ships than at more remote regions of the peninsula.
The study estimates that，in heavily impacted areas，black carbon pollution is causing snowpack to decrease by up to 23 millimetres each year.Altogether，an estimated 4.4 megatonnes per year of snow is melting more quickly in the summer due to the impacts of black carbon from tourism alone﹣translating to 83 tonnes per visitor.Although these figures are striking，the real impact could be more complex than the data suggest.
"It is likely that local emissions（排放） account for most of the black carbon content in samples collected around research facilities and popular shore tourist﹣landing sites，the paper states.
Ships，aeroplanes，helicopters，generators and trucks are known sources of black carbon that can settle on snow.The study authors suggest that tourist cruises（巡航） and fuel﹣powered equipment at scientific research stations are likely the largest sources of black﹣carbon pollution in the study area.That's despite efforts in recent years to reduce the environmental footprint of Antarctic tourism，such as switching to marine diesel（船用柴油） or deep cycle battery power.
"Our results show that more remains to be done to reduce the impacts of tourism and ships in Antarctica，"the authors write.
（1）What does the underlined word"culprit"in paragraph 2 mean？　 　
A.Main cause.
B.Harmful gas.
C.Useful energy.
D.Unexpected result.
（2）How is black carbon produced in Antarctica？　 　
A.From winds blowing in foreign dust.
B.From volcanic activities under the ice.
C.From natural changes in temperature.
D.From fuel use in tourism and research.
（3）What do the figures in paragraph 5 most likely imply？　 　
A.They exactly show each visitor's carbon footprint.
B.The impact of human activity may be underestimated.
C.They suggest that Antarctica tourism should be banned.
D.The data may overstate the snowpack melting problem.
（4）What do the authors think of current environmental efforts in Antarctica？　 　
A.They still show limited effect.
B.They paint a rosy picture.
C.They are a drop in the bucket.
D.They boost Antarctica tourism.
18．（2025 凉山州模拟） Look around during rush hour and you might spot many young people，especially girls，with their phones attached to colorful straps（挂带） and hanging across their bodies.Lately，phone straps have taken off as a trend，popping up in young people's daily outfit videos on social media platforms.
The rise of this trend is due to practicality，as mobile phones have become an important part of daily life.Having your phone attached to a strap offers a convenient way to free your hands for other tasks.Moreover，phone straps provide a feeling of safety by keeping phones within easy reach at all times.The ability to keep a phone close to the body and have both hands free can help give users greater peace of mind，especially in crowded public settings.
Despite the benefits of phone straps，journalist Ellie Muir recently argued in an article that，rather than being driven by our attachment to phones，the trend is"just a way to distract women from noticing the lack of pockets on their clothes".In Muir's view，"women's clothes have rarely been designed for practicality."They often have no pockets or feature pockets that are too small to hold a phone.
Sharing Muir's opinion，design expert Hannah Carlson believes that women's fashion is designed for beauty while menswear is made to be functional.This reflects "old ideas about women's place and about the more limited social and economic contributions they are expected to make."Many designers avoided sewing pockets into women's clothes to preserve the line of a dress.By contrast，pockets are considered "a part of doing business in men's wear，"Carlson added.
Since women still needed to carry essentials，the lack of pockets in their clothes led to the rise of the handbag industry.According to Muir，"the phone strap is another accessory（配饰） to get the benefits of women's lack of pockets."While it may help go hands﹣free and add a layer of protection，there's an often﹣overlooked and far more cost ﹣effective solution：clothes with deep functional pockets.
（1）What makes phone straps more and more popular？ 　 　
A.The high quality.
B.The feeling of convenience and security.
C.The fashionable design.
D.The cost﹣effective price.
（2）What does Ellie Muir think about the phone strap trend？ 　 　
A.It will become more fashionable.
B.It is a nice solution to the lack of pockets.
C.It highlights women's higher status.
D.It reflects the downside of women's clothing.
（3）What is Hannah Carlson's attitude to the design of women's clothing？ 　 　
A.Neutral.
B.Critical.
C.Supportive.
D.Doubtful.
（4）Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text？ 　 　
A.Still Without Pockets
B.A New Fashion Trend
C.Meeting a Big Challenge
D.Women's Clothing Design
19．（2025 临沂模拟） Regenerative （再生的） design is not a new idea，but it has remained a less common approach compared to the wide spread of sustainable development.Found in many cultures，the modern concept of regenerative design is gaining attention.It offers a way to move from net﹣zero to net﹣positive urban growth，where cities actively restore and enhance the environment.
The "do no harm" approach is no longer enough and hasn't been for some time.What's more，the ongoing decline of the environment is compounded by multiple crises：widening inequality，social isolation，community displacements，to name a few.We are in the midst of a multi﹣crisis that requires a powerful systems approach to locally driven regenerative urbanism.
A typical example of regenerative urbanism in action can be seen in Calgary，the largest city in Alberta，Canada.Our work there focused on the University District，a former thinly populated area located on the edge of the University of Calgary campus.Through a comprehensive master planning process，this area was transformed into a diverse and walking﹣friendly community ﹣ the first plan of its scale to achieve LEED﹣ND Platinum certification in Canada，an influential award for sustainable urban design.Notably，the University District development stopped decades of spread of suburban，creating a new "heart" in the city's northwest area.It also gathered enough people to support public transport，cultural facilities，and local economic growth.
The multi﹣crises we face in the 21st century are strikingly similar to the challenges that historical figures once tackled.For instance，during the cholera outbreaks in London between 1846 and 1860，British physician John Snow mapped out the city's infrastructure （基础设施） and studied its impact on public health.His groundbreaking work led to the establishment of a new model in urban planning.
Learning from history，it's evident that comprehensive approaches are crucial for addressing rapid urbanization，ecological issues，and social inequality.Regenerative urbanism focuses on the long﹣term health of ecosystems and communities，promoting resilient （有复原力的） and sustainable cities for future generations.
（1）How does regenerative design differ from the sustainable development？ 　 　
A.It strictly follows traditional cultural concepts.
B.It relies on simple solutions to complex crises.
C.It aims at net﹣positive urban environmental growth.
D.It focuses mainly on long﹣term ecological balance.
（2）What is the significance of the University District project in Calgary？ 　 　
A.It marks a failure in sustainable urban design.
B.It shows the limitation of regenerative urbanism.
C.It indicates the necessity of suburban expansion.
D.It proves the practical value of regenerative design.
（3）What can we learn from John Snow's case in London？ 　 　
A.His research had much influence on social equality.
B.Modern multi﹣crises are simpler than past problems.
C.Historical crises may result in urban planning innovations.
D.Cholera outbreaks had been controlled in the 19th century.
（4）Which is the most suitable title for the text？ 　 　
A.The Essence of "Do No Harm" Approach.
B.The Advantages of Sustainable Development
C.The Historical Roots of Regenerative Urbanism.
D.The Solution of Regenerative Urbanism to Crises.
20．（2025 东营二模） On the surface，it may not appear that Dr.Dolittle and artificial intelligence （ AI ） have much in common.One belongs in 1900s children's literature，while the other is firmly rooted in the 21st century.One is a physician turned vet （兽医） who can talk to animals，and the other a computerized technology that cannot.But the dream of speaking with animals may not be so fantastical anymore.
AI has already given us the ability to bark instructions at robots ﹣ could its potential be extended to the animal kingdom？Could it help us understand the natural world and maybe one day allow us to "talk" to animals？
The first difficulty in "translating" animal communication is understanding what that communication looks like.Human language is made up of verbal （口头的） and non﹣verbal cues，and animal communication is no different.Dogs wag their tails，for example，to convey a range of emotions.However，there is some debate as to whether this can be considered a "language".According to Dr.Herzing，Research Director，Wild Dolphin Project，AI could help put it to bed.
"We currently don't know if animals have a language，" Herzing said. "But AI can help us look for language﹣like structures which might suggest animals have parts of a language. "
Scientists have been collecting sounds，calls and various animal vocalizations （发声） for decades.Research has shown that animal vocalizations carry many types of information from their identity to external objects.The hope is that AI models being developed can work like what ChatGPT does for human input，and turn those vocalizations into something more recognizable to humans.
With a better understanding of the animals around us，can we still justify practices that slaughter （屠宰） them？This could have far﹣reaching influences，including for the treatment of animals in entertainment，research and agriculture.From a human perspective，there is also a lot we could learn，not just about ourselves but about animals and，maybe，other life forms.
（1）Why does the author mention Dr.Dolittle in paragraph 1？ 　 　
A.To present a classic figure.
B.To highlight literary﹣real gap.
C.To inspire animal talk fantasy.
D.To indicate tech realizes fairytale.
（2）What does "put it to bed" underlined in paragraph 3 refer to？ 　 　
A.Solve the problem.
B.Suspend the research.
C.Continue the discussion.
D.Reconsider the definition.
（3）What are AI models expected to do？ 　 　
A.Interpret human language patterns.
B.Assess the general state of animals.
C.Make animal voices understandable.
D.Record major events in the natural world.
（4）What will a better understanding of the animals lead to？ 　 　
A.A new life form exploration.
B.The better animal welfare.
C.A deeper reflection on humans.
D.The advanced slaughter technology.
高考英语一轮复习 说明文阅读理解
参考答案与试题解析
一．阅读理解（共20小题）
1．（2025 浙江模拟） The idea that night owls who don't go to bed until the early hours struggle to get anything done during the day may have to be revised.It turns out that staying up late could be good for our brain power as research suggests that people who identify as night owls could be sharper than those who go to bed early.
Researchers led by academics at Imperial College London studied data from the UK Biobank study on more than 26，000 people who had completed intelligence，reasoning，reaction time and memory tests.They then examined how participants' sleep duration，quality，and chronotype affected brain performance.They found that those who stay up late and those classed as "intermediate"had"superior cognitive function"，while morning larks had the lowest scores.Going to bed late is strongly associated with creative types.Artists，authors and musicians known to be night owls include James Joyce and Lady Gaga.
But while politicians like Barack Obama famously seemed to thrive on little sleep，the study found that sleep duration is important for brain function，with those getting between seven and nine hours of shut﹣eye each night performing best in cognitive tests.Prof Daqing Ma，the co﹣leader of the study，added，"We found that sleep duration has a direct effect on brain function，and we believe that actively managing sleep patterns is really important for boosting and safeguarding the way our brains work.We'd ideally like to see policy interventions to