高中英语语法详解大全Part18定语从句 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
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高中英语语法详解大全（讲义）
Part 18 定语从句
定语从句指在复合句中修饰名词或代词起定语作用的从句，因其在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又被称为形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词；定语从句由关系词来引导，可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
要点提示
非限制性定语从句可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子，用关系代词as或which引导。如：
He changed his mind, which makes me very angry.
他改变了主意，这使我很生气。
As you know, we can’t do without rules.
如你所知，我们不能没有规则。
练一练
1. Whenever I met him, ______was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. when
2. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ______are women.
A. them
B. which
C. whom
D. who
3. This is Mr. Smith, ______I think has something interesting to tell us.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. /
1. B 2. C 3. A
2 关系词
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词通常有三个作用：引导一个定语从句；在定语从句中代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分。根据关系词在定语从句中的功能，可分为关系代词与关系副词。关系代词在定语从句主要作主语、宾语、表语或定语，关系副词在从句中作状语。
练一练
用适当的关系词填空：
1. I still remember the day ______I first came to the school.
2. This is the school ______I used to study.
3. He lives in the room ______window faces to the south.
1. when 2. where 3. whose
要点提示
1. 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+which ”结构，因此常常和“介词+which ”结构互换使用。其中，when=at/in/on/during which, where=in/at which, why=for which 。如：
I’ll never forget the day when（on which） we first met.
我永远不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。
Is this the reason why（for which） he refused our offer
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2. 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句，这个结构前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：
Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office
你认识我们经理在办公室谈话的那位女士吗？
Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.
迄今为止，他写了十部小说，其中三部是关于农村生活的。
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。
3.whose从句指物时可转换为“of+关系代词”结构。如：
They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.
=They live in a house, the door of which opens to the south.
他们住在一所房子里，房子的门向南开。
4. the way作先行词，且在从句中作主语时，用that/which；作宾语时，用that/which或省略；作状语时，用that/in which或省略。如：
练一练
1. This is the way ______she studies English.
A. how
B. that
C. whose
D. which
2. The matter ______you were arguing about last night has been settled.
A. that
B. what
C. why
D. for which
3. He was born in the year ______the Anti-Japanese War broke out.
A. which
B. when
C. that
D. on which
1. B 2. A 3. B
1. that与which的用法区别
巧记小助手
巧记定语从句中只用that不用which的情况：
that, which代表物，区别听我来叙述；
先行若是不定代，that就把which踹；
先行词前有两数， 就用that定无误；
先行词前最高级， 还用that必无疑；
先行词前有人、物，只用that就能顾；
句中若有there be，that应把which替；
先行主句中作表语， 避免重复从句里；
just, the only, the very, the same, the last, 其后也要用that。
练一练
1. Is oxygen the only gas ______helps fire burn
A. that
B. /
C. which
D. it
2. They asked him to tell them everything ______he saw at the front.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. where
3. I like the second football match _______ was held last week.
A. which
B. who
C. that
D. /
1. A 2. B 3. C
2. as与which引导定语从句的异同
练一练
1. I have bought the same dress ______she is wearing.
A. as
B. that
C. which
D. what
2. ______you know, he comes from Beijing.
A. Which
B. That
C. As
D. What
3. Tom has passed the test, ______nobody knows.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. it
1. A 2. C 3. B
3 定语从句与同位语从句的区别
被修饰的词不同 同位语从句的前面一般是表示抽象意义的名词；定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句
The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.
李先生将是我们的新英语老师，这个消息是真的。
The news that he told me is true.他告诉我的消息是真的。
从句的作用不同 同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容，而定语从句是对先行词的限制、描绘或说明
The fact that the earth moves round the sun is known to all.
地球围着太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。
The mother made a promise that pleased all her children .
妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。
引导词不同 what, how, whether等不能引导定语从句，但可引导同位语从句
You have no idea how worried I was !你不知道我多着急!
We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting .我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖。
引导词的作用不同 引导定语从句的关系代词that在从句中担当一定的句子成分；而引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不担当任何成分
比较下列每组句子：
练一练
1. She heard a terrible noise, ______brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it
B. which
C. this
D. that
2. I can’t stand the terrible noise ______she is crying loudly.
A. it
B. which
C. this
D. that
3. We ought to often ask ourselves the question ______we’ve made any progress.
A. if
B. whether
C. that
D. which
1. B 2. D 3. B
定语从句习题
一、单项填空
1. Finally he reached a lonely island ______was completely cut off from the outside world.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. whom
2. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ______they live.
A. what
B. which
C. when
D. where
3. ______is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
A. It
B. That
C. What
D. As
4. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those______lives were affected.
A. whose
B. that
C. who
D. which
5. He wrote a letter ______he explained what had happened in the accident.
A. what
B. which
C. where
D. how
6. He may win the competition, ______he is likely to get into the national team.
A. in which case
B. in thatcase
C. in what case
D. in whose case
7. In our class there are 46 students, ______half wear glasses.
A. in whom
B. in them
C. of whom
D. of them
8. By 16:30, ______was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.
A. which
B. when
C. what
D. that
9. We live in an age ______more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A. why
B. when
C. to whom
D. on which
10. Happiness and success often come to those ______are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A. whom
B. who
C. what
D. which
二、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1. She is going to spend the summer holidays in Shanghai, ______she has some friends.
2. He talked about the teachers and schools ______he had visited.
3. This is the hour ______the place is always full of women and children.
4. The prize will go to the writer ______story shows the most imagination.
5. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ______you can hire to reach your host family.
6. Is this the place ______your father once lived
7. This is the reason ______I was angry.
8. He was the second ______told me the secret.
9. The thing about ______he is talking is of great importance.
10. ______is often the case, he came late for class today.
答案解析
一、单项填空
1. 【解析】 选C。句意：最后他到达一个完全与世隔绝的孤岛。定语从句中缺少主语，因此使用关系代词；先行词island指物，故使用关系代词which。
2. 【解析】 选D。句意：如今人们越来越关心他们居住的环境。根据句意可知，从句类型为定语从句，先行词为the environment。定语从句中live为不及物动词，因此不缺少主干成分，应选关系副词；且先行词environment指地点，故用where，相当于in which。
3. 【解析】 选D。句意：正如孩子们常有的情况一样，医生到的时候艾米就好多了。此处as引导的非限制性定语从句位于主句之前，指代整个主句内容。
4. 【解析】 选A。句意：这本书从那些生活受到地震影响的人们的角度讲述地震的故事。其中those作为先行词，定语从句中缺少lives的定语，故用whose。
5. 【解析】 选C。句意：他写了一封解释在事故中所发生的事情的信。从句类型为定语从句，定语从句中谓语explain后接what引导的宾语从句作宾语，因此不缺少主干成分，排除B项；A、D项不能引导定语从句，故答案为C。
6. 【解析】 选A。in thatcase是介词短语，不能用作连词。若要连接两个句子，应为and in thatcase，故排除B项。in which case引导定语从句，which指代前面这句话。句意为：他可能赢得这场比赛，如果这样的话，他就可能进入国家队。
7. 【解析】 选C。前后句之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them，而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句。又根据句意，“在46个学生当中”，表所属应用of，故答案选C。
8. 【解析】 选A。句意：到16:30差不多是截止时间时，几乎所有的画都售出了。由句意可知，考查非限制性定语从句，排除C、D；又根据句子结构，定语从句缺少主语，故选关系代词which。
9. 【解析】 选B。when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）。此处的when=in which。
10. 【解析】 选B。先行词为those，指人；定语从句中缺少主语，故使用关系代词who。
二、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1. 【解析】 where。本句先行词为Shanghai，表示地点；定语从句中又不缺少主干成分，故用关系副词where在句中作地点状语。
2. 【解析】 that。本句先行词为teachers and schools，既指人又指物，且定语从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词that。
3. 【解析】 when。本句先行词为hour，表示时间；定语从句中又不缺少主干成分，故用关系副词when在句中作时间状语。
4. 【解析】 whose。本句先行词为writer，它和从句中的主语story有所属关系，译为“作者的故事”，因此为whose。
5. 【解析】 that/which。本句先行词为taxis，从句中谓语动词hire后缺宾语，故用关系代词that或which。
6. 【解析】 where。句意：这是你父亲曾经住过的地方吗？本句先行词是the place，表示地点；定语从句中不缺少主干成分，故用关系副词where，在句中作地点状语。
7. 【解析】 why。句意：这就是我生气的原因。本句先行词是the reason，表示原因；定语从句中不缺少主干成分，故用关系副词why，在句中作原因状语。
8. 【解析】 that。句意：他是第二个告诉我这个秘密的人。本句先行词是the second，在定语从句中作主语。先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，关系代词只能用that。
9. 【解析】 which。句意：他正在谈论的事情非常重要。本句先行词是The thing，在定语从句中作宾语；介词about提前，故用关系代词which。
10.【解析】 As。句意：一如往常，他今天上课又迟到了。这是一个非限制性定语从句，且空格位于句首，故用as，代替后面整句的意思，意为“正如……”。which引导非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，且没有“正如……；就像……那样”这层意思。
Part 18 定语从句
定语从句指在复合句中修饰名词或代词起定语作用的从句，因其在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又被称为形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词；定语从句由关系词来引导，可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
要点提示
非限制性定语从句可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子，用关系代词as或which引导。如：
He changed his mind, which makes me very angry.
他改变了主意，这使我很生气。
As you know, we can’t do without rules.
如你所知，我们不能没有规则。
练一练
1. Whenever I met him, ______was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. when
2. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ______are women.
A. them
B. which
C. whom
D. who
3. This is Mr. Smith, ______I think has something interesting to tell us.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. /
1. B 2. C 3. A
2 关系词
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词通常有三个作用：引导一个定语从句；在定语从句中代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分。根据关系词在定语从句中的功能，可分为关系代词与关系副词。关系代词在定语从句主要作主语、宾语、表语或定语，关系副词在从句中作状语。
练一练
用适当的关系词填空：
1. I still remember the day ______I first came to the school.
2. This is the school ______I used to study.
3. He lives in the room ______window faces to the south.
1. when 2. where 3. whose
要点提示
1. 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+which ”结构，因此常常和“介词+which ”结构互换使用。其中，when=at/in/on/during which, where=in/at which, why=for which 。如：
I’ll never forget the day when（on which） we first met.
我永远不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。
Is this the reason why（for which） he refused our offer
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2. 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句，这个结构前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：
Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office
你认识我们经理在办公室谈话的那位女士吗？
Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.
迄今为止，他写了十部小说，其中三部是关于农村生活的。
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。
3.whose从句指物时可转换为“of+关系代词”结构。如：
They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.
=They live in a house, the door of which opens to the south.
他们住在一所房子里，房子的门向南开。
4. the way作先行词，且在从句中作主语时，用that/which；作宾语时，用that/which或省略；作状语时，用that/in which或省略。如：
练一练
1. This is the way ______she studies English.
A. how
B. that
C. whose
D. which
2. The matter ______you were arguing about last night has been settled.
A. that
B. what
C. why
D. for which
3. He was born in the year ______the Anti-Japanese War broke out.
A. which
B. when
C. that
D. on which
1. B 2. A 3. B
1. that与which的用法区别
巧记小助手
巧记定语从句中只用that不用which的情况：
that, which代表物，区别听我来叙述；
先行若是不定代，that就把which踹；
先行词前有两数， 就用that定无误；
先行词前最高级， 还用that必无疑；
先行词前有人、物，只用that就能顾；
句中若有there be，that应把which替；
先行主句中作表语， 避免重复从句里；
just, the only, the very, the same, the last, 其后也要用that。
练一练
1. Is oxygen the only gas ______helps fire burn
A. that
B. /
C. which
D. it
2. They asked him to tell them everything ______he saw at the front.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. where
3. I like the second football match _______ was held last week.
A. which
B. who
C. that
D. /
1. A 2. B 3. C
2. as与which引导定语从句的异同
练一练
1. I have bought the same dress ______she is wearing.
A. as
B. that
C. which
D. what
2. ______you know, he comes from Beijing.
A. Which
B. That
C. As
D. What
3. Tom has passed the test, ______nobody knows.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. it
1. A 2. C 3. B
3 定语从句与同位语从句的区别
被修饰的词不同 同位语从句的前面一般是表示抽象意义的名词；定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句
The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.
李先生将是我们的新英语老师，这个消息是真的。
The news that he told me is true.他告诉我的消息是真的。
从句的作用不同 同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容，而定语从句是对先行词的限制、描绘或说明
The fact that the earth moves round the sun is known to all.
地球围着太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。
The mother made a promise that pleased all her children .
妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。
引导词不同 what, how, whether等不能引导定语从句，但可引导同位语从句
You have no idea how worried I was !你不知道我多着急!
We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting .我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖。
引导词的作用不同 引导定语从句的关系代词that在从句中担当一定的句子成分；而引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不担当任何成分
比较下列每组句子：
练一练
1. She heard a terrible noise, ______brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it
B. which
C. this
D. that
2. I can’t stand the terrible noise ______she is crying loudly.
A. it
B. which
C. this
D. that
3. We ought to often ask ourselves the question ______we’ve made any progress.
A. if
B. whether
C. that
D. which
1. B 2. D 3. B
定语从句习题
一、单项填空
1. Finally he reached a lonely island ______was completely cut off from the outside world.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. whom
2. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ______they live.
A. what
B. which
C. when
D. where
3. ______is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
A. It
B. That
C. What
D. As
4. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those______lives were affected.
A. whose
B. that
C. who
D. which
5. He wrote a letter ______he explained what had happened in the accident.
A. what
B. which
C. where
D. how
6. He may win the competition, ______he is likely to get into the national team.
A. in which case
B. in thatcase
C. in what case
D. in whose case
7. In our class there are 46 students, ______half wear glasses.
A. in whom
B. in them
C. of whom
D. of them
8. By 16:30, ______was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.
A. which
B. when
C. what
D. that
9. We live in an age ______more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A. why
B. when
C. to whom
D. on which
10. Happiness and success often come to those ______are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A. whom
B. who
C. what
D. which
二、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1. She is going to spend the summer holidays in Shanghai, ______she has some friends.
2. He talked about the teachers and schools ______he had visited.
3. This is the hour ______the place is always full of women and children.
4. The prize will go to the writer ______story shows the most imagination.
5. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ______you can hire to reach your host family.
6. Is this the place ______your father once lived
7. This is the reason ______I was angry.
8. He was the second ______told me the secret.
9. The thing about ______he is talking is of great importance.
10. ______is often the case, he came late for class today.
答案解析
一、单项填空
1. 【解析】 选C。句意：最后他到达一个完全与世隔绝的孤岛。定语从句中缺少主语，因此使用关系代词；先行词island指物，故使用关系代词which。
2. 【解析】 选D。句意：如今人们越来越关心他们居住的环境。根据句意可知，从句类型为定语从句，先行词为the environment。定语从句中live为不及物动词，因此不缺少主干成分，应选关系副词；且先行词environment指地点，故用where，相当于in which。
3. 【解析】 选D。句意：正如孩子们常有的情况一样，医生到的时候艾米就好多了。此处as引导的非限制性定语从句位于主句之前，指代整个主句内容。
4. 【解析】 选A。句意：这本书从那些生活受到地震影响的人们的角度讲述地震的故事。其中those作为先行词，定语从句中缺少lives的定语，故用whose。
5. 【解析】 选C。句意：他写了一封解释在事故中所发生的事情的信。从句类型为定语从句，定语从句中谓语explain后接what引导的宾语从句作宾语，因此不缺少主干成分，排除B项；A、D项不能引导定语从句，故答案为C。
6. 【解析】 选A。in thatcase是介词短语，不能用作连词。若要连接两个句子，应为and in thatcase，故排除B项。in which case引导定语从句，which指代前面这句话。句意为：他可能赢得这场比赛，如果这样的话，他就可能进入国家队。
7. 【解析】 选C。前后句之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them，而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句。又根据句意，“在46个学生当中”，表所属应用of，故答案选C。
8. 【解析】 选A。句意：到16:30差不多是截止时间时，几乎所有的画都售出了。由句意可知，考查非限制性定语从句，排除C、D；又根据句子结构，定语从句缺少主语，故选关系代词which。
9. 【解析】 选B。when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）。此处的when=in which。
10. 【解析】 选B。先行词为those，指人；定语从句中缺少主语，故使用关系代词who。
二、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1. 【解析】 where。本句先行词为Shanghai，表示地点；定语从句中又不缺少主干成分，故用关系副词where在句中作地点状语。
2. 【解析】 that。本句先行词为teachers and schools，既指人又指物，且定语从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词that。
3. 【解析】 when。本句先行词为hour，表示时间；定语从句中又不缺少主干成分，故用关系副词when在句中作时间状语。
4. 【解析】 whose。本句先行词为writer，它和从句中的主语story有所属关系，译为“作者的故事”，因此为whose。
5. 【解析】 that/which。本句先行词为taxis，从句中谓语动词hire后缺宾语，故用关系代词that或which。
6. 【解析】 where。句意：这是你父亲曾经住过的地方吗？本句先行词是the place，表示地点；定语从句中不缺少主干成分，故用关系副词where，在句中作地点状语。
7. 【解析】 why。句意：这就是我生气的原因。本句先行词是the reason，表示原因；定语从句中不缺少主干成分，故用关系副词why，在句中作原因状语。
8. 【解析】 that。句意：他是第二个告诉我这个秘密的人。本句先行词是the second，在定语从句中作主语。先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，关系代词只能用that。
9. 【解析】 which。句意：他正在谈论的事情非常重要。本句先行词是The thing，在定语从句中作宾语；介词about提前，故用关系代词which。
10.【解析】 As。句意：一如往常，他今天上课又迟到了。这是一个非限制性定语从句，且空格位于句首，故用as，代替后面整句的意思，意为“正如……”。which引导非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，且没有“正如……；就像……那样”这层意思。