高中英语语法精练（2）— 宾语从句（练习版）
I. 语法填空
第一组：基础练习
The research team is debating __________ they should adjust the experimental parameters to obtain more accurate data for the environmental protection project.
The headmaster clearly stated at the meeting that our school ______________ with a renowned international institution to launch a student exchange program next semester.
Could you please inform me __________the deadline for submitting applications for the national English innovation competition is
The professor suggested that all students __________ in the academic seminar to broaden their horizons and exchange research ideas.
We still haven’t figured out __________ measures the local government will take to alleviate traffic congestion during the peak hours of the tourism season.
The tour guide reminded us __________ we must keep quiet when visiting the ancient cultural relics to avoid causing any damage.
The company’s manager is considering __________ it is feasible to invest a large sum of money in developing new energy - saving technologies.
I wonder __________ the young inventor managed to create such a practical device with limited resources and simple tools.
The teacher emphasized that every student __________ basic computer skills to adapt to the rapidly developing digital society.
The villagers are eager to know __________ the new highway construction project will start as scheduled next month.
The scientist couldn’t confirm __________ had made the important discovery in the field of quantum physics before his team.
The coach told the athletes __________ they had to practice harder than ever before if they wanted to win the upcoming national sports meeting.
We need to discuss __________ of the two proposed plans for the school library renovation is more in line with the students’ actual needs.
The doctor advised the patient __________ he (should) give up smoking and drinking to improve his physical health as soon as possible.
The journalist asked the famous writer __________ inspired her to create the vivid characters and fascinating plots in her latest novel.
The committee hasn’t decided __________ to hold the international conference on artificial intelligence, which is of great significance to the industry.
The monitor promised __________ he would help his classmates solve the difficult math problems after class every day.
I can’t understand __________ some people are still willing to use disposable plastic products despite the fact that they are harmful to the environment.
The expert proposed __________ the government (should) formulate more policies to protect the endangered wildlife in the remote mountainous areas.
The students are curious about __________ the ancient Egyptians built the magnificent pyramids without the help of modern construction equipment.
The manager asked the employees __________ they had any suggestions on improving the company’s working efficiency and product quality.
The history teacher told us __________ the Great Wall of China was built over a long period of time and played an important role in defending the country in ancient times.
We are not sure __________ kind of impact the new educational reform will have on the teaching methods of high schools across the country.
The engineer explained __________ the new intelligent transportation system works to reduce the number of traffic accidents on the highway.
The organizer of the charity event asked the volunteers __________ they (should) arrive at the venue an hour in advance to make relevant preparations.
I don’t know __________ will be in charge of organizing the school’s 70th anniversary celebration, which is going to be a grand event.
The professor told his students __________ practice is the key to mastering a foreign language, and they should speak and write as much as possible.
The parents are worried about __________ their children can adapt to the new learning environment after transferring to a new school.
The team leader discussed with his members __________ steps they should take to complete the challenging project on time and with high quality.
The tour operator informed the tourists __________ the itinerary might be changed due to the unexpected bad weather conditions.
第二组：进阶练习
The committee members are engaging in heated debates regarding __________ they should give approval to the newly formulated policy, which is designed to promote the sustainable development of renewable energy sources in the region and has sparked widespread public concern.
The world-renowned architect delivered a detailed explanation to the students on __________ he had designed the museum with a unique architectural style, which not only stands out as a landmark of the city but also reflects the integration of modern art and local cultural heritage.
The manager was caught in a dilemma when deciding __________ of the two candidates, both of whom possess exceptional professional qualifications and rich work experience in the field of marketing, to hire for the position of marketing director.
The English teacher recommended that her students __________ at least five classic English literary works during the summer vacation, in order to enhance their literary appreciation and critical thinking abilities, which are essential for their senior high English learning.
The local power supply company needs to conduct a thorough investigation to find out __________ led to the sudden power failure in the downtown area last night—a disruption that affected thousands of residents and caused significant losses to local businesses.
The senior scientist asked his assistant, who had been responsible for data collection, __________ he had completed the comprehensive analysis of the data gathered from the field experiment conducted last week.
The government officials are holding a series of meetings to discuss __________ to allocate the limited public welfare funds to different projects, such as education, medical care and elderly support, so as to maximize the benefits for the general public.
During the interview, the award-winning author told the journalist that __________ his next book would focus on the history, traditional customs and folk art of the ethnic minority groups living in the mountainous areas of southwest China.
The anxious parents are trying to figure out __________ their son has gradually lost interest in academic studies recently and has been performing poorly in major exams, a situation that has worried the whole family.
The chief engineer suggested __________ the company (should) adopt the advanced intelligent production technology, which can not only reduce production costs by 20% but also improve the quality and stability of products.
Before starting the next part of the tour, the experienced tour guide asked the group members __________ they were willing to visit the additional scenic spot, which is a bit far from the main route but famous for its rare natural scenery.
The lead researcher, who has been studying the new drug for three years, is not sure __________ will be in charge of conducting the follow-up study on the long-term side effects of the drug.
In front of all the teachers and students, the school principal announced __________ a new multi-functional gymnasium would be constructed on the campus next year, which will be equipped with modern sports facilities to meet students’ diverse sports needs.
At the press conference, the journalist wondered __________ specific measures the local police department had taken to address the increasing number of traffic violations over the past few months, which have caused many traffic accidents.
The industry expert advised the company __________ it (should) attach greater importance to the professional training of its employees, as this will help enhance their professional skills and promote the long-term development of the company.
All the history enthusiasts are curious about __________ the ancient people managed to preserve the mummies so well for thousands of years without relying on modern preservation technology, a mystery that has puzzled archaeologists for decades.
After several rounds of discussions, the committee still hasn’t determined __________ to hold the annual meeting of the association, which is typically held in the first quarter of each year but may be delayed due to unexpected circumstances.
At the end of the grammar class, the teacher asked the students __________ they had fully grasped the key points of the attributive clause she had explained that morning, especially the usage of relative pronouns and adverbs.
The experienced investor is carefully considering __________ to invest in the startup company that has developed a promising new online education app, which is expected to gain a large market share in the near future.
The environmental organization emphasized __________ the local community (should) take immediate measures to protect the endangered wildlife in the nearby wetland, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of the area.
II. 单句改错（共 10 题，每句 1 处错误）
The teacher asked the students if they have finished their homework assigned the day before.
I wonder that we can take a bus to the museum or we have to walk there.
The manager suggested that the company should takes immediate action to solve the problem of product quality.
The scientist couldn’t confirm when will the experiment on the new material be completed.
We are not sure what did the government announce at the press conference held yesterday.
The tour guide reminded us that we should not touch the exhibits, don’t we
The expert proposed that more attention should be paid to improve the living conditions of the elderly in rural areas.
I don’t know if the meeting will be held on time or not, because the weather is so bad.
The parents asked the teacher how their child is getting along with his classmates at school.
The author told the readers that his new novel will be published in the coming month.
III. 句型转换
第一部分：应用文场景（书信、通知、建议信等）
The student union suggested that we should organize a charity sale to raise money for the students in poor mountainous areas.（要求：改为含 it 作形式宾语的句子——“建议信” 正文）
We don’t know whether the school will arrange a special bus to take us to the competition venue.（要求：改为含疑问词 + 不定式的结构——“比赛通知” 咨询段）
The teacher told us that we must hand in our English composition before the end of this week.（要求：改为含 that 引导的简单宾语从句，突出 “deadline”——“作业布置通知”）
The company wants to know what kind of talents the graduates majoring in computer science have.（要求：改为含 what 引导的宾语从句——“企业招聘调研问卷”）
The committee discussed whether they should postpone the sports meeting due to the bad weather.（要求：改为含 whether...or not 的结构——“会议纪要” 讨论部分）
The expert advised that the local government should take effective measures to protect the cultural heritage.（要求：改为含 it 作形式宾语的句子——“政策建议报告”）
We are curious about how the school will implement the new educational policy next semester.（要求：改为含 how 引导的宾语从句——“学生代表座谈会” 发言）
第二部分：读后续写场景（情感、动作、场景描写）
The little girl wondered if her father would come back home in time to celebrate her birthday.（要求：改为含 whether 引导的宾语从句，强化 “期待感”——读后续写 “心理描写” 部分）
Tom saw that his mother was crying quietly in the living room, and he felt a strong sense of sadness.（要求：改为含 that 引导的宾语从句，突出 “场景感染力”——读后续写 “情感转折” 段落）
The hiker didn’t know how he could find his way back to the campsite in the dark forest.（要求：改为含 how + 不定式的结构，渲染 “紧张氛围”——读后续写 “危机场景”）
Lily heard that her best friend had won the first prize in the singing competition, and she jumped with joy.（要求：改为含 that 引导的宾语从句，强化 “喜悦感”——读后续写 “情感升华” 部分）
The old man told the children that he had traveled around the world when he was young.（要求：改为含 that 引导的宾语从句，增加 “细节描写”——读后续写 “回忆场景”）
The detective suspected that the man in the black coat had something to do with the case.（要求：改为含 that 引导的宾语从句，渲染 “悬疑氛围”——读后续写 “推理场景”）
The little boy didn’t know if he could finish the difficult puzzle his mother had given him.（要求：改为含 whether 引导的宾语从句，突出 “纠结心理”——读后续写 “成长场景”）
IV. 句子翻译（共 20 题）
第一部分：应用文场景（书信、通知、建议信等）
我们想知道学校是否会为参加全国数学竞赛的学生提供额外的辅导课程。（whether 引导宾语从句——“竞赛申请咨询信”）
专家建议政府应加大对农村教育的投入，以改善当地的教学条件。（that 引导宾语从句，虚拟语气——“教育政策建议报告”）
请告知我们你是否能参加下周五举行的关于 “校园文化建设” 的研讨会。（whether 引导宾语从句——“研讨会邀请信”）
公司想了解应届毕业生具备哪些专业技能和实践经验，以便更好地制定招聘计划。（what 引导宾语从句——“企业招聘调研表”）
老师提醒我们，在撰写学术论文时必须引用可靠的来源，避免抄袭。（that 引导宾语从句——“学术写作指导通知”）
我们不确定当地政府将采取什么措施来解决城市交通拥堵问题。（what 引导宾语从句——“城市发展调研报告”）
导游询问游客们是否愿意在参观博物馆后去附近的特色餐厅品尝当地美食。（if/whether 引导宾语从句——“旅游行程调整沟通”）
校长在会议上宣布，学校将新建一栋实验楼，为学生提供更先进的实验设备。（that 引导宾语从句——“校园建设通知”）
父母想知道他们的孩子在学校如何与老师和同学相处，以及学习情况如何。（how 引导宾语从句——“家长与老师沟通信”）
委员会讨论了是否应该将会议时间从下周一下午改到下周三上午。（whether 引导宾语从句——“会议安排讨论纪要”）
第二部分：读后续写场景（情感、动作、场景描写）
小女孩不知道她失踪的小狗是否还能找回来，眼睛里满是泪水，紧紧攥着小狗的旧项圈。（whether 引导宾语从句——“温情类读后续写 心理描写”）
男孩看到爸爸亲手为他制作的生日蛋糕时，惊讶地说不出话来，他从未想过爸爸会记得他的生日。（that 引导宾语从句——“亲情类读后续写 情感转折”）
登山者在暴风雪中迷失了方向，他不知道如何在这样恶劣的环境中生存下去，心中充满了恐惧。（how 引导宾语从句——“冒险类读后续写 危机场景”）
老奶奶告诉孙女，她年轻时曾在这条小河边和朋友们一起钓鱼、玩耍，那些快乐的时光让她终生难忘。（that 引导宾语从句——“怀旧类读后续写 回忆场景”）
消防员们不确定是否能在火势蔓延到整栋大楼之前救出被困在顶层的居民，但他们仍在奋力扑救。（whether 引导宾语从句——“英雄类读后续写 紧张氛围”）
小女孩收到笔友寄来的明信片时，开心地跳了起来，她一直期待着能知道笔友所在城市的样子。（what 引导宾语从句——“友情类读后续写 情感升华”）
老人发现钱包不见了，他不知道自己是在公交车上还是在超市里把钱包弄丢的，急得满头大汗。（whether 引导宾语从句——“生活类读后续写 冲突场景”）
男孩想知道他种的小树苗是否能在寒冷的冬天存活下来，他每天都会去花园里查看树苗的情况。（whether 引导宾语从句——“成长类读后续写 细节描写”）
护士告诉病人，只要他按时服药、保持良好的心态，身体很快就能康复。（that 引导宾语从句——“温情类读后续写 安慰场景”）
孩子们好奇地问老师，星星为什么会在夜空中闪烁，老师耐心地给他们解释其中的科学道理。（why 引导宾语从句——“科普类读后续写 求知场景”）
V. 短文填空（共 2 篇，每篇 10 空）
短文 1：校园 “学科素养提升周” 活动组织
Our school plans to organize a "Subject Literacy Improvement Week" next month to enhance students’ comprehensive academic abilities. The teaching department is now discussing 1. __________ they should set up special workshops for different subjects, such as math problem - solving and English public speaking. Many teachers suggest 2. __________ the school invite experts from universities to give lectures on effective learning strategies, but they haven’t decided 3. __________ the experts will be available during that period.
The student union is also involved in the preparation. They are surveying students to find out 4. __________ kinds of activities they are most interested in, whether it’s academic competitions or hands - on experiments. The union president said 5. __________ they would try their best to meet students’ needs and make the event more attractive. However, there is a problem: the school hasn’t confirmed 6. __________ they can provide enough classrooms and equipment for all the activities.
Another important issue is 7. __________ to evaluate the effect of the "Subject Literacy Improvement Week" after it ends. The head teacher proposed 8. __________ teachers design a questionnaire to collect students’ feedback and analyze 9. __________ the activities have really helped improve their subject literacy. Finally, everyone hopes 10. __________ this event will become a regular part of the school’s academic calendar to continuously promote students’ development.
短文 2：“非遗文化进校园” 活动筹备
To inherit and promote intangible cultural heritage, our school is going to hold a "Intangible Cultural Heritage 进校园" event this semester. The organizing committee is discussing 1. __________ they should invite craftsmen of paper - cutting, embroidery or shadow puppetry to demonstrate their skills. The art teacher suggested 2. __________ the school arrange interactive sessions so that students can have a hands - on experience, but they need to figure out 3. __________ there is enough space in the art studio for these activities.
The committee is also considering 4. __________ to publicize the event to attract more students’ attention. Some members proposed 5. __________ they post posters around the campus and share information on the school’s official WeChat account. However, they are not sure 6. __________ these methods will be effective enough to raise students’ awareness of intangible cultural heritage.
Another concern is 7. __________ the craftsmen will charge a fee for their demonstrations. The school’s financial department needs to know 8. __________ much money they can allocate for this event to cover possible expenses. The committee chairman said 9. __________ they would negotiate with the craftsmen to reduce the cost as much as possible. Finally, everyone is looking forward to seeing 10. __________ this event will arouse students’ interest in traditional culture and encourage them to inherit it.高中英语语法精练（2）— 宾语从句（解析版）
I. 语法填空
第一组：基础练习
The research team is debating __________ they should adjust the experimental parameters to obtain more accurate data for the environmental protection project.
The headmaster clearly stated at the meeting that our school ______________ with a renowned international institution to launch a student exchange program next semester.
Could you please inform me __________the deadline for submitting applications for the national English innovation competition is
The professor suggested that all students __________ in the academic seminar to broaden their horizons and exchange research ideas.
We still haven’t figured out __________ measures the local government will take to alleviate traffic congestion during the peak hours of the tourism season.
The tour guide reminded us __________ we must keep quiet when visiting the ancient cultural relics to avoid causing any damage.
The company’s manager is considering __________ it is feasible to invest a large sum of money in developing new energy - saving technologies.
I wonder __________ the young inventor managed to create such a practical device with limited resources and simple tools.
The teacher emphasized that every student __________ basic computer skills to adapt to the rapidly developing digital society.
The villagers are eager to know __________ the new highway construction project will start as scheduled next month.
The scientist couldn’t confirm __________ had made the important discovery in the field of quantum physics before his team.
The coach told the athletes __________ they had to practice harder than ever before if they wanted to win the upcoming national sports meeting.
We need to discuss __________ of the two proposed plans for the school library renovation is more in line with the students’ actual needs.
The doctor advised the patient __________ he (should) give up smoking and drinking to improve his physical health as soon as possible.
The journalist asked the famous writer __________ inspired her to create the vivid characters and fascinating plots in her latest novel.
The committee hasn’t decided __________ to hold the international conference on artificial intelligence, which is of great significance to the industry.
The monitor promised __________ he would help his classmates solve the difficult math problems after class every day.
I can’t understand __________ some people are still willing to use disposable plastic products despite the fact that they are harmful to the environment.
The expert proposed __________ the government (should) formulate more policies to protect the endangered wildlife in the remote mountainous areas.
The students are curious about __________ the ancient Egyptians built the magnificent pyramids without the help of modern construction equipment.
The manager asked the employees __________ they had any suggestions on improving the company’s working efficiency and product quality.
The history teacher told us __________ the Great Wall of China was built over a long period of time and played an important role in defending the country in ancient times.
We are not sure __________ kind of impact the new educational reform will have on the teaching methods of high schools across the country.
The engineer explained __________ the new intelligent transportation system works to reduce the number of traffic accidents on the highway.
The organizer of the charity event asked the volunteers __________ they (should) arrive at the venue an hour in advance to make relevant preparations.
I don’t know __________ will be in charge of organizing the school’s 70th anniversary celebration, which is going to be a grand event.
The professor told his students __________ practice is the key to mastering a foreign language, and they should speak and write as much as possible.
The parents are worried about __________ their children can adapt to the new learning environment after transferring to a new school.
The team leader discussed with his members __________ steps they should take to complete the challenging project on time and with high quality.
The tour operator informed the tourists __________ the itinerary might be changed due to the unexpected bad weather conditions.
答案及解析
答案：whether
考点：引导词（whether 表 “是否”，宾语从句中可与 or not 连用，此处虽未出现 or not，但表不确定的选择，用 whether 更正式）
句意：研究团队正在讨论，为了给环保项目获取更精准的数据，他们是否应该调整实验参数。
解析：从句语义为 “是否调整参数”，宾语从句中表 “是否” 可用 if 或 whether，但此处语境偏向正式的学术讨论，且 whether 适用范围更广（可接 or not 等），故填 whether。
答案：will collaborate
考点：时态（主句为一般过去时，但从句表将来的客观计划，时态不受主句影响）
句意：校长在会议上明确表示，我校将于下学期与一所知名国际机构合作开展学生交流项目。
解析：主句 “stated” 为一般过去时，但从句 “开展交流项目” 是学校确定的未来计划，属于客观将来情况，时态无需改为过去将来时，故填 will collaborate。
答案：when
考点：引导词（when 在从句中作时间状语，表 “…… 的时候”）
句意：你能告知我全国英语创新大赛的申请提交截止日期是什么时候吗？
解析：从句 “the deadline...is” 缺少时间状语，需用 when 引导，询问截止时间，故填 when。
答案：(should) participate
考点：虚拟语气（suggest 表 “建议” 时，宾语从句用 should + 动词原形，should 可省略）
句意：教授建议所有学生都应参加学术研讨会，以拓宽视野并交流研究思路。
解析：“suggest” 在此处表 “建议”，后接宾语从句需用虚拟语气，结构为 “should + 动词原形”，should 可省略，故填 (should) participate。
答案：what
考点：引导词（what 在从句中作定语，修饰 measures，表 “…… 的措施”）
句意：我们仍未弄清楚，当地政府将采取哪些措施来缓解旅游旺季高峰时段的交通拥堵。
解析：从句 “...measures the local government will take” 中，measures 缺少定语，需用 what 修饰，表 “什么样的措施”，故填 what。
答案：that
考点：引导词（that 无实际意义，仅起连接作用，宾语从句成分完整时用 that）
句意：导游提醒我们，参观古代文物时必须保持安静，以免造成任何损坏。
解析：从句 “we must keep quiet...damage” 成分完整、语义明确，that 仅起连接作用，可省略，但此处为突出提醒的内容，保留 that 更清晰，故填 that。
答案：whether
考点：引导词（whether 表 “是否”，用于介词后作宾语从句）
句意：公司经理正在考虑，投入大笔资金研发新型节能技术是否可行。
解析：“considering” 是介词，介词后接宾语从句表 “是否” 时，只能用 whether，不能用 if，故填 whether。
答案：how
考点：引导词（how 在从句中作方式状语，表 “如何”）
句意：我想知道，这位年轻发明家是如何在资源有限、工具简陋的情况下，造出如此实用的装置的。
解析：从句 “the young inventor managed to create...” 缺少方式状语，询问 “如何制造”，需用 how 引导，故填 how。
答案：should master
考点：虚拟语气（emphasize 表 “强调（建议性内容）” 时，宾语从句用虚拟语气）
句意：老师强调，为了适应快速发展的数字社会，每个学生都应掌握基本的计算机技能。
解析：“emphasize” 此处表达 “强调学生应做的事”，隐含建议意味，宾语从句需用 “should + 动词原形” 的虚拟语气，故填 should master。
答案：if/whether
考点：引导词（if/whether 表 “是否”，普通宾语从句中可互换）
句意：村民们迫切想知道，新的高速公路建设项目是否会在下个月如期开工。
解析：从句表 “是否如期开工”，普通宾语从句中 if 和 whether 均可表 “是否”，故填 if/whether。
答案：who
考点：引导词（who 在从句中作主语，表 “谁”）
句意：这位科学家无法确认，在他的团队之前，是谁在量子物理领域取得了这一重要发现。
解析：从句 “...had made the important discovery” 缺少主语，询问 “人”，需用 who 引导，故填 who。
答案：that
考点：引导词（that 连接宾语从句，主句为过去时，从句表过去的情况）
句意：教练告诉运动员们，如果他们想赢得即将到来的全国运动会，就必须比以往更加努力地训练。
解析：主句 “told” 为一般过去时，从句 “想赢得运动会” 是过去的想法，“必须努力训练” 是当时的要求，成分完整，用 that 连接，故填 that。
答案：which
考点：引导词（which 表 “哪一个”，有明确选择范围）
句意：我们需要讨论，学校图书馆翻新的两个拟议方案中，哪一个更符合学生的实际需求。
解析：从句限定 “两个方案” 的选择范围，表 “哪一个”，需用 which 引导，故填 which。
答案：that
考点：虚拟语气（advise 表 “建议” 时，宾语从句用虚拟语气）
句意：医生建议病人，为了尽快改善身体健康状况，他应该戒烟戒酒。
解析：“advise” 表 “建议”，后接宾语从句需用 “should + 动词原形” 的虚拟语气，should 可省略，此处 that 起连接作用，故填 that。
答案：what
考点：引导词（what 在从句中作主语，表 “…… 的事物”）
句意：记者询问这位著名作家，是什么启发她在最新的小说中塑造出如此鲜活的人物和引人入胜的情节。
解析：从句 “...inspired her to create...” 缺少主语，表 “启发的事物”，需用 what 引导，故填 what。
答案：where
考点：引导词（where 在从句中作地点状语，表 “在哪里”）
句意：委员会尚未决定，这场对行业具有重要意义的人工智能国际会议将在哪里举办。
解析：从句 “to hold the international conference...” 缺少地点状语，询问举办地点，需用 where 引导，故填 where。
答案：that
考点：引导词（that 连接宾语从句，主句为过去时，从句表过去将来的承诺）
句意：班长承诺，他会每天课后帮助同学们解决数学难题。
解析：主句 “promised” 为一般过去时，从句 “帮助同学” 是过去承诺的未来动作，用 that 连接，从句时态用过去将来时 would help，此处填 that，故填 that。
答案：why
考点：引导词（why 在从句中作原因状语，表 “为什么”）
句意：我无法理解，尽管知道一次性塑料制品对环境有害，有些人还是愿意使用它们。
解析：从句 “some people are still willing to use...” 缺少原因状语，询问 “为什么使用”，需用 why 引导，故填 why。
答案：that
考点：虚拟语气（propose 表 “提议” 时，宾语从句用虚拟语气）
句意：专家提议，政府应制定更多政策，保护偏远山区的濒危野生动物。
解析：“propose” 表 “提议”，后接宾语从句需用 “should + 动词原形” 的虚拟语气，should 可省略，that 起连接作用，故填 that。
答案：how
考点：引导词（how 在从句中作方式状语，表 “如何”）
句意：学生们很好奇，古埃及人在没有现代建筑设备帮助的情况下，是如何建造出宏伟的金字塔的。
解析：从句 “the ancient Egyptians built...” 缺少方式状语，询问建造方式，需用 how 引导，故填 how。
答案：whether
考点：引导词（whether 表 “是否”，与 or not 隐含搭配，表选择）
句意：经理询问员工们，在提高公司工作效率和产品质量方面，他们是否有任何建议。
解析：从句隐含 “是否有建议” 的选择意味，whether 更贴合这种不确定的询问，故填 whether。
答案：that
考点：引导词（that 连接宾语从句，从句表客观事实，时态不受主句影响）
句意：历史老师告诉我们，中国的长城是在很长一段时间内建成的，并且在古代对保卫国家起到了重要作用。
解析：主句 “told” 为一般过去时，但从句 “长城的建造和作用” 是客观历史事实，时态用一般过去时（建成）和一般过去时（起作用），成分完整，用 that 连接，故填 that。
答案：what
考点：引导词（what 在从句中作定语，修饰 impact，表 “…… 的影响”）
句意：我们不确定，新的教育改革将对全国高中的教学方法产生何种影响。
解析：从句 “...impact the new educational reform will have” 中，impact 缺少定语，表 “什么样的影响”，需用 what 修饰，故填 what。
答案：how
考点：引导词（how 在从句中作方式状语，表 “如何”）
句意：工程师向我们解释，新型智能交通系统是如何运作以减少高速公路交通事故数量的。
解析：从句 “the new intelligent transportation system works” 缺少方式状语，说明运作方式，需用 how 引导，故填 how。
答案：that
考点：虚拟语气（ask 表 “要求” 时，宾语从句用虚拟语气）
句意：慈善活动的组织者要求志愿者们，应提前一小时到达活动场地进行相关准备工作。
解析：“ask” 此处表 “要求”，后接宾语从句需用 “should + 动词原形” 的虚拟语气，should 可省略，that 起连接作用，故填 that。
答案：who
考点：引导词（who 在从句中作主语，表 “谁”）
句意：我不知道谁会负责组织学校的 70 周年校庆活动，这将是一场盛大的活动。
解析：从句 “...will be in charge of organizing...” 缺少主语，询问负责人，需用 who 引导，故填 who。
答案：that
考点：引导词（that 连接并列宾语从句，第二个 that 不可省略）
句意：教授告诉他的学生们，实践是掌握一门外语的关键，而且他们应该尽可能多地说和写。
解析：主句 “told” 后接两个并列的宾语从句，第一个 that 可省略，但第二个 that 不可省略，此处填第二个 that，故填 that。
答案：whether
考点：引导词（whether 表 “是否”，用于 be worried about 后作宾语从句）
句意：家长们担心，他们的孩子转学到新学校后能否适应新的学习环境。
解析：“be worried about” 后接宾语从句表 “是否”，需用 whether，不能用 if，故填 whether。
答案：what
考点：引导词（what 在从句中作定语，修饰 steps，表 “…… 的步骤”）
句意：团队负责人和成员们讨论了，为了按时高质量完成这个具有挑战性的项目，他们应该采取哪些步骤。
解析：从句 “...steps they should take” 中，steps 缺少定语，表 “什么样的步骤”，需用 what 修饰，故填 what。
答案：that
考点：引导词（that 连接宾语从句，主句为过去时，从句表过去的情况）
句意：旅行社告知游客们，由于突发的恶劣天气状况，行程可能会有所变更。
解析：主句 “informed” 为一般过去时，从句 “行程可能变更” 是当时告知的内容，成分完整，用 that 连接，故填 that。
第二组：进阶练习
The committee members are engaging in heated debates regarding __________ they should give approval to the newly formulated policy, which is designed to promote the sustainable development of renewable energy sources in the region and has sparked widespread public concern.
答案：whether
解析：此处为介词 “regarding” 后的宾语从句，需表 “是否” 含义。语法规则中，if 不可用于介词后引导宾语从句，只能用 whether，故填 whether。
The world-renowned architect delivered a detailed explanation to the students on __________ he had designed the museum with a unique architectural style, which not only stands out as a landmark of the city but also reflects the integration of modern art and local cultural heritage.
答案：how
解析：从句缺少表示 “方式” 的状语，需用 how 引导，表 “如何设计”。主句 “delivered” 为一般过去时，从句 “设计” 发生在 “解释” 之前，用过去完成时，符合时态逻辑，故填 how。
The manager was caught in a dilemma when deciding __________ of the two candidates, both of whom possess exceptional professional qualifications and rich work experience in the field of marketing, to hire for the position of marketing director.
答案：which
解析：从句限定 “两位候选人” 的选择范围，表 “哪一个”，需用 which 引导 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构，符合 “有明确范围选哪一个” 的语境，故填 which。
The English teacher recommended that her students __________ at least five classic English literary works during the summer vacation, in order to enhance their literary appreciation and critical thinking abilities, which are essential for their senior high English learning.
答案：(should) read
解析：“recommend” 表 “建议” 时，后接宾语从句需用虚拟语气，结构为 “(should)+ 动词原形”，should 可省略，故填 (should) read。
The local power supply company needs to conduct a thorough investigation to find out __________ led to the sudden power failure in the downtown area last night—a disruption that affected thousands of residents and caused significant losses to local businesses.
答案：what
解析：从句缺少主语，需表 “导致停电的事物（原因）”，用 what 引导可在从句中同时作主语和指代 “事物”，符合 “查明原因” 的语境，故填 what。
The senior scientist asked his assistant, who had been responsible for data collection, __________ he had completed the comprehensive analysis of the data gathered from the field experiment conducted last week.
答案：whether
解析：此处为宾语从句，表 “是否完成分析”，需用 whether 引导（陈述句语序），符合 “询问不确定性结果” 的语境，故填 whether。
The government officials are holding a series of meetings to discuss __________ to allocate the limited public welfare funds to different projects, such as education, medical care and elderly support, so as to maximize the benefits for the general public.
答案：how
解析：从句缺少表示 “方式” 的状语，需用 how 引导 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构，表 “如何分配资金”，契合 “讨论分配方式” 的语境，故填 how。
During the interview, the award-winning author told the journalist that __________ his next book would focus on the history, traditional customs and folk art of the ethnic minority groups living in the mountainous areas of southwest China.
答案：that
解析：此处为嵌套宾语从句，第二个从句 “his next book would focus on...” 句意完整、成分不缺，需用 that 连接（第二个 that 不可省略，避免歧义），故填 that。
The anxious parents are trying to figure out __________ their son has gradually lost interest in academic studies recently and has been performing poorly in major exams, a situation that has worried the whole family.
答案：why
解析：从句缺少表示 “原因” 的状语，需用 why 引导，表 “为什么失去兴趣、成绩差”，符合 “家长探究原因” 的语境，故填 why。
The chief engineer suggested __________ the company (should) adopt the advanced intelligent production technology, which can not only reduce production costs by 20% but also improve the quality and stability of products.
答案：that
解析：“suggest” 表 “建议” 时，后接宾语从句需用虚拟语气，从句 “the company (should) adopt...” 句意完整，需用 that 连接，故填 that。
Before starting the next part of the tour, the experienced tour guide asked the group members __________ they were willing to visit the additional scenic spot, which is a bit far from the main route but famous for its rare natural scenery.
答案：if/whether
解析：此处为普通宾语从句，表 “是否愿意参观”，语法规则中 if 和 whether 均可引导此类表 “是否” 的宾语从句，故填 if/whether。
The lead researcher, who has been studying the new drug for three years, is not sure __________ will be in charge of conducting the follow-up study on the long-term side effects of the drug.
答案：who
解析：从句缺少主语，需表 “负责后续研究的人”，用 who 引导可在从句中作主语并指代 “人”，符合 “不确定负责人” 的语境，故填 who。
In front of all the teachers and students, the school principal announced __________ a new multi-functional gymnasium would be constructed on the campus next year, which will be equipped with modern sports facilities to meet students’ diverse sports needs.
答案：that
解析：此处为宾语从句，“a new multi-functional gymnasium would be constructed...” 句意完整、成分不缺，需用 that 连接，故填 that。
At the press conference, the journalist wondered __________ specific measures the local police department had taken to address the increasing number of traffic violations over the past few months, which have caused many traffic accidents.
答案：what
解析：从句中 “measures” 缺少定语，需表 “什么样的措施”，用 what 修饰 “measures”，可在从句中作定语并指代 “事物”，符合 “询问具体措施” 的语境，故填 what。
The industry expert advised the company __________ it (should) attach greater importance to the professional training of its employees, as this will help enhance their professional skills and promote the long-term development of the company.
答案：that
解析：“advise” 表 “建议” 时，后接宾语从句需用虚拟语气，从句 “it (should) attach greater importance to...” 句意完整，需用 that 连接，故填 that。
All the history enthusiasts are curious about __________ the ancient people managed to preserve the mummies so well for thousands of years without relying on modern preservation technology, a mystery that has puzzled archaeologists for decades.
答案：how
解析：从句缺少表示 “方式” 的状语，需用 how 引导，表 “如何保存”，符合 “好奇保存方法” 的语境，故填 how。
After several rounds of discussions, the committee still hasn’t determined __________ to hold the annual meeting of the association, which is typically held in the first quarter of each year but may be delayed due to unexpected circumstances.
答案：when
解析：从句缺少表示 “时间” 的状语，需用 when 引导 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构，表 “什么时候举办会议”，契合 “未确定会议时间” 的语境，故填 when。
At the end of the grammar class, the teacher asked the students __________ they had fully grasped the key points of the attributive clause she had explained that morning, especially the usage of relative pronouns and adverbs.
答案：whether
解析：此处为宾语从句，表 “是否掌握重点”，主句 “asked” 为一般过去时，从句 “掌握” 发生在 “问” 之前，用过去完成时，需用 whether 引导表 “是否”，故填 whether。
The experienced investor is carefully considering __________ to invest in the startup company that has developed a promising new online education app, which is expected to gain a large market share in the near future.
答案：whether
解析：“consider” 后接宾语从句表 “是否”，需用 whether 引导（可简化为 “whether to invest”），符合 “考虑是否投资” 的语境，故填 whether。
The environmental organization emphasized __________ the local community (should) take immediate measures to protect the endangered wildlife in the nearby wetland, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of the area.
答案：that
解析：“emphasize” 表 “强调（建议 / 重要性）” 时，后接宾语从句需用虚拟语气，结构为 “(should)+ 动词原形”，从句 “the local community (should) take immediate measures...” 句意完整，需用 that 连接，故填 that。
II. 单句改错（共 10 题，每句 1 处错误）
The teacher asked the students if they have finished their homework assigned the day before.
I wonder that we can take a bus to the museum or we have to walk there.
The manager suggested that the company should takes immediate action to solve the problem of product quality.
The scientist couldn’t confirm when will the experiment on the new material be completed.
We are not sure what did the government announce at the press conference held yesterday.
The tour guide reminded us that we should not touch the exhibits, don’t we
The expert proposed that more attention should be paid to improve the living conditions of the elderly in rural areas.
I don’t know if the meeting will be held on time or not, because the weather is so bad.
The parents asked the teacher how their child is getting along with his classmates at school.
The author told the readers that his new novel will be published in the coming month.
答案及解析
错误：have finished→had finished
解析：主句 “asked” 为一般过去时，从句 “完成作业” 发生在 “问” 之前，是过去的过去，需用过去完成时，故将 have finished 改为 had finished。
错误：that→whether
解析：从句含 “or” 表选择关系，表 “是否” 需用 whether，不能用 that，whether...or... 为固定搭配，故将 that 改为 whether。
错误：takes→take
解析：“suggest” 表 “建议” 时，宾语从句用 “should + 动词原形” 的虚拟语气，should 可省略，故将 takes 改为 take。
错误：will the experiment...be completed→the experiment will be completed
解析：宾语从句需用陈述句语序，将疑问句语序 “will the experiment...” 改为陈述句语序 “the experiment will...”，故调整语序。
错误：did the government announce→the government announced
解析：宾语从句需用陈述句语序，且主句为一般现在时，从句 “昨天宣布” 用一般过去时，将疑问句语序 “did the government announce” 改为陈述句语序 “the government announced”，故调整语序并改时态。
错误：don’t we→shouldn’t we
解析：主句 “reminded us that we should not touch...” 中，宾语从句用了 should not，反义疑问句应与从句的情态动词一致，故将 don’t we 改为 shouldn’t we。
错误：improve→improving
解析：“pay attention to” 中 to 是介词，后接动词需用动名词形式，故将 improve 改为 improving。
错误：if→whether
解析：从句中含 “or not”，表 “是否” 时，whether 可与 or not 连用，if 不可，故将 if 改为 whether。
错误：is→was
解析：主句 “asked” 为一般过去时，从句 “孩子与同学相处” 的情况发生在过去，需用一般过去时，故将 is 改为 was。
错误：will→would
解析：主句 “told” 为一般过去时，从句 “小说将出版” 是过去预测的未来动作，需用过去将来时，故将 will 改为 would。
III. 句型转换
第一部分：应用文场景（书信、通知、建议信等）
The student union suggested that we should organize a charity sale to raise money for the students in poor mountainous areas.（要求：改为含 it 作形式宾语的句子——“建议信” 正文）
→ The student union suggested it necessary that we should organize a charity sale to raise money for the students in poor mountainous areas.
We don’t know whether the school will arrange a special bus to take us to the competition venue.（要求：改为含疑问词 + 不定式的结构——“比赛通知” 咨询段）
→ We don’t know whether to arrange a special bus by the school to take us to the competition venue.
The teacher told us that we must hand in our English composition before the end of this week.（要求：改为含 that 引导的简单宾语从句，突出 “deadline”——“作业布置通知”）
→ The teacher clearly told us that the deadline for handing in our English composition is before the end of this week.
The company wants to know what kind of talents the graduates majoring in computer science have.（要求：改为含 what 引导的宾语从句——“企业招聘调研问卷”）
→ The company wants to know what kind of talents the graduates who major in computer science possess.
The committee discussed whether they should postpone the sports meeting due to the bad weather.（要求：改为含 whether...or not 的结构——“会议纪要” 讨论部分）
→ The committee discussed whether they should postpone the sports meeting due to the bad weather or not.
The expert advised that the local government should take effective measures to protect the cultural heritage.（要求：改为含 it 作形式宾语的句子——“政策建议报告”）
→ The expert advised it important that the local government should take effective measures to protect the cultural heritage.
We are curious about how the school will implement the new educational policy next semester.（要求：改为含 how 引导的宾语从句——“学生代表座谈会” 发言）
→ We, as student representatives, are curious about how the school will put the new educational policy into practice next semester.
第二部分：读后续写场景（情感、动作、场景描写）
The little girl wondered if her father would come back home in time to celebrate her birthday.（要求：改为含 whether 引导的宾语从句，强化 “期待感”——读后续写 “心理描写” 部分）
→ The little girl kept wondering whether her father, who had been on a business trip for a month, would come back home in time to celebrate her tenth birthday.
Tom saw that his mother was crying quietly in the living room, and he felt a strong sense of sadness.（要求：改为含 that 引导的宾语从句，突出 “场景感染力”——读后续写 “情感转折” 段落）
→ Tom accidentally saw that his mother, whose eyes were red and swollen, was crying quietly in the dimly lit living room, and a strong sense of sadness suddenly welled up in his heart.
The hiker didn’t know how he could find his way back to the campsite in the dark forest.（要求：改为含 how + 不定式的结构，渲染 “紧张氛围”——读后续写 “危机场景”）
→ The hiker, who was running out of water and energy, didn’t know how to find his way back to the campsite in the dark and dense forest.
Lily heard that her best friend had won the first prize in the singing competition, and she jumped with joy.（要求：改为含 that 引导的宾语从句，强化 “喜悦感”——读后续写 “情感升华” 部分）
→ Lily heard the exciting news that her best friend, who had practiced singing day and night for half a year, had won the first prize in the national singing competition, and she jumped with joy and hugged her friend tightly.
The old man told the children that he had traveled around the world when he was young.（要求：改为含 that 引导的宾语从句，增加 “细节描写”——读后续写 “回忆场景”）
→ The old man, with a smile on his wrinkled face, told the children that he had traveled around the world with a backpack when he was young, and he had seen many amazing landscapes.
The detective suspected that the man in the black coat had something to do with the case.（要求：改为含 that 引导的宾语从句，渲染 “悬疑氛围”——读后续写 “推理场景”）
→ The detective, who was staring at the surveillance video carefully, suspected that the man in the black coat, who had appeared at the crime scene twice, had something to do with the mysterious case.
The little boy didn’t know if he could finish the difficult puzzle his mother had given him.（要求：改为含 whether 引导的宾语从句，突出 “纠结心理”——读后续写 “成长场景”）
→ The little boy, who had been trying to solve the puzzle for an hour, didn’t know whether he could finish the difficult puzzle that his mother had given him as a challenge.
IV. 句子翻译（共 20 题）
第一部分：应用文场景（书信、通知、建议信等）
我们想知道学校是否会为参加全国数学竞赛的学生提供额外的辅导课程。（whether 引导宾语从句——“竞赛申请咨询信”）
专家建议政府应加大对农村教育的投入，以改善当地的教学条件。（that 引导宾语从句，虚拟语气——“教育政策建议报告”）
请告知我们你是否能参加下周五举行的关于 “校园文化建设” 的研讨会。（whether 引导宾语从句——“研讨会邀请信”）
公司想了解应届毕业生具备哪些专业技能和实践经验，以便更好地制定招聘计划。（what 引导宾语从句——“企业招聘调研表”）
老师提醒我们，在撰写学术论文时必须引用可靠的来源，避免抄袭。（that 引导宾语从句——“学术写作指导通知”）
我们不确定当地政府将采取什么措施来解决城市交通拥堵问题。（what 引导宾语从句——“城市发展调研报告”）
导游询问游客们是否愿意在参观博物馆后去附近的特色餐厅品尝当地美食。（if/whether 引导宾语从句——“旅游行程调整沟通”）
校长在会议上宣布，学校将新建一栋实验楼，为学生提供更先进的实验设备。（that 引导宾语从句——“校园建设通知”）
父母想知道他们的孩子在学校如何与老师和同学相处，以及学习情况如何。（how 引导宾语从句——“家长与老师沟通信”）
委员会讨论了是否应该将会议时间从下周一下午改到下周三上午。（whether 引导宾语从句——“会议安排讨论纪要”）
第二部分：读后续写场景（情感、动作、场景描写）
小女孩不知道她失踪的小狗是否还能找回来，眼睛里满是泪水，紧紧攥着小狗的旧项圈。（whether 引导宾语从句——“温情类读后续写 心理描写”）
男孩看到爸爸亲手为他制作的生日蛋糕时，惊讶地说不出话来，他从未想过爸爸会记得他的生日。（that 引导宾语从句——“亲情类读后续写 情感转折”）
登山者在暴风雪中迷失了方向，他不知道如何在这样恶劣的环境中生存下去，心中充满了恐惧。（how 引导宾语从句——“冒险类读后续写 危机场景”）
老奶奶告诉孙女，她年轻时曾在这条小河边和朋友们一起钓鱼、玩耍，那些快乐的时光让她终生难忘。（that 引导宾语从句——“怀旧类读后续写 回忆场景”）
消防员们不确定是否能在火势蔓延到整栋大楼之前救出被困在顶层的居民，但他们仍在奋力扑救。（whether 引导宾语从句——“英雄类读后续写 紧张氛围”）
小女孩收到笔友寄来的明信片时，开心地跳了起来，她一直期待着能知道笔友所在城市的样子。（what 引导宾语从句——“友情类读后续写 情感升华”）
老人发现钱包不见了，他不知道自己是在公交车上还是在超市里把钱包弄丢的，急得满头大汗。（whether 引导宾语从句——“生活类读后续写 冲突场景”）
男孩想知道他种的小树苗是否能在寒冷的冬天存活下来，他每天都会去花园里查看树苗的情况。（whether 引导宾语从句——“成长类读后续写 细节描写”）
护士告诉病人，只要他按时服药、保持良好的心态，身体很快就能康复。（that 引导宾语从句——“温情类读后续写 安慰场景”）
孩子们好奇地问老师，星星为什么会在夜空中闪烁，老师耐心地给他们解释其中的科学道理。（why 引导宾语从句——“科普类读后续写 求知场景”）
参考答案
We want to know whether the school will provide additional tutoring courses for the students who will participate in the national mathematics competition.
Experts suggest that the government (should) increase investment in rural education to improve the local teaching conditions.
Please inform us whether you can attend the seminar on "Campus Culture Construction" to be held next Friday.
The company wants to know what professional skills and practical experience the fresh graduates have so as to formulate a better recruitment plan.
The teacher reminded us that we must cite reliable sources when writing academic papers to avoid plagiarism.
We are not sure what measures the local government will take to solve the urban traffic congestion problem.
The tour guide asked the tourists if/whether they were willing to go to the nearby characteristic restaurant to taste the local food after visiting the museum.
The principal announced at the meeting that the school would build a new laboratory building to provide more advanced experimental equipment for students.
Parents want to know how their children get along with teachers and classmates at school and how their learning is going.
The committee discussed whether the meeting time should be changed from next Monday afternoon to next Wednesday morning.
The little girl didn’t know whether her missing puppy could be found, with tears in her eyes and tightly holding the puppy’s old collar.
When the boy saw the birthday cake made by his father with his own hands, he was too surprised to speak. He had never thought that his father would remember his birthday.
The mountaineer got lost in the snowstorm. He didn’t know how to survive in such a harsh environment, and his heart was full of fear.
The old grandmother told her granddaughter that she had fished and played with her friends by this small river when she was young, and those happy times were unforgettable for her all her life.
The firefighters were not sure whether they could rescue the residents trapped on the top floor before the fire spread to the entire building, but they were still fighting hard to put out the fire.
When the little girl received the postcard from her pen pal, she jumped with joy. She had been looking forward to knowing what the city where her pen pal lived looked like.
The old man found his wallet was missing. He didn’t know whether he had lost his wallet on the bus or in the supermarket, and he was so anxious that he was sweating all over.
The boy wanted to know whether the small sapling he planted could survive the cold winter, and he went to the garden to check the sapling’s condition every day.
The nurse told the patient that as long as he took the medicine on time and kept a good attitude, his body would recover soon.
The children asked the teacher curiously why the stars twinkled in the night sky, and the teacher patiently explained the scientific principle to them.
V. 短文填空（共 2 篇，每篇 10 空）
短文 1：校园 “学科素养提升周” 活动组织
Our school plans to organize a "Subject Literacy Improvement Week" next month to enhance students’ comprehensive academic abilities. The teaching department is now discussing 1. __________ they should set up special workshops for different subjects, such as math problem - solving and English public speaking. Many teachers suggest 2. __________ the school invite experts from universities to give lectures on effective learning strategies, but they haven’t decided 3. __________ the experts will be available during that period.
The student union is also involved in the preparation. They are surveying students to find out 4. __________ kinds of activities they are most interested in, whether it’s academic competitions or hands - on experiments. The union president said 5. __________ they would try their best to meet students’ needs and make the event more attractive. However, there is a problem: the school hasn’t confirmed 6. __________ they can provide enough classrooms and equipment for all the activities.
Another important issue is 7. __________ to evaluate the effect of the "Subject Literacy Improvement Week" after it ends. The head teacher proposed 8. __________ teachers design a questionnaire to collect students’ feedback and analyze 9. __________ the activities have really helped improve their subject literacy. Finally, everyone hopes 10. __________ this event will become a regular part of the school’s academic calendar to continuously promote students’ development.
短文 2：“非遗文化进校园” 活动筹备
To inherit and promote intangible cultural heritage, our school is going to hold a "Intangible Cultural Heritage 进校园" event this semester. The organizing committee is discussing 1. __________ they should invite craftsmen of paper - cutting, embroidery or shadow puppetry to demonstrate their skills. The art teacher suggested 2. __________ the school arrange interactive sessions so that students can have a hands - on experience, but they need to figure out 3. __________ there is enough space in the art studio for these activities.
The committee is also considering 4. __________ to publicize the event to attract more students’ attention. Some members proposed 5. __________ they post posters around the campus and share information on the school’s official WeChat account. However, they are not sure 6. __________ these methods will be effective enough to raise students’ awareness of intangible cultural heritage.
Another concern is 7. __________ the craftsmen will charge a fee for their demonstrations. The school’s financial department needs to know 8. __________ much money they can allocate for this event to cover possible expenses. The committee chairman said 9. __________ they would negotiate with the craftsmen to reduce the cost as much as possible. Finally, everyone is looking forward to seeing 10. __________ this event will arouse students’ interest in traditional culture and encourage them to inherit it.
答案及解析
短文 1：校园 “学科素养提升周” 活动组织
答案：whether
考点：引导词（whether 表 “是否”，用于 discuss 后作宾语从句，体现对 “是否设立专项工作坊” 的讨论，含不确定意味）
解析：教学部门讨论的核心是 “是否应为不同学科设立专项工作坊”，discuss 后接宾语从句表 “是否” 时，用 whether 符合语法规则，故填 whether。
答案：that
考点：引导词（that 连接完整宾语从句，suggest 表 “建议” 时，从句需用虚拟语气，that 仅起连接作用）
解析：“老师建议学校邀请大学专家授课”，suggest 表 “建议” 时，宾语从句需用 “should + 动词原形” 的虚拟语气（should 可省略），从句成分完整，用 that 连接，故填 that。
答案：whether
考点：引导词（whether 表 “是否”，用于 decide 后作宾语从句，对应 “专家是否有空” 的不确定情况）
解析：句子表达 “尚未确定专家在活动期间是否有空”，decide 后接宾语从句表 “是否”，需用 whether，故填 whether。
答案：what
考点：引导词（what 在从句中作定语，修饰 kinds of activities，表 “…… 种类的活动”）
解析：学生会调查的是 “学生对何种活动最感兴趣”，从句中 kinds of activities 缺少定语，需用 what 修饰，表 “什么种类的”，故填 what。
答案：that
考点：引导词（that 连接宾语从句，主句为过去时，从句表过去的承诺，成分完整）
解析：主席表示 “会尽力满足学生需求”，主句 said 为一般过去时，从句 “会尽力做某事” 是过去的承诺，成分完整，用 that 连接，故填 that。
答案：whether
考点：引导词（whether 表 “是否”，用于 confirm 后作宾语从句，体现 “能否提供资源” 的不确定性）
解析：学校尚未确认 “能否为所有活动提供足够的教室和设备”，confirm 后接宾语从句表 “是否”，用 whether，故填 whether。
答案：how
考点：引导词（how 在从句中作方式状语，表 “如何”，对应 “如何评估活动效果” 的疑问）
解析：此处讨论的是 “活动结束后如何评估效果”，从句缺少方式状语，需用 how 引导，表 “如何”，故填 how。
答案：that
考点：引导词（that 连接宾语从句，propose 表 “提议” 时，从句需用虚拟语气，that 起连接作用）
解析：班主任提议 “老师设计问卷收集反馈”，propose 表 “提议” 时，宾语从句需用 “should + 动词原形” 的虚拟语气（should 可省略），从句成分完整，用 that 连接，故填 that。
答案：whether
考点：引导词（whether 表 “是否”，用于 analyze 后作宾语从句，对应 “活动是否真的有帮助” 的分析需求）
解析：需要分析 “活动是否真的有助于提升学生学科素养”，analyze 后接宾语从句表 “是否”，用 whether，故填 whether。
答案：that
考点：引导词（that 连接宾语从句，hope 后接宾语从句，成分完整，无实际意义）
解析：所有人希望 “该活动成为校历常规项目”，hope 后接宾语从句，从句成分完整，用 that 连接，故填 that。
短文 2：“非遗文化进校园” 活动筹备
答案：whether
考点：引导词（whether 表 “是否”，用于 discuss 后作宾语从句，含 “选择邀请何种工匠” 的不确定意味）
解析：组委会讨论的是 “是否邀请剪纸、刺绣或皮影戏工匠”，discuss 后接宾语从句表 “是否”，用 whether，故填 whether。
答案：that
考点：引导词（that 连接宾语从句，suggest 表 “建议” 时，从句需用虚拟语气，that 仅起连接作用）
解析：美术老师建议 “学校安排互动环节”，suggest 表 “建议” 时，宾语从句需用 “should + 动词原形” 的虚拟语气（should 可省略），从句成分完整，用 that 连接，故填 that。
答案：whether
考点：引导词（whether 表 “是否”，用于 figure out 后作宾语从句，对应 “是否有足够空间” 的疑问）
解析：需要弄清楚 “美术工作室是否有足够空间开展活动”，figure out 后接宾语从句表 “是否”，用 whether，故填 whether。
答案：how
考点：引导词（how 在从句中作方式状语，表 “如何”，对应 “如何宣传活动” 的思考）
解析：组委会在考虑 “如何宣传活动以吸引学生关注”，从句缺少方式状语，需用 how 引导，表 “如何”，故填 how。
答案：that
考点：引导词（that 连接宾语从句，propose 表 “提议” 时，从句需用虚拟语气，that 起连接作用）
解析：部分成员提议 “在校园贴海报并在官方公众号分享信息”，propose 表 “提议” 时，宾语从句需用 “should + 动词原形” 的虚拟语气（should 可省略），从句成分完整，用 that 连接，故填 that。
答案：whether
考点：引导词（whether 表 “是否”，用于 be sure 后作宾语从句，体现 “宣传方式是否有效” 的不确定性）
解析：他们不确定 “这些宣传方式是否足以提高学生对非遗的意识”，be sure 后接宾语从句表 “是否”，用 whether，故填 whether。
答案：whether
考点：引导词（whether 表 “是否”，用于 concern 后作宾语从句，对应 “工匠是否收费” 的担忧）
解析：另一个担忧是 “工匠是否会为展示收费”，concern 后接宾语从句表 “是否”，用 whether，故填 whether。
答案：how
考点：引导词（how 修饰 much，表 “多少”，用于 know 后作宾语从句，对应 “能拨款多少” 的疑问）
解析：财务部门需要知道 “能为活动拨款多少以支付可能的费用”，询问 “多少资金” 需用 how much，故填 how。
答案：that
考点：引导词（that 连接宾语从句，主句为过去时，从句表过去的计划，成分完整）
解析：主席表示 “会与工匠协商以尽可能降低成本”，主句 said 为一般过去时，从句 “协商降低成本” 是过去的计划，成分完整，用 that 连接，故填 that。
答案：whether
考点：引导词（whether 表 “是否”，用于 see 后作宾语从句，对应 “活动是否能激发兴趣” 的期待）
解析：所有人期待看到 “该活动是否能激发学生对传统文化的兴趣并鼓励他们传承”，see 后接宾语从句表 “是否”，用 whether，故填 whether。
