高中英语语法精练（4） — 同位语从句（练习版）
I. 同位语从句识别与分析（共 5 题）
请找出下列句子中的同位语从句，标注其修饰的名词（先行名词），并分析引导词的作用及从句成分（主语、谓语、宾语等是否完整）。
The fact that more and more high school students are paying attention to mental health has attracted widespread social concern.
We all agree with the suggestion that our class should organize a spring outing to the botanical garden next month.
There is a common question among students whether they should spend more time on extracurricular activities or focus entirely on academic studies.
The teacher explained the reason that we need to master basic grammar rules before learning advanced English writing skills.
The news that our school’s debate team won the national championship spread quickly throughout the campus.
II. 语法填空
请根据句意及同位语从句语法规则，填入适当的引导词或动词正确形式。
第一组（基础练习）
The decision __________ the school will postpone the mid-term exam due to the sudden flu outbreak has been announced.
We have no doubt __________ regular reading can improve our vocabulary and reading comprehension.
The proposal __________ students (should) take turns to manage the class library was supported by all teachers.
There is some uncertainty __________ the international exchange program will start as scheduled next semester.
The teacher shared the experience __________ she had overcome difficulties in learning English when she was a student.
The question __________ will be in charge of the school’s 70th anniversary celebration is still under discussion.
The belief __________ hard work leads to success has always encouraged me to keep going.
The notice __________ all students must wear school uniforms on Monday morning is posted on the bulletin board.
We are curious about the news __________ a new English corner will be set up in our school next week.
The advice __________ we should practice listening to English news every day is very useful for our exam preparation.
There is a heated discussion about the issue __________ mobile phones should be allowed in classroom.
The fact __________ our school ranked first in the regional academic competition made all of us proud.
The plan __________ we will visit the local science museum during the winter vacation needs to be confirmed.
The doubt __________ he can finish the challenging project on time worries his group members.
The announcement __________ the school will hold a charity sale to help poor students was welcomed by parents.
The question __________ we can get enough books for the class reading activity remains to be solved.
The suggestion __________ the school cafeteria should provide more healthy food options was put forward by the student union.
The truth __________ English is a bridge to the world is widely recognized by educators.
There is no information __________ the school bus will arrive at the station this afternoon.
The idea __________ we can organize a online study group to share notes is worth trying.
第二组（进阶练习）
The school administration hasn’t finalized the decision __________ the annual international cultural exchange week will be held—whether in October or November.
The medical team published a report on the finding __________ a new drug derived from traditional Chinese medicine can effectively inhibit the growth of cancer cells without severe side effects.
The students are discussing the topic __________ they should choose as the theme for their graduation thesis—sustainable development or cultural heritage protection.
The government released a white paper outlining the strategy __________ the country will achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 through promoting renewable energy and optimizing industrial layout.
The environmentalists raised a doubt __________ the newly launched plastic - reduction policy can truly reduce the amount of plastic waste in urban areas within two years.
The scholars are studying the phenomenon __________ young people are increasingly inclined to pursue freelance careers instead of traditional full - time jobs.
The scientific community was shocked by the breakthrough __________ researchers had successfully developed a new type of energy - storage battery with a lifespan three times longer than traditional ones.
The conference attendees debated the question __________ artificial intelligence should be granted certain legal rights to protect its creative outputs, such as artworks and literary works.
The local residents expressed their curiosity about the plan __________ the old historical district will be renovated while preserving its original architectural style.
The museum curator explained the reason __________ the precious ancient porcelain exhibition was temporarily closed: the humidity in the exhibition hall exceeded the safe standard.
The educational expert emphasized the significance of the concept __________ interdisciplinary learning can help students develop comprehensive thinking abilities to adapt to complex social challenges.
The company’s board of directors approved the initiative __________ it will invest 500 million yuan in independent research and development to break the technological monopoly of foreign enterprises.
The urban planners are designing a scheme __________ to improve the traffic congestion in the city center—by building more subways or optimizing bus routes.
The professor put forward a hypothesis __________ the decline in adolescent reading ability is closely related to the excessive use of short - form video platforms.
The research team is exploring the problem __________ can effectively solve the data security risks brought by the rapid development of the Internet of Things.
The startup founder shared his vision __________ the company will expand its business to Southeast Asian markets by establishing strategic partnerships with local enterprises.
There is an urgent need to address the issue __________ the gap between urban and rural education resources is widening, which may affect social equity in the long run.
The international organization issued a warning about the potential risk __________ the spread of invasive species will cause irreversible damage to the local ecological balance.
The archaeologists made an announcement about the discovery __________ an ancient civilization dating back 5,000 years had existed in the coastal area, challenging previous historical theories.
There is a growing consensus among economists __________ digital transformation will reshape the global industrial structure and create new economic growth points in the next decade.
III. 单句改错（共 10 题，每句 1 处错误）
The reason why he was late for class is because he missed the early bus.
We have some doubt that the new teaching method will be effective in improving students’ grades.
The suggestion which we should hold a class meeting to discuss the problem was put forward by Tom.
There is no news if our school will participate in the national English speech contest.
The fact when he won the first prize in the math competition surprised his parents.
The teacher told us the truth what practice makes perfect in learning a foreign language.
The proposal that we must finish the project within a week was rejected by the team.
The question if we should ask for help from other classes is still under discussion.
The belief why hard work can change one’s life has always guided him.
The announcement which the school will close early tomorrow due to bad weather is true.
IV. 句型转换
第一部分：应用文场景（书信、通知、建议信等）
The student union put forward a suggestion. We should donate books to the children in poor mountainous areas.（要求：合并为含同位语从句的句子 ——“建议信” 正文）
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Our school made an announcement. All students need to register for the summer camp before June 10th.（要求：改为含 it 作形式主语的句子 ——“夏令营通知”）
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There is a question. Will our class win the “Excellent Class” award this semester （要求：合并为含 whether 引导同位语从句的句子 ——“班级评优讨论稿”）
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The teacher gave us advice. We should review what we’ve learned every day.（要求：改为含 that 引导同位语从句的句子，突出 “建议的重要性”——“学习方法指导信”）
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The committee made a decision. The school sports meeting will be held on October 20th.（要求：合并为含同位语从句的句子 ——“运动会筹备会议纪要”）
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第二部分：读后续写场景（情感、动作、场景描写）
The little girl had a wish. She could receive a handmade doll as her birthday gift.（要求：合并为含 that 引导同位语从句的句子，强化 “期待感”—— 读后续写 “心理描写”）
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Tom heard a piece of news. His best friend would transfer to another school next month.（要求：合并为含 that 引导同位语从句的句子，突出 “悲伤感”—— 读后续写 “情感转折”）
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The hiker had a doubt. Could he find the way back to the campsite before dark （要求：合并为含 whether 引导同位语从句的句子，渲染 “紧张氛围”—— 读后续写 “危机场景”）
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Grandma shared a memory. She used to pick wild flowers with her sister in the field when she was young.（要求：合并为含 that 引导同位语从句的句子，增加 “细节描写”—— 读后续写 “回忆场景”）
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Lily had a belief. Her efforts would finally help her pass the piano grade exam.（要求：合并为含 that 引导同位语从句的句子，强化 “坚定感”—— 读后续写 “成长场景”）
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V. 句子翻译（共 20 题）
第一部分：应用文场景（书信、通知、建议信等）
我们收到了学校将在下学期开设人工智能选修课的通知。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“选课咨询信”）
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关于我们是否应该在周末组织一次社区服务活动的问题，仍需进一步讨论。（whether 引导同位语从句 ——“志愿者活动策划书”）
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专家提出了我们应该加强青少年传统文化教育的建议。（that 引导同位语从句，虚拟语气 ——“文化教育建议报告”）
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没有消息表明这场因暴雨取消的运动会将何时重新举办。（when 引导同位语从句 ——“运动会调整通知”）
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家长们对学校将改善食堂卫生条件的承诺感到满意。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“家长反馈信”）
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关于谁将负责这次校园歌手大赛的主持工作，目前还没有决定。（who 引导同位语从句 ——“大赛筹备会议纪要”）
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老师强调了我们在写英语作文时必须注意语法正确性的重要性。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“写作指导通知”）
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公司给出了他们将为我校毕业生提供实习机会的承诺。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“校企合作意向书”）
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关于我们能否在月底前完成这个科研项目的疑问，让大家都很焦虑。（whether 引导同位语从句 ——“项目进度报告”）
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校长在会上宣布了学校将新建一栋艺术楼的决定。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“校园建设规划通知”）
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第二部分：读后续写场景（情感、动作、场景描写）
男孩听到他的画作获得全国青少年美术大赛一等奖的消息时，激动得说不出话来。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“成长类读后续写 情感升华”）
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小女孩有一个梦想，那就是有一天能和她最喜欢的动画角色见面。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“温情类读后续写 心理描写”）
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登山者们不确定他们能否在天黑前到达山顶的疑问，让整个队伍都陷入了紧张。（whether 引导同位语从句 ——“冒险类读后续写 危机场景”）
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老奶奶分享了她年轻时在这条小河边和朋友们一起洗衣服、讲故事的回忆。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“怀旧类读后续写 回忆场景”）
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消防员们有一个信念，那就是他们一定能救出被困在着火大楼里的所有居民。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“英雄类读后续写 坚定信念”）
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小明不知道他种的向日葵能否在寒冷的冬天存活下来的担忧，让他每天都去花园查看。（whether 引导同位语从句 ——“成长类读后续写 细节描写”）
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女孩收到笔友寄来的信，信中说笔友下个月将来她的城市旅游，她开心地跳了起来。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“友情类读后续写 惊喜场景”）
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老人有一个疑问，那就是他昨天在公园丢失的老花镜是否还能找回来。（whether 引导同位语从句 ——“生活类读后续写 冲突场景”）
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护士告诉病人，只要他按时服药，身体很快就能康复的消息让他安心了许多。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“温情类读后续写 安慰场景”）
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孩子们好奇星星为什么会在夜空中闪烁的问题，让老师耐心地给他们讲解了天文知识。（why 引导同位语从句 ——“科普类读后续写 求知场景”）
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VI. 短文填空（共 2 篇，每篇 10 空）
短文 1：校园 “传统文化月” 活动筹备
Our school plans to hold a “Traditional Culture Month” next semester to help students learn more about Chinese traditional culture. The organizing committee has received the proposal 1. __________ we (should) invite craftsmen of paper - cutting and shadow puppetry to the school for skill demonstrations. However, they haven’t decided 2. __________ the craftsmen will be available during that period.
The student union is also involved in the preparation. They are discussing the question 3. __________ kinds of interactive activities they should design, such as making paper - cutting works or learning shadow puppetry performance. The union president said 4. __________ the key goal of these activities is to arouse students’ interest in traditional culture.
Another important issue is 5. __________ to evaluate the effect of the “Traditional Culture Month” after it ends. The head teacher put forward the idea 6. __________ teachers can collect students’ feedback through questionnaires and interviews. There is also a doubt 7. __________ the school can provide enough materials for the interactive activities, such as colored paper and shadow puppetry tools.
The financial department needs to confirm the fact 8. __________ the school has allocated enough funds for this event. The committee chairman expressed the belief 9. __________ this event will not only enrich students’ after - school life but also help them inherit traditional culture. Finally, everyone is looking forward to the day 10. __________ the “Traditional Culture Month” will officially start.
短文 2：“校园读书节” 活动组织
To encourage students to read more books, our school is going to organize a “Campus Reading Festival” this month. The teaching department has put forward the suggestion 1. __________ each class should set up a “class book corner” to share books. They are now discussing the question 2. __________ books should be selected—classic literature or popular science books.
The library staff is considering the problem 3. __________ they can provide enough books for the festival. They have also made the plan 4. __________ they will hold a book exchange activity where students can swap their used books. There is a common hope among students 5. __________ the reading festival will include a “book recommendation speech” competition.
The teacher in charge shared the experience 6. __________ reading can improve students’ critical thinking and expression abilities. However, there is some uncertainty 7. __________ the festival will be affected by the upcoming mid - term exams. The student representative proposed the idea 8. __________ the festival can be held after the exams if necessary.
The school principal announced the decision 9. __________ the opening ceremony of the reading festival will be held next Monday morning. He also expressed the expectation 10. __________ all students will actively participate in the festival and develop a good reading habit.高中英语语法精练（4） — 同位语从句（解析版）
I. 同位语从句识别与分析
请找出下列句子中的同位语从句，标注其修饰的名词（先行名词），并分析引导词的作用及从句成分（主语、谓语、宾语等是否完整）。
The fact that more and more high school students are paying attention to mental health has attracted widespread social concern.
We all agree with the suggestion that our class should organize a spring outing to the botanical garden next month.
There is a common question among students whether they should spend more time on extracurricular activities or focus entirely on academic studies.
The teacher explained the reason that we need to master basic grammar rules before learning advanced English writing skills.
The news that our school’s debate team won the national championship spread quickly throughout the campus.
答案及解析
同位语从句：that more and more high school students are paying attention to mental health
先行名词：the fact（表 “事实”，常接同位语从句解释事实内容）
引导词作用：that 无实际意义，仅起连接作用，不充当从句成分
从句成分：完整（主语：more and more high school students；谓语：are paying attention to；宾语：mental health）
同位语从句：that our class should organize a spring outing to the botanical garden next month
先行名词：the suggestion（表 “建议”，后接同位语从句常用虚拟语气）
引导词作用：that 无实际意义，连接先行名词与从句，不充当成分
从句成分：完整（主语：our class；谓语：should organize；宾语：a spring outing；状语：to the botanical garden next month）
同位语从句：whether they should spend more time on extracurricular activities or focus entirely on academic studies
先行名词：a common question（表 “问题”，常接 whether 引导的同位语从句表 “是否”）
引导词作用：whether 表 “是否”，不充当从句成分，不可替换为 if（if 不能引导同位语从句）
从句成分：完整（主语：they；谓语：should spend/focus；宾语：more time/entirely；状语：on extracurricular activities/on academic studies）
同位语从句：that we need to master basic grammar rules before learning advanced English writing skills
先行名词：the reason（表 “原因”，同位语从句用 that 引导，不可用 because）
引导词作用：that 无实际意义，连接先行名词与从句，不充当成分
从句成分：完整（主语：we；谓语：need to master；宾语：basic grammar rules；状语：before learning...skills）
同位语从句：that our school’s debate team won the national championship
先行名词：the news（表 “消息”，常接同位语从句解释消息内容）
引导词作用：that 无实际意义，仅起连接作用，不充当从句成分
从句成分：完整（主语：our school’s debate team；谓语：won；宾语：the national championship）
II. 语法填空
请根据句意及同位语从句语法规则，填入适当的引导词或动词正确形式。
第一组（基础练习）
The decision __________ the school will postpone the mid-term exam due to the sudden flu outbreak has been announced.
We have no doubt __________ regular reading can improve our vocabulary and reading comprehension.
The proposal __________ students (should) take turns to manage the class library was supported by all teachers.
There is some uncertainty __________ the international exchange program will start as scheduled next semester.
The teacher shared the experience __________ she had overcome difficulties in learning English when she was a student.
The question __________ will be in charge of the school’s 70th anniversary celebration is still under discussion.
The belief __________ hard work leads to success has always encouraged me to keep going.
The notice __________ all students must wear school uniforms on Monday morning is posted on the bulletin board.
We are curious about the news __________ a new English corner will be set up in our school next week.
The advice __________ we should practice listening to English news every day is very useful for our exam preparation.
There is a heated discussion about the issue __________ mobile phones should be allowed in classroom.
The fact __________ our school ranked first in the regional academic competition made all of us proud.
The plan __________ we will visit the local science museum during the winter vacation needs to be confirmed.
The doubt __________ he can finish the challenging project on time worries his group members.
The announcement __________ the school will hold a charity sale to help poor students was welcomed by parents.
The question __________ we can get enough books for the class reading activity remains to be solved.
The suggestion __________ the school cafeteria should provide more healthy food options was put forward by the student union.
The truth __________ English is a bridge to the world is widely recognized by educators.
There is no information __________ the school bus will arrive at the station this afternoon.
The idea __________ we can organize a online study group to share notes is worth trying.
答案及解析
答案：that
考点：引导词（先行名词为 decision，表 “决定”，同位语从句成分完整，用 that 连接，无实际意义）
句意：学校因突发流感而推迟期中考试的决定已公布。
答案：that
考点：引导词（doubt 用于否定句时，同位语从句用 that 引导；肯定句用 whether）
句意：我们毫不怀疑，定期阅读能提升词汇量和阅读理解能力。
答案：that
考点：虚拟语气（先行名词为 proposal，表 “提议”，同位语从句需用 “(should)+ 动词原形”，that 起连接作用）
句意：学生轮流管理班级图书馆的提议得到了所有老师的支持。
答案：whether
考点：引导词（先行名词为 uncertainty，表 “不确定”，需用 whether 表 “是否”，不可用 if）
句意：国际交流项目是否会在下学期如期启动，目前仍存在不确定性。
答案：that
考点：引导词（先行名词为 experience，表 “经历”，同位语从句成分完整，用 that 连接）
句意：老师分享了她学生时代克服英语学习困难的经历。
答案：who
考点：引导词（同位语从句缺少主语，且指人，用 who 引导）
句意：谁将负责学校 70 周年校庆活动的问题仍在讨论中。
答案：that
考点：引导词（先行名词为 belief，表 “信念”，同位语从句成分完整，用 that 连接）
句意：“努力终将成功” 的信念一直激励我坚持下去。
答案：that
考点：引导词（先行名词为 notice，表 “通知”，同位语从句解释通知内容，成分完整，用 that 连接）
句意：“所有学生周一上午必须穿校服” 的通知已贴在布告栏上。
答案：that
考点：引导词（先行名词为 news，表 “消息”，同位语从句解释消息内容，成分完整，用 that 连接）
句意：我们对学校下周将设立新英语角的消息感到好奇。
答案：that
考点：虚拟语气（先行名词为 advice，表 “建议”，同位语从句用 “(should)+ 动词原形”，that 起连接作用）
句意：“我们应每天练习听英语新闻” 的建议对备考非常有用。
答案：whether
考点：引导词（先行名词为 issue，表 “问题”，需用 whether 表 “是否”，不可用 if）
句意：关于教室是否应允许使用手机的问题，人们展开了热烈讨论。
答案：that
考点：引导词（先行名词为 fact，表 “事实”，同位语从句成分完整，用 that 连接）
句意：我校在地区学业竞赛中排名第一的事实让我们所有人都感到自豪。
答案：that
考点：引导词（先行名词为 plan，表 “计划”，同位语从句解释计划内容，成分完整，用 that 连接）
句意：我们寒假期间参观当地科技馆的计划有待确认。
答案：whether
考点：引导词（doubt 用于肯定句时，同位语从句用 whether 表 “是否”）
句意：他能否按时完成这个有挑战性的项目，这一疑问让他的组员们很担心。
答案：that
考点：引导词（先行名词为 announcement，表 “公告”，同位语从句成分完整，用 that 连接）
句意：学校将举办慈善义卖帮助贫困学生的公告受到了家长们的欢迎。
答案：whether
考点：引导词（先行名词为 question，表 “问题”，需用 whether 表 “是否”，不可用 if）
句意：我们能否为班级阅读活动筹集到足够书籍的问题仍需解决。
答案：that
考点：虚拟语气（先行名词为 suggestion，表 “建议”，同位语从句用 “(should)+ 动词原形”，that 起连接作用）
句意：学生会提出了 “学校食堂应提供更多健康食品选择” 的建议。
答案：that
考点：引导词（先行名词为 truth，表 “真理”，同位语从句成分完整，用 that 连接）
句意：“英语是通往世界的桥梁” 这一真理得到了教育工作者的广泛认可。
答案：when
考点：引导词（同位语从句缺少时间状语，用 when 表 “何时”）
句意：目前没有关于校车今天下午何时到达车站的信息。
答案：that
考点：引导词（先行名词为 idea，表 “想法”，同位语从句成分完整，用 that 连接）
句意：“我们可以组织线上学习小组分享笔记” 的想法值得一试。
第二组（进阶练习）
The school administration hasn’t finalized the decision __________ the annual international cultural exchange week will be held—whether in October or November.
The medical team published a report on the finding __________ a new drug derived from traditional Chinese medicine can effectively inhibit the growth of cancer cells without severe side effects.
The students are discussing the topic __________ they should choose as the theme for their graduation thesis—sustainable development or cultural heritage protection.
The government released a white paper outlining the strategy __________ the country will achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 through promoting renewable energy and optimizing industrial layout.
The environmentalists raised a doubt __________ the newly launched plastic - reduction policy can truly reduce the amount of plastic waste in urban areas within two years.
The scholars are studying the phenomenon __________ young people are increasingly inclined to pursue freelance careers instead of traditional full - time jobs.
The scientific community was shocked by the breakthrough __________ researchers had successfully developed a new type of energy - storage battery with a lifespan three times longer than traditional ones.
The conference attendees debated the question __________ artificial intelligence should be granted certain legal rights to protect its creative outputs, such as artworks and literary works.
The local residents expressed their curiosity about the plan __________ the old historical district will be renovated while preserving its original architectural style.
The museum curator explained the reason __________ the precious ancient porcelain exhibition was temporarily closed: the humidity in the exhibition hall exceeded the safe standard.
The educational expert emphasized the significance of the concept __________ interdisciplinary learning can help students develop comprehensive thinking abilities to adapt to complex social challenges.
The company’s board of directors approved the initiative __________ it will invest 500 million yuan in independent research and development to break the technological monopoly of foreign enterprises.
The urban planners are designing a scheme __________ to improve the traffic congestion in the city center—by building more subways or optimizing bus routes.
The professor put forward a hypothesis __________ the decline in adolescent reading ability is closely related to the excessive use of short - form video platforms.
The research team is exploring the problem __________ can effectively solve the data security risks brought by the rapid development of the Internet of Things.
The startup founder shared his vision __________ the company will expand its business to Southeast Asian markets by establishing strategic partnerships with local enterprises.
There is an urgent need to address the issue __________ the gap between urban and rural education resources is widening, which may affect social equity in the long run.
The international organization issued a warning about the potential risk __________ the spread of invasive species will cause irreversible damage to the local ecological balance.
The archaeologists made an announcement about the discovery __________ an ancient civilization dating back 5,000 years had existed in the coastal area, challenging previous historical theories.
There is a growing consensus among economists __________ digital transformation will reshape the global industrial structure and create new economic growth points in the next decade.
答案及解析
答案：when
句意：学校行政部门尚未确定年度国际文化交流周的举办时间 —— 是十月还是十一月。
解析：先行名词为 “decision”（决定），从句缺少时间状语（需表达 “何时举办”），when 在此引导同位语从句，既充当从句的时间状语，又精准匹配句中 “十月或十一月” 的时间选择语境。
答案：that
句意：医疗团队发表研究发现，即一种源自中药的新药能有效抑制癌细胞生长且无严重副作用。
解析：先行名词为 “finding”（发现），从句 “a new drug derived from traditional Chinese medicine can effectively inhibit...” 是医疗发现的核心内容，从句成分完整，that 连接符合医疗研究报告的严谨性要求。
答案：what
句意：学生们正在讨论毕业论文应选择什么主题 —— 是可持续发展还是文化遗产保护。
解析：先行名词为 “topic”（主题），从句缺少宾语（“选择的内容”），what 在此引导同位语从句，既充当从句宾语（“什么主题”），又匹配 “在两个主题中选择” 的语境。
答案：that
句意：政府发布白皮书，阐述该国将通过推广可再生能源与优化产业布局，于 2060 年实现碳中和的战略。
解析：先行名词为 “strategy”（战略），从句 “the country will achieve carbon neutrality...” 详细说明战略的具体内容，从句主谓宾结构完整，用 that 连接契合政府政策文件庄重、严谨的语气。
答案：whether
句意：环保人士对新推出的减塑政策能否在两年内真正减少城市塑料垃圾量提出疑问。
解析：先行名词为 “doubt”（疑问），且 “doubt” 用于肯定句时，其后同位语从句需用 whether 表 “是否”（否定句用 that），此处 whether 既体现 “政策能否见效” 的疑问，又符合 “提出质疑” 的语境。
答案：why
句意：学者们正在研究年轻人为何越来越倾向于从事自由职业而非传统全职工作这一现象。
解析：先行名词为 “phenomenon”（现象），从句缺少原因状语（需表达 “倾向自由职业的原因”），why 在此引导同位语从句，既充当从句的原因状语，又契合 “研究现象背后原因” 的学术语境。
答案：that
句意：研究人员成功研发出寿命为传统电池三倍的新型储能电池，这一突破令科学界震惊。
解析：先行名词为 “breakthrough”（突破），同位语从句 “researchers had successfully developed...” 成分完整（主语、谓语、宾语均不缺失），此时需用 that 连接，that 无实际意义，仅起连接先行名词与从句的作用，符合科技领域客观陈述重大发现的语境。
答案：whether
句意：与会者就人工智能是否应被赋予特定法律权利以保护其创作成果（如艺术品和文学作品）展开辩论。
解析：先行名词为 “question”（问题），从句表达 “是否” 的疑问含义，且同位语从句中表 “是否” 需用 whether（不可用 if），此处 whether 既体现从句的疑问语气，又符合学术辩论的语境需求。
答案：how
句意：当地居民对如何在保护老城区原有建筑风格的同时进行翻新的计划表示好奇。
解析：先行名词为 “plan”（计划），从句缺少方式状语（需表达 “如何翻新”），how 在此引导同位语从句，既充当从句的方式状语，又匹配 “保护风格的同时翻新” 的方式疑问语境。
答案：why
句意：博物馆馆长解释了珍贵古瓷展临时关闭的原因：展厅湿度超过了安全标准。
解析：先行名词为 “reason”（原因），从句缺少原因状语（需表达 “关闭的原因”），why 在此引导同位语从句，既充当从句的原因状语，又与后文 “湿度超标” 的原因解释相呼应。
答案：that
句意：教育专家强调跨学科学习有助于学生培养综合思维能力以适应复杂社会挑战这一理念的重要性。
解析：先行名词为 “concept”（理念），从句 “interdisciplinary learning can help students develop comprehensive thinking abilities...” 阐释 “理念” 的内涵，从句成分完整，that 连接体现教育领域探讨理念时的专业性。
答案：that
句意：公司董事会批准一项举措，即投入 5 亿元用于自主研发，以打破外国企业的技术垄断。
解析：先行名词为 “initiative”（举措），从句 “it will invest 500 million yuan in independent research and development...” 说明 “举措” 的具体细节，从句成分完整，that 连接符合企业决策表述的正式性。
答案：how
句意：城市规划者正在设计如何改善市中心交通拥堵的方案 —— 是修建更多地铁还是优化公交路线。
解析：先行名词为 “scheme”（方案），从句缺少方式状语（需表达 “如何改善拥堵”），how 在此引导同位语从句，既充当从句的方式状语，又匹配 “建地铁或优化公交” 的方式选择语境。
答案：that
句意：教授提出假设，即青少年阅读能力下降与短视频平台过度使用密切相关。
解析：先行名词为 “hypothesis”（假设），从句 “the decline in adolescent reading ability is closely related...” 是 “假设” 的核心内容，从句成分完整，that 在此仅起连接作用，无实际意义，符合学术研究中提出观点的逻辑。
答案：who
句意：研究团队正探索谁能有效解决物联网快速发展带来的数据安全风险这一问题。
解析：先行名词为 “problem”（问题），从句缺少主语，且主语指代人（“解决风险的主体”），who 在此引导同位语从句，既充当从句主语，又契合 “探索解决问题的主体” 的语境。
答案：that
句意：初创公司创始人分享了通过与当地企业建立战略伙伴关系，将业务拓展至东南亚市场的愿景。
解析：先行名词为 “vision”（愿景），从句 “the company will expand its business to Southeast Asian markets...” 阐述 “愿景” 的具体内容，从句成分完整，that 连接体现创业者表述未来规划的正式性。
答案：that
句意：迫切需要解决城乡教育资源差距扩大的问题，长期来看这可能影响社会公平。
解析：先行名词为 “issue”（问题），从句 “the gap between urban and rural education resources is widening...” 点明 “问题” 的核心，从句成分完整，用 that 连接契合社会问题讨论的庄重氛围。
答案：that
句意：该国际组织发布警告，指出入侵物种传播可能对当地生态平衡造成不可逆破坏的潜在风险。
解析：先行名词为 “risk”（风险），从句 “the spread of invasive species will cause...” 具体解释 “风险” 的内容，从句成分完整，用 that 连接可体现国际组织发布警示时的严肃与客观性。
答案：that
句意：考古学家宣布一项发现，即在沿海地区曾存在可追溯至 5000 年前的古老文明，这一发现挑战了以往历史理论。
解析：先行名词为 “discovery”（发现），从句 “an ancient civilization dating back 5,000 years had existed...” 是 “发现” 的具体内容，从句成分完整，that 连接符合考古领域客观陈述新发现的语境。
答案：that
句意：经济学家们日益达成共识，即数字化转型将重塑全球产业结构，并在未来十年创造新经济增长点。
解析：先行名词为 “consensus”（共识），从句 “digital transformation will reshape...” 是对 “共识” 内容的具体阐释，从句成分完整，用 that 连接可体现学术领域表述共识时的正式与严谨性。
III. 单句改错（共 10 题，每句 1 处错误）
The reason why he was late for class is because he missed the early bus.
We have some doubt that the new teaching method will be effective in improving students’ grades.
The suggestion which we should hold a class meeting to discuss the problem was put forward by Tom.
There is no news if our school will participate in the national English speech contest.
The fact when he won the first prize in the math competition surprised his parents.
The teacher told us the truth what practice makes perfect in learning a foreign language.
The proposal that we must finish the project within a week was rejected by the team.
The question if we should ask for help from other classes is still under discussion.
The belief why hard work can change one’s life has always guided him.
The announcement which the school will close early tomorrow due to bad weather is true.
答案及解析
错误：because→that
解析：先行名词为 the reason 时，同位语从句需用 that 引导，不可用 because（because 引导原因状语从句）。
错误：that→whether
解析：doubt 用于肯定句时，同位语从句表 “是否” 需用 whether；否定句 / 疑问句用 that。
错误：which→that
解析：先行名词为 suggestion（表 “建议”），同位语从句成分完整，需用 that 连接，不可用 which（which 引导定语从句时需在从句中充当成分）。
错误：if→whether
解析：同位语从句表 “是否” 时，只能用 whether，不可用 if（if 不能引导同位语从句）。
错误：when→that
解析：先行名词为 the fact，同位语从句 “he won the first prize...” 成分完整，用 that 连接；when 表 “何时”，此处无需时间状语。
错误：what→that
解析：先行名词为 the truth，同位语从句 “practice makes perfect...” 成分完整，用 that 连接；what 需在从句中充当成分，此处无需。
错误：must→should 或去掉 must
解析：先行名词为 proposal（表 “提议”），同位语从句需用 “(should)+ 动词原形” 的虚拟语气，不可用 must。
错误：if→whether
解析：同位语从句表 “是否” 时，只能用 whether，不可用 if（if 仅可引导宾语从句表 “是否”）。
错误：why→that
解析：先行名词为 the belief，同位语从句 “hard work can change one’s life” 成分完整，用 that 连接；why 表 “为什么”，此处无需原因状语。
错误：which→that
解析：先行名词为 announcement（表 “公告”），同位语从句成分完整，用 that 连接；which 引导定语从句时需在从句中充当成分，此处无需。
IV. 句型转换
第一部分：应用文场景（书信、通知、建议信等）
The student union put forward a suggestion. We should donate books to the children in poor mountainous areas.（要求：合并为含同位语从句的句子 ——“建议信” 正文）
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Our school made an announcement. All students need to register for the summer camp before June 10th.（要求：改为含 it 作形式主语的句子 ——“夏令营通知”）
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There is a question. Will our class win the “Excellent Class” award this semester （要求：合并为含 whether 引导同位语从句的句子 ——“班级评优讨论稿”）
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The teacher gave us advice. We should review what we’ve learned every day.（要求：改为含 that 引导同位语从句的句子，突出 “建议的重要性”——“学习方法指导信”）
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The committee made a decision. The school sports meeting will be held on October 20th.（要求：合并为含同位语从句的句子 ——“运动会筹备会议纪要”）
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第二部分：读后续写场景（情感、动作、场景描写）
The little girl had a wish. She could receive a handmade doll as her birthday gift.（要求：合并为含 that 引导同位语从句的句子，强化 “期待感”—— 读后续写 “心理描写”）
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Tom heard a piece of news. His best friend would transfer to another school next month.（要求：合并为含 that 引导同位语从句的句子，突出 “悲伤感”—— 读后续写 “情感转折”）
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The hiker had a doubt. Could he find the way back to the campsite before dark （要求：合并为含 whether 引导同位语从句的句子，渲染 “紧张氛围”—— 读后续写 “危机场景”）
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Grandma shared a memory. She used to pick wild flowers with her sister in the field when she was young.（要求：合并为含 that 引导同位语从句的句子，增加 “细节描写”—— 读后续写 “回忆场景”）
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Lily had a belief. Her efforts would finally help her pass the piano grade exam.（要求：合并为含 that 引导同位语从句的句子，强化 “坚定感”—— 读后续写 “成长场景”）
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答案及解析
第一部分：应用文场景
→ The student union put forward the suggestion that we should donate books to the children in poor mountainous areas.
解析：先行名词为 suggestion，同位语从句用 that 连接，符合 “建议信” 中提出具体建议的语境，且遵循虚拟语气规则。
→ It was announced by our school that all students need to register for the summer camp before June 10th.
解析：用 it 作形式主语，替代 that 引导的同位语从句（避免句子头重脚轻），符合 “通知” 的正式语气。
→ There is a question whether our class will win the “Excellent Class” award this semester.
解析：先行名词为 question，用 whether 引导同位语从句表 “是否”，不可用 if，符合 “班级评优讨论” 的疑问语境。
→ The teacher gave us the important advice that we should review what we’ve learned every day.
解析：在 advice 前加形容词 important 突出建议的重要性，同位语从句用 that 连接并保留虚拟语气，符合 “学习方法指导” 的目的。
→ The committee made the decision that the school sports meeting will be held on October 20th.
解析：先行名词为 decision，同位语从句用 that 连接，解释决定的具体内容，符合 “会议纪要” 的客观陈述语气。
第二部分：读后续写场景
→ The little girl held a strong wish that she could receive a handmade doll, which her mother had promised to make, as her tenth birthday gift.
解析：加 strong 强化 “期待感”，用非限制性定语从句补充 doll 的细节，同位语从句用 that 连接，丰富心理描写层次。
→ Tom heard the sad news that his best friend, who had studied with him for five years, would transfer to another school next month.
解析：加 sad 突出 “悲伤感”，用非限制性定语从句补充 friend 的背景，同位语从句用 that 连接，增强情感转折的感染力。
→ The hiker, who was running out of water, had a doubt whether he could find the way back to the campsite before dark, and his hands began to shake.
解析：加 “running out of water” 渲染 “紧张氛围”，用 and 连接动作描写，同位语从句用 whether 表 “是否”，符合危机场景的紧迫感。
→ Grandma, with a smile on her face, shared a sweet memory that she used to pick wild flowers with her sister in the green field when she was a teenager.
解析：加 “with a smile”“green”“teenager” 增加细节描写，用 sweet 修饰 memory 突出怀旧感，同位语从句用 that 连接，让回忆场景更生动。
→ Lily had a firm belief that her efforts—practicing the piano for two hours every day—would finally help her pass the piano grade exam.
解析：加 firm 强化 “坚定感”，用破折号补充 efforts 的具体内容，同位语从句用 that 连接，体现成长过程中的坚持。
V. 句子翻译（共 20 题）
第一部分：应用文场景（书信、通知、建议信等）
我们收到了学校将在下学期开设人工智能选修课的通知。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“选课咨询信”）
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关于我们是否应该在周末组织一次社区服务活动的问题，仍需进一步讨论。（whether 引导同位语从句 ——“志愿者活动策划书”）
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专家提出了我们应该加强青少年传统文化教育的建议。（that 引导同位语从句，虚拟语气 ——“文化教育建议报告”）
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没有消息表明这场因暴雨取消的运动会将何时重新举办。（when 引导同位语从句 ——“运动会调整通知”）
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家长们对学校将改善食堂卫生条件的承诺感到满意。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“家长反馈信”）
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关于谁将负责这次校园歌手大赛的主持工作，目前还没有决定。（who 引导同位语从句 ——“大赛筹备会议纪要”）
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老师强调了我们在写英语作文时必须注意语法正确性的重要性。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“写作指导通知”）
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公司给出了他们将为我校毕业生提供实习机会的承诺。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“校企合作意向书”）
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关于我们能否在月底前完成这个科研项目的疑问，让大家都很焦虑。（whether 引导同位语从句 ——“项目进度报告”）
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校长在会上宣布了学校将新建一栋艺术楼的决定。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“校园建设规划通知”）
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第二部分：读后续写场景（情感、动作、场景描写）
男孩听到他的画作获得全国青少年美术大赛一等奖的消息时，激动得说不出话来。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“成长类读后续写 情感升华”）
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小女孩有一个梦想，那就是有一天能和她最喜欢的动画角色见面。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“温情类读后续写 心理描写”）
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登山者们不确定他们能否在天黑前到达山顶的疑问，让整个队伍都陷入了紧张。（whether 引导同位语从句 ——“冒险类读后续写 危机场景”）
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老奶奶分享了她年轻时在这条小河边和朋友们一起洗衣服、讲故事的回忆。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“怀旧类读后续写 回忆场景”）
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消防员们有一个信念，那就是他们一定能救出被困在着火大楼里的所有居民。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“英雄类读后续写 坚定信念”）
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小明不知道他种的向日葵能否在寒冷的冬天存活下来的担忧，让他每天都去花园查看。（whether 引导同位语从句 ——“成长类读后续写 细节描写”）
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女孩收到笔友寄来的信，信中说笔友下个月将来她的城市旅游，她开心地跳了起来。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“友情类读后续写 惊喜场景”）
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老人有一个疑问，那就是他昨天在公园丢失的老花镜是否还能找回来。（whether 引导同位语从句 ——“生活类读后续写 冲突场景”）
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护士告诉病人，只要他按时服药，身体很快就能康复的消息让他安心了许多。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“温情类读后续写 安慰场景”）
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孩子们好奇星星为什么会在夜空中闪烁的问题，让老师耐心地给他们讲解了天文知识。（why 引导同位语从句 ——“科普类读后续写 求知场景”）
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参考答案
We have received the notice that our school will offer an optional course on artificial intelligence next semester.
The question whether we should organize a community service activity on weekends needs further discussion.
Experts put forward the suggestion that we (should) strengthen the education of traditional culture for teenagers.
There is no news when the sports meeting, which was canceled due to heavy rain, will be held again.
Parents are satisfied with the school’s promise that it will improve the hygiene conditions of the cafeteria.
There is no decision yet about who will be in charge of hosting this campus singer competition.
The teacher emphasized the importance of the fact that we must pay attention to grammatical correctness when writing English compositions.
The company gave the commitment that it will provide internship opportunities for the graduates of our school.
The doubt whether we can complete this scientific research project before the end of the month makes everyone anxious.
The principal announced the decision at the meeting that the school will build a new art building.
When the boy heard the news that his painting won the first prize in the national youth art competition, he was too excited to speak.
The little girl has a dream that she can meet her favorite cartoon character one day.
The doubt whether they can reach the top of the mountain before dark made the whole team of mountaineers fall into tension.
The old grandmother shared the memory that she used to wash clothes and tell stories with her friends by this small river when she was young.
The firefighters have a belief that they will definitely rescue all the residents trapped in the burning building.
Xiao Ming’s worry whether the sunflower he planted can survive the cold winter makes him go to the garden to check every day.
The girl received a letter from her pen pal, and the news that her pen pal will come to her city for a trip next month made her jump with joy.
The old man has a doubt whether the reading glasses he lost in the park yesterday can be found.
The nurse told the patient the news that his body will recover soon as long as he takes the medicine on time, which made him feel much more at ease.
The children’s question why the stars twinkle in the night sky made the teacher patiently explain astronomical knowledge to them.
VI. 短文填空（共 2 篇，每篇 10 空）
短文 1：校园 “传统文化月” 活动筹备
Our school plans to hold a “Traditional Culture Month” next semester to help students learn more about Chinese traditional culture. The organizing committee has received the proposal 1. __________ we (should) invite craftsmen of paper - cutting and shadow puppetry to the school for skill demonstrations. However, they haven’t decided 2. __________ the craftsmen will be available during that period.
The student union is also involved in the preparation. They are discussing the question 3. __________ kinds of interactive activities they should design, such as making paper - cutting works or learning shadow puppetry performance. The union president said 4. __________ the key goal of these activities is to arouse students’ interest in traditional culture.
Another important issue is 5. __________ to evaluate the effect of the “Traditional Culture Month” after it ends. The head teacher put forward the idea 6. __________ teachers can collect students’ feedback through questionnaires and interviews. There is also a doubt 7. __________ the school can provide enough materials for the interactive activities, such as colored paper and shadow puppetry tools.
The financial department needs to confirm the fact 8. __________ the school has allocated enough funds for this event. The committee chairman expressed the belief 9. __________ this event will not only enrich students’ after - school life but also help them inherit traditional culture. Finally, everyone is looking forward to the day 10. __________ the “Traditional Culture Month” will officially start.
短文 2：“校园读书节” 活动组织
To encourage students to read more books, our school is going to organize a “Campus Reading Festival” this month. The teaching department has put forward the suggestion 1. __________ each class should set up a “class book corner” to share books. They are now discussing the question 2. __________ books should be selected—classic literature or popular science books.
The library staff is considering the problem 3. __________ they can provide enough books for the festival. They have also made the plan 4. __________ they will hold a book exchange activity where students can swap their used books. There is a common hope among students 5. __________ the reading festival will include a “book recommendation speech” competition.
The teacher in charge shared the experience 6. __________ reading can improve students’ critical thinking and expression abilities. However, there is some uncertainty 7. __________ the festival will be affected by the upcoming mid - term exams. The student representative proposed the idea 8. __________ the festival can be held after the exams if necessary.
The school principal announced the decision 9. __________ the opening ceremony of the reading festival will be held next Monday morning. He also expressed the expectation 10. __________ all students will actively participate in the festival and develop a good reading habit.
答案及解析
短文 1：校园 “传统文化月” 活动筹备
答案：that
考点：虚拟语气（先行名词为 proposal，表 “提议”，同位语从句用 “(should)+ 动词原形”，that 起连接作用）
答案：whether
考点：引导词（表 “工匠是否有空”，先行名词为 decision，用 whether 表 “是否”）
答案：what
考点：引导词（从句缺少定语，修饰 kinds of activities，用 what 表 “什么种类的”）
答案：that
考点：引导词（宾语从句成分完整，用 that 连接，解释 president 的表述内容）
答案：how
考点：引导词（表 “如何评估效果”，从句缺少方式状语，用 how）
答案：that
考点：引导词（先行名词为 idea，表 “想法”，同位语从句成分完整，用 that 连接）
答案：whether
考点：引导词（表 “学校是否能提供足够材料”，先行名词为 doubt，肯定句用 whether）
答案：that
考点：引导词（先行名词为 fact，表 “事实”，同位语从句成分完整，用 that 连接）
答案：that
考点：引导词（先行名词为 belief，表 “信念”，同位语从句成分完整，用 that 连接）
答案：when
考点：引导词（先行名词为 the day，表 “时间”，同位语从句缺少时间状语，用 when）
短文 2：“校园读书节” 活动组织
答案：that
考点：虚拟语气（先行名词为 suggestion，表 “建议”，同位语从句用 “(should)+ 动词原形”，that 起连接作用）
答案：what
考点：引导词（表 “选择什么类型的书”，从句缺少定语，修饰 books，用 what）
答案：whether
考点：引导词（表 “图书馆是否能提供足够书籍”，先行名词为 problem，用 whether 表 “是否”）
答案：that
考点：引导词（先行名词为 plan，表 “计划”，同位语从句成分完整，用 that 连接）
答案：that
考点：引导词（先行名词为 hope，表 “希望”，同位语从句成分完整，用 that 连接）
答案：that
考点：引导词（先行名词为 experience，表 “经验”，同位语从句成分完整，用 that 连接）
答案：whether
考点：引导词（表 “读书节是否会受期中考试影响”，先行名词为 uncertainty，用 whether 表 “是否”）
答案：that
考点：引导词（先行名词为 idea，表 “想法”，同位语从句成分完整，用 that 连接）
答案：that
考点：引导词（先行名词为 decision，表 “决定”，同位语从句成分完整，用 that 连接）
答案：that
考点：引导词（先行名词为 expectation，表 “期待”，同位语从句成分完整，用 that 连接）
