高中英语语法精练（5）—名词性从句综合（练习版）
I. 识别与类型分析（共 10 题）
请找出下列句子中的名词性从句，标注其具体类型（主语 / 宾语 / 表语 / 同位语从句），并分析引导词的作用及从句成分（主语、谓语、宾语等是否完整）。
That we must respect every cultural tradition in global communication has been stressed by our English teacher.
The tour guide asked whether we would prefer to visit the museum in the morning or in the afternoon.
The main reason why she refused the invitation is that she has to prepare for the important exam next week.
We all cheered up at the news that our school’s robotics team won the first prize in the national competition.
What makes the new AI-assisted teaching system stand out is its ability to adapt to students’ individual learning paces in real time.
The research team hasn’t determined yet when they will launch the second phase of the experiment to test the new drug’s effectiveness.
It is universally recognized that applying interdisciplinary knowledge to solve complex real-world problems has become an essential competency for students pursuing higher education in the 21st century.
The senior researcher raised a controversial question whether the rapid advancement of gene-editing technology should be subject to stricter ethical regulations to avoid potential risks to human genetic diversity.
The fact that an increasing number of international corporations are investing heavily in developing sustainable energy solutions to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change highlights the urgency of global environmental cooperation.
The psychologist expressed her deep concern that the over-reliance on smart devices might gradually erode teenagers’ ability to engage in face-to-face interactions and undermine their capacity for independent critical thinking.
II. 语法填空（共 50 题，每组 25 题）
请根据句意及名词性从句语法规则，填入适当的引导词或动词正确形式。
第一组：基础练习
__________ we will hold the class meeting online or offline depends on the weather tomorrow.
It is crucial that we __________ (develop) a habit of taking notes while listening to English lectures.
The librarian told us __________ the library will extend its opening hours to 9 p.m. from next Monday.
We are still wondering __________ can help us fix the broken computer in the classroom.
The biggest problem for the team now is __________ they can collect enough data before the deadline.
His explanation for being late is __________ his bike broke down on the way to school.
We have no doubt __________ the new English corner will help improve our spoken English.
The suggestion __________ students (should) take turns to clean the classroom reading corner was supported by all.
It __________ (report) that a famous writer will give a speech on “reading and growth” in our school next month.
The question __________ we should choose science or liberal arts in senior two is discussed by many parents.
__________ will be in charge of the school sports meeting this year hasn’t been decided yet.
She asked me __________ I had borrowed her English dictionary the day before.
The fact __________ he won the first prize in the English competition surprised all his classmates.
It is important that we __________ (pay) attention to details when doing English grammar exercises.
I can’t remember __________ I put my student ID card—maybe in my schoolbag or on the desk.
The teacher explained __________ we should use “that” instead of “if” in this subject clause.
__________ team wins the debate competition will get a set of English learning books as a prize.
My parents are worried about __________ I can adapt to the new boarding school life quickly.
The news __________ our class has been selected as the “Model Class” this semester made everyone excited.
He didn’t tell me __________ he would come to the party or not.
__________ you said at the meeting just now is very important for our project planning.
It is suggested that we __________ (organize) a study group to help each other with difficult subjects.
I don’t know __________ dictionary this is—maybe it’s Li Ming’s, since his name is on the cover.
The problem is __________ we can finish the homework before the math class tomorrow morning.
__________ happens, we must stick to our original plan to practice English every day.
第二组：进阶练习（复杂语境与嵌套结构，高频话题）
The research team is debating __________ specific adjustments they need to make to the experiment designed to study the interaction between microorganisms and environmental factors to get more accurate results.
It is strongly suggested that the local government __________ (allocate) more funds to preserve the intangible cultural heritage, such as the traditional craftsmanship of making blue-and-white porcelain that is on the verge of disappearance.
The fundamental reason why this new energy vehicle has gained wide popularity among consumers is __________ it can reduce carbon emissions by 40% compared with traditional gasoline-powered cars and has a longer driving range.
We heard the official announcement __________ the international academic conference focusing on artificial intelligence and its application in medical treatment will be postponed to next quarter due to the global travel restrictions caused by the new variant of the virus.
The project manager asked the engineering team __________ they had worked out feasible solutions to the technical problems that emerged during the construction of the cross-river tunnel, which is crucial for the project to be completed on schedule.
__________ the newly-built high-speed railway will shorten the travel time between the two major economic zones from 5 hours to 1.5 hours has aroused great enthusiasm among local residents and business owners.
The universally acknowledged truth __________ continuous learning and lifelong education are essential for individuals to adapt to the rapidly changing job market in the digital era is emphasized in many national education policies.
The archaeologist couldn’t recall __________ she had placed the ancient pottery shards unearthed from the Han Dynasty tomb—either in the sealed storage box or in the temporary exhibition cabinet in the laboratory.
The sincere hope __________ we can launch a joint initiative with international organizations to protect the endangered marine species, such as the Antarctic penguins and the North Atlantic right whales, keeps the environmentalists motivated.
It __________ (confirm) by the education ministry that the reform of the college entrance examination English test, which will attach more importance to testing students’ comprehensive language application ability rather than just knowledge of grammar, will be implemented nationwide next year.
The volunteer organization is trying to figure out __________ they can provide more targeted help to the elderly living alone in the community, such as regular health checks and psychological counseling.
It is a common misunderstanding that __________ scores high in exams must be good at practical problem-solving, which ignores the difference between theoretical knowledge and practical skills.
The designer hasn’t decided __________ color scheme she should adopt for the school auditorium renovation—warm tones like orange or cool tones like blue.
The key point __________ the teacher stressed in the lecture is __________ we should use “whichever” when there is a limited range of choices, but “whatever” when there is no restriction.
We are all curious about __________ the famous astronaut will share his experience of living in the space station during the upcoming campus speech.
The local community issued a notice __________ residents should sort their household waste into four categories—recyclable, hazardous, kitchen and other waste—starting from next month.
The coach reminded the players __________ they should focus on teamwork rather than individual performance if they want to win the national basketball championship.
__________ difficult the task may be, we believe that __________ is willing to put in enough effort will eventually achieve the goal of improving English writing skills.
The scientist proposed __________ we should carry out more research on biodegradable materials to reduce the pollution caused by plastic products in the ocean.
It is unknown __________ the new online learning platform will be updated with more interactive courses, such as live English debates and virtual field trips.
The parent-teacher association discussed __________ measures they could take to reduce students’ after-school homework burden without affecting their academic performance.
The historical museum displayed an ancient letter __________ revealed __________ life was like for ordinary people in the Tang Dynasty, including their daily diet and clothing.
The tour guide warned the tourists __________ they must follow the safety rules when visiting the mountain scenic area, especially during the rainy season when landslides may occur.
__________ the government will introduce more policies to support small and medium-sized enterprises in digital transformation is a hot topic among business leaders.
The environmental report points out __________ the main challenge we are facing now is __________ we can achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 through promoting renewable energy and improving energy efficiency.
III. 单句改错（共 15 题）
If we can finish the group project on time depends on our cooperation.
The teacher suggested that we must practice writing English diaries every day.
The question is that we should ask for help from the teacher or solve the problem by ourselves.
We heard the news what our school’s football team won the regional championship.
He asked me that I had seen his new dictionary in the classroom.
The reason for his failure is because he didn’t take the exam seriously.
It is important that students learn to distinguish between true and false information in the Internet age, don’t they
There is some doubt that the new teaching method will be effective in improving students’ grades.
The proposal which we organize a spring outing to the botanical garden next month was put forward by Tom.
She couldn’t understand why did he refuse to join the school English club.
The scientist hasn’t figured out how can we reduce the negative impact of plastic pollution on marine ecosystems in a short time.
It is generally believed that whatever contribute to protecting the environment, such as using renewable energy, should be encouraged by the government.
The manager’s concern is if the new marketing strategy launched last month can help increase the company’s sales by 20% this quarter.
We have no idea that the international conference on artificial intelligence originally scheduled for next week will be canceled due to unexpected technical issues.
The professor explained that why the research team had to adjust their experiment plan to adapt to the changing weather conditions in the mountain area.
IV. 句型转换（共 10 题）
第一部分：应用文场景（书信、通知、建议信等 强化正式语境与复杂结构）
Our class made a detailed plan last week. We will organize and host a charity sale with second-hand books, stationery and handcrafted works to raise funds for poor children in mountainous areas who lack access to basic learning materials.（要求：合并为含同位语从句的句子 ——“慈善活动策划书”）
We should learn to manage our daily time properly by making a reasonable schedule that balances study, rest and extracurricular activities. It is of great significance for high school students to improve their learning efficiency and reduce academic stress.（要求：改为含 it 作形式主语的句子 ——“学习方法指导信”）
The school announced an important notice yesterday via the school’s official WeChat platform. All students who intend to participate in the summer camp themed “Cultural Exploration of Ancient Towns” need to complete the registration process before 5 p.m. on June 15th.（要求：合并为含同位语从句的句子 ——“夏令营通知”）
Will the international exchange program, which is co-organized by our school and a famous high school in Canada, be held offline at the school auditorium or online via video conference We are still not sure about this.（要求：合并为含宾语从句的句子 ——“交换生申请咨询信”）
The student union officially put forward a practical suggestion at the class meeting last Monday. We should set up a “class book corner” filled with classic literary works and academic reference books to promote resource sharing and cultivate students’ reading habits.（要求：改为含 it 作形式宾语的句子 ——“班级建设建议信”）
第二部分：读后续写场景（情感、动作、场景描写 丰富细节与情感层次）
The little girl, who had been looking forward to her 10th birthday for a month, had a sincere wish. She could receive a handmade birthday cake decorated with stars on it and wrapped in a pink ribbon from her mom, who had been busy with work recently.（要求：合并为含同位语从句，补充细节 “decorated with stars on it and wrapped in a pink ribbon”“who had been busy with work recently”——“温情类读后续写 心理描写”）
Tom was walking along the rain-soaked street after school when he saw something. His best friend, Mike, was helping an old man with gray hair cross the road in the heavy rain, holding an umbrella for him and carrying his heavy shopping bag.（要求：合并为含宾语从句，突出 “感动”—— 补充 “rain-soaked street”“holding an umbrella...shopping bag”“a surge of warmth welled up in his heart”——“成长类读后续写 情感转折”）
We heard a piece of exciting news from our music teacher during the break. Our class’s chorus team, which had practiced day and night for three weeks, won the first prize in the school singing competition with their performance of “My Motherland and Me”.（要求：改为含同位语从句，增加细节 “day and night for three weeks”“with their performance of ‘My Motherland and Me’”“jumped up and cheered loudly”——“团队类读后续写 情感升华”）
The hiker, who had been walking in the mountain for four hours, was extremely worried. Could he find the way back to the small campsite located by the stream before dark, especially since he was running out of water and his phone had no signal （要求：合并为含表语从句，增加细节 “located by the stream”“especially since he was running out of water and his phone had no signal”“clutching his map tightly”——“冒险类读后续写 危机场景”）
Grandma sat on the old wooden chair in the living room and shared a precious memory. She used to pick wild hawthorns and chrysanthemums with her younger sister in the lush mountain behind their village when she was 12 years old, and they would make hawthorn jam together after returning home.（要求：合并为含同位语从句，增加细节 “with a smile on her face”“lush mountain behind their village”“make hawthorn jam together after returning home”——“怀旧类读后续写 回忆场景”）
V. 句子翻译（共 20 题）
第一部分：应用文场景（补充名词性从句翻译）
我们是否需要在毕业季组织一场 “旧书义卖” 活动来筹集毕业旅行的费用，仍需全班投票决定。（whether 引导主语从句 ——“班级活动建议信”）
译文：________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ still needs to be voted on by the whole class.
据通知，学校下周四将举办一场关于 “职业生涯规划” 的专题讲座，所有高三学生必须参加。（it 作形式主语 ——“校园通知”）
译文：It is announced that ________________________________________________________ ________________________, and all senior three students must attend.
老师建议我们每天花 20 分钟阅读英文新闻，以扩大词汇量和提升阅读理解能力。（that 引导宾语从句 — 虚拟语气 ——“英语学习指导信”）
译文：The teacher suggested that ________________________________________________ to expand our vocabulary and improve our reading comprehension.
关于谁将负责这次校园文化节的舞台设计，目前还没有最终决定。（who 引导主语从句 ——“文化节筹备会议纪要”）
译文：There is no final decision yet about ____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________.
家长们最关心的是学校是否能保障学生在校期间的食品安全和校园安全。（whether 引导表语从句 ——“家长给学校的咨询信”）
译文：The biggest concern of parents is ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________.
我们毫不怀疑，积极参与由社区组织的志愿服务活动，不仅能为有需要的人群提供切实帮助，还能有效培养我们的社会责任感与团队协作能力。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“社会实践报告”）
译文：We have no doubt __________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________.
这家专注于人工智能领域的科技公司承诺，将为我校计算机专业的应届毕业生提供 10 个带薪实习岗位，并为表现优秀者提供转正机会，这一消息让全体毕业生都感到兴奋。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“校企合作意向书”）
译文：We were all excited by the news _______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________.
请通过邮件告知我们，你是否能参加下周五下午 2 点在学校国际会议厅举行的、以 “绿色校园建设与青少年环保责任” 为主题的研讨会，并在本周日晚 8 点前回复确认。（whether 引导宾语从句 ——“研讨会邀请信”）
译文：Please inform us via email ___________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________, and reply to confirm before 8 p.m. this Sunday.
教育部门指出，解决当前中小学生作业负担过重问题的关键，在于教师是否能基于学生的认知水平与学习差异，优化作业设计并减少机械重复性的练习。（whether 引导表语从句 ——“教育减负讨论稿”）
译文：The education department points out that the key to solving the problem of heavy homework burden for primary and middle school students at present is ______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
校长在全校教职工大会上正式宣布了学校将投资 500 万元新建一栋配备先进仪器设备的实验楼的决定，以满足学生开展科技创新项目与跨学科研究的需求。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“校园建设规划通知”）
译文：The principal officially announced the decision at the school staff meeting ______________ ______________________________________________________________________________
第二部分：读后续写场景（读后续写高频主题 补充名词性从句翻译）
男孩听到他的画作获得全国青少年美术大赛一等奖的消息时，激动得说不出话来，紧紧抱住了身边的老师。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“成长类读后续写 情感升华”）
译文：When the boy heard the news ________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________, he was too excited to speak and hugged the teacher beside him tightly.
小女孩的恐惧是黑暗中是否会有怪物出现，她紧紧抱着枕头躲在被子里，不敢出声。（whether 引导表语从句 ——“成长类读后续写 心理描写”）
译文：The little girl’s fear was ______________________________________________________. She held her pillow tightly, hid under the quilt, and dared not make a sound.
登山者们不确定他们能否在天黑前到达山顶的庇护所，刺骨的寒风让整个队伍都陷入了紧张。（whether 引导宾语从句 ——“冒险类读后续写 危机场景”）
译文：The mountaineers were not sure ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________, and the biting cold wind made the whole team fall into tension.
奶奶的骄傲是孙女在全国书法比赛中获得了金奖，她把奖状小心翼翼地挂在了客厅最显眼的地方。（that 引导表语从句 ——“亲情类读后续写 情感表达”）
译文：The grandmother’s pride was _________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________, and she hung the certificate carefully in the most prominent place in the living room.
消防员们有一个坚定的信念：他们一定能在火势蔓延前救出被困在着火大楼里的所有居民。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“英雄类读后续写 信念刻画”）
译文：The firefighters had a firm belief _______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________.
小明不知道他在春天亲手种下的那株向日葵，能否在北方寒冷多风的冬天存活下来，所以他每天放学后都会特意去花园查看，并用保温棉细心地将花茎包裹起来。（whether 引导宾语从句 ——“成长类读后续写 细节描写”）
译文：Xiao Ming didn’t know _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________, so he made a special trip to the garden to check it every day after school and carefully wrapped the stem with thermal cotton.
女孩收到笔友从遥远的巴黎寄来的明信片，上面用娟秀的字迹写着笔友下个月将来到她所在的城市旅游，并希望能一起参观当地的历史博物馆，这个突如其来的消息让她开心地跳了起来，立刻跑去告诉妈妈。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“友情类读后续写 惊喜场景”）
译文：The girl received a postcard from her pen pal in faraway Paris, on which there was a note in delicate handwriting saying ________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________. This unexpected news made her jump with joy and immediately run to tell her mother.
老人坐在窗边，凝视着窗外飘落的秋叶，轻声诉说着他最大的遗憾 —— 年轻时为了忙于工厂的技术研发工作，没有抽出足够的时间陪伴年幼的孩子，如今孩子们都在国外定居，一年只能回国一次与他团聚。（that 引导表语从句 ——“怀旧类读后续写 情感转折”）
译文：Sitting by the window and gazing at the autumn leaves falling outside, the old man softly talked about his biggest regret—____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. Now all his children have settled abroad and can only return home once a year to reunite with him.
穿着粉色护士服的护士微笑着告诉躺在病床上的病人，只要他严格按照医嘱按时服药、保持乐观的心态并配合康复训练，他的身体在一个月内就能基本康复，这番充满关怀的话让焦虑的病人安心了许多。（that 引导宾语从句 ——“温情类读后续写 安慰场景”）
译文：The nurse in a pink uniform smiled and told the patient lying in the hospital bed ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. This caring remark made the anxious patient feel much more at ease.
围坐在草地上的孩子们好奇地提出了星星为什么会在深邃的夜空中闪烁这一问题，这让经验丰富的科学老师停下脚步，耐心地给他们讲解了恒星通过内部核聚变反应发光、以及大气层折射导致星光闪烁的科学原理。（why 引导同位语从句 ——“科普类读后续写 求知场景”）
译文：The children sitting around on the grass curiously put forward the question ___________________________________________________, which made the experienced science teacher stop and patiently explain to them the scientific principle that stars emit light through internal nuclear fusion reactions and that starlight twinkles due to atmospheric refraction.
VI. 短文填空（共 2 篇）
短文 1：校园 “科技创新周” 活动筹备
Our school plans to organize a “Technology Innovation Week” next month to inspire students’ interest in science and technology. The core goal of this activity is 1. __________ it can help students understand the importance of innovation in the digital era. The science teacher proposed 2. __________ the school invite experts from the local university to give lectures on AI and robotics, but the key question is 3. __________ the experts will be available—we need to confirm 4. __________ the lecture hall can be booked on their schedule.
The student union is discussing 5. __________ kinds of activities they should design—whether robot competitions or science experiment shows—and 6. __________ these activities should be held. Some students suggest the playground, while others prefer the gym. The union president said 7. __________ the activities should be interesting and practical to attract more students, even if it seems 8. __________ they have little free time. However, a practical problem is 9. __________ we can get enough experimental equipment from the school, such as microscopes and circuit boards.
We also have the doubt 10. __________ the activity will conflict with our mid-term exams. The head teacher explained 11. __________ we can adjust the activity time if necessary, and 12. __________ volunteers are willing to help organize the event will be praised at the school assembly. She added that the reason we focus on this activity is 13. __________ it can bridge the gap between theory and practice.
短文 2：社区 “邻里互助日” 活动组织
To strengthen the connection between neighbors, our community plans to hold a “Neighborhood Mutual Aid Day” this weekend. The main purpose of this activity is 1. __________ we can help each other solve daily problems, such as repairing household appliances or tutoring children’s homework. The community worker suggested 2. __________ we divide the residents into small groups, but the problem is 3. __________ group should be responsible for the elderly community center—we need to choose from Group A, B and C.
We are also considering 4. __________ to prepare for the activity—whether to make handmade greeting cards for the elderly or buy fruits for them—and 5. __________ the elderly will feel happy with these gifts. The biggest worry is 6. __________ the weather will be bad this weekend; if it rains, we need to decide 7. __________ we should move the activity indoors or postpone it, and 8. __________ the indoor venue (like the community hall) is large enough.
The community leader shared the information 9. __________ there are 20 elderly families in need of help, and 10. __________ of these families has specific needs, like regular health checks. She also told us 11. __________ the activity will start at 9 a.m. on Saturday, and 12. __________ volunteers arrive late, they should contact the organizer in advance. We have the question 13. __________ we can finish all the work in three hours. Some residents proposed 14. __________ contributes to the activity, whether it’s time or materials, should be recorded in the community’s “Kindness Book”, and 15. __________ the reason we do this is 16. __________ we want to pass on the spirit of mutual help.高中英语语法精练（5）—名词性从句综合（解析版）
I. 名词性从句识别与类型分析（共 10 题）
请找出下列句子中的名词性从句，标注其具体类型（主语 / 宾语 / 表语 / 同位语从句），并分析引导词的作用及从句成分（主语、谓语、宾语等是否完整）。
That we must respect every cultural tradition in global communication has been stressed by our English teacher.
The tour guide asked whether we would prefer to visit the museum in the morning or in the afternoon.
The main reason why she refused the invitation is that she has to prepare for the important exam next week.
We all cheered up at the news that our school’s robotics team won the first prize in the national competition.
What makes the new AI-assisted teaching system stand out is its ability to adapt to students’ individual learning paces in real time.
The research team hasn’t determined yet when they will launch the second phase of the experiment to test the new drug’s effectiveness.
It is universally recognized that applying interdisciplinary knowledge to solve complex real-world problems has become an essential competency for students pursuing higher education in the 21st century.
The senior researcher raised a controversial question whether the rapid advancement of gene-editing technology should be subject to stricter ethical regulations to avoid potential risks to human genetic diversity.
The fact that an increasing number of international corporations are investing heavily in developing sustainable energy solutions to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change highlights the urgency of global environmental cooperation.
The psychologist expressed her deep concern that the over-reliance on smart devices might gradually erode teenagers’ ability to engage in face-to-face interactions and undermine their capacity for independent critical thinking.
答案及解析
名词性从句：That we must respect every cultural tradition in global communication
类型：主语从句（从句充当句子主语）
引导词作用：that 无实际意义，仅起连接作用，不充当从句成分（若省略会导致句子结构混乱，主语从句句首 that 不可省）
从句成分：完整（主语：we；谓语：must respect；宾语：every cultural tradition；状语：in global communication）
名词性从句：whether we would prefer to visit the museum in the morning or in the afternoon
类型：宾语从句（从句充当 asked 的宾语）
引导词作用：whether 表 “是否”，与 or 搭配表选择，不充当从句成分（不可替换为 if，因 if 不可与 or 连用引导宾语从句）
从句成分：完整（主语：we；谓语：would prefer；宾语：to visit the museum；状语：in the morning or in the afternoon）
名词性从句：that she has to prepare for the important exam next week
类型：表语从句（从句充当 is 的表语）
引导词作用：that 无实际意义，仅起连接作用，不充当从句成分（表语从句中 that 不可省）
从句成分：完整（主语：she；谓语：has to prepare for；宾语：the important exam；状语：next week）
名词性从句：that our school’s robotics team won the first prize in the national competition
类型：同位语从句（从句解释先行名词 news 的具体内容）
引导词作用：that 无实际意义，仅起连接作用，不充当从句成分（区别于定语从句，此处从句不修饰 news，而是与 news 等价）
从句成分：完整（主语：our school’s robotics team；谓语：won；宾语：the first prize；状语：in the national competition）
名词性从句：What makes the new AI-assisted teaching system stand out
类型：主语从句（从句充当句子主语，与表语 its ability... 构成主系表结构）
引导词作用：what 表 “…… 的事物”，在从句中充当主语（指代 “让新 AI 辅助教学系统脱颖而出的因素”，不可替换为 that，因 that 不充当成分）
从句成分：完整（引导词 what 作主语；谓语：makes；宾语：the new AI-assisted teaching system；宾语补足语：stand out）
名词性从句：when they will launch the second phase of the experiment to test the new drug’s effectiveness
类型：宾语从句（从句充当 determined 的宾语）
引导词作用：when 表 “何时”，在从句中充当时间状语（明确 “启动实验第二阶段” 的时间，需结合语境判断时态）
从句成分：完整（主语：they；谓语：will launch；宾语：the second phase of the experiment；目的状语：to test the new drug’s effectiveness；引导词 when 作时间状语）
名词性从句：that applying interdisciplinary knowledge to solve complex real-world problems has become an essential competency for students pursuing higher education in the 21st century
类型：主语从句（it 为形式主语，从句为真实主语，符合高考长难句 “形式主语 + 复杂真实主语” 结构）
引导词作用：that 无实际意义，仅起连接作用，不充当从句成分（避免因主语包含多层修饰成分导致句子头重脚轻）
从句成分：完整（主语：applying interdisciplinary knowledge to solve complex real-world problems（动名词短语作主语，嵌套 “to solve...” 目的状语）；谓语：has become；表语：an essential competency；定语：for students pursuing higher education in the 21st century（嵌套现在分词短语 “pursuing...” 作后置定语））
名词性从句：whether the rapid advancement of gene-editing technology should be subject to stricter ethical regulations to avoid potential risks to human genetic diversity
类型：同位语从句（从句解释先行名词 question 的具体内容，含 “争议性疑问” 语境）
引导词作用：whether 表 “是否”，不充当从句成分（先行名词为 question 且含 “争议、不确定” 含义时，必须用 whether 引导，不可替换为 if）
从句成分：完整（主语：the rapid advancement of gene-editing technology（含 “of...” 介词短语作定语）；谓语：should be subject to；宾语：stricter ethical regulations；目的状语：to avoid potential risks to human genetic diversity（嵌套 “to human genetic diversity” 介词短语作后置定语））
名词性从句：that an increasing number of international corporations are investing heavily in developing sustainable energy solutions to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change
类型：同位语从句（从句解释先行名词 fact 的具体内容，含 “多层目的与结果” 逻辑）
引导词作用：that 无实际意义，仅起连接作用，不充当从句成分（区别于定语从句，此处从句不修饰 fact，而是完整阐述 fact 的具体内容）
从句成分：完整（主语：an increasing number of international corporations；谓语：are investing；状语：heavily in developing sustainable energy solutions（嵌套 “in developing...” 介词短语作状语）；目的状语：to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change（嵌套 “of climate change” 介词短语作后置定语））
名词性从句：that the over-reliance on smart devices might gradually erode teenagers’ ability to engage in face-to-face interactions and undermine their capacity for independent critical thinking
类型：同位语从句（从句解释先行名词 concern 的具体内容，含 “并列谓语与多层能力修饰” 结构）
引导词作用：that 无实际意义，仅起连接作用，不充当从句成分（先行名词为 concern、anxiety 等表 “担忧” 的抽象名词时，常用 that 引导同位语从句阐述担忧的具体内容）
从句成分：完整（主语：the over-reliance on smart devices（含 “on smart devices” 介词短语作定语）；并列谓语：might gradually erode、（might）undermine；宾语 1：teenagers’ ability to engage in face-to-face interactions（嵌套 “to engage...” 不定式短语作后置定语）；宾语 2：their capacity for independent critical thinking（嵌套 “for...” 介词短语作后置定语））
II. 语法填空（共 50 题，每组 25 题）
请根据句意及名词性从句语法规则，填入适当的引导词或动词正确形式。
第一组：基础练习
__________ we will hold the class meeting online or offline depends on the weather tomorrow.
It is crucial that we __________ (develop) a habit of taking notes while listening to English lectures.
The librarian told us __________ the library will extend its opening hours to 9 p.m. from next Monday.
We are still wondering __________ can help us fix the broken computer in the classroom.
The biggest problem for the team now is __________ they can collect enough data before the deadline.
His explanation for being late is __________ his bike broke down on the way to school.
We have no doubt __________ the new English corner will help improve our spoken English.
The suggestion __________ students (should) take turns to clean the classroom reading corner was supported by all.
It __________ (report) that a famous writer will give a speech on “reading and growth” in our school next month.
The question __________ we should choose science or liberal arts in senior two is discussed by many parents.
__________ will be in charge of the school sports meeting this year hasn’t been decided yet.
She asked me __________ I had borrowed her English dictionary the day before.
The fact __________ he won the first prize in the English competition surprised all his classmates.
It is important that we __________ (pay) attention to details when doing English grammar exercises.
I can’t remember __________ I put my student ID card—maybe in my schoolbag or on the desk.
The teacher explained __________ we should use “that” instead of “if” in this subject clause.
__________ team wins the debate competition will get a set of English learning books as a prize.
My parents are worried about __________ I can adapt to the new boarding school life quickly.
The news __________ our class has been selected as the “Model Class” this semester made everyone excited.
He didn’t tell me __________ he would come to the party or not.
__________ you said at the meeting just now is very important for our project planning.
It is suggested that we __________ (organize) a study group to help each other with difficult subjects.
I don’t know __________ dictionary this is—maybe it’s Li Ming’s, since his name is on the cover.
The problem is __________ we can finish the homework before the math class tomorrow morning.
__________ happens, we must stick to our original plan to practice English every day.
第二组：进阶练习（复杂语境与嵌套结构，高频话题）
The research team is debating __________ specific adjustments they need to make to the experiment designed to study the interaction between microorganisms and environmental factors to get more accurate results.
It is strongly suggested that the local government __________ (allocate) more funds to preserve the intangible cultural heritage, such as the traditional craftsmanship of making blue-and-white porcelain that is on the verge of disappearance.
The fundamental reason why this new energy vehicle has gained wide popularity among consumers is __________ it can reduce carbon emissions by 40% compared with traditional gasoline-powered cars and has a longer driving range.
We heard the official announcement __________ the international academic conference focusing on artificial intelligence and its application in medical treatment will be postponed to next quarter due to the global travel restrictions caused by the new variant of the virus.
The project manager asked the engineering team __________ they had worked out feasible solutions to the technical problems that emerged during the construction of the cross-river tunnel, which is crucial for the project to be completed on schedule.
__________ the newly-built high-speed railway will shorten the travel time between the two major economic zones from 5 hours to 1.5 hours has aroused great enthusiasm among local residents and business owners.
The universally acknowledged truth __________ continuous learning and lifelong education are essential for individuals to adapt to the rapidly changing job market in the digital era is emphasized in many national education policies.
The archaeologist couldn’t recall __________ she had placed the ancient pottery shards unearthed from the Han Dynasty tomb—either in the sealed storage box or in the temporary exhibition cabinet in the laboratory.
The sincere hope __________ we can launch a joint initiative with international organizations to protect the endangered marine species, such as the Antarctic penguins and the North Atlantic right whales, keeps the environmentalists motivated.
It __________ (confirm) by the education ministry that the reform of the college entrance examination English test, which will attach more importance to testing students’ comprehensive language application ability rather than just knowledge of grammar, will be implemented nationwide next year.
The volunteer organization is trying to figure out __________ they can provide more targeted help to the elderly living alone in the community, such as regular health checks and psychological counseling.
It is a common misunderstanding that __________ scores high in exams must be good at practical problem-solving, which ignores the difference between theoretical knowledge and practical skills.
The designer hasn’t decided __________ color scheme she should adopt for the school auditorium renovation—warm tones like orange or cool tones like blue.
The key point __________ the teacher stressed in the lecture is __________ we should use “whichever” when there is a limited range of choices, but “whatever” when there is no restriction.
We are all curious about __________ the famous astronaut will share his experience of living in the space station during the upcoming campus speech.
The local community issued a notice __________ residents should sort their household waste into four categories—recyclable, hazardous, kitchen and other waste—starting from next month.
The coach reminded the players __________ they should focus on teamwork rather than individual performance if they want to win the national basketball championship.
__________ difficult the task may be, we believe that __________ is willing to put in enough effort will eventually achieve the goal of improving English writing skills.
The scientist proposed __________ we should carry out more research on biodegradable materials to reduce the pollution caused by plastic products in the ocean.
It is unknown __________ the new online learning platform will be updated with more interactive courses, such as live English debates and virtual field trips.
The parent-teacher association discussed __________ measures they could take to reduce students’ after-school homework burden without affecting their academic performance.
The historical museum displayed an ancient letter __________ revealed __________ life was like for ordinary people in the Tang Dynasty, including their daily diet and clothing.
The tour guide warned the tourists __________ they must follow the safety rules when visiting the mountain scenic area, especially during the rainy season when landslides may occur.
__________ the government will introduce more policies to support small and medium-sized enterprises in digital transformation is a hot topic among business leaders.
The environmental report points out __________ the main challenge we are facing now is __________ we can achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 through promoting renewable energy and improving energy efficiency.
答案及解析
第一组：基础练习
Whether（主语从句表 “是否”，句首用 whether，不可用 if，搭配 or）
(should) develop（It is crucial that... 虚拟语气，should 可省）
that（宾语从句成分完整，that 起连接作用，可省）
who（宾语从句缺主语，指代人，表 “谁”）
whether（表语从句表 “是否”，不可用 if）
that（The reason why...is that... 固定结构，表语从句用 that）
that（doubt 否定句中，同位语从句用 that）
that（suggestion 后同位语从句，虚拟语气，that 连接）
is reported（It is reported that... 固定句型，形式主语 it）
whether（主语从句表选择，搭配 or 用 whether）
Who（主语从句缺主语，指代人，表 “谁”）
if/whether（宾语从句表 “是否借了字典”，可用 if 或 whether）
that（同位语从句解释 fact 内容，成分完整，that 连接）
(should) pay（It is important that... 虚拟语气，should 可省）
where（宾语从句缺地点状语，表 “放哪里”）
why（宾语从句缺原因状语，表 “为什么用 that”）
Whichever（主语从句表 “无论哪支队伍”，有选择范围，用 whichever）
whether（宾语从句表 “是否适应”，be worried about 后用 whether）
that（同位语从句解释 news 内容，成分完整，that 连接）
whether（宾语从句表 “是否来派对”，与 or not 搭配用 whether，不可用 if）
What（主语从句缺宾语，表 “你说的话”，用 what）
(should) organize（It is suggested that... 虚拟语气，should 可省）
whose（宾语从句缺定语，表 “谁的字典”，用 whose）
whether（表语从句表 “是否完成作业”，不可用 if）
Whatever（主语从句表 “无论发生什么”，无选择范围，用 whatever）
第二组：进阶练习
what（宾语从句缺定语，修饰 specific adjustments，表 “什么样的调整”，嵌套过去分词短语作定语）
(should) allocate（It is strongly suggested that... 虚拟语气，should 可省，语境涉 “非物质文化遗产”）
that（The reason why...is that... 固定结构，表语从句含比较结构，涉 “碳排放” 词汇）
that（同位语从句解释 announcement，嵌套现在分词 / 过去分词短语，涉 “AI 医疗” 热点）
whether（宾语从句表 “是否制定方案”，涉 “跨江隧道” 工程术语，正式语境用 whether）
That（主语从句成分完整，用 that 连接，涉 “高铁经济” 话题，含数字对比）
that（同位语从句解释 truth，涉 “终身教育”，嵌套不定式短语，贴合教育改革话题）
where（宾语从句缺地点状语，涉 “考古” 术语，either...or... 增加选择难度）
that（同位语从句解释 hope，涉 “濒危物种保护”，并列名词短语提升词汇难度）
has been confirmed（现在完成时被动，It 作形式主语，从句嵌套定语从句，涉 “高考改革”）
how（宾语从句缺方式状语，表 “如何提供帮助”，涉 “独居老人” 社区服务）
whoever（主语从句表 “无论谁考高分”，无范围限制，用 whoever，纠正 “高分 = 能力强” 误区）
which（宾语从句表 “哪个配色方案”，有选择范围（暖色调 / 冷色调），用 which）
that; that（第一空：宾语从句缺宾语，用 that（可省）；第二空：表语从句成分完整，用 that，区分 whichever/whatever 用法）
what（宾语从句缺宾语，表 “分享什么经历”，涉 “航天” 话题）
that（同位语从句解释 notice，涉 “垃圾分类” 政策，含分类明细）
that（宾语从句成分完整，表 “提醒的内容”，涉 “篮球比赛” 团队精神）
However; whoever（第一空：让步状语从句，表 “无论多困难”，用 however；第二空：主语从句表 “无论谁努力”，用 whoever，涉 “英语写作” 目标）
that（宾语从句成分完整，表 “提议的内容”，涉 “可降解材料” 环保话题）
whether（主语从句表 “是否更新课程”，涉 “在线学习平台”，用 whether 表不确定）
what（宾语从句缺定语，修饰 measures，表 “什么措施”，涉 “减负” 教育热点）
that; what（第一空：定语从句缺主语，用 that；第二空：宾语从句缺宾语，表 “生活是什么样”，涉 “唐代生活” 历史话题）
that（宾语从句成分完整，表 “警告的内容”，涉 “山区安全” 旅游话题）
Whether（主语从句表 “是否出台政策”，涉 “中小企业数字化” 经济话题，句首用 whether）
that; whether（第一空：宾语从句成分完整，用 that；第二空：表语从句表 “是否实现碳中和”，涉 “环保目标”，用 whether）
III. 单句改错（共 15 题）
If we can finish the group project on time depends on our cooperation.
The teacher suggested that we must practice writing English diaries every day.
The question is that we should ask for help from the teacher or solve the problem by ourselves.
We heard the news what our school’s football team won the regional championship.
He asked me that I had seen his new dictionary in the classroom.
The reason for his failure is because he didn’t take the exam seriously.
It is important that students learn to distinguish between true and false information in the Internet age, don’t they
There is some doubt that the new teaching method will be effective in improving students’ grades.
The proposal which we organize a spring outing to the botanical garden next month was put forward by Tom.
She couldn’t understand why did he refuse to join the school English club.
The scientist hasn’t figured out how can we reduce the negative impact of plastic pollution on marine ecosystems in a short time.
It is generally believed that whatever contribute to protecting the environment, such as using renewable energy, should be encouraged by the government.
The manager’s concern is if the new marketing strategy launched last month can help increase the company’s sales by 20% this quarter.
We have no idea that the international conference on artificial intelligence originally scheduled for next week will be canceled due to unexpected technical issues.
The professor explained that why the research team had to adjust their experiment plan to adapt to the changing weather conditions in the mountain area.
答案及解析
错误：If→Whether（主语从句表 “是否”，句首不可用 if，需改为 whether，符合主语从句引导词的基础规则）
错误：must→should 或去掉 must（suggest 表 “建议” 时，宾语从句需用 “should + 动词原形” 虚拟语气，不可用 must，强化虚拟语气与情态动词的搭配禁忌）
错误：that→whether（表语从句含 “or” 表选择关系，需用 whether 与 or 搭配，不可用 that，明确选择语境下的引导词用法）
错误：what→that（同位语从句解释 news 的具体内容，从句成分完整，无需 what 充当成分，用 that 仅起连接作用，区分同位语从句与需作成分的宾语 / 主语从句）
错误：that→if/whether（宾语从句表 “是否看到字典”，that 无 “是否” 含义，需用 if 或 whether 引导疑问语气的宾语从句）
错误：because→that（The reason why...is that... 为固定结构，表语从句需用 that 引导，避免 because 与 reason 语义重复，纠正高频语义重复错误）
错误：don’t we→shouldn’t we（It is important that... 结构中，从句需用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），反义疑问句需与从句中的 should 保持一致，而非主句的时态）
错误：that→whether（doubt 用于肯定句时，同位语从句表 “不确定是否有效”，需用 whether 引导；否定句 / 疑问句中才用 that，明确 doubt 不同句式下的引导词差异）
错误：which→that（先行名词为 proposal（建议），同位语从句成分完整，需用 that 引导，且从句需用虚拟语气（should 可省）；which 引导定语从句时需在从句中作成分，此处无成分缺失，区分同位语从句与定语从句引导词）
错误：did he refuse→he refused（宾语从句需用陈述句语序，需将疑问句语序 “did he refuse” 改为陈述句语序 “he refused”，强化名词性从句的语序规则）
错误：can we→we can（宾语从句需用陈述句语序，句中 “how can we” 为疑问句语序，需改为 “how we can”；从句嵌套 “reduce the negative impact of...on...” 短语（减少…… 对…… 的负面影响）、“marine ecosystems”（海洋生态系统）等复杂词汇，贴合环保热点语境，提升结构复杂度）
错误：contribute→contributes（whatever 引导主语从句时，视为单数概念，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式，故 “contribute” 改为 “contributes”；从句嵌套 “protecting the environment”（环境保护）、“renewable energy”（可再生能源）等抽象名词短语，涉及语法一致与热点话题结合的难点）
错误：if→whether（表语从句表 “是否能提升销量”，不可用 if 引导表语从句，需改为 whether；从句嵌套 “the new marketing strategy launched last month”（上月推出的新营销策略）过去分词短语作定语、“increase...by 20%”（提升 20%）等商业术语，强化正式语境下表语从句的引导词禁忌）
错误：that→whether（同位语从句解释 idea 的内容，表 “不确定会议是否取消”，先行名词为 idea（不确定的想法），需用 whether 引导；从句嵌套 “originally scheduled for next week”（原定于下周）过去分词短语、“unexpected technical issues”（突发技术问题）等复杂表达，贴合学术会议场景，区分确定与不确定语境下的引导词选择）
错误：去掉 that 或 why（从句中 “that” 与 “why” 重复引导宾语从句，需删除其一：若保留 why，表 “为什么调整计划”；若保留 that，需补充从句内容（如 “the reason”），但结合句意 “解释为什么调整计划”，更合理的改法是删除 that；从句嵌套 “adjust their experiment plan”（调整实验计划）、“adapt to the changing weather conditions”（适应多变的天气状况）等复杂动词短语，涉及引导词重复与多动词结构结合的高难度易错点）
IV. 句型转换（共 10 题）
第一部分：应用文场景（书信、通知、建议信等 强化正式语境与复杂结构）
Our class made a detailed plan last week. We will organize and host a charity sale with second-hand books, stationery and handcrafted works to raise funds for poor children in mountainous areas who lack access to basic learning materials.（要求：合并为含同位语从句的句子 ——“慈善活动策划书”）
We should learn to manage our daily time properly by making a reasonable schedule that balances study, rest and extracurricular activities. It is of great significance for high school students to improve their learning efficiency and reduce academic stress.（要求：改为含 it 作形式主语的句子 ——“学习方法指导信”）
The school announced an important notice yesterday via the school’s official WeChat platform. All students who intend to participate in the summer camp themed “Cultural Exploration of Ancient Towns” need to complete the registration process before 5 p.m. on June 15th.（要求：合并为含同位语从句的句子 ——“夏令营通知”）
Will the international exchange program, which is co-organized by our school and a famous high school in Canada, be held offline at the school auditorium or online via video conference We are still not sure about this.（要求：合并为含宾语从句的句子 ——“交换生申请咨询信”）
The student union officially put forward a practical suggestion at the class meeting last Monday. We should set up a “class book corner” filled with classic literary works and academic reference books to promote resource sharing and cultivate students’ reading habits.（要求：改为含 it 作形式宾语的句子 ——“班级建设建议信”）
第二部分：读后续写场景（情感、动作、场景描写 丰富细节与情感层次）
The little girl, who had been looking forward to her 10th birthday for a month, had a sincere wish. She could receive a handmade birthday cake decorated with stars on it and wrapped in a pink ribbon from her mom, who had been busy with work recently.（要求：合并为含同位语从句，补充细节 “decorated with stars on it and wrapped in a pink ribbon”“who had been busy with work recently”——“温情类读后续写 心理描写”）
Tom was walking along the rain-soaked street after school when he saw something. His best friend, Mike, was helping an old man with gray hair cross the road in the heavy rain, holding an umbrella for him and carrying his heavy shopping bag.（要求：合并为含宾语从句，突出 “感动”—— 补充 “rain-soaked street”“holding an umbrella...shopping bag”“a surge of warmth welled up in his heart”——“成长类读后续写 情感转折”）
We heard a piece of exciting news from our music teacher during the break. Our class’s chorus team, which had practiced day and night for three weeks, won the first prize in the school singing competition with their performance of “My Motherland and Me”.（要求：改为含同位语从句，增加细节 “day and night for three weeks”“with their performance of ‘My Motherland and Me’”“jumped up and cheered loudly”——“团队类读后续写 情感升华”）
The hiker, who had been walking in the mountain for four hours, was extremely worried. Could he find the way back to the small campsite located by the stream before dark, especially since he was running out of water and his phone had no signal （要求：合并为含表语从句，增加细节 “located by the stream”“especially since he was running out of water and his phone had no signal”“clutching his map tightly”——“冒险类读后续写 危机场景”）
Grandma sat on the old wooden chair in the living room and shared a precious memory. She used to pick wild hawthorns and chrysanthemums with her younger sister in the lush mountain behind their village when she was 12 years old, and they would make hawthorn jam together after returning home.（要求：合并为含同位语从句，增加细节 “with a smile on her face”“lush mountain behind their village”“make hawthorn jam together after returning home”——“怀旧类读后续写 回忆场景”）
答案及解析
第一部分：应用文场景
答案：Our class made the detailed plan last week that we will organize and host a charity sale with second-hand books, stationery and handcrafted works to raise funds for poor children in mountainous areas who lack access to basic learning materials.
句意：我们班上周制定了一份详细计划，计划内容是组织一场义卖活动，售卖二手书籍、文具和手工艺品，为山区那些缺乏基础学习资料的贫困儿童筹集资金。
句子分析：① 主句为 “Our class made the detailed plan last week”，核心宾语是 “the detailed plan”；② “that we will organize...basic learning materials” 是同位语从句，解释 “plan” 的具体内容，that 仅起连接作用，不充当从句成分；③ 从句中 “with second-hand books...handcrafted works” 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 “charity sale”；“who lack access to basic learning materials” 是定语从句，修饰 “poor children”，补充帮扶对象的特点；④ 整体结构符合 “策划书” 需明确活动内容、对象与目的的正式语境。
答案：It is of great significance for high school students to learn to manage their daily time properly by making a reasonable schedule that balances study, rest and extracurricular activities, as this can help improve their learning efficiency and reduce academic stress.
句意：对高中生而言，通过制定合理的时间表（平衡学习、休息与课外活动）来恰当管理日常时间具有重要意义，因为这有助于提高他们的学习效率并减轻学业压力。
句子分析：① 主句用 “it is of great significance for sb. to do sth.” 结构，it 是形式主语，真实主语是 “to learn to manage...extracurricular activities”，避免句子头重脚轻；② “by making a reasonable schedule” 是方式状语，说明 “管理时间” 的方法；“that balances...extracurricular activities” 是定语从句，修饰 “schedule”，细化时间表的内容；③ “as this can help...academic stress” 是原因状语从句，补充 “时间管理重要” 的逻辑依据；④ 整体符合 “指导信” 需提供具体方法并说明意义的说服性语境。
答案：The school announced the important notice via the school’s official WeChat platform yesterday that all students who intend to participate in the summer camp themed “Cultural Exploration of Ancient Towns” need to complete the registration process before 5 p.m. on June 15th.
句意：学校昨天通过官方微信平台发布了一则重要通知，通知内容是：所有打算参加 “古镇文化探索” 主题夏令营的学生，需在 6 月 15 日下午 5 点前完成报名流程。
句子分析：① 主句为 “The school announced the important notice via...yesterday”，“via the school’s official WeChat platform” 是方式状语，说明通知发布渠道；② “that all students...on June 15th” 是同位语从句，解释 “notice” 的具体内容，that 无实际意义，仅起连接作用；③ 从句中 “who intend to participate in...Ancient Towns” 是定语从句，修饰 “students”；“themed ‘Cultural Exploration of Ancient Towns’” 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “summer camp”；“before 5 p.m. on June 15th” 是时间状语，明确报名截止时间；④ 结构符合 “通知” 需明确受众、事件与时间的流程化要求。
答案：We are still not sure whether the international exchange program, which is co-organized by our school and a famous high school in Canada, will be held offline at the school auditorium or online via video conference.
句意：我们仍不确定，由我校与加拿大一所知名高中联合举办的国际交流项目，将在学校礼堂线下举办还是通过视频会议线上举办。
句子分析：① 主句为 “We are still not sure”，表语部分是 “whether” 引导的宾语从句（此处 “be sure” 后接宾语从句）；② “whether” 表 “是否”，引导从句时不可替换为 if（因从句含 “or” 表选择）；③ 从句中 “which is co-organized by...Canada” 是非限定性定语从句，修饰 “the international exchange program”，补充项目的联合举办方；“offline at the school auditorium” 与 “online via video conference” 是并列结构，明确举办形式的两种选择；④ 符合 “咨询信” 需询问具体细节的语境，信息精准且结构清晰。
答案：The student union officially put it forward as a practical suggestion at the class meeting last Monday that we should set up a “class book corner” filled with classic literary works and academic reference books to promote resource sharing and cultivate students’ reading habits.
句意：学生会在上周一的班会上，正式提出了一项切实可行的建议，建议内容是：我们应设立一个 “班级书角”，书角里摆放经典文学作品和学术参考书，以促进资源共享并培养学生的阅读习惯。
句子分析：① 主句为 “The student union officially put it forward as a practical suggestion at the class meeting last Monday”，其中 “it” 是形式宾语，替代后面的同位语从句，避免句子因从句过长而头重脚轻；② “that we should set up...reading habits” 是同位语从句，解释 “suggestion” 的具体内容，that 仅起连接作用，从句中 “should” 可省略（虚拟语气）；③ 从句中 “filled with...reference books” 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “class book corner”；“to promote...reading habits” 是不定式短语作目的状语，说明设立书角的意义；④ 符合 “建议信” 需明确建议内容与目的的正式语境。
第二部分：读后续写场景
答案：The little girl, who had been looking forward to her 10th birthday for a month, had a sincere wish that she could receive a handmade birthday cake decorated with stars on it and wrapped in a pink ribbon from her mom, who had been busy with work recently.
句意：那个一个月来一直期待着自己 10 岁生日的小女孩，有一个真挚的愿望 —— 希望能从最近忙于工作的妈妈那里，收到一个装饰着星星、用粉丝带包裹的手工生日蛋糕。
句子分析：① 主句为 “The little girl...had a sincere wish”，“who had been looking forward to her 10th birthday for a month” 是定语从句，修饰 “the little girl”，补充她对生日的期待心理；② “that she could receive...recently” 是同位语从句，解释 “wish” 的具体内容，that 仅起连接作用；③ 从句中 “decorated with stars on it and wrapped in a pink ribbon” 是并列过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “handmade birthday cake”，细化蛋糕的外观；“who had been busy with work recently” 是定语从句，修饰 “her mom”，补充妈妈的状态；④ 细节描写（如 “10th birthday”“pink ribbon”）增强画面感，符合 “心理描写” 需细腻展现人物期待的要求。
答案：When Tom was walking along the rain-soaked street after school, he saw that his best friend, Mike, was helping an old man with gray hair cross the road in the heavy rain—holding an umbrella for him and carrying his heavy shopping bag—and a surge of warmth welled up in his heart.
句意：放学后，汤姆正沿着被雨水浸湿的街道走，这时他看到自己最好的朋友迈克正在大雨中帮一位白发老人过马路 —— 给老人撑伞还帮他提沉重的购物袋 —— 一股暖流涌上他的心头。
句子分析：① 主句用 “When...he saw that...” 结构，“When Tom was walking...after school” 是时间状语从句，交代场景与时间；② “that his best friend...heavy shopping bag” 是宾语从句，作 “saw” 的宾语，that 起连接作用；③ 从句中 “with gray hair” 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 “an old man”；“holding an umbrella for him and carrying his heavy shopping bag” 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，补充 “helping” 的具体动作；④ 破折号后 “a surge of warmth welled up in his heart” 是独立分句，直接描写汤姆的感动心理，避免简单表述 “he was moved”，符合 “情感转折” 需层次化展现情绪的要求。
答案：We heard the exciting news from our music teacher during the break that our class’s chorus team, which had practiced day and night for three weeks, won the first prize in the school singing competition with their performance of “My Motherland and Me”, and we all jumped up and cheered loudly.
句意：课间休息时，我们从音乐老师那里听到了一个令人兴奋的消息 —— 我们班合唱团（三周来日夜排练）凭借《我和我的祖国》的表演，获得了学校歌唱比赛一等奖 —— 我们都跳起来大声欢呼。
句子分析：① 主句为 “We heard the exciting news from our music teacher during the break”，“during the break” 是时间状语，说明消息获取的时间；② “that our class’s chorus team...‘My Motherland and Me’” 是同位语从句，解释 “news” 的具体内容，that 仅起连接作用；③ 从句中 “which had practiced day and night for three weeks” 是定语从句，修饰 “chorus team”，补充团队的付出；“with their performance of ‘My Motherland and Me’” 是介词短语作状语，说明获奖的凭借；④ 句末 “and we all jumped up and cheered loudly” 是并列分句，描写听到消息后的动作反应，“jumped up and cheered loudly” 比简单 “cheered” 更具动态感，符合 “情感升华” 需展现热烈情绪的要求。
答案：The hiker, who had been walking in the mountain for four hours and clutching his map tightly, was extremely worried whether he could find the way back to the small campsite located by the stream before dark—especially since he was running out of water and his phone had no signal.
句意：那个在山里走了四个小时、紧紧抓着地图的徒步者，非常担心自己能否在天黑前找到回溪边小营地的路 —— 尤其是因为他的水快喝完了，手机也没信号。
句子分析：① 主句为 “The hiker...was extremely worried”，“who had been walking...clutching his map tightly” 是定语从句，修饰 “the hiker”，“walking” 与 “clutching” 是并列分词，补充徒步者的状态与动作；② “whether he could find...before dark” 是表语从句，作 “was extremely worried” 的表语，whether 表 “是否”，不可替换为 if；③ 从句中 “located by the stream” 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “the small campsite”，明确营地位置；破折号后 “especially since he was running out of water and his phone had no signal” 是原因状语从句，补充 “担心” 的具体原因，强化危机氛围；④ 细节（如 “running out of water”“no signal”）符合 “危机场景” 需营造紧张感的要求。
答案：Grandma, sitting on the old wooden chair in the living room with a smile on her face, shared the precious memory that she used to pick wild hawthorns and chrysanthemums with her younger sister in the lush mountain behind their village when she was 12 years old, and they would make hawthorn jam together after returning home.
句意：奶奶坐在客厅的旧木椅上，脸上带着微笑，分享了一段珍贵的回忆 ——12 岁时，她常和妹妹去村子后面的葱郁山林里摘野山楂和菊花，回家后她们会一起做山楂酱。
句子分析：① 主句为 “Grandma...shared the precious memory”，“sitting on...with a smile on her face” 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，补充奶奶的动作与神态；② “that she used to pick...after returning home” 是同位语从句，解释 “memory” 的具体内容，that 仅起连接作用；③ 从句中 “wild hawthorns and chrysanthemums” 明确采摘物品，“in the lush mountain behind their village” 明确地点，“when she was 12 years old” 明确时间；“and they would make hawthorn jam together after returning home” 是并列分句，补充回忆的后续内容，形成完整的 “采摘 — 制作” 场景链；④ 温馨细节（如 “lush mountain”“hawthorn jam”）符合 “怀旧场景” 需展现温暖感的要求。
V. 句子翻译（共 20 题）
第一部分：应用文场景（补充名词性从句翻译）
我们是否需要在毕业季组织一场 “旧书义卖” 活动来筹集毕业旅行的费用，仍需全班投票决定。（whether 引导主语从句 ——“班级活动建议信”）
译文：________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ still needs to be voted on by the whole class.
（提示：补充 “whether we need to organize an ‘old book charity sale’ during the graduation season to raise funds for the graduation trip”）
据通知，学校下周四将举办一场关于 “职业生涯规划” 的专题讲座，所有高三学生必须参加。（it 作形式主语 ——“校园通知”）
译文：It is announced that ________________________________________________________ ________________________, and all senior three students must attend.
（提示：补充 “our school will hold a special lecture on ‘career planning’ next Thursday”）
老师建议我们每天花 20 分钟阅读英文新闻，以扩大词汇量和提升阅读理解能力。（that 引导宾语从句 — 虚拟语气 ——“英语学习指导信”）
译文：The teacher suggested that ________________________________________________ to expand our vocabulary and improve our reading comprehension.
（提示：补充 “we (should) spend 20 minutes reading English news every day”）
关于谁将负责这次校园文化节的舞台设计，目前还没有最终决定。（who 引导主语从句 ——“文化节筹备会议纪要”）
译文：There is no final decision yet about ____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________.
（提示：补充 “who will be in charge of the stage design for this campus cultural festival”）
家长们最关心的是学校是否能保障学生在校期间的食品安全和校园安全。（whether 引导表语从句 ——“家长给学校的咨询信”）
译文：The biggest concern of parents is ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________.
（提示：补充 “whether the school can ensure the food safety and campus safety of students during their stay at school”）
我们毫不怀疑，积极参与由社区组织的志愿服务活动，不仅能为有需要的人群提供切实帮助，还能有效培养我们的社会责任感与团队协作能力。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“社会实践报告”）
译文：We have no doubt __________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________.
（提示：补充 “that actively participating in volunteer service activities organized by the community can not only provide practical help for people in need but also effectively cultivate our sense of social responsibility and teamwork ability”）
这家专注于人工智能领域的科技公司承诺，将为我校计算机专业的应届毕业生提供 10 个带薪实习岗位，并为表现优秀者提供转正机会，这一消息让全体毕业生都感到兴奋。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“校企合作意向书”）
译文：We were all excited by the news _______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________.
（提示：补充 “that the technology company focusing on the field of artificial intelligence promised to provide 10 paid internship positions for the graduates majoring in computer science of our school and offer conversion opportunities for those with outstanding performance”）
请通过邮件告知我们，你是否能参加下周五下午 2 点在学校国际会议厅举行的、以 “绿色校园建设与青少年环保责任” 为主题的研讨会，并在本周日晚 8 点前回复确认。（whether 引导宾语从句 ——“研讨会邀请信”）
译文：Please inform us via email ___________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________, and reply to confirm before 8 p.m. this Sunday.
（提示：补充 “whether you can attend the seminar themed ‘Green Campus Construction and Teenagers’ Environmental Protection Responsibility’ to be held at the school international conference hall at 2 p.m. next Friday”）
教育部门指出，解决当前中小学生作业负担过重问题的关键，在于教师是否能基于学生的认知水平与学习差异，优化作业设计并减少机械重复性的练习。（whether 引导表语从句 ——“教育减负讨论稿”）
译文：The education department points out that the key to solving the problem of heavy homework burden for primary and middle school students at present is ______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
（提示：补充 “whether teachers can optimize homework design and reduce mechanical and repetitive exercises based on students’ cognitive levels and learning differences”）
校长在全校教职工大会上正式宣布了学校将投资 500 万元新建一栋配备先进仪器设备的实验楼的决定，以满足学生开展科技创新项目与跨学科研究的需求。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“校园建设规划通知”）
译文：The principal officially announced the decision at the school staff meeting ______________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
（提示：补充 “that our school will invest 5 million yuan to build a new laboratory building equipped with advanced instruments and equipment to meet the needs of students for carrying out scientific and technological innovation projects and interdisciplinary research”）
第二部分：读后续写场景（读后续写高频主题 补充名词性从句翻译）
男孩听到他的画作获得全国青少年美术大赛一等奖的消息时，激动得说不出话来，紧紧抱住了身边的老师。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“成长类读后续写 情感升华”）
译文：When the boy heard the news ________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________, he was too excited to speak and hugged the teacher beside him tightly.
（提示：补充 “that his painting won the first prize in the national youth art competition”）
小女孩的恐惧是黑暗中是否会有怪物出现，她紧紧抱着枕头躲在被子里，不敢出声。（whether 引导表语从句 ——“成长类读后续写 心理描写”）
译文：The little girl’s fear was ______________________________________________________. She held her pillow tightly, hid under the quilt, and dared not make a sound.
（提示：补充 “whether there would be monsters in the dark”）
登山者们不确定他们能否在天黑前到达山顶的庇护所，刺骨的寒风让整个队伍都陷入了紧张。（whether 引导宾语从句 ——“冒险类读后续写 危机场景”）
译文：The mountaineers were not sure ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________, and the biting cold wind made the whole team fall into tension.
（提示：补充 “whether they could reach the shelter on the top of the mountain before dark”）
奶奶的骄傲是孙女在全国书法比赛中获得了金奖，她把奖状小心翼翼地挂在了客厅最显眼的地方。（that 引导表语从句 ——“亲情类读后续写 情感表达”）
译文：The grandmother’s pride was _________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________, and she hung the certificate carefully in the most prominent place in the living room.
（提示：补充 “that her granddaughter had won the gold award in the national calligraphy competition”）
消防员们有一个坚定的信念：他们一定能在火势蔓延前救出被困在着火大楼里的所有居民。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“英雄类读后续写 信念刻画”）
译文：The firefighters had a firm belief _______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________.
（提示：补充 “that they would definitely rescue all the residents trapped in the burning building before the fire spread”）
小明不知道他在春天亲手种下的那株向日葵，能否在北方寒冷多风的冬天存活下来，所以他每天放学后都会特意去花园查看，并用保温棉细心地将花茎包裹起来。（whether 引导宾语从句 ——“成长类读后续写 细节描写”）
译文：Xiao Ming didn’t know _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________, so he made a special trip to the garden to check it every day after school and carefully wrapped the stem with thermal cotton.
（提示：补充 “whether the sunflower he had planted with his own hands in spring could survive the cold and windy winter in the north”）
女孩收到笔友从遥远的巴黎寄来的明信片，上面用娟秀的字迹写着笔友下个月将来到她所在的城市旅游，并希望能一起参观当地的历史博物馆，这个突如其来的消息让她开心地跳了起来，立刻跑去告诉妈妈。（that 引导同位语从句 ——“友情类读后续写 惊喜场景”）
译文：The girl received a postcard from her pen pal in faraway Paris, on which there was a note in delicate handwriting saying ________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________. This unexpected news made her jump with joy and immediately run to tell her mother.
（提示：补充 “that her pen pal would come to her city for a trip next month and hoped to visit the local history museum together”）
老人坐在窗边，凝视着窗外飘落的秋叶，轻声诉说着他最大的遗憾 —— 年轻时为了忙于工厂的技术研发工作，没有抽出足够的时间陪伴年幼的孩子，如今孩子们都在国外定居，一年只能回国一次与他团聚。（that 引导表语从句 ——“怀旧类读后续写 情感转折”）
译文：Sitting by the window and gazing at the autumn leaves falling outside, the old man softly talked about his biggest regret—____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. Now all his children have settled abroad and can only return home once a year to reunite with him.
（提示：补充 “that he was too busy with the technical research and development work in the factory when he was young to spend enough time with his young children”）
穿着粉色护士服的护士微笑着告诉躺在病床上的病人，只要他严格按照医嘱按时服药、保持乐观的心态并配合康复训练，他的身体在一个月内就能基本康复，这番充满关怀的话让焦虑的病人安心了许多。（that 引导宾语从句 ——“温情类读后续写 安慰场景”）
译文：The nurse in a pink uniform smiled and told the patient lying in the hospital bed ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. This caring remark made the anxious patient feel much more at ease.
（提示：补充 “that his body would basically recover within a month as long as he took the medicine on time in strict accordance with the doctor’s advice, kept an optimistic attitude and cooperated with the rehabilitation training”）
围坐在草地上的孩子们好奇地提出了星星为什么会在深邃的夜空中闪烁这一问题，这让经验丰富的科学老师停下脚步，耐心地给他们讲解了恒星通过内部核聚变反应发光、以及大气层折射导致星光闪烁的科学原理。（why 引导同位语从句 ——“科普类读后续写 求知场景”）
译文：The children sitting around on the grass curiously put forward the question ___________________________________________________, which made the experienced science teacher stop and patiently explain to them the scientific principle that stars emit light through internal nuclear fusion reactions and that starlight twinkles due to atmospheric refraction.
（提示：补充 “why stars twinkle in the deep night sky”）
VI. 短文填空（共 2 篇）
短文 1：校园 “科技创新周” 活动筹备
Our school plans to organize a “Technology Innovation Week” next month to inspire students’ interest in science and technology. The core goal of this activity is 1. __________ it can help students understand the importance of innovation in the digital era. The science teacher proposed 2. __________ the school invite experts from the local university to give lectures on AI and robotics, but the key question is 3. __________ the experts will be available—we need to confirm 4. __________ the lecture hall can be booked on their schedule.
The student union is discussing 5. __________ kinds of activities they should design—whether robot competitions or science experiment shows—and 6. __________ these activities should be held. Some students suggest the playground, while others prefer the gym. The union president said 7. __________ the activities should be interesting and practical to attract more students, even if it seems 8. __________ they have little free time. However, a practical problem is 9. __________ we can get enough experimental equipment from the school, such as microscopes and circuit boards.
We also have the doubt 10. __________ the activity will conflict with our mid-term exams. The head teacher explained 11. __________ we can adjust the activity time if necessary, and 12. __________ volunteers are willing to help organize the event will be praised at the school assembly. She added that the reason we focus on this activity is 13. __________ it can bridge the gap between theory and practice.
短文 2：社区 “邻里互助日” 活动组织
To strengthen the connection between neighbors, our community plans to hold a “Neighborhood Mutual Aid Day” this weekend. The main purpose of this activity is 1. __________ we can help each other solve daily problems, such as repairing household appliances or tutoring children’s homework. The community worker suggested 2. __________ we divide the residents into small groups, but the problem is 3. __________ group should be responsible for the elderly community center—we need to choose from Group A, B and C.
We are also considering 4. __________ to prepare for the activity—whether to make handmade greeting cards for the elderly or buy fruits for them—and 5. __________ the elderly will feel happy with these gifts. The biggest worry is 6. __________ the weather will be bad this weekend; if it rains, we need to decide 7. __________ we should move the activity indoors or postpone it, and 8. __________ the indoor venue (like the community hall) is large enough.
The community leader shared the information 9. __________ there are 20 elderly families in need of help, and 10. __________ of these families has specific needs, like regular health checks. She also told us 11. __________ the activity will start at 9 a.m. on Saturday, and 12. __________ volunteers arrive late, they should contact the organizer in advance. We have the question 13. __________ we can finish all the work in three hours. Some residents proposed 14. __________ contributes to the activity, whether it’s time or materials, should be recorded in the community’s “Kindness Book”, and 15. __________ the reason we do this is 16. __________ we want to pass on the spirit of mutual help.
答案及解析
短文 1：校园 “科技创新周” 活动筹备
that（表语从句解释 “核心目标”，成分完整，that 仅起连接作用，无实际意义）
that（propose 表 “提议”，宾语从句需用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形，should 可省），that 起连接作用）
whether（表语从句表 “专家是否有空”，含不确定语气，用 whether 表 “是否”，不可用 if）
when（宾语从句缺时间状语，表 “确认专家日程上何时能预订报告厅”，用 when 表 “何时”）
what（宾语从句中 kinds of activities 缺定语，表 “什么样的活动”，用 what 修饰）
where（宾语从句缺地点状语，表 “讨论活动应在哪里举办”，结合后文 “操场 / 体育馆” 语境，用 where 表 “哪里”）
that（宾语从句成分完整，解释 president 的表述内容，that 仅起连接作用）
as if（表语从句表 “似乎他们几乎没有空闲时间”，as if 表 “好像、似乎”，符合 “即使看起来时间紧张也要吸引学生” 的逻辑）
whether（表语从句表 “能否获得足够设备”，用 whether 表 “是否”，符合 “问题” 的疑问语境）
whether（同位语从句解释 doubt 的内容，doubt 用于肯定句时，从句表 “不确定是否冲突”，用 whether）
that（宾语从句解释 “班主任的解释”，成分完整，that 仅起连接作用）
whoever（主语从句表 “无论谁愿意帮忙组织活动”，无范围限制，指代人，用 whoever，在从句中作主语）
because（表语从句表 “我们重视这项活动的原因是……”，because 表 “原因”，符合 “The reason...is because...” 的口语化合理表达，此处强调直接原因）
短文 2：社区 “邻里互助日” 活动组织
that（表语从句解释 “主要目的”，成分完整，that 仅起连接作用，无实际意义）
that（suggest 表 “建议”，宾语从句需用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形，should 可省），that 起连接作用）
which（表语从句表 “哪个小组负责老年活动中心”，有明确选择范围（A、B、C 组），用 which 表 “哪一个”）
what（宾语从句表 “准备什么东西”，缺宾语，用 what 指代 “准备的物品”）
whether（宾语从句表 “老人是否会喜欢这些礼物”，含不确定语气，用 whether 表 “是否”）
whether（表语从句表 “天气是否合适”，用 whether 表 “是否”，符合 “担忧” 的疑问语境）
whether（宾语从句表 “是移到室内还是推迟”，与 or 搭配表选择，用 whether 表 “是否”，不可用 if）
whether（宾语从句表 “室内场地是否足够大”，用 whether 表 “是否”，补充 “下雨时的场地顾虑”）
that（同位语从句解释 information 的内容，成分完整，that 仅起连接作用）
each（此处为定语从句省略（each of which），补充 “每个家庭都有特定需求”，与前文 20 户家庭呼应）
when（宾语从句缺时间状语，表 “告知活动何时开始”，结合后文 “周六上午 9 点”，用 when 表 “何时”）
if（宾语从句表 “如果志愿者迟到”，if 表 “如果”，引导条件状语从句，补充 “迟到后的应对措施”）
whether（同位语从句解释 question 的内容，表 “能否在三小时内完成工作”，用 whether 表 “是否”）
whatever（主语从句表 “无论为活动贡献什么”，无范围限制，指代事物（时间或物资），用 whatever，在从句中作宾语）
that（宾语从句解释 “居民提议的内容”，成分完整，that 仅起连接作用）
because（表语从句表 “我们做这件事的原因是……”，because 表 “原因”，解释 “记录善举” 的目的是传递互助精神）
