Unit 4 Fun with science
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．twinkle vi. n．
2． adj.裸露的；无遮盖的
3．blend n． vt. vi.
4． n．立足点；立足处
5． n．肥胖
6． adj.认知的
7．bloodstream n．
8． n．神经；(pl.)神经质，神经紧张；勇气，气魄
9． n．移植；移植器官 vt.移植(器官)
10．vaccine n．
11．malnutrition n．
12．droplet n．
13． vt.测定(整套基因或分子成分的)序列；按顺序排列n.顺序，次序；一系列，一连串
14． adj.相像 adv.十分相像地；两者都，同样地
15． vi.& vt.融化，(使)熔化；软化，变得温柔
16． n．奇迹，不平凡的事；极好的例子，精品
17．vapour (AmE vapor)n.
18． n．湿度；高温潮湿
19．carpenter n．
20． vt.& vi. (使)加强，增强
21． adj.稳定的；匀速的；平稳的，稳固的→steadily adv.稳定地；平稳地
22．dense adj.密集的→ n．密度；密集，稠密
23． adj.香的，芳香的→fragrance n．香气
24．isolate v．(使)隔离→ n．隔离；孤独，孤立状态
25． vt.注射；增加→injection n．注射
26． vt.积累vi.逐渐增加→accumulation n．积累
27． vt.& vi.抵制；反抗；抵挡→resistance n．抵制；反对；抗拒→ adj.抵制的；有抵抗力的
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．the naked eye
2． 适应；与……合得来
3． 抵消，对消
4．be inset into
5． 构成
6． 使显露/暴露于；使……接触
Ⅲ.经典句型
1．otherwise引起的含蓄虚拟句
After many failed attempts，he attached his camera to a microscope and set up his equipment outside，otherwise the snowflakes quickly.
在多次尝试失败后，他将相机连接到显微镜上，并将设备安装在室外，否则雪花会很快融化。
2．but for引起的含蓄虚拟句
But for Bentley’s tireless work，we that every single snowflake is unique.
要不是本特利不知疲倦的工作，我们不会知道每一片雪花都是独一无二的。
3．the＋序数词＋n.＋to do sth
In the 17th century，French physicist Guillaume Amontons drafted laws about it，which became .
在17世纪，法国物理学家纪尧姆·阿蒙东起草了相关法律，它成为第一个有记载出版的摩擦定律。
4．have sb doing sth 使某人处于做某事的状态
Currently，bionics the natural world for original ideas to stimulate their creativity.
目前，仿生学促使科学家们急切地在自然界中寻找独到的想法，以激发他们的创造力。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
When American anthropologist Colin Turnbull published The Mountain People in 1972，he referred to his subjects—a Ugandan group called the Ik—as “the loveless people”. After two years of observations，he decided that they reflected humanity’s basest(最卑劣的) instincts(本能)：cheat，thievery，and pitilessness.But when Athena Aktipis and her colleagues from the Human Generosity Project took a deeper look，they identified a community that shared everything.“Turnbull had visited Uganda during a disastrous famine(饥荒)．All he saw is what happens when people are starving，” says Aktipis.But her team revealed that despite living under pressure，the Ik placed a high value on helping one another when they could.
Aktipis believes that altruism is more common and beneficial than evolutionary social science has long thought.“It was assumed that people are designed to only do things to help themselves or their relatives，” she says.By studying the unique，selfless practices that helped nine communities across the world to continue to exist，the experts from the project are looking to show that we are indeed capable of widespread cooperation.
The Maasai people in Kenya provide one of the project’s main points.They rely on two-way friendships for resources like food or water when they’re in need，without expecting any repayment.Also，a world away，in New Mexico，while folks often help transport cattle and receive support in return，they will assist without repayment if someone faces difficulties，such as an injury or the death of a loved one.
Aktipis believes theoretical frameworks she’s perfected through studying these groups can apply broadly to any interdependent systems.Her big goal is to design social-service systems that support everyone.Take market-based insurance in the United States as an example: It’s priced based on individual risk factors such as health histories and where people live，which means millions of Americans can’t afford it.But in a system built on neighboring，pooled costs(合并成本) would level the burden during collective hardship like natural disasters.
1．What did Turnbull think of the Ik people
A．Heartless. B．Helpful.
C．Restless. D．Generous.
2．What does the underlined word “altruism” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Trying to be strong and tough to survive.
B．Making full use of the surrounding resources.
C．Being devoted to themselves or their relatives.
D．Caring about the needs and happiness of others.
3．What does paragraph 3 intend to convey
A．Friendships guarantee a happy life.
B．Folks assist each other to get support.
C．Cooperation is a good and natural instinct.
D．People tend to provide resources for free.
4．How does Aktipis intend to apply her findings
A．By designing a policy for public health.
B．By monitoring individual health histories.
C．By creating a system against collective hardship.
D．By lowering insurance prices for individual victims.
Ⅱ.七选五
For people who are planning a trip，a visit to a museum might not be the first thing they think of.After all，there are plenty of ways to appreciate the world’s civilization，gain exciting experiences and spend quality time with family and friends. 1
Museums are where people learn something new，at every age! Are you interested in something specific？ 2 There，you will find yourself drawn in and inspired! Museums are a fantastic place to learn about a region’s history，scientific achievements，major cultural events，and of course，dinosaurs.They also design exhibitions related to visual arts，industrial innovations and anything that inspires an individual to learn about the past and create new paths to the future.
3 They will surely be an exciting part of the educational experience with the main purpose to expose children to knowledge of various fields and expand their horizons.To achieve that，museums are working to create meaningful and engaging activities，interactive and knowledge-based.
Museums support tourism.They are tourism promoters in small towns and large cities.Museums aren’t a burden on tax revenue (税收) or a separate concern from other city projects. 4 Statistics show that museums support more than 726,000 jobs in America.
Museums shape communities.They have activities and exhibitions through which visitors can learn about local history.Museums are places where a shared heritage is celebrated and a collective identity is formed.They provide an interesting public space where people meet and talk to each other. 5
A．Museums bring out the best qualities in children.
B．Museums often deliver kids-centered exhibitions.
C．Instead，they generate funding and fuel employment.
D．Then，visit a local museum to learn about that subject.
E．Even shopping at the gift shop there is an opportunity for connection.
F．On the contrary，they consume a small percentage of city funds annually.
G．The fact，however，is that museums offer magical benefits in many ways.
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Trust
“Settle down！” Mr Taylor was trying to calm the boys with a loud voice.The moment they entered the gym and saw the climbing walls towering over them，the boys got excited and started making noises.But Stevie was an exception，who was standing aside looking at his thin arms silently.Stevie didn’t like climbing.It wasn’t his thing.Getting along with people wasn’t his thing，either.He just felt nobody liked or trusted him at school.
Then came the coach，who taught the boys some basic skills.He said everyone should have a climbing partner and showed them how to belay(保护) their partner.“If you are a climber，trust your belayer and challenge yourself.Belayers，please remember that your partner’s life depends on you.”
The moment he finished，the boys couldn’t wait to match themselves with a partner except Stevie，who was left alone wandering around the gym.Noticing his embarrassment，Mr Taylor raised his voice and said，“I need someone I can really trust to team up with！” He looked around.Then his gaze fell upon Stevie.“How about you，Stevie Would you like to be my belayer？” “Me？” Stevie widened his eyes，surprised to hear Mr Taylor even say his name.He had thought he was invisible.“I guess，” Stevie managed a weak smile.
Nervous as he was，he plucked up courage.“It doesn’t matter who gets to the top first.It’s about giving it a go.” Hearing Mr Taylor’s words，Stevie gritted(咬紧牙关) his teeth and moved up slowly，his face pressed against the rough surface.“Done it！” Stevie finally called from the top with excitement.Then Mr Taylor started to let him down through a perfect control of the rope.“Well done，” said Mr Taylor when Stevie landed on the floor.
Now it’s Stevie’s turn to control the rope.Bearing in mind his responsibility，Stevie carefully watched as Mr Taylor climbed up，pulling in the rope hand over hand.He felt his heart racing wildly.Finally，Mr Taylor arrived at the top.“Ready to let me down now？” said Mr Taylor.“Okay，” Stevie took a deep breath，his palms sweating uncontrollably.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
As Stevie loosened the grip，the rope slipped through his hand much faster than expected.___
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Suddenly，the boys burst into wild applause and yelled encouragement at them.___________
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答案精析
基础知识盘点
Ⅰ.1.闪烁；(眼睛因兴奋)发亮 闪耀，闪烁；(眼睛的)闪亮
2．naked 3.混合物；融合 使混合 (和某物)融合
4．foothold 5.obesity 6.cognitive 7.血流，体内循环的血液 8.nerve 9.transplant 10.疫苗 11.营养不良
12．小滴 13.sequence 14.alike 15.melt 16.miracle
17．蒸气，雾气 18.humidity 19.木匠，木工 20.intensify 21.steady 22.density 23.fragrant 24.isolation 25.inject 26.accumulate 27.resist resistant
Ⅱ.1.肉眼 2.fit in with 3.cancel out 4.被嵌入
5．make up 6.expose...to
Ⅲ.1.would have melted 2.would not know 3.the first laws of friction to be recorded in print 4.has scientists eagerly combing
能力提升精练
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述Athena Aktipis通过研究发现，利他主义比进化社会科学长期以来认为的更为普遍和有益，可以通过合作建立一个对抗集体困难的制度。
1．A [观点态度题。根据第一段第一句“美国人类学家Colin Turnbull在1972年出版了《山民》，他把他的研究对象——一个叫作Ik的乌干达群体——称为’无爱的人’”可知，Turnbull认为Ik人很无情，故选A。]
2．D [词义猜测题。根据第一段末句“但她的团队透露，尽管生活在压力之下，但Ik人非常重视在可能的情况下帮助他人”及画线词下文“人们被认为只会做有利于自己或亲人的事情”可知，人们实际上比以往的学术观点更倾向于帮助他人，故推测画线词应表示关心和帮助他人，与D项意义相近，故选D。]
3．C [推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句中“……我们其实有能力进行广泛合作”和第三段提到肯尼亚的马赛人依靠双向友谊互相帮助而不期望任何回报以及新墨西哥州的人们会为遇到困难的人无偿提供帮助可知，本段旨在通过两个例子表明合作是一种良好而自然的本能，故选C。]
4．C [推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Aktipis认为，她通过研究这些群体而完善的理论框架可以广泛应用于任何相互依存的系统”以及最后一句“但在一个建立在友邻基础上的体系中，在自然灾害等集体困难时期，合并成本将减轻负担”可知，Aktipis打算通过建立一个对抗集体困难的制度来应用她的发现，故选C。]
Ⅱ.
1．G [根据上文“For people who are planning a trip，a visit to a museum might not be the first thing they think of.After all，there are plenty of ways to appreciate...”可知，此处提到人们在计划旅行时有很多选择，博物馆可能不是人们的首选地址，G项“The fact，however，is that museums offer magical benefits in many ways.”中的however表明，其实去博物馆有许多益处，此处点明本文的主题且衔接下文。故选G项。]
2．D [根据上文“Museums are where people learn something new，at every age! Are you interested in something specific？”可知，可以去博物馆观看感兴趣的东西；D项“Then，visit a local museum to learn about that subject.”中的that subject指代上文的something specific，衔接上下文。故选D项。]
3．B [空处位于段首，为本段中心句。根据下文“They will surely be an exciting part of the educational experience with the main purpose to expose children to knowledge of various fields and expand their horizons.”可知，博物馆可以让孩子们受到教育，B项“博物馆经常举办以儿童为中心的展览”能够概括本段内容。故选B项。]
4．C [根据上文“Museums support tourism...Museums aren’t a burden on tax revenue(税收)．..projects.”可知，本段涉及博物馆对城市旅游业的推动；C项“Instead，they generate funding and fuel employment.”与上文为转折关系，并呼应下文“Statistics show that museums support more than 726,000 jobs in America.”。故选C项。]
5．E [根据上文“Museums shape communities.They have activities and exhibitions...”可知，本段涉及博物馆塑造社区的功能，博物馆作为一个公共空间，人们可以相互交流；E项“即使是在礼品店购物，也有机会建立联系”呼应本段主题。故选E项。]
Ⅲ.参考范文
As Stevie loosened the grip，the rope slipped through his hand much faster than expected.Suddenly，Mr Taylor dropped like a stone.Stevie let out a little scream.The picture of Mr Taylor hitting the ground flashed over his mind.He quickly gripped the rope，bringing Mr Taylor to a sudden stop.Regretful and cautious，Stevie looked up and saw Mr Taylor wearing a smile and encouraging him with an inspiring gesture，which made him less nervous.Then he restarted loosening the grip slowly.Finally，Mr Taylor dropped smoothly down to the bottom and signaled to Stevie with a thumbs-up.“You made it！”
Suddenly，the boys burst into wild applause and yelled encouragement at them.When Mr Taylor stepped forward and gave Stevie a big hug，a ripple of excitement and pride ran through him.From that day on，Stevie opened his heart to the people around him.He made new friends at school.He even fell in love with climbing where he was regarded as a trustworthy teammate.Grateful to Mr Taylor，he knew deep down in his heart that it was his teacher’s trust that allowed him to embrace his new self and others.Unit 2 Building the future
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．fossil n．
2．dioxide n．
3．scenario n．(pl.scenarios)
4．infrastructure n．
5．grid n．
6．optimize vt.
7． vt.降低，削弱(尤指质量)；使退化，使降解；降低……的身份，侮辱……的人格，使受屈辱 vi.退化，降解，分解
8．landfill n．
9．dough n．
10．oven n．
11． vt.& vi.保护，保障，捍卫
12． n．吃剩的食物，残羹剩饭；遗留物，残存物 adj.剩下的，多余的
13． vt.& vi.撒，撒播；散开，四散
14． n．潮，潮汐，潮水；潮流，趋势；怒潮；高涨的情绪
15． vi.突然消失；不复存在，消亡，绝迹
16． vt.(尤指在不合适的地方)丟弃，扔掉，倾倒；丢下，抛弃 n．垃圾场，废物堆
17． adj.热带的，来自热带的，产于热带的
18． n．奔涌向前，突然的向上运动；(强烈感情的)突发；(数量的)急剧上升，激增 vi.涌，汹涌；使强烈地感到；急剧上升，飞涨
19． n．庇护，避难；收容所，避难所；庇护者，慰藉
20． adj.不可避免的，不能防止的；总会发生的，照例必有的，惯常的→evitable adj.可以避免的
21． vt.发出，射出，散发→emission n．排放；(光、热、气等的)发出；射出；排放物；散发物
22． vi.加速，加快 vt.使加速，使加快→acceleration n．加快；加速度；加速
23． vt.使生效，贯彻，执行，实施→implementation n．实施
24．decompose v．分解→ n．分解
Ⅱ.核心短语
1． 枯竭，耗尽；干涸
2．open the door to
3．wind up
4．in hot water
Ⅲ.经典句型
1．状语从句的省略
，the batteries leak dangerous chemicals into the environment.
如果没有被合理回收，电池会将危险化学物质泄漏到环境中。
2．with的复合结构
，a future with renewable energy may be difficult to predict.
考虑到这些挑战，未来是否会使用可再生能源可能很难预测。
3．where引导的定语从句
A solar collector would be placed in a location to capture higher levels of solar energy for longer periods.
一个太阳能收集器将被放置在一个有恒定阳光的地方，以在更长时间内捕获更高水平的太阳能。
4．完全倒装
thousands of islands.
在这片海洋上散布着成千上万的岛屿。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024·浙江绍兴三模)
The Yellow River is the cradle of China’s civilization.And flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it.Now，scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin.
The digital twin of the Yellow River uses various technologies，including big data，artificial intelligence，and the Internet.Devices set up along the river collect and transmit information to the command center.Based on the information，a 3D model of the river is presented on the computer screen.It’s like the Yellow River has a twin that reflects its real conditions.
One big breakthrough in the river’s digital governance is “smart stones”．According to Wang Qin，a lead researcher at the Information Center of Yellow River Henan Bureau，a smart stone is a water-proof stone-shaped device with chips，a battery，and a signal transmitter.They are buried in important dike locations to record and report the movement of dike stones.“Upon feeling movement of the dike stones，the smart stone sends an alarm to the command center for quick response，” Wang said.
“In the past，researchers had to learn the conditions of the dike on the spot by themselves，putting their lives at risk，” said Zhao Xiaoxiong from the bureau.“Now the smart stones can do this for us，more safely，quickly，and accurately.”
And in the sky，drones(无人机) are flying.On the routes designed by engineers，the drones become expert patrollers(巡逻员) of the river，looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects.According to Shen Lin from the Yellow River Conservancy Commission，thanks to the drones，researchers at the command center can get first-hand photos and information.“Researchers then update the 3D model according to the changes the drones reported.The newly updated model helps us test our floodwater release plans in case we ever need to batten down the hatches，” said Shen.
Under the water and up in the sky，intelligent systems are helping to protect the Yellow River Basin on all fronts.According to the Ministry of Water Resources，in the future，we can expect to see the construction of an even more comprehensive digital system for this important river.
1．What is the purpose of creating a digital twin of the Yellow River
A．To popularize the digital information.
B．To promote the local economic development.
C．To increase the effectiveness of flood prevention.
D．To arouse the awareness of environmental protection.
2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．The significance of smart stones.
B．The components of smart stones.
C．The design feature of smart stones.
D．The working principle of smart stones.
3．What is the function of drones in the digital governance
A．To take wildlife photos.
B．To update the previous model.
C．To collect the needed information.
D．To test the floodwater release plans.
4．Which of the following might be the best title for the text
A．Yellow River Seeing Double
B．The Cradle of China’s Civilization
C．Bright Outlook of Digital Development
D．Intelligent Systems Witnessing a Breakthrough
Ⅱ.七选五
Desertification，the process by which fertile (肥沃的) land becomes desert，has severe impacts on food production and is worsened by climate change. 1
Africa’s Great Green Wall is a project to build an 8,000-kilometre-long forest across 11 of the continent’s countries.The project is meant to contain the growing Sahara Desert and fight climate change. 2 They include limited political support，lack of money，weak organizational structures，and not enough consideration for the environment.Just 4 million hectares(公顷) of land have been turned into forest since work on the Green Wall began 15 years ago. 3
First proposed in 2005，the project aims to plant a forest from Senegal on the Atlantic Ocean in Western Africa to Eritrea，Ethiopia and Djibouti in the east. 4 It could also reduce levels of climate-related migration in the area and capture hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide from the air.Several countries have struggled to keep up with the demands of the project.
5 Eritrea，Ethiopia，and Sudan have all expanded their efforts.Ethiopia is producing 5.5 billion seedlings leading to thousands of hectares of restored land.Efforts in Eritrea and Sudan have also resulted in nearly 140,000 hectares of newly planted forest.The UN desertification agency says the project will need to plant an average of 8.2 million hectares yearly to reach its goal of 100 million hectares by 2030.
A．But the project faces many problems.
B．That is only 4 percent of the programme’s goal.
C．A quarter of Africa is under threat of food shortage.
D．However，it is difficult to work on the Great Green Wall.
E．Some progress has been made in recent years in the east of the continent.
F．Supporters hope that the project will create millions of green jobs in rural Africa.
G．The UN says up to 45 percent of Africa’s land is impacted by desertification，worse than any other continent.
Ⅲ.应用文写作——邀请信
假设你是李华，请写一封电子邮件邀请你校的英国交换生Chris一起去参观周末的科技展。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
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答案精析
基础知识盘点
Ⅰ.1.化石 2.二氧化物 3.设想，方案，预测；(电影或戏剧的)剧情梗概 4. (国家或机构的)基础设施，基础建设
5．系统网络，输电网，煤气输送网；网格，方格；格子，格栅，栅栏 6.使最优化，充分利用；优化(数据、软件等)
7．degrade 8.垃圾填埋地(或场)；垃圾填埋；填埋的垃圾
9．(用于制面包和糕点的)生面团 10.烤箱，烤炉
11．safeguard 12.leftover 13.scatter 14.tide
15．vanish 16.dump 17.tropical 18.surge 19.refuge 20.inevitable 21.emit 22.accelerate 23.implement 24.decomposition
Ⅱ.1.dry up 2.为……提供达到目的的手段，为……创造机会 3.以……告终(或终结) 4.陷入困境
Ⅲ.1.When not properly recycled 2.With these challenges in mind 3.where there is constant sunlight 4.Scattered across this ocean are
能力提升精练
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们现在可以通过给黄河建立数字孪生体来更好地处理防洪问题。
1．C [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“And flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it.Now，scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin.”可知，创建黄河数字孪生体的主要目的是提高防洪工作的有效性。故选C。]
2．D [段落大意题。根据第三段尤其最后两句“They are buried in important dike locations to record and report the movement of dike stones.’Upon feeling movement of the dike stones，the smart stone sends an alarm to the command center for quick response，’ Wang said.”可知，本段主要讲的是智能石的工作原理。故选D。]
3．C [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“On the routes designed by engineers，the drones become expert patrollers(巡逻员) of the river，looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects...thanks to the drones，researchers at the command center can get first-hand photos and information.”可知，无人机在黄河数字治理中的作用之一是收集堤防状况信息。故选C。]
4．A [标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“And flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it.Now，scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin.”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述的是通过给黄河建立数字孪生体来更好地处理防洪问题。故选A。]
Ⅱ.
1．G [上文介绍了荒漠化的影响；下文介绍了遏制非洲的荒漠化进程的项目；G项(联合国说，非洲有多达45%的土地受到荒漠化的影响，比其他任何大陆都严重。)起到承前启后的作用，上下文衔接连贯，故选G项。]
2．A [上文提到该项目旨在遏制撒哈拉沙漠的扩张并应对气候变化，下文列举的是该项目面临的困难，设空处与上文为转折关系，A项(但该项目面临许多问题。)符合语境，下文的They指代A项中的many problems。上下文衔接连贯，故选A项。]
3．B [上文提到该项目进展缓慢，B项(这仅仅是该计划目标的4%。)顺接上文，上文中的Just和B项中的only的运用，表明该项目的进展实在太缓慢了，没有达到预想的速度。故选B项。]
4．F [根据上下文可知，此处陈述了该项目的好处，F项 (支持者希望该项目将在非洲农村地区创造数百万的绿色就业机会。)承接上文，下文的It指代F项中的the project，副词also的运用表明下文与F项为并列关系，故选F项。]
5．E [根据下文可知，此处介绍了该项目在某些国家中的进展情况。E项(近年来，非洲大陆东部取得了一些进展。)引出下文，符合语境，故选E项。]
Ⅲ.参考范文
Dear Chris，
You being obsessed with science and technology，I am intended to invite you to visit a technology exhibition held in our city with me this weekend.
It is an exhibition centering on artificial intelligence，which has become widely available to society and made our life much more convenient.Some ground-breaking equipment，such as automated agricultural gadgets，will be displayed，which have brought liberation from exhausting labour.I am convinced this will be an intriguing and enriching experience，where you can access related knowledge and welcome the new technology with open arms.
Please let me know if you are willing to come with me.Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li HuaUnit 4 What is life
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．wayward adj.
2． vi.& n．颤抖，哆嗦(因寒冷、恐惧、激动等)
3．abyss n．
4． vi.回响，回荡 n．回响，回声，回音；映现，暗示，启示，反响；共鸣，附和，重复
5．torture vt. n．
6． n．清晰，清楚，明确；清晰的思维(或理解)能力；(画面、物质或声音的)清晰，清楚，清澈
7．prologue n．
8． n．磁铁，磁石，吸铁石；有吸引力的人(或地方、事物)；磁体，磁性物体
9．epic adj. n．
10．heel n．
11．grip n． vt.(gripped，gripped)
12． vt.忽略，忽视，不予重视；疏于照顾，未予看管；疏忽，疏漏 n．忽略，忽视，未被重视
13．faculty n．
14． n．凝视，注视 vi.凝视，注视，盯着
15． vt.产生重大影响，铭刻，使铭记；印，压印 n．印记，压印，痕迹；持久影响
16．listlessness n．
17． n．一瞥，一看
18． n．(某地的)居民，栖息动物
19． n．弦外之音，言外之意，暗示
20．hint n． vi.& vt.
21． adj.小的，琐碎的，次要的；小气的，狭隘的
22．overwhelmingly adv.
23．mockery n．
24．compassionate adj.
25．vigor (BrE vigour) n．
26．tenderness n．
27．hasty adj.
28．long v．渴望→ n．(对……的)渴望，热望 adj.渴望的，热望的，表示渴望的
29． n．联合，结合，合并；工会；协会，联合会，会社，俱乐部→unite v．团结；统一；(为某事)联合，联手→ adj.联合的；统一的；和谐的；一致的
30． n．(提及的两者中)后者 adj.(提及的两者中)后者的；后半期的，后面的→(反义词)former adj.前任的；以前的；前者的
31． n．荣誉，光荣，桂冠 vi.因某事而喜悦，为某事而欣喜→glorious adj.值得称道的；光荣的；荣耀的
32．hazy adj.朦胧的；薄雾蒙蒙的；记不清的→ adv.记不清地，模糊地
33．thrill vt.使非常兴奋；使非常激动 n．激动；兴奋→ adj.惊险的，紧张的，扣人心弦的，令人兴奋不已的→ adj.非常兴奋；极为激动
34．companion n．伙伴；同伴→ n．友情，交谊，友谊
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．get to grips with sth
2．hold sway
3． 把……视为……
4． 总结
5．Achilles heel
6． 反思
Ⅲ.经典句型
1．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
And I have tried to understand the Pythagorean power ______________________ above the flux.
我试图理解毕达哥拉斯学派的理论，他们认为数字控制着万物流转。
2．so that引导的目的状语从句
Always my eyes are wide open to all the sights of both happiness and suffering .
我的眼睛总是睁大的，可以看到幸福和痛苦的所有景象，这样我就可以深入探究，加深对人们工作和生活方式的理解。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Danone Portugal introduced a new yogurt named Juntos.For every pack of yogurt that a person bought，he would donate yogurt to a family in need.Danone had done its research.Increasingly，people say they want to buy from brands that give them a sense of purpose.Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing.But Juntos was a failure.Despite sinking millions into a marketing campaign，Danone pulled Juntos from the market only months after it was launched.Now the same product is simply marketed as a tasty yogurt.
What happened To find the reason behind Juntos’ failure，Lawrence Williams and his colleagues did an experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to pick one option.They reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while others were told to “enjoy themselves” and focus on “delight and pleasure”．They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product when compared with people who put pleasure in the first place.
So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out Lawrence Williams asked participants to explain their decision-making to find out.He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about how the product they might buy could bring meaning to their lives.Instead，they were occupied with what else they could do with their money.
I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices.But cheap products can create many problems.Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones.As a result，we shop more often，which is ultimately worse for our wallets.Plus，that spending pattern can do greater damage to the environment.Thanks in part to fast fashion，people buy 60 percent more clothing today than they did 15 years ago.The fashion industry alone emits more greenhouse gases than international flights and maritime(海运的) shipping combined.
So before you dive into your wallet for some deals，try not to fix only on what you are spending or saving.Think carefully about what you are buying，too.
1．What is the main reason for the failure of Juntos
A．It ignored marketing strategies.
B．It priced itself relatively high.
C．It lacked a particularly good taste.
D．It focused on delight and pleasure.
2．What can be inferred about meaning-seekers
A．They frequent high-end stores.
B．They think products extend their lives.
C．They hesitate to make decisions.
D．They make more purchases with money.
3．How is paragraph 4 mainly developed
A．By giving some examples.
B．By listing numbers and data.
C．By explaining reasons.
D．By making some comparisons.
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．Innovation：a Product’s Life
B．To Buy or Not to Buy
C．Meaning-seekers or Quality-pursuers
D．Fast Fashion：a Hit to Your Wallet
Ⅱ.七选五
Feeling guilty about your daily afternoon nap Don’t.Research shows that catching a few ZZZs after lunch can be good for your brain. 1
Napping for 30 to 90 minutes can provide significant brain benefits.Researchers looked at data from 2,974 adults in China.They discovered that those who napped for 30 to 90 minutes had better word recall and figure drawing abilities than those who didn’t nap or napped for longer than 90 minutes.However，longer naps，particularly those longer than 90 minutes，might cause problems. 2 It in turn leads to needing longer naps during the day，which can cause mental issues，feeling dizzy after waking，and trouble sleeping at night.
Charlene Gamaldo，M.D.，medical director of the Johns Hopkins Sleep Disorders Center，emphasizes the importance of considering individual sleep needs and cycles when it comes to napping. 3 She advises that if you’re experiencing sleeplessness or taking longer than 30 minutes to fall asleep at night，it might be wise to limit your nap duration.This balance is crucial for maintaining overall sleep quality.
The study also suggests that both too much and too little sleep can be linked to poor health and a shorter life. 4 For most of us，the ideal nap length can have a significant positive impact on brain health and overall well-being.
5 So，enjoy your afternoon nap，but keep it within the golden time range to get the most benefits.
A．It symbolizes a good memory.
B．Resting more during the day is restorative.
C．Therefore，it’s essential to get the right quantity.
D．But keep in mind that the length of your nap matters.
E．One reason is that they suggest poor quality in nighttime sleep.
F．A well-timed nap helps maintain thinking skills and good health.
G．While napping is beneficial，it should not disturb nighttime sleep.
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Andrew was a new student in my class，who had emotional management problems.Since he had been suspended from class many times in previous years，I assured the worst when he came to my class.
Andrew sat at the back of the classroom.Every time I talked in front of the class，he would chat with the students around and even laugh loudly.Every time I called on him to answer a question，he would respond with a casual “I don’t know”．If I gave him a slight criticism，he would become really angry.As an experienced teacher，I can always get students involved in class discussion or at least motivate them to sit quietly and listen attentively.But for Andrew，I was really powerless.He was just noisy and rude.
One day，Andrew was talking loudly in the class when I was teaching.I said in the usual tone of voice，“Andrew，why don’t you join in our discussions but have one of your own？” Hearing that，he got up from his chair，pushed the books over and shouted something.I couldn’t hear clearly what he said other than several rude words.After the class，Andrew was sent to my office，where I gave him a discipline referral—a week’s out-of-school suspension.Deep in my mind，though，I didn’t expect referrals to be effective since students would return behaving even worse than before.But what else could I do with such a trouble-maker
I had to admit this was one of my most awful teaching experiences.Andrew’s anger was almost unexpected and out of control.The week without Andrew’s presence was a wonderful time，and the class went on smoothly and efficiently.However，with his suspension week drawing to a close soon，I felt restless and uneasy.Would he disturb the class as always Would he take revenge(报复) on me
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
On the day when Andrew was supposed to return，I waited for him at the door.___________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
A flash of surprise spread over his face.___________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案精析
基础知识盘点
Ⅰ.1.难以控制的，任性的，倔强的 2.shiver 3.深渊
4．echo 5.使痛苦，使苦恼，使焦急，使受煎熬；拷打，拷问
拷打，拷问，酷刑；(精神上或肉体上的)折磨，痛苦，折磨人的事物 6.clarity 7.序言，序幕，开场白 8.magnet
9．具有史诗性质的，史诗般的；漫长而艰难的，艰苦卓绝的；宏大的，壮丽的，给人深刻印象的 史诗；史诗般的作品；壮举，惊人之举 10.脚跟，脚后跟 11.理解，了解；紧握，紧抓；(对……的)控制，影响力 紧握，紧抓；使感兴趣，使激动，吸引住(某人)的注意；对……产生强有力的影响 12.neglect 13.官能，天赋；才能，能力；(高等院校的)系，院；(高等院校中院、系的)全体教师 14.gaze 15.imprint 16.无精打采，没有活力
17．glimpse 18.inhabitant 19.overtone 20.暗示，提示，示意；征兆，迹象 暗示，透露，示意 21.petty
22．压倒性地，不可抵抗地 23.嘲笑，愚弄；笑柄，被嘲笑的对象 24.有同情心的，表示怜悯的 25.精力，力量，活力，热情 26.和善，温柔，亲切，慈爱 27.匆忙的，仓促而就的，草率的 28.longing 29.union united
30．latter 31.glory 32.hazily 33.thrilling thrilled
34．companionship
Ⅱ.1.开始理解并着手处理难题 2.占统治地位；具有重大影响力 3.regard...as... 4.sum up 5.致命弱点 6.reflect upon/on
Ⅲ.1.by which number holds sway 2.so that I may probe deep and add to my understanding of how people work and live
能力提升精练
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章就“是否应该为了追求意义而选择廉价低质的产品”进行了讨论。
1．B [推理判断题。根据第二段的“They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product”可知，把意义放在首位的参与者更喜欢便宜的产品，因此我们可以推断Juntos失败的主要原因是它以公益意义为卖点，但实际定价相对较高，所以买的人少。故选B。]
2．D [推理判断题。根据第三段的“He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about...what else they could do with their money.”可推知，以意义为导向的人更关注用钱做更多的事情，买更多的东西，故选D。]
3．C [推理判断题。根据第四段的“But cheap products can create many problems.Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones.”和“Plus，that spending pattern can do greater damage to the environment.”可推断，作者是通过解释买廉价产品会产生很多问题的原因来行文的，故选C。]
4．C [标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段内容可知，文章主要讨论了是否应该为了追求意义而选择廉价低质的产品，C选项符合文章主旨，故选C。 ]
Ⅱ.
1．D [根据上文“Research shows that catching a few ZZZs after lunch can be good for your brain.”和下文“Napping for 30 to 90 minutes can provide significant brain benefits.”可知，上文提到午饭后小睡有好处，下文提到小睡的时长有要求，D项和上文形成转折关系，并且强调睡眠时长很重要，符合语境。故选D。]
2．E [根据上文“However，longer naps，particularly those longer than 90 minutes，might cause problems.”可知，过长的小睡可能会带来问题，E项承接并解释上文，指出这种现象的一个原因是过长小睡意味着夜间睡眠质量不佳，符合语境，并与下文构成“夜间睡不好——白天需要睡更久”的恶性循环。故选E。]
3．G [根据上文“Charlene Gamaldo...emphasizes the importance of considering individual sleep needs and cycles when it comes to napping.”可知，考虑个人睡眠需求和周期是重要的，G项指出不应让小睡扰乱夜间睡眠，符合语境，并能引出下文Charlene对于午后小睡和夜间睡眠之间平衡的建议。故选G。]
4．C [根据上文“The study also suggests that both too much and too little sleep can be linked to poor health and a shorter life.”可知，正确的睡眠时长很重要。C项符合语境，与上文形成因果关系，right quantity与上文“too much and too little”相呼应。故选C。]
5．F [根据下文“So，enjoy your afternoon nap，but keep it within the golden time range to get the most benefits.”可知，本段主要建议适时小睡以获得最大的好处，作为全文的总结。F项符合语境，与下文形成因果关系。故选F。]
Ⅲ.参考范文
On the day when Andrew was supposed to return，I waited for him at the door.Eventually，the familiar figure appeared，walking with his hands in his pockets.As he came close，I was about to greet him when he ignored me deliberately.“Sorry，Andrew.I should have had a talk with you to find a way out before giving you a suspension，” apologized I．With his head lowered，he didn’t utter a single word.“Maybe next time you can’t control yourself in class，you can step out of the door for a while to collect yourself，” added I，trying to break the ice.
A flash of surprise spread over his face.The naughty boy froze there，staring at me with wide eyes.“It is I who should say sorry，” murmured he，his face burning with shame.With a smile of relief，I patted him on his shoulder，signaling to him to go back to his seat.In the days that followed，Andrew didn’t misbehave in class anymore and took an active part in class discussions.Never before did it occur to me that “apologies” could make such a huge difference—it turned one of my worst experiences into perhaps the best one！Unit 2 Thinking out of the box
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．beam n．
2．paradox n．
3．spark vt.
4． n．曲线，弧线，曲面，弯曲
5． vt.贮备，贮存(食物、书籍等)；存货 n．(商店的)现货，存货，库存；储备物，备用物，供应物
6．bin n．
7．laser n．
8． n．手艺，工艺；技巧，技能，技艺；诡计，手腕，骗术
9． n．观念模式，思维倾向
10． n．创业者，企业家
11．lens n．
12．spectacle n．
13．magnify vt.
14．frame n．
15．anonymous adj.
16．accessory n．
17．thread n． vt.
18． vt.使成环，使绕成圈 n．环形，环状物，圆圈
19．counterbalance vt.
20．perch vi.
21．pinch vt.
22．clip vi.& vt. n．
23．stem n．
24．clamp vi.
25．engrave vt.
26． n．读写能力
27． vt.追溯，追究；查出，找到，发现，追踪；描绘(事物的过程或发展)，追述，记述 n．痕迹，遗迹，踪迹；微量，少许
28．disassemble vt.& vi.
29．hypothetical adj.假设的，假定的→ (pl. ) n．(有少量事实依据但未被证实的)假说，假设；(凭空的)猜想，猜测
30．intuition n．直觉→ adj.凭直觉得到的，直觉的；有直觉力的
31． vt.证明……是错误(或虚假)的→(反)prove v．证明；证实；原来是
32．unease n．不安；忧虑→ adj.不安的；令人不安的；担心的→ adv.不稳定地，靠不住地，不确定地；不安地
33． n．令人惊异的人(或事)，奇迹→marvellous adj.令人惊奇的，奇特的，非凡的；奇迹般的
34． n．(公开的)争论，争议，论战→controversial adj.引起争论的；有争议的
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．eager beaver
2．from scratch
3． 受欢迎，流行起来，变得时髦
4．at rest
5．in essence
Ⅲ.经典句型
1．as引导的非限制性定语从句
This intuitive thinking later played an important role in the development of his special theory of relativity， in his 1949 Autobiographical Notes.
正如爱因斯坦在1949年的《自传笔记》中承认的那样，这种直觉思维后来在他的狭义相对论的发展中发挥了重要作用。
2．过去分词短语作后置定语
Unfortunately，now that we’ve tackled the technological problem of helping people see clearly，we face an ethical dilemma ，which are wearable computers in essence.
不幸的是，现在我们已经解决了帮助人们看清事物的技术问题，我们就面临着智能眼镜的发展带来的道德困境，智能眼镜本质上是可穿戴计算机。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Over the past few months，I’ve been invited to speak with well-known writers，musicians and film producers regarding my recent book，Extraterrestrial.Prior to these conversations，I was on the receiving (and admiring) end of their artistic work，but now they were curious about my own research as a scientist.The reverse led me to recognize the similarities between innovation in arts and sciences.
In sciences and arts alike，creativity appears magically as an unpredictable fountain of inspiration from the subconscious(潜意识)．Its unexpected content breaks routines within traditional thinking.It delivers something new that is distinct from common practices，often taking people out of their comfort zone because it is ahead of its time.As a result，many innovators are laughed at and denied the recognition they deserve when they need it the most.
There are many examples of such circumstances.In 1933 Fritz Zwicky inferred the existence of “dark matter”，but it took four decades for this concept to gain recognition within the astronomy community.Vincent van Gogh was considered a madman and a failure throughout his life.Today，his paintings are among the most expensive ever sold，though.
Typically，life offers two ways of acquiring objects.One is by collecting available items，and the other is by creating things that never existed before.Whereas most items on the shelves of supermarkets are mass-produced，products that are newly created by artists or scientists are originally unique.Just like aging wine，a product of creative work acquires quality over time.It is colored by the response of the audience as well as by imitations.The initial circumstances are a reminder of an admirable baby.It is fascinating for a scientist or an artist to watch the interaction of their creations with the world，just as it is for parents to watch their children.
Creativity in arts and sciences establishes a backdrop for human existence，as the content it invents gives pleasure and meaning to our lives.The human act of creation is an infinite-sum game，from which all of us benefit.And we can all participate in the creative process.
1．Which can best replace the underlined word “reverse” in paragraph 1
A．Priority. B．Assumption.
C．Shift. D．Preference.
2．What can best describe creativity in sciences and arts
A．It tends to be forecastable.
B．It mirrors common beliefs.
C．It usually leads the times.
D．It enjoys instant acceptance.
3．What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A．Creative works withstand the test of time.
B．Mass-produced items are preferable.
C．Old wine can’t be put into new bottles.
D．Inventiveness starts from childhood.
4．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To launch an appeal.
B．To clarify a concept.
C．To offer an entertainment.
D．To advocate a lifestyle.
Ⅱ.七选五
The Importance of Inventions
They say necessity is the mother of invention，but invention drives the economy.The great importance of invention is that it solves problems and changes the world. 1 And it goes beyond culture.The modern era is arguably the greatest time in the history of the world for innovation，but none of it would have happened without the invention of electricity supplied on demand.With that one advancement，in came the fastest-changing period in human history and the greatest population growth，too.
2 Even things like the toilet and modern plumbing made it possible to improve hygiene and reduce exposure to human waste，which in turn made cities cleaner and more desirable to live in.The modern bathroom also helped reduce the spread of disease，which in turn helped extend the average life expectancy. 3
People eat better，and more safely，because of innovations we now take for granted like the refrigerator，the oven and running tap water.Daily life at work has transformed because heavy-lifting jobs can be done by forklifts.In fact，technology is reaching a new height. 4 More people than ever before need to sit for work，with office jobs and the like changing our fitness level and lowering the risk of injury during a workday.
Even entertainment has changed because no longer do people have to make their own fun by playing games. 5 How people communicate，work，eat，travel，shop is all subject to innovation and invention.Advances don’t always improve life，though，as many people are learning through the constant-access struggles of smartphones and ever-present noise pollution in cities.
A．Innovation shapes the way life is lived.
B．They can turn to their phone，TV or radio.
C．Factories are using robots for many tasks now.
D．They have affected the way we consume media.
E．Inventions influence all aspects of modern existence.
F．New technologies often simplify the average person’s life.
G．And that has led to the Earth’s population rising sharply in the last 150 years.
Ⅲ.应用文写作——建议信
假如你是大一新生李华，进入大学后，你发现学生缺乏创新能力，请给校长写一封信提出一些合理化建议。内容包括：
1．学生创新能力的现状；
2．关于提高学生创新能力的建议；
3．创新能力的意义。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
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答案精析
基础知识盘点
Ⅰ.1.光线，(电波的)波束，(粒子的)束；梁；平衡木 2.似非而是的隽语，悖论，悖论修辞；矛盾的人(或事物、情况)
3．引发，触发 4.curve 5.stock 6.(有盖)大容器，箱，柜；垃圾箱 7.激光器 8.craft 9.mindset 10.entrepreneur 11.透镜，镜片；(眼球的)晶状体 12.(pl.)眼镜；精彩的表演，壮观的场面；壮观的景象 13.放大；扩大，增强 14.眼镜框；框架；构架，支架，骨架；体形，身材 15.不知姓名的，名字不公开的；匿名的，不具名的
16．(衣服的)配饰；附件，配件，附属物 17.(棉、毛、丝等的)线；线索，脉络，思路，贯穿的主线 穿成串，串在一起；穿(针)，纫(针)，穿过 18.loop 19.抗衡，抵消，对……起平衡作用 20.置于(顶上或边上)；栖息，停留
21．捏住，夹紧；拧，捏，掐 22.夹住，别住，被夹住 (金属或塑料的)夹子，回形针；首饰别针 23.(葡萄酒杯、花瓶等的)颈，柄，脚 24.紧紧抓住，紧夹住 25.在……上雕刻(字或图案) 26.literacy 27.trace 28.拆卸，拆开
29．hypothesis hypotheses 30.intuitive 31.disprove
32．uneasy uneasily 33.marvel 34.controversy
Ⅱ.1.干活特别卖力的人，对工作极有热忱的人 2.从头开始，从零开始 3.catch on 4.静止，不动；安息，长眠 5.本质上，大体上，其实
Ⅲ.1.as Einstein acknowledged 2.posed by the development of smart glasses
能力提升精练
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 本文是夹叙夹议文。本文以一场作者和艺术家们的对话引入话题，提出了艺术创新和科学创新的相似性。随后作者就两种创新的超前性展开论述并举例说明。最后作者呼吁人们参与创新。
1．C [词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Prior to these conversations，I was on the receiving (and admiring) end of their artistic work，but now they were curious about my own research as a scientist.”可知，以前是作者欣赏艺术家们的作品，现在是艺术家们对作者的作品感兴趣，即进行了角色互换。所以reverse意为“转换”。故选C。]
2．C [推理判断题。根据第二段中“In sciences and arts alike，creativity appears...It delivers something new that is distinct from common practices，often taking people out of their comfort zone because it is ahead of its time.”可知，艺术与科学中的创新往往领先于它所在的时代。故选C。]
3．A [推理判断题。根据第四段中“Just like aging wine，a product of creative work acquires quality over time.”可知，创新产品要经过一段时间才能显现其品质，即要经受时间的检验。故选A。]
4．A [写作意图题。根据最后一段尤其最后一句可知，作者呼吁人们参与创新。故选A。]
Ⅱ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了发明的重要性，作者认为虽说需求是发明之母，但发明才是经济的动力。
1．A [根据空前内容“The great importance of invention is that it solves problems and changes the world.”以及空后内容“And it goes beyond culture...”可知，空前和空后讲述的是发明的重要性。选项A“创新塑造了人们的生活方式”符合上下文内容，讲述的也是发明即创新给人们的生活带来的变化。空后的it指的就是A项中的Innovation。故选A。]
2．E [根据空后内容“Even things like the toilet and modern plumbing made it possible to improve hygiene and...which in turn made cities cleaner and more desirable to live in...”可知，下文主要讲述的是发明影响了我们生活的各个方面。选项E“发明影响现代生活的方方面面”与下文内容相一致，是下文内容的综述。故选E。]
3．G [根据空前内容“The modern bathroom also helped reduce the spread of disease，which in turn helped extend the average life expectancy.”可知，现代发明有助于延长人类的平均寿命，所以上文讲的是发明与人类生命的关系。选项G“这导致了地球人口在过去150年里急剧增长”与上文构成因果关系，正是由于人类寿命的延长，才导致了地球人口的剧增。故选G。]
4．C [根据空前内容“Daily life at work has transformed because...”可知，上文讲述的是发明对工作的影响。选项C“工厂现在使用机器人做很多工作”承接上文内容，同时与下文“More people than ever before need to sit for work，with office jobs and...”保持一致，正因为工厂有机器人做很多工作，所以越来越多的人可以在办公室工作。故选C。]
5．B [根据空前内容“Even entertainment has changed because...”可知，上文提到的是人们不再需要只通过游戏来获得乐趣。选项B“他们可以转向手机、电视或收音机”承接上文内容，进一步说明发明给娱乐方式带来的变化。选项中的They指代上文的people。故选B。]
Ⅲ.参考范文
Dear Mr Headmaster，
I’d like to show my opinions on students’ scientific and technological abilities for innovation and give some suggestions.
I don’t think our school is well engaged in improving students’ innovation abilities.In my eyes，students in our school do little innovative jobs other than study.In most of their free time，they listen to music，watch films，or play computer games，which needn’t be much innovative.In order to improve abilities for innovation，firstly university leaders can show the importance of innovation by lectures，posters，etc.Secondly，lessons and atmosphere in class can be improved by teachers，for example，to encourage innovative thinking and innovative assignments.Finally，large numbers of innovative activities such as scientific inventions also help a lot.By participating in those activities，students can not only be more creative，but also enrich their lives.
In a word，scientific and technological innovation is of great importance.With more excellent and creative students in science and technology，our school will be more powerful，and so will our country.
Yours，
Li HuaUnit 4 Law and order
Ⅰ.重点单词
1． n．争论，辩论，争端，纠纷 vi.& vt.对……提出质询，对……表示异议(或怀疑)；争夺，竞争；争论，辩论，争执
2．law-abiding adj.
3． vi.( ， )努力，奋斗，力争，力求
4． vi.& vt.浏览，翻阅；随便看看；搜寻信息，浏览信息
5．copyright n． adj.
6． vt.(尤指正式地或法律上)同意，准予，允许；(勉强)承认，同意
7．trademark n． vt.
8．cellar n．
9． n．地下通道，地道，隧道；(动物的)洞穴通道
10． vi.& vt.(尤因强烈的情感或痛苦而)惊叫，呼喊
11． vt.& vi.耸肩 n．耸肩
12． n．惩罚，处罚，刑罚；(对犯规者的)判罚，处罚；点球
13．hazard n．
14．probation n．
15． vi.& vt.表明认罪(或不认罪)；乞求，恳求；声援，支持；申辩，辩护；解释，推说
16．exclusive adj.
17．confidential adj.
18．formula n. (pl.formulas or formulae)
19．legislature n．
20．stained adj.
21． vt.废除，废止→abolition n．废除；废止
22． vt.修正，修订→amendment n．(美国宪法的)修正案；(法律、文件等的)修订
23．bully v．恐吓；伤害；胁迫 n．仗势欺人者；横行霸道者→ n．霸凌，欺凌
24．conceive v．想出(主意、计划等)；想象；构想；设想→ adj.可想象的，可信的
25． n．冲动，心血来潮，一时的念头；动力，冲力，冲量；推动力，刺激→impulsive adj.易冲动的；凭冲动行事的
26． vi.& vt.非法侵入(他人的计算机系统)→hacker n．黑客
27．infringe vt.& vi.侵犯，侵害(合法权益)；违背，触犯(法规)→ n．侵犯，违反
28．mystery n．神秘的事物；不可理解之事；奥秘；谜；神秘→ adj.神秘的，奇怪的，不易解释的；陌生的；诡秘的，故弄玄虚的
29． vt.讲(故事)，叙述；给(纪录片或节目)解说→narration n．(尤指小说、电影或戏剧中的)叙述，讲述；解说；旁白→ adj.叙述的；叙事体的 n．描述，叙述
30．enforce vt.执行；强迫；强制执行；强行实施(法律或规定)；迫使→ adj.强制的→ n．执行；实施
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．keep abreast of
2． 不再挡路，不再碍事；结束，处理完；(用于否定句)奇特的，不寻常的，罕见的
3． 连续地，不断地；竖着，直立着
4．reason sth out
5．ring true
Ⅲ.经典句型
1．不定式短语作后置定语
This code was among the first _________________________ “innocent until proven guilty”．
这部法典是最早实施“无罪推定”理念的法典之一。
2．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
Moreover，IP protection promotes an environment .
此外，知识产权保护促进了一个创造性和创新性的思想可以成长的环境。
3．It be＋adj.＋that...
he had some strong motive for securing the situation.
在我看来，很明显，他有某种强烈的动机要得到这份工作。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
While growing up in California in the 1980s，Winifred Frick never saw a condor(秃鹰) in the wild.The population of North America’s largest bird，Gymnogyps californianus，had declined to nearly zero by 1987 because so many were shot，poisoned or captured.
The few remaining wild condors were brought into zoos in the early 1980s as part of a captive breeding(圈养) program.Gradually，a small group of the birds reproduced，and eventually many of the condors were released back into the wild.
Today，Frick，a conservation biologist，and her 14-year-old son can admire condors flying in the sky while hiking along the Pacific coast.Nearly 350 of the species，whose wings can span nearly 3 meters，once again fly over parts of California and Arizona.
The condors’ happy ending is thanks in large part to the U．S.Endangered Species Act，or ESA，enacted on December 28,1973.The act currently protects more than 2,300 species.These include more than 900 plants and at least 160 marine species.
“When it comes to preventing plants and animals from going extinct，the ESA is one of the most powerful laws we have，” says Frick.“The ESA is about protecting wildlife for our future generations.”
If a species is thought to be threatened or endangered with going extinct，it goes through a strict process to determine whether it should be added to the endangered species list.Once a species makes the list，government agencies create a plan to help it recover.This might mean describing ways to restore its habitat or identifying ways to halt threats to a species.For instance，being listed under the act makes it illegal to use，kill or catch any of these organisms.It also bans the import of any endangered foreign animals，as well as any meat or products made from them.
The ESA has written plenty of success stories over the past half-century.So far，the act has helped keep 99 percent of species under its protection from extinction.
1．Why did the zoos keep wild condors captive in the 1980s
A．To relocate their natural habitat.
B．To restore the condor population.
C．To make way for hiking activities.
D．To honor a conservation biologist.
2．What are the figures in paragraph 4 intended to tell us
A．The survival rate of the condors is high.
B．Many species are faced with extinction.
C．The ESA has been recognized by the public.
D．The ESA contributes a lot to species protection.
3．What does the underlined word “halt” in paragraph 6 probably mean
A．Stop. B．Track.
C．Transform. D．Replace.
4．What’s the best title for the text
A．The ESA Has Saved Many Species
B．Quantities of Species Are Dying Out
C．The ESA Shares the Story of Condors
D．Wild Animals Are in Need of Protection
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024·新课标Ⅱ)
Overtourism Is for Real：How Can You Help
Travel promotes understanding，expands our minds，makes us better people，and boosts local economies and communities，but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 1 Certainly not.The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
·Choose mindfully.Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason：they’re special.With so many online posts featuring the same places，it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out.Go somewhere only when the landscape，culture or food deeply draws you. 2
·Get creative.The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else.Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world，it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots.That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. 3 Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights
· 4 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.You’ll compete with fewer tourists，save money，experience a different side of a popular place，and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸)．Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. 5 You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
A．Visit during off-peak times.
B．So，should we stop traveling
C．Travel for you and no one else.
D．Can overtourism be avoided then
E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F．You’ll find yourself virtually alone，or close to it.
G．Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One day，Reuben，a 12-year-old boy，saw something in a shop window that set his heart racing.The price—five dollars—was beyond his means，but he went in the shop anyway.
Poorly dressed，he went up and told the shopkeeper what he wanted，adding，“I don’t have the money right now.Will you please hold it for me for some time？”
“I’ll try，” the shopkeeper smiled.“Folks around here don’t usually have money to spend on such things.It should keep for a while.”
Reuben decided to raise the five dollars by himself.Walking along a side street，he had an idea.People built their own houses in his town，using nails purchased in hessian sacks(粗麻袋) from a local factory.The sacks were sometimes thrown away.Reuben knew he could sell them back to the factory for five cents a piece.
Every day after school，Reuben went around the town，collecting nail sacks.The school closed for the summer，and he was still wandering in the town，searching for his treasures.Often he was tired and hungry，but the thought of the object in the shop window kept him going.Sometimes his mother Dora would ask：“Reuben，where were you We were waiting for you to have dinner.”
“Playing，Mum.Sorry.”
Dora would look at him in his face and shake her head.Boys!
One day in spring，he counted his coins and found he needed twenty cents more.He had to find four sacks and sell them before the day ended.Late in the afternoon，just before the buyer was about to close up，Reuben arrived and sold the four sacks.With the coins in his hand，he murmured a “thank-you” and ran away.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
Clutching the five dollars，he headed for the shop._________________________________
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Dora opened it carefully and a lovely jewel box appeared.___________________________
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答案精析
基础知识盘点
Ⅰ.1.dispute 2.遵纪守法的，安分守己的 3.strive strove striven 4.browse 5.版权，著作权 受版权保护的，未经准许不得复制的 6.grant 7.商标 把……注册为商标 8.地窖，地下室 9.tunnel 10.exclaim 11.shrug 12.penalty 13.危险，危害 14.缓刑制，缓刑；试用期，见习期，考察期；试读 15.plead 16.(个人或集体)专用的，专有的，独有的，独占的；(团体、社团等)排外的 17.机密的，保密的；隐密的，秘密的；受信任的，委以机密的 18.配方，处方，药方；方案，方法；公式；分子式；配方奶；方程式 19.立法机关 20.满是污痕的，沾有污渍的 21.abolish 22.amend 23.bullying 24.conceivable 25.impulse 26.hack 27.infringement 28.mysterious 29.narrate narrative
30．enforceable enforcement
Ⅱ.1.了解最新情况，跟上(某事物的发展) 2.out of the way 3.on end 4.通过思考想出对策，推理出(结果) 5.给人以真实的印象
Ⅲ.1.to implement the concept 2.in which creative and innovative ideas can grow 3.It was obvious to me that
能力提升精练
Ⅰ.
1．B [细节理解题。根据第二段“The few remaining wild condors were brought into zoos in the early 1980s as part of a captive breeding(圈养) program.Gradually，a small group of the birds reproduced...”可知，动物园当时圈养秃鹰是为了恢复其数量。故选B。]
2．D [推理判断题。根据第四段中“The act currently protects more than 2,300 species.These include more than 900 plants and at least 160 marine species.”可知，《濒危物种法》目前保护的物种超过了2 300种，这其中包括900多种植物和至少160种海洋物种，即该法案在物种保护方面贡献很大。故选D。]
3．A [词义猜测题。根据画线词后“For instance，being listed under the act makes it illegal to use，kill or catch any of these organisms.It also bans the import of any endangered foreign animals，as well as any meat or products made from them.”可推断，画线词所在句的句意为“这可能意味着描述恢复其栖息地的方法，或确定阻止对一个物种的威胁的方法”。因此推测画线词的意思与stop的意思最接近。故选A。]
4．A [标题归纳题。根据最后一段“The ESA has written plenty of success stories over the past half-century.So far，the act has helped keep 99 percent of species under its protection from extinction.”及全文可知，本文的主要内容是：由于《濒危物种法》的颁布，很多濒临灭绝的物种得到了保护，它们的数量也在不断恢复。故A项“《濒危物种法》拯救了很多物种”是本文的最佳标题。故选A。]
Ⅱ.
1．B [根据空格处后的回答“Certainly not.”可知，空格处应是一个疑问句，再根据空格处后的“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.”可知，在当今世界，失去旅行带来的好处是难以接受的，强调了旅行存在的意义。空格处的提问与“停止旅行”有关。故选B。]
2．C [前文“Go somewhere only when the landscape，culture or food deeply draws you.”表明不要跟风旅游，C选项“为你自己而不是其他人旅行”表明要忠实自己的感受，符合语境。故选C。]
3．E [前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.”表明有很多较少被游览的地方可以选择，后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights？”提出可以选择一些冷门景点的建议，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对来说未被发现的地方”和前文表达一致并引出后文。故选E。]
4．A [空处为本段主旨句，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。]
5．G [空格处前一句“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special”提出了尽自己的力量保护你所参观地方的旅游特色，对应G选项中的give back，同时，空格处后一句提到了there，对应G选项中的communities。故选G。]
Ⅲ.参考范文
Clutching the five dollars，he headed for the shop.“I’ve got the money！” Reuben declared to the shopkeeper.The man put the necklace into a delicate box，wrapped it in brown paper，and then placed the box in Reuben’s hands.Holding the box，Reuben’s eyes glittered with joy.After exchanging goodbyes with the shopkeeper，Reuben rushed home to surprise his mother.“Mum! It’s for you！” Reuben exclaimed as he ran to her side.He placed the box in her hand.
Dora opened it carefully and a lovely jewel box appeared.She couldn’t believe her eyes.She took the pearl necklace out and cautiously put it on，tears of happiness beginning to blur her vision.Dora had never received such a precious gift.It was the best Mother’s Day gift she had ever received.Yes，she was indeed not rich，but she was indeed happy.With tears rolling down her weather-beaten face，she smiled and scooped her son into her arms.Unit 2 Working the land
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．plough (AmE plow)vt.& vi. n．
2． vt.使减少到最低限度；使最小化
3． vt.& vi.有(值得自豪的东西)；自夸，自吹自擂
4． n．产量，产出 vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益等) vi.屈服，让步；变形，弯曲
5． vt.& vi.喷，喷洒；向……扫射(或抛洒) n．水花；喷剂；喷雾器
6． n．障碍；障碍物，绊脚石
7．drip n． vt.& vi.
8． n．害虫，害鸟；讨厌的人(或物)
9．downside n．
10． vt.在(某地)很受欢迎；攻克，征服；击败
11． vt.& vi.( ， ) 小口喝，抿
12．fertile adj.肥沃的→ n．富饶，丰产→ n．肥料
13．collaborate vi.合作；协作→ n．合作，协作；合作成果
14． vi.& vt.判断(问题的原因)，诊断(疾病)→diagnosis n．诊断；判断
15．moist adj.潮湿的→ n．潮气，水分
16．simple adj.简单的；朴素的→ adv.仅仅；简单地→ vt.使简化，使简易
17．irrigate v．灌溉→ n．灌溉
18．abundant adj.大量的；充裕的→ n．大量，充裕
19． n．传说，传奇故事；传奇人物→legendary adj.传奇的
20．noble adj.高尚的；高贵的→ n．(pl. )贵族成员，出身高贵的人
21． adj.温暖潮湿的，湿热的→humidity n．湿度
22． adj.陡峭的；急剧的；大起大落的；过高的，不合理的→steeply adv.急剧地
23．mature adj.成熟的→ n．成熟；完全长成
24．exclude vt.排除，不包括→ n．排除，不包括→ adj.独家的；排外的
25．cultivate v．培育；培养→ n．种植；培养
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．real time
2．put sth to good use
3．the pros and cons
4．spring to mind
5．give rise to
6．have an impact on
Ⅲ.经典句型
1．强调句型
the advent of modern technology has turned farming into a highly precise industry.
现代技术的出现使农业变成了高度精准的产业。
2．状语从句的省略；强调谓语动词
in farming machines，AI increased crop yields as well as simplified crop tracking，harvesting and processing.
当人工智能应用于农业机器时，它的确有助于提高作物产量，并简化作物跟踪、收割和加工。
3．such...that...如此……以至于……
Without doubt，the Yellow River will continue to bring ________________ life without its priceless gifts would be unimaginable.
毫无疑问，黄河将继续为中国带来如此丰富的农业资源，以至于没有它的无价馈赠，生活将无法想象。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
The taste of champagne as we know it could change beyond recognition in the coming years.As global temperatures continue to rise，the climate crisis poses a threat to the production of wine.
The supply of Chardonnay，Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier，among other popular wine-making grapes，is at risk.By 2050，about 85% of the lands on which good wine grapes are grown will no longer produce suitable wine grapes.
Grapes are susceptible to even the most subtle changes in weather.“Wine is kind of the canary(金丝雀) in the coal mine for climate change impacts on agriculture because so much of the character of wine is tied to the local climate，” said Benjamin Cook，a climate scientist.He published a paper in 2020 on how grape variety can resist climate change.
He adds that scientists are “seeing pretty much all plants，including wine grapevines，start their lifecycle in the growing season earlier，and often finish up earlier.You basically ripen your fruit earlier and typically you harvest earlier.” In the Champagne region of France，these changes can alter the distinctive personalities of grapes grown there.“If it matures too quickly，the ratio of acidity and sugar might be different，” Cook said.
A grape’s qualities are dependent on its environment.With a warming planet，it’s harder to produce grapes that make champagne taste sweeter and boozier(酒精浓度高的)．For instance，in a Chardonnay grape，what you’re looking for in a cooler climate is generally an apple taste，whereas in a warmer climate the warmth can change the grape’s qualities to be more like a tropical fruit，or even banana-like.
Farmers and winemakers are picking good places to grow grapes，like Belgium and Sweden，which benefit from warmer weather.This helps with making wine in changing climates.
The downside for those Swedish winemakers If those champagne grapes aren’t grown in the Champagne region of France，you can’t call it champagne，which is a protected designation of origin.
1．How does the climate change threaten the production of wine
A．By increasing the diversity of grapes.
B．By increasing the cost of wine making.
C．By intensifying the competition between winemakers.
D．By reducing the production of suitable wine-making grapes.
2．What does the underlined word “susceptible” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Sensitive. B．Resistant.
C．Adaptable. D．Tolerant.
3．What can we learn from the text
A．The lifecycle of wine grapevines is becoming longer.
B．A Chardonnay grape may taste like banana in cooler climate.
C．Grapes’ ratio of acidity and sugar influences champagne’s taste.
D．Wine making in Sweden faces the same challenge as that in France.
4．Which can be the best title of the text
A．Will Champagne Become Sweeter
B．Why Is Champagne Called Champagne
C．Could Champagne Soon Stop Producing Champagne
D．What Impact Does Climate Change Have on Agriculture
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·山东临沂模拟预测)
Mark Covington，founder of the Georgia Street Community Collective in Detroit，stands in a corner of his urban farm，breathing the fresh air in the early morning. 1 Early in the day，the green crops giving life to tomatoes，cabbages，eggplants and more are bathed in gold，as if being watered by the sun.The sounds of dogs，roosters，and a group of stirring bees drown out the sounds of the city.
In 2007，Covington lost his job and returned to his childhood street. 2 “It was dirty，” he said.“There were always vacant lots，but they had always been maintained for children to play on.” He knew that if he just cleaned them up，people would pile on them again. 3
Covington started with a small community garden. 4 One mother sent three children to help him build a larger garden where the kids could grow food，stay busy during the summer and add structure to their lives.Little by little the seeds took root，as the hands on the garden that would evolve into a farm multiplied.
5 On one corner：a movie screen and a public garden with vegetables and flower beds.On another：a farm and a community center in a building.Nearby are garlic beds and a greenhouse.“It’s somewhat spiritual for me，” Covington says.“It’s like a harbor.People come here and don’t want to leave.”
A．But if he planted stuff，they might not.
B．It’s a typical morning scene at the collective.
C．He saw garbage piled high in vacant，abandoned lots.
D．Covington made the garden a little bigger to plant more.
E．And almost immediately neighbors began asking to participate.
F．He planted a garden to help feed residents and enrich their lives.
G．What began as an effort to remove trash has turned into a site of community.
Ⅲ.应用文写作——报道
假定你是李华，你校的一群学生志愿者去农场参加了劳动。请你就此事为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1．时间、地点、人物；
2．劳动内容：捡鸡蛋、挤牛奶、浇花等；
3．学生感受。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右(标题已给出)。
Volunteers on the Farm
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
答案精析
基础知识盘点
Ⅰ.1.犁(田)，耕(地) 犁 2.minimize 3.boast 4.yield
5．spray 6.obstacle 7.水滴；滴落，滴水声；(静脉)滴注
滴下；滴水 8.pest 9.缺点，不利方面 10.conquer 11.sip sipped sipped 12.fertility fertiliz(s)er
13．collaboration 14.diagnose 15.moisture 16.simply simplify 17.irrigation 18.abundance 19.legend 20.nobleman noblemen 21.humid 22.steep 23.maturity 24.exclusion exclusive 25.cultivation
Ⅱ.1.实时 2.有效使用 3.事物的利与弊 4.突然想起
5．造成；导致 6.对……有影响
Ⅲ.1.It is that 2.When used does contribute to
3．such agricultural abundance to China that
能力提升精练
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了全球气候变化对葡萄酒产业，特别是香槟酒生产的影响。
1．D [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“By 2050，about 85% of the lands on which good wine grapes are grown will no longer produce suitable wine grapes.”可知，到2050年，大约85%的原本种植优质酿酒葡萄的土地将不再能产出适合酿酒的葡萄。因此，气候变化会导致适合酿酒的葡萄的产量减少，从而威胁到葡萄酒的生产。故选D。]
2．A [词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Wine is kind of the canary(金丝雀) in the coal mine for climate change impacts on agriculture because so much of the character of wine is tied to the local climate”可知，气候学家认为对于气候变化的影响，葡萄酒就像煤矿里的金丝雀，因为其特性与气候密切相关。由此可推测，葡萄容易受到气候的影响，也就是说葡萄对于气候的变化很敏感。故选A。]
3．C [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“If it matures too quickly，the ratio of acidity and sugar might be different”和第五段中的“With a warming planet，it’s harder to produce grapes that make champagne taste sweeter and boozier(酒精浓度高的)．”可推知，葡萄的酸度和甜度的比例会影响香槟酒的味道。故选C。]
4．C [标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第一段中的“As global temperatures continue to rise，the climate crisis poses a threat to the production of wine.”和最后一段中的“If those champagne grapes aren’t grown in the Champagne region of France，you can’t call it champagne...”可知，文章主要讨论的是气候变化对葡萄酒的生产构成威胁，尤其是导致葡萄产地发生转移，而新产区种植的葡萄所酿的酒不能被称为香槟酒，所以C项“香槟区会很快停止生产香槟酒吗？”最适合作标题，故选C。]
Ⅱ.
1．B [根据上文“Mark Covington...stands in a corner of his urban farm，breathing the fresh air in the early morning.”及下文“Early in the day，the green crops giving life to tomatoes，cabbages...of the city.”可知，这些描述共同构成了这个集体农场清晨的景象，B项符合语境，故选B。]
2．C [根据上文“In 2007，Covington lost his job and returned to his childhood street.”以及下文“‘It was dirty，’ he said.”可知，空处是说Covington回到儿时的街道后看到脏乱的景象，C项符合语境，故选C。]
3．A [上文“He knew that if he just cleaned them up，people would pile on them again.”提到，Covington意识到如果只是简单地清理这些空地，人们又会再次把垃圾堆在上面，这暗示了空处会有转折，结合下文“Covington started with a small community garden.”提到他开辟菜园可推知，如果在这些空地上种植东西，人们可能就不会再往上面乱丢垃圾了，A项符合语境，故选A。]
4．E [上文“Covington started with a small community garden.”提到Covington开始开辟菜园，结合下文“One mother sent three children to help him...”可知，邻居们参与进来，E项符合语境，故选E。]
5．G [结合下文“On one corner：a movie screen and a public garden...a community center in a building.Nearby are garlic beds and a greenhouse.”可知，Covington的项目发展成为一个集多种功能于一体的社区活动场所，而该项目最初是从单纯地试图清理垃圾开始的。因此，选项G符合语境。故选G。]
Ⅲ.参考范文
Volunteers on the Farm
Aiming to help students learn more about farming and the value of labour，our school organized a voluntary activity in which we students went to a nearby farm to do some farm work.
We set out at 7 a．m.yesterday.On arriving there，a series of activities were organized for us.Some students went to pick up eggs，some helped to milk cows and others were sent to water flowers.During the activity，teachers and farmers helped us to finish the work successfully.
We all think it a precious opportunity for us to experience such things.We hope more activities like this can be organized in the future.Unit 3 Our culture，our treasure
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．inscription n．
2． adj.主流的 n．主流思想，主流群体
3．script n．
4．sphere n．
5．alphabet n．
6．porcelain n．
7． n．教导，学说，教诲；教学，授课，指导
8．etiquette n．
9．norm n．
10．hands-on adj.
11．prime n． adj.
12．ritual n． adj.
13．transcribe vt.
14．incorporate vt.
15．elaborate adj. vi.& vt.
16．stunning adj.
17．complementary adj.
18．refine vt.
19．soar vi.
20．compile vt.
21． n．正义，公平合理；正直，公正，正当
22．puppet n．玩偶，木偶；傀儡→ n．木偶制作(或表演)艺术
23． vt.统一，使成一体→unified adj.统一的
24．phonetic adj.表示语音的；音标的→ adv.表示语音地，用音标地
25． adj.壮丽的，宏伟的，值得赞扬的→ adv.壮丽地，宏伟地，壮观地→magnificence n．华丽，富丽堂皇
26．dedicate v．致力于，献身于→ adj.献身的；专心致志的；一心一意的→___________________ n．献身，奉献；(建筑物等的)落成典礼；题献
27． n．帝国；大企业，企业集团→emperor n．皇帝
28． adj.忠诚的，忠实的→ adv.忠诚地；忠实地→loyalty n．忠实；忠诚
29． n．习俗，常规，惯例；(从业者、政党成员等的)大会，集会；(国家或首脑间的)公约，协定，协议→conventional adj.依照惯例的；遵循习俗的；墨守成规的；传统的
30． adj.相互的，彼此的；共有的，共同的→mutually adv.相互地；共同地
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．to this day
2． 当场，当下；在现场
3． 从各方面考虑，总的说来
4． 向下传递
Ⅲ.经典句型
1．Legend has it that...
，
and began drawing pictures of objects in nature，such as the moon，the sun and the trees.
据传说他看到地上有动物的足迹，便开始画自然界的物体，如月亮、太阳和树木。
2．过去分词作伴随状语；it＋be＋v.-ed＋to do...
by music and singing， of motion picture storytelling.
伴随着音乐和歌唱，它被认为是最古老的电影叙事形式。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024·湖南长沙一模)
Like so many other ABCs (American-born Chinese) and younger first- and second-generation Chinese immigrants(移民)，sisters Sarah and Kaitlin Leung reached a point in their adult lives when they started to long for the Chinese food they’d grown up on，but found it really difficult to learn how to prepare it.There was such a “representation gap”，as Sarah puts it，in terms of what kinds of cuisines were noticeably featured in those early days of TV celebrity chefs and the emerging food blogosphere(博客圈)．
As it turns out，though，the Leungs were uniquely positioned to do something about it.Bill，the father，had spent years cooking beef at his family’s Chinese American takeout restaurant.Judy，the mom，was born and raised in Shanghai and had deep knowledge about traditional Shanghainese cooking.Meanwhile，the two sisters had grown up in the New Jersey suburbs，eating their parents’ food，but also growing in America’s own food-obsessed culture.
So，in 2013，the Leungs started The Woks of Life.What distinguished the blog from others was that the intergenerational transfer of knowledge that the Leungs were so eager for was baked right into the concept—The four family members took turns posting recipes，each sharing their own favorites，tapping into their own areas of expert knowledge.
Kaitlin is proud that The Woks of Life follows a long line of pioneers—folks like Joyce Chen，Martin Yan and Ming Tsai，who first started to bring Chinese home cooking into the mainstream in the US.“We feel proud that we have made a meaningful mark over the past decade，casting light that there’s a huge demand for these recipes，” she says.“It’s about representation，yes，but there’s also a huge demand.Asian Americans look to reconnect with the food of their heritage.”
Five years ago，you wouldn’t have been able to find a ton of Chinese recipes in the New York Times food section，Kaitlin notes.Now you can.
1．What do the underlined words “representation gap” in paragraph 1 refer to
A．The shortage of Chinese chefs.
B．The lack of Chinese food recipes.
C．The gap between young and old ABCs.
D．The difference between chefs and bloggers.
2．What is the purpose of paragraph 2
A．To prove how unique the Leung sisters are.
B．To show why the Leungs prefer Chinese food.
C．To point out the Leungs’ advantage to start a food blog.
D．To stress the Leung sisters’ love for home cooking food.
3．What makes The Woks of Life special
A．The concept of baking food.
B．The large number of followers.
C．The bloggers’ way of posting recipes.
D．The intergenerational transfer of knowledge.
4．What is the significance of The Woks of Life
A．It strengthens bonds between individuals.
B．It marks the popularity of Chinese cuisine.
C．It has developed many new Chinese recipes.
D．It links Asian Americans with their food tradition.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Alexander Graham Bell hated spending summertime in Washington，DC.He usually 1 to his farm in Nova Scotia，but one year he had to stay in the capital.“Why humans have 2 how to warm a house but not how to cool one—until now，” he wondered，and in 1872，he 3 a cold-air-producing device and brought the temperature in his room down to 21℃.
When 69-year-old Bell told that 4 in a speech to the 1917 graduating class of McKinley Manual Training School，the students went 5 .The clapping lasted so long that he was 6 to say something more surprising.
“Could postage stamps be used in 7 of persons？” asked Bell，who had thought of 8 a low price for public transport，but the cost of building additional roads was too high.“Perhaps，the flying machine will be the 9 .”
In the speech，Bell also 10 on a century of progress and looked ahead with remarkable foresight.In the reflection，he was amazed by the 11 made in the past century：Gas lighting had evolved into electric bulbs and automobiles 12 horse-drawn vehicles.He then went on to 13 the commercial airplane，solar panels，and the 14 for renewable resources.
Gilbert Grosvenor，the editor of National Geographic magazine，asked for the 15 and published a revised version in the February issue.Now，more than one hundred years later，Bell’s predictions still remain prescient(预见性的)．
1．A.wandered B．escaped
C．flew D．applied
2．A.agreed on B．insisted on
C．figured out D．ruled out
3．A.designed B．bought
C．saw D．borrowed
4．A.accident B．loss
C．problem D．story
5．A.wild B．hungry
C．disappointed D．silent
6．A.allowed B．forced
C．paid D．chosen
7．A.favor B．memory
C．transportation D．case
8．A.cutting B．raising
C．avoiding D．charging
9．A.pollution B．solution
C．discovery D．issue
10．A.relied B．switched
C．reflected D．called
11．A.profits B．advances
C．materials D．failures
12．A.replaced B．destroyed
C．attacked D．missed
13．A.sell B．rent
C．invent D．predict
14．A.deadline B．competition
C．need D．balance
15．A.text B．book
C．contract D．interview
Ⅲ.语法填空
A fan can drive summer heat away and help bring a cool breeze(微风).1.________________ ancient times，the Chinese fan has been carrying artistic and unique 2.________________(nation) style.China has always been regarded as “the kingdom of fans”．
The fan first appeared in China about 3,000 years ago，in the Shang and Zhou dynasties.In the early period，the fan was called “the fan of honor”，3. (serve) as the symbol of etiquette(礼仪)．
After the Qin and Han dynasties，the main 4. (shape) of fans were square，round and hexagon(六边形)．The materials used to make fans 5. (be) mainly silk.People called the silk fans “court fans” 6. they were often used in royal court.The person 7. held the silk fan always looked gentle.
During the Sui and Tang dynasties，the common fans were round fans，feather fans，and some paper fans.The folding fan 8. (gradual) became popular after the Song dynasty.In the Ming and Qing dynasties，the folding fan was popular in Zhejiang，Suzhou and Sichuan.Then the 9.____________________(popular) of writing poems and drawing pictures on the cover of a fan was rising.Later，this skill 10. (introduce) to Europe and other parts of the world.
答案精析
基础知识盘点
Ⅰ.1.(石头或金属上)刻写的文字，铭刻，碑文 2.mainstream 3.笔迹，手迹；(一种语言的)字母系统，字母表；剧本，电影剧本，广播(或讲话等)稿 4.范围，领域，阶层，界；球，球体，球形 5.(一种语言的)字母表，全部字母 6.瓷，瓷器 7.teaching 8.(社会或行业中的)礼节，礼仪，规矩 9.(pl.)规范，行为标准；常态，正常行为；标准，定额，定量 10.动手的，实际操作的 11.盛年，年富力强的时期，鼎盛时期 主要的，首要的，基本的；优质的，上乘的，优异的 12.程序，仪规，礼节；习惯，老规矩 仪式上的，庆典的；习惯的，老套的，例行公事的 13.用音标标音；记录，抄录，把……转成(另一种书写形式) 14.将……包括在内，包含，吸收，使并入 15.复杂的，详尽的，精心制作的 详尽阐述，详细描述；详细制订，精心制作 16.极有魅力的，绝妙的，给人以深刻印象的；令人惊奇万分的，令人震惊的 17.互补的，补充的，相互补足的 18.改进，改善，使精练；精炼，提纯，去除杂质 19.急升，猛增；升空，升腾；高飞，翱翔；高耸，耸立 20.编写(书、列表、报告等)，编纂
21．righteousness 22.puppetry 23.unify 24.phonetically 25.magnificent magnificently 26.dedicated dedication 27.empire 28.loyal loyally 29.convention 30.mutual
Ⅱ.1.直到如今，甚至现在 2.on the spot 3.all in all
4．pass down
Ⅲ.1.Legend has it that he saw animal tracks in the ground
2．Accompanied it is believed to be the oldest form
能力提升精练
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一家美国华人创建了The Woks of Life博客来展示中国菜谱。
1．B [词义猜测题。根据第一段首句可知，很多美籍华人想吃小时候的中式饭菜时不知道如何做，结合画线词组前的such可推知，画线词组是指上文提到的不知道如何做中餐，即没有中餐食谱。故选B。]
2．C [写作意图题。根据第二段中的“As it turns out，though，the Leungs were uniquely positioned to do something about it.”以及本段下文对这家人与中餐有关的经历的叙述可推知，本段的目的是指出为什么梁家有条件创建博客来介绍中餐。故选C。]
3．D [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“What distinguished the blog from others was that the intergenerational transfer of knowledge that...”可知，他们的博客与其他博客的不同之处在于烹饪知识的代际传承，他们全家轮流分享食谱。故选D。]
4．D [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“It’s about representation，yes，but there’s also a huge demand.Asian Americans look to reconnect with the food of their heritage.”可知，这个博客让亚裔美国人和他们的饮食传统重新建立起联系。故选D。]
Ⅱ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了1917年贝尔在演讲中分享了对未来技术的预见，包括商业飞机和太阳能板等。贝尔的思考体现了他对人类生存、社会发展与环境之间关系的深刻洞察。
1．B [wander漫游；escape逃跑；fly飞；apply应用。由下文“but one year he had to stay in the capital”中的but可知，前后是转折关系，此处指他通常会逃到新斯科舍省的农场过夏天，但是有一年他不得不留在首都。故选B。]
2．C [agree on同意；insist on坚持；figure out弄明白；rule out排除。由下文“brought the temperature in his room down to 21℃”可知，此处指当时人类已经弄明白了如何给房子取暖却不知道如何让房子降温。故选C。]
3．A [design设计；buy买；see看见；borrow借。由下文“a cold-air-producing device and brought the temperature in his room down to 21℃”并结合上文“but not how to cool one—until now”可知，此前没有这种降温方式，所以此处指他设计了一种冷空气产生装置，将房间的温度降至 21℃。故选A。]
4．D [accident事故；loss损失；problem问题；story故事。由上文“but one year...”和“and in 1872...”可知，此处指Bell给学生们讲述了自己设计冷空气产生装置，将房间的温度降至 21℃的故事。故选D。]
5．A [wild感情强烈的(尤指生气、高兴或激动)；hungry饥饿的；disappointed失望的；silent沉默的。由下文“The clapping lasted so long”可知，学生们给他的掌声持续了很久，这说明学生们很兴奋，go wild意为“欣喜若狂；兴奋不已”。故选A。]
6．B [allow允许；force迫使；pay支付；choose选择。由上文“The clapping lasted so long that he”可知，学生太热情了，这迫使他接着说一些更令人惊讶的事情。故选B。]
7．C [favor偏爱；memory记忆；transportation运输；case案件。由下文“public transport”可推知，此处指贝尔问邮票是否能用于人员运输。故选C。]
8．D [cut切；raise提高；avoid避免；charge收费。由下文“a low price for public transport”可知，此处指公共交通的收费。故选D。]
9．B [pollution污染；solution解决方法；discovery发现；issue问题。上文提到修建额外道路的成本太高这一问题，结合常识可知，飞行器可能是交通问题的解决方案。故选B。]
10．C [rely (on)依靠，信任；switch (on)打开；reflect (on)回忆，回顾；call (on)拜访，号召。由下文“In the reflection”可知，他还回顾了一个世纪的进步。故选C。]
11．B [profit利润；advance进步；material材料；failure失败的人或事。由上文“on a century of progress”可知，他回顾了过去一个世纪的进步，对这些进步感到惊讶。故选B。]
12．A [replace代替；destroy毁坏；attack攻击；miss错过。由下文“horse-drawn vehicles”和常识可知，随着科技的进步，汽车取代了马车。故选A。]
13．D [sell卖；rent租用；invent发明；predict预测。由上文“and looked ahead with remarkable foresight”和下文“Now，more than one hundred years later，Bell’s predictions still remain prescient(预见性的)．”可知，此处指的是他还预测了未来。故选D。]
14．C [deadline截止日期；competition竞赛；need需求；balance平衡。由下文“for renewable resources”和常识可知，此处指他预见到将来人们对可再生资源是有需求的。故选C。]
15．A [text文本；book书；contract合同；interview采访，面试。根据第二段中“When 69-year-old Bell told that ________ in a speech to the 1917 graduating class”以及下文“and published a revised version in the February issue”可知，此处指索要贝尔的1917年演讲的文本并将其发表。故选A。]
Ⅲ.
1．Since [考查介词。由谓语时态“has been carrying”可知空处需填介词since，表示“自……以来”，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Since。]
2．national [考查形容词。修饰名词style需用形容词national作定语。故填national。]
3．serving [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词was called，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，the fan和serve为逻辑上的主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填serving。]
4．shapes [考查名词复数。根据后文“were”可知，空处需填名词作主语，且应用名词复数形式。故填shapes。]
5．were [考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时；主语为The materials，谓语动词使用复数形式。故填were。]
6．because/as [考查连词。上下文之间是因果关系，需用从属连词because/as连接，引导原因状语从句。故填because/as。]
7．who/that [考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词为The person，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。]
8．gradually [考查副词。修饰动词became需用副词作状语。故填gradually。]
9．popularity [考查名词。定冠词the修饰名词，空处需填名词popularity，表示抽象概念，不可数。故填popularity。]
10．was introduced [考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时；主语this skill和introduce之间为被动关系，需用被动语态，且主语为单数名词，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填was introduced。]Ⅰ.重点单词
1．variant n．
2．medication n．
3． vi.& vt.成倍增加，迅速增加；乘，乘以；(使)繁殖，增殖
4． n．口罩，面罩，面具；假面具；面膜；伪装，掩饰vt.掩饰，掩藏
5． n．症状；征候，征兆
6．pandemic n．
adj.
7．cybercrime n．
8．dose n．
9． n．持续时间；范围 vt.持续，贯穿；包括，涵盖；横跨
10．patch n．
11．excessive adj.
12． vi.干涉，干预，介入
13．ventilation n．
14． vt.传染，使感染；影响→infection n．感染；传染→ adj.传染性的
15． vt.传播，传染；传(热、声等)，透(光等)；传送，输送 vi.传送，输送→transmission n．传输；传递；传送；传达；传染；(电子信号、信息或广播、电视节目的)播送
16．irritate vt.刺激；使烦恼→irritation n．生气，气恼，恼怒(尤指事情无法轻松阻止或控制时)；恼人事；烦心事；刺激→ adj.恼人的；使人生气的→ adj.生气的；恼怒的
17． vt.让……采用(疗法)，给……开(药)，开(处方)；规定，命令，指示→prescription n．处方，药方；计划；建议
18．attach v．贴上；把……固定，把……附(在……上)；重视；认为有重要性(或意义、价值、分量等)→ adj.依恋；爱慕；附属于→ n．(用电子邮件发送的)附件；依恋，爱慕；(机器的)附件；连接，连接物；暂时隶属于
19．order n．顺序；次序；条理；命令 v．命令；指挥；要求；订购；点(酒菜等)→_____________ n．失调，紊乱，疾病；杂乱，混乱，凌乱；骚乱，动乱
20． vt.表现，显示，显出(感情、品质或能力)；展览，展出 vi.展览，展出 n．(一件)展览品，陈列品→exhibition n．展览；展出
21． n．着凉，受寒；寒冷，寒意，凉意→chilly adj.寒冷的；阴冷的
Ⅱ.核心短语
1． 齐心协力，通力合作
2．join forces with
3．in record time
4． 进行最大破坏，使尽最坏的招数
5．part with
6．drop one’s guard
7． 抵抗，击退
Ⅲ.经典句型
1．what引导的主语从句
is that infected people who show no symptoms may become unknowing carriers and spreaders of the virus.
使这种疾病更加危险的是，无症状感染者无意中可能会成为病毒携带者和传播者。
2．while引导的让步状语从句
in the fight against various types of infectious diseases, we still cannot live in a world completely free of them.
尽管人类已经在与多种传染性疾病的斗争中取得重大进步，但我们仍然无法生活在一个完全没有传染病的世界。
3．“only＋状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装
Only by working together，while accepting our individual responsibilities， .
只有共同努力，同时承担个人责任，我们才能解决国家和全球问题。
4．be of＋抽象名词
First of all，drug education .
首先，毒品教育是至关重要的。
5．the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...
of taking drugs， you are to stay away from them.
你越了解吸毒的可怕后果，就越会远离毒品。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024·浙江绍兴二模)
Do you see a bird right now Can you hear one chirping If so，you might be getting a mental health boost.A study recently published in the journal Science found that being in the presence of birds made people feel more positive.
Andrea Mechelli，a psychologist at King’s College London，found himself studying the natural world accidentally.Initially he was searching for answers to why people who lived in cities seemed to tend to suffer mental illness，particularly psychosis.In 2015，he created the smartphone app Urban Mind to search for patterns in users’ environments.“Our first finding is that nature has a very powerful effect，” says Mechelli.He and his colleagues then wondered if some aspects of nature were more beneficial than others.They turned to birds for their ubiquity(普遍存在) in rural and urban environments.
Their latest study included 1,292 participants mainly in Europe.For two weeks，participants were prompted to fill out a questionnaire about their surrounding environment and their mental state three times a day.Mechelli performed a statistical analysis that found an obvious improvement in well-being when birds were present，even when eliminating other factors like the presence of trees or waterways.The mental health benefit was true both for people who disclosed a depression diagnosis and those without any diagnosed mental health conditions.
Peter James，an environmental health scientist at Harvard，would like to see more data.He found that environmental health studies like these lack diversity.Yet，a psychologist at Trent University in Canada，Lisa Nisbet says，“This kind of study helps us understand how people’s everyday experience with specific elements of nature，such as birds，can be restorative.”
Appreciating birds seems to be a promising avenue for nature-based health and well-being interventions.At Mechelli’s clinical practice in London，he focuses on early intervention therapies.He suggests his patients go for walks to observe the trees and plants growing in the city，and the birds fluttering by from branch to branch.“It has no side effects，” he says.“It’s something they could try，and they have nothing to lose.”
1．What can be inferred about Andrea Mechelli’s study
A．Diverse environments are rewarding only for depressed people.
B．The presence of birds is beneficial to mental health.
C．Peter James thought highly of Mechelli’s research.
D．It was originally targeted at the research on birds.
2．What does the underlined word “eliminating” mean in paragraph 3
A．Defeating. B．Identifying.
C．Affecting. D．Removing.
3．Which of the following statements might Andrea Mechelli agree with
A．Early intervention shows no significance.
B．The access to nature helps people be more confident.
C．Nature-based intervention functions well in mental health.
D．People’s daily experience is connected with mental problems.
4．What’s the best title of the passage
A．Use Nature in Supporting Mental Health
B．Get Outside for a Quicker Mental Recovery
C．Analyze Data to Make a Good Treatment Plan
D．Turn to Birds for Better Understandings of Humans
Ⅱ.完形填空
Sergio Peralta always dreamed about playing catch.However，his right hand didn’t fully 1 .Ever since he was a child，his classmates have asked about his hand，and some have even 2 puter science teacher Jeff Wilkins noticed Peralta was the only student who 3 his mouse to the left side of his keyboard.He then saw Peralta didn’t have a right hand.
When Wilkins 4 Peralta and his mother about a prosthetic(假肢的) hand，they expressed interest but knew building one could be 5 for a high school class.In early November，Wilkins 6 assigned three of his students to the project.“I didn’t want to get his 7 up.I’d rather under-promise and over-deliver on something like this，” Wilkins said.The group did so while keeping their 8 a secret.They measured classmates’ hands to calculate Peralta’s 9 fit.
After working for about a week，the students used the school’s 3D printer to 10 a model.Students said they 11 Peralta wouldn’t like the hand，but the moment he 12 the model，he could bend his fingers.Then Wilkins threw him a yellow rubber ball repeatedly.Students yelled in 13 when he finally caught the ball.Peralta said he only 14 the prosthetic hand when he sleeps.“This just showed me a different way to 15 the community through my knowledge，” said Jaramillo，a senior who involved in the class project.
1．A.raise B．develop
C．change D．connect
2．A.convinced B．defeated
C．teased D．admired
3．A.cycled B．reserved
C．moved D．kicked
4．A.approached B．suspected
C．observed D．advertised
5．A.rewarding B．inspiring
C．approving D．challenging
6．A.randomly B．deliberately
C．temporarily D．secretly
7．A.fears B．hopes
C．demands D．doubts
8．A.attention B．memories
C．progress D．conflicts
9．A.typical B．ideal
C．normal D．familiar
10．A.create B．select
C．deliver D．save
11．A.remembered B．worried
C．argued D．regretted
12．A.turned up B．searched for
C．put on D．threw away
13．A.horror B．excitement
C．disappointment D．anxiety
14．A.removes B．trains
C．researches D．replaces
15．A.explore B．disturb
C．view D．help
Ⅲ.语法填空
In the center of Reykjavik，Iceland，stands a museum 1. (create) by Lillian Hopps，which symbolizes the friendship between Icelandic and Chinese people.A passionate admirer of Chinese heritage，Lillian began her journey to learn about China in the 1990s，a time 2.______________________ she deeply engaged herself in exploring China’s rich culture.Her passion transformed her home into a place filled with Chinese artifacts，which 3.____________________(eventual) led to the establishment of a museum in Reykjavik.
The museum 4. (house) an extensive collection of cultural relics，from ancient clothing 5. contemporary art，displaying thousands of years of Chinese civilization.Lillian’s work goes beyond just 6. (exhibit) these items；she brings the culture alive through highly 7. (interact) activities like tea performances，calligraphy classes，and traditional medicine talks，promoting the Icelandic understanding of China’s rich traditions.
Lillian’s museum，attracting thousands of visitors annually from around the world，8.________________(recognize) by the Icelandic government in 2021 for its impact.As Marta Jonsdottir，a director at Iceland’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs，put it in an interview，“Lillian，with her enthusiasm and expertise，has developed diverse cultural 9. (link) between Iceland and China.Her museum has not just enabled both peoples to better understand each other 10. strengthened our relations.”
答案精析
基础知识盘点
Ⅰ.1.变种，变体，变形 2.药，药物 3.multiply 4.mask
5．symptom 6.(全国或全球性)流行病，大流行病
大范围流行的 7.网络犯罪 8.(药的)一剂，一服；一份，一次，一点 9.span 10.修补(程序)，补丁 11.过分的，过度的 12.interfere 13.通风 14.infect infectious 15.transmit 16.irritating irritated
17．prescribe 18.attached attachment 19.disorder 20.exhibit 21.chill
Ⅱ.1.pull together 2.同……联合，与……合作 3.以最快的速度 4.do one’s worst 5.放弃，交出 6.放松警惕
7．fight off
Ⅲ.1.What makes this disease even more dangerous
2．While humankind has made great progress 3.can we solve both national and global problems 4.is of vital importance 5.The more you know about the terrible consequences the more likely
能力提升精练
Ⅰ.
1．B [推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句以及第三段中“Mechelli performed a statistical analysis that found an obvious improvement in well-being when birds were present”可推知，鸟的存在有利于心理健康。故选B。]
2．D [词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“an obvious improvement in well-being when birds were present，even when eliminating other factors like the presence of trees or waterways”尤其是“when birds were present”以及“even when”可知，只要鸟类在场，即使去除树木或水道等其他因素，人们的幸福感也会有明显改善，画线词eliminating应是“去除”之意，和D项“Removing”意思一致。故选D。]
3．C [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He suggests his patients go for walks to observe the trees and plants growing in the city，and the birds fluttering by from branch to branch.”可推知，Andrea Mechelli会赞同基于自然的干预在心理健康方面效果显著。故选C。]
4．A [标题归纳题。根据第一段中“A study recently published in the journal Science found that being in the presence of birds made people feel more positive.”及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了一项研究发现，有鸟类在身边会让人感觉更加积极，更有利于心理健康。所以A项“Use Nature in Supporting Mental Health”可作本文标题。故选A。]
Ⅱ.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一群学生使用3D打印技术帮助右手残疾的学生Peralta制作了假手，恢复了正常生活的故事。
1．B [根据下文“He then saw Peralta didn’t have a right hand.”可知，Peralta右手残疾，由此推知他出生时右手没有完全发育，故选B。]
2．C [根据上文“Ever since he was a child，his classmates have asked about his hand，and some have even...”可知“甚至取笑他”符合语境，故选C。]
3．C [根据下文“his mouse to the left side of his keyboard”可知，鼠标通常都是在键盘的右侧，而Peralta没有右手，他只能把鼠标移动到键盘左侧，故选C。]
4．A [根据下文“they expressed interest”可知，威尔金斯与Peralta和他的母亲接洽，沟通假手一事。approach在此处意为“接洽，建议，要求”。故选A。]
5．D [根据上文“they expressed interest but knew building one could be”中的but表转折可知，制作假手对高中生来讲是有“挑战性的”，符合语境。故选D。]
6．D [根据下文“The group did so while keeping their ______ a secret.”可知，这个项目是秘密进行的，故选D。]
7．B [根据下文“I’d rather under-promise and over-deliver on something like this”可知，威尔金斯不希望Peralta对此抱太大希望，故选B。]
8．C [根据下文“They measured classmates’ hands to calculate Peralta’s ________ fit.”可知，他们通过测量同学的手的方式计算出Peralta的最佳尺寸，由此可推理出他们对工作的进展情况保密，故选C。]
9．B [根据上文“They measured classmates’ hands to calculate”可知，他们通过测量同学的手的方式进行精确计算，目的是计算出Peralta的最佳尺寸，故选B。]
10．A [根据上文“3D printer”以及下文“a model”可推理出学生们使用3D打印机制作模型，故选A。]
11．B [根据下文“Peralta wouldn’t like the hand”可知，学生们担心Peralta会不喜欢这只手，故选B。]
12．C [根据下文“he could bend his fingers”可推理出他戴上了模型，故选C。]
13．B [根据下文“when he finally caught the ball”可知，Peralta使用假手接住了球，说明学生们成功了，于是兴奋地大叫，故选B。]
14．A [根据下文“when he sleeps”可知，睡觉的时候不使用假手，需要摘下来，故选A。]
15．D [根据下文“a senior who involved in the class project”可知这名学生参与了该项目，因此此处指用不同的方式来帮助社区，故选D。]
Ⅲ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了Lillian Hopps在冰岛雷克雅未克创建的博物馆促进了冰岛人民对中国传统文化的了解，巩固了两国的友谊。
1．created [考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语是stands，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语a museum和create之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填created。]
2．when [考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词为a time，且空处在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when。故填when。]
3．eventually [考查副词。空处修饰动词led，应用副词作状语，表示“最后，终于”。故填eventually。]
4．houses [考查时态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语。这里陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语The museum为单数，谓语应用单数。故填houses。]
5．to [考查介词。from...to...意为“从……到……”，为固定搭配。故填to。]
6．exhibiting [考查非谓语动词。空处应用动名词，作介词beyond的宾语。故填exhibiting。]
7．interactive [考查形容词。空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词activities。interactive意为“互动的，交互的”，符合句意。故填interactive。]
8．was recognized [考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语。根据句中的“in 2021”可知，这里是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。主语Lillian’s museum和recognize之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且主语为单数，be动词应用was。故填was recognized。]
9．links [考查名词复数。空处作developed的宾语，link意为“联系”，为可数名词。前面有diverse修饰，这里应用名词复数。故填links。]
10．but [考查连词。not just...but...意为“不仅……而且……”，为固定搭配。故填but。]Ⅰ.重点单词
1． n．概述，纵览，概论，概况
2． n．(系船用的)缆绳，(支撑桥梁等用的)钢索；电缆
3．tremendous adj.
4．composite n． adj.
5．reap vt.
6．destiny n．
7．transfix vt.
8．imbed (also embed) vt.(imbedded，imbedded)
9． adj.即将发生(或来临)的
10．commute vi.& vt. n．
11． n．观点，见解，世界观，人生观；前景，可能性；景色，景致，景观
12．spouse n．
13．subordinate vt. adj.
14．interval n．
15．procrastination n．
16． vt.违反，违犯，违背(法律、协议等)
17． vt.& vi.( ， )超过，赶上
18． adj.较差的，次的，比不上……的
19．quest n．
20． vt.& vi.进行头脑风暴，集思广益提出(想法或办法)
21． vi.& vt.挤压，捏；(使)挤入，挤过，塞入
22．finite adj.
23． adj.按时的，准时的，守时的→punctually adv.如期地，准时地；正点
24． vt.分类，归类；划分，界定→ adj.机密的，保密的；分类的→classification n．分类；类别；分类法；分类系统
25． adj.积极主动的，主动出击的，先发制人的→proactively adv.积极主动地，主动出击地，先发制人地
26．visual adj.视力的；视觉的 n．视觉资料(指说明性的图片、影片等)→ vt.使形象化，想象，构思，设想
27．event n．(尤指)重要事情，大事；(体育运动的)比赛项目→ adj.充满大事的，多事故的，多变故的
28．rehearse v．排练，排演；默诵；背诵；照搬；重复→ n．排演，排练；预演，演习；复述，重复，叙述
Ⅱ.核心短语
1． 找出，查到，搜寻到
2．and so forth
3．burn oneself out
4．weigh sb down
Ⅲ.经典句型
1．even if引导让步状语从句
that in order to interact effectively with others I really need to listen to them，I may not have the skill.
即使我确实知道为了与他人有效互动，我真的需要倾听他们(的意见)，但我可能没有这种技能。
2．by＋v.-ing作方式状语；as引导原因状语从句
，we can break through to new levels of personal and interpersonal effectiveness _________________ old paradigms that may have been a source of pseudo-security for years.
通过研究知识、技能和欲望，我们可以突破个人和人际效能的新水平，因为我们打破了多年来可能是伪安全来源的旧模式。
3．it作形式主语；v.-ing短语作结果状语
Do some quick calculations，and these essential activities take up an enormous part of your day， to stay with family and friends，pursue a hobby or work on personal development.
做一些快速的计算，你会发现这些必不可少的活动占据了你一天中的很大一部分，只剩下有限的时间与家人和朋友待在一起、追求一种爱好或致力于个人发展。
4．now that引导原因状语从句
So， ，how can you improve your ability to manage your time
所以，既然你明白了为什么良好的时间管理非常重要，你如何提高你管理时间的能力呢？
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Everyone knows what makes a good story.Our hero starts their journey as a flawed being.In scene after scene，they face challenges that push them down new paths.By the end of the tale，they overcome setbacks and become a better person in the process.
We love these plots in the novels we read but the principles of a good story offer much more than entertainment.Recent research shows that the narratives we tell ourselves about our lives can powerfully help us recover from stress.People who generate tales of struggling and turning over a new leaf from their own lives appear to have much better mental health.Professor Dan McAdams put forward this idea and discovered that whether someone can describe having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of mental health.Another key theme involved is finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events.
McAdams invited 14- and 15-year-olds to join in an experiment to write about their experiences of failure and success.Half of them were then given extra instructions to describe the ways they had made their success a reality and how the failure had changed them for the better.Eight weeks later，members of this group reported greater persistence and better grades in their schoolwork.
Exciting as these results are，some experts sound a few notes of caution.They worry that，hearing about the power of self-narratives，many people may feel they have to find a positive turning point in life.If they can’t，they could end up feeling guilty about having somehow “failed”．
Clearly，self-narratives aren’t the panacea.Nevertheless，if you hope for self-improvement，you can use the findings to good effect.By recognizing ourselves as the hero at the center of our own struggles，we can all become the author of our own destiny and change ourselves for the better.
1．What does the research focus on
A．The causes of stress.
B．The principles of narrative.
C．The connection between struggle and well-being.
D．The link between mental health and self-narratives.
2．Why is the experiment mentioned in paragraph 3
A．To give proof.
B．To make predictions.
C．To draw a conclusion.
D．To make comparisons.
3．What does the underlined word “panacea” in the last paragraph refer to
A．Attempt to get rid of worries.
B．Means of recognizing yourself.
C．Solution to adolescent problems.
D．Guarantee to become better people.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Embrace Life Struggles
B．Be Your Own Hero
C．Ways to Make a Good Story
D．The Power of Self-improvement
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·新课标Ⅱ)
When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago，I didn’t think too long.I liked traveling in France，but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 1 ，Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit to Italy，I 2 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.But every time I tried to 3 a sentence of Italian together，the locals smiled at me and 4 my language skills.That encouragement helped me to get through the language 5 .After I made Italy my permanent home，I discovered how 6 Italians are.Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 7 me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.It’s these small 8 of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
As a foodie，the way to my heart is through my stomach，and nowhere fuels my 9 quite like Italy.Each town has its own traditional 10 ，and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another.Families 11 for big meals on Sundays，birthdays，and whatever other excuses they can 12 .These meals are always 13 by laughter and joy.Whatever 14 life in Italy might have，the problems are 15 once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
1．A.study B．rent
C．visit D．settle
2．A.planned B．struggled
C．refused D．happened
3．A.string B．hang
C．mix D．match
4．A.improved B．assessed
C．admired D．praised
5．A.course B．barrier
C．area D．test
6．A.open-minded B．strong-willed
C．warm-hearted D．well-informed
7．A.remind B．allow
C．persuade D．order
8．A.tricks B．promises
C．acts D．duties
9．A.ambition B．success
C．appetite D．growth
10．A.costume B．dish
C．symbol D．tale
11．A.gather B．cheer
C．leave D．wait
12．A.put up with B．stand up for
C．come up with D．make up for
13．A.signaled B．confirmed
C．represented D．accompanied
14．A.disadvantages B．meanings
C．surprises D．opportunities
15．A.created B．forgotten
C．understood D．identified
Ⅲ.语法填空
Poetry,1. universal form of literature，plays an important role in ancient China.Poetry probably had its origins in traditional folk music tens of thousands of years ago.In that era，there were no TVs or films，and 2. (write) had not been invented，so people would sit around the fire at night and sing songs 3.______________________(entertain) themselves.These songs reflected themes from the people’s daily life，such as hunting animals or sowing 4. (crop)．Since nothing was set down，over the years different versions of these songs developed，and each area would have its own respective rhythm.In addition to this，people would recite stories of past heroes.
As these stories were often quite long，they often had rhyme and rhythm to help people remember them more 5. (easy)．While in the beginning such songs and stories had a very simple format，over time they became more complicated and 6.________________________(pretty)．These were no longer the works of amateurs sitting around a fire，7. works of true poets who cared about their art and who sometimes made a living from it.
Poetry plays with sounds，words，and grammar，8. makes poetry difficult to write but very interesting to read.Poetry uses colors，feelings，experiences，and images to paint a picture in your mind.Today，many Chinese people 9. (become) more interested in reading poems，no matter 10. language they are written.Translation is good，but being able to read in what language is best.
答案精析
基础知识盘点
Ⅰ.1.overview 2.cable 3.巨大的，极大的；极好的，精彩的，了不起的 4.合成物，混合物，复合材料 合成的，混成的，复合的 5.取得(成果)，收获 6.命运，天命，天数 7.使(因恐惧、惊愕等而)动弹不得，使惊呆
8．把……牢牢地嵌入(或插入、埋入) 9.upcoming 10.(乘公共汽车、火车、汽车等)上下班往返，经常往返(于两地) 上下班路程 11.outlook 12.配偶
13．把……置于次要地位，使从属于 隶属的，从属的，下级的；次要的 14.(时间上的)间隔，间隙，间歇
15．拖延，耽搁 16.violate 17.overtake overtook overtaken 18.inferior 19.探索，寻找，追求
20．brainstorm 21.squeeze 22.有限的，有限制的 23.punctual 24.classify classified 25.proactive
26．visualize/visualise 27.eventful 28.rehearsal
Ⅱ.1.search out 2.……等等，诸如此类 3.让自己耗尽体力，累垮 4.使烦恼，使焦虑，使忧心忡忡
Ⅲ.1.Even if I do know 2.By working on knowledge，skill，and desire as we break with 3.it will occur to you that leaving only limited time 4.now that you understand why good time management is of great importance
能力提升精练
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最近的研究结果：我们对自己生活的描述可以有力地帮助我们从压力中恢复过来，那些讲述自己在生活中挣扎并重新开始的人似乎有更健康的心理状态。
1．D [细节理解题。根据第二段中“Recent research shows that the narratives we tell ourselves about our lives can powerfully help us recover from stress.People who generate tales of struggling and turning over a new leaf from their own lives appear to have much better mental health.”可知，研究的重点是心理健康和自我叙述之间的联系。故选D。]
2．A [推理判断题。第二段提到研究表明，我们对自己生活的描述可以有力地帮助我们从压力中恢复过来，拥有更健康的心理状态，结合第三段描述的实验过程和结果可推知，在第三段提到这个实验是为了提供证据证明该研究结果。故选A。]
3．D [词义猜测题。根据第四段中“If they can’t，they could end up feeling guilty about having somehow ‘failed’．”可知，自我叙述并不能保证自己可以成为更好的人。故画线词“panacea”意为“保证成为更好的人”。故选D。]
4．B [标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了最近的研究结果：我们对自己生活的描述可以有力地帮助我们从压力中恢复过来。那些讲述自己在生活中挣扎并重新开始的人似乎有更健康的心理状态。我们要认识到自己是奋斗中的主角，可以主宰自己的命运，让自己变得更好。故B选项“Be Your Own Hero”能概括大意，适合作文章标题。故选B。]
Ⅱ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，中等难度。文章主要讲述了作者十年前选择在意大利定居的原因以及意大利的风土人情。
1．D [study学习；rent租用；visit游览；settle定居。根据上文的“I decided to buy a house in Europe”以及空白处前表示转折的but可知，虽然作者喜欢在法国旅行，但是最终还是选择在意大利定居。下文的“I made Italy my permanent home”亦有提示。故选D。]
2．B [plan计划；struggle斗争，吃力地进行；refuse拒绝；happen出现，发生。根据上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知，此处指作者第一次到意大利，语言不通，很难沟通交流。故选B。]
3．A [string串起，把……连在一起；hang悬挂；mix混合；match配对。根据下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知，此处指作者努力想用意大利语串成一句话。故选A。]
4．D [improve改进；assess评估；admire钦佩；praise赞扬。根据上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可推知，此处指作者尝试说意大利语，当地人赞扬作者的语言能力。故选D。]
5．B [course课程；barrier障碍；area区域；test测试。根据上文“the locals smiled at me and ________ my language skills.That encouragement helped me”可推知，此处指当地人的鼓励帮助作者克服了语言障碍。故选B。]
6．C [open-minded思想开明的；strong-willed意志坚定的；warm-hearted热心的；well-informed见多识广的。根据下文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to ________ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指作者发现意大利人都很热心。故选C。]
7．A [remind提醒；allow允许；persuade说服；order命令。根据上文“I discovered how ________ Italians are”以及“will come to my door”可推知，此处指热心的邻居在快要下雨的时候会来作者家门前提醒作者关上车窗。故选A。]
8．C [trick技巧；promise承诺；act行为；duty职责。根据上文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese... ________ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居们的善举。故选C。]
9．C [ambition雄心；success成功；appetite食欲；growth发育。根据上文“As a foodie，the way to my heart is through my stomach”可知，作者是一个美食家，所以应该是刺激食欲。故选C。]
10．B [costume服装；dish菜肴；symbol符号；tale故事。结合上下文可知，本段内容与意大利饮食有关。再结合下文“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another”可推知，此处指意大利的每个城镇都有自己的传统菜肴。故选B。]
11．A [gather聚集；cheer欢呼；leave留下；wait等待。根据下文的“These meals are always ________ by laughter and joy.”和“a big meal with friends and family”可知，意大利家庭热爱聚餐，并享受这种美食文化。故选A。]
12．C [put up with容忍；stand up for支持；come up with想出；make up for弥补。根据上文“whatever other excuses they can”可推知，此处指家人们为了聚在一起吃饭而想出各种理由。故选C。]
13．D [signal示意；confirm确认；represent代表；accompany伴随。根据下文“by laughter and joy”可推知，此处指家人们在一起用餐时伴随着欢声笑语。固定搭配“be accompanied by”译为“伴随着”。故选D。]
14．A [disadvantage缺点；meaning意义；surprise惊喜；opportunity机会。根据下文“the problems”可推知，此处指不论在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处。故选A。]
15．B [create创建；forget忘记；understand理解；identify确认。根据下文“once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family”可推知，此处指无论在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处，跟家人们吃一顿饭就会忘记那些不愉快。故选B。]
Ⅲ.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诗歌作为一种普遍的文学形式，在中国古代扮演着重要的角色。如今，许多中国人对阅读诗歌越来越感兴趣。
1．a [考查冠词。由form“形式”为可数名词可知，此处为泛指一种普遍的形式，“不定冠词a/an＋单数名词”表泛指，结合universal发音为辅音音素开头。故填a。]
2．writing [考查名词。空处应用名词形式作主语，writing符合题意，意为“书写”。故填writing。]
3．to entertain [考查非谓语动词。句意：所以人们晚上会围坐在火边唱歌自娱。由句意可知，此处为不定式作目的状语，表示“去娱乐自己”。故填to entertain。]
4．crops [考查名词复数。crop“庄稼，作物”，为可数名词。故此处用其复数形式，sow crops种庄稼。故填crops。]
5．easily [考查副词。此处用副词修饰动词remember。故填easily。]
6．prettier [考查形容词的比较级。由and可知，此处和前面的more complicated为并列关系，也应用比较级形式。故填prettier。]
7．but [考查连词。句意：这些作品不再是业余爱好者围坐在火堆旁的作品，而是真正的诗人的作品，他们关心自己的艺术，有时还以此为生。由句意可知，上下文为转折关系，应用but表示“而是”。故填but。]
8．which [考查关系词。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Poetry plays with sounds，words，and grammar，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。]
9．are becoming [考查动词时态和主谓一致。由前面的时间状语“Today”和句意可知，该句用现在进行时，表示目前正在持续的动作，结合主语many Chinese people为复数形式。故填are becoming。]
10．what [考查让步状语从句。此处为no matter what“无论什么”引导让步状语从句，表示无论它们是用什么语言写的。故填what。]Unit 3 On the move
Ⅰ.重点单词
1． vi.瞥一眼；粗略地看 n．一瞥，匆匆一看
2．revolution n．
3． n．硬件
4．brake n． vt.& vi.
5．pedestrian n． adj.
6． n．困境，(进退两难的)窘境
7．fare n．
8．cater vi.& vt.
9． vt.改善；使(机器等)升级；提升
10．ferry n． vt.& vi.
11． adj.警觉的 vt.使警觉；使意识到 n．警报
12．blueprint n．
13．casual adj.随便的；漫不经心的→ adv.漫不经心地
14． n．拼图；谜；不解之谜，疑问 vt.迷惑，使困惑→puzzled adj.困惑的→_____________ adj.令人困惑的
15．accelerate v．加速→ n．(汽车等的)加速装置，油门；加速器
16．perceive v．认为；察觉到→ n．知觉，感知；洞察力；看法，见解
17． adj.悲惨的；悲剧的→tragically adv.悲惨地→ n．悲剧
18． vt.使面对；对抗；处理，解决；使……无法回避→confrontation n．对抗；对峙；冲突
19． vt.大量生产，成批制造→manufacturer n．制造商；生产者
20．regulate v．管理；调节→ n．规章制度，规则；管理，控制
21．caution n．小心；谨慎→ adj.小心的，谨慎的→ adv.小心地，谨慎地
22．frustrate v．使沮丧→ adj.沮丧的；失意的→ adj.令人沮丧的→ n．沮丧；挫败；令人懊恼(或沮丧)的事物
23． vt.设置，安装→installment n．安装
24．emit v．发出；散发→ n．发出，排放；排放物，散发物
25．distract v．使分心→ adj.令人分心的→ n．使人分心的事
26．likely adj.可能的→ n．可能，可能性
27．severe adj.严重的→ n．严重性；严厉
28．space n．空间→ adj.宽敞的
29．swift adj.迅速的；敏捷的→ adv.迅速地；敏捷地
30．horizon n．地平线；眼界→ adj.横的，水平的
31．vision n．视野；想象→ adj.有远见卓识的；梦幻的
32．persevere v．坚持→ n．毅力，不屈不挠的精神
33． vt.& vi.(使)苏醒，复活；重新使用→revival n．振兴，复苏；复兴
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．in line with
2． 提前
3． 面对(某事物)
4．at fault
5． 满足需要，适合
6．in the blink of an eye
7． 使用中，工作中
8．make one’s debut
Ⅲ.经典句型
1．since引导原因状语从句
in every possible condition ahead of time，the system might not recognize everything on the road.
既然对于数据库来说将每种可能发生的情况下的每个可能存在的物体都预先包含是不合情理的，系统可能就无法识别路上的所有东西。
2．remain to be done
As advances in autonomous vehicle design and technology are in progress，the final agreement on laws and regulations governing this industry .
自动驾驶汽车的设计和技术正在不断进步，而管理该行业的法律法规的最终一致尚待确定。
3．虚拟条件句
If the city the underground system，getting around .
如果这座城市没有建造地铁系统，四处走动就不会那么方便了。
4．独立主格结构
Then its doors close and the train departs exactly on time，_______________________ as it quickly and silently gathers speed.
然后它的车门关闭，火车准点出发，悄无声息地飞快提速，让人几乎察觉不到它在行进。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
About one in four Americans are physically inactive，according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.But for many of us，physical inactivity is not an intentional choice.It stems from sitting all day at a desk job，driving to work because there are no suitable walking or cycling routes，and having little time for exercise.But what if the infrastructure(基础设施) around you gave you the opportunity to move your body without taking extra time out of your day
“An active city would offer you loads of ways to get from A to B，” said Anna Boldina，an architectural researcher and designer who studies active cities at the University of Cambridge in the U．K.“Not only would these active cities be full of variety，but the various elements of an active city also have their own specific benefits：for example，stepping stones improve balanced co-activation of a variety of upper and lower body muscles as well as mindfulness and concentration on ‘here and now’，known as a stress relief.”
This all sounds great for future city design and planning，but how can we integrate these features into existing city infrastructure “The best way to transform a place into an active city is through small interventions here and there：an extra stepping stone shortcut across the grass or extra log across the rain garden，” Boldina said.“Sometimes it is not about adding；it is about removing.It is also important that these routes are accessible to people of all ages and abilities.”
Of course，if there are always less challenging alternatives available，how can we encourage those who are able to take the more physically active routes “One of our studies was aimed specifically at encouragement，” Boldina said.The study found that the most effective means of encouragement was providing a shortcut.“Other factors included playfulness，crossing water，using natural materials and adding handrails for confidence，” added Boldina，whose group is currently working with architects in Cambridge to create such active landscapes.
1．What does the phrase “stems from” underlined in paragraph 1 mean
A．Relies on. B．Is caused by.
C．Mixes with. D．Is changed into.
2．What can we learn about active cities
A．They contribute to better health.
B．They offer personalized activities.
C．They rely on governmental support.
D．They generally look like each other.
3．What does Boldina think matters when we transform a place into an active city
A．Protecting the local environment.
B．Adding a variety of safety equipment.
C．Making it easy for people to use.
D．Designing as many routes as possible.
4．What does Boldina’s study try to find
A．How to motivate citizens to use active routes.
B．How to make active routes functional and fun.
C．Why citizens have little interest in active routes.
D．Why Cambridge can succeed in adopting active routes.
Ⅱ.完形填空
During the final term of my theater and performance degree at the University of Leeds，we planned to 1 some interactive workshops with elderly residents to try to 2 memory and social engagement.
I remember being 3 ，aware that we were working with old people who were almost non-verbal(不能说话的)．
I had decided to play music at the end of the session.We went with the song My Way 4 those elderly residents would have been listening to the hit song in their late 20s.Once I pressed play，nearly everyone in the room stood up and 5 what seemed like every word.I was so deeply 6 .Many of them were communicating much better.It looked and felt like 7 .
Off I went to drama school，but I thought about that 8 almost daily.So when we were given the opportunity to write a script(剧本) for a 9 festival，I created a love story about 10 and dementia(痴呆)，spanning 50 years of a couple’s life.
And now,10 years later，the show I 11 is running again in London thanks to the Music for Dementia campaign.
I now know that music-based interventions(治疗) 12 the need for antipsychotic medication(抗精神病药物) in more than 60 percent of people 13 dementia.I don’t know what my My Way would be，but I certainly think we should all try to find our 14 and do our best to stay connected to the people we 15 it with.
1．A.hold B．stop
C．delay D．suspend
2．A.remove B．identify
C．inspire D．assess
3．A.thrilled B．nervous
C．ashamed D．delighted
4．A.until B．unless
C．if D．because
5．A.sang B．said
C．heard D．wrote
6．A.scared B．moved
C．amused D．annoyed
7．A.art B．magic
C．hope D．mercy
8．A.problem B．goal
C．policy D．experience
9．A.theater B．science
C．flower D．sports
10．A.water B．fruit
C．music D．food
11．A.performed B．watched
C．recorded D．made
12．A.repeat B．protect
C．reduce D．ignore
13．A.living with B．hearing of
C．escaping from D．focusing on
14．A.show B．time
C．speech D．song
15．A.take B．share
C．discuss D．learn
Ⅲ.语法填空
It’s easy to get overwhelmed when you have a lot on your plate.Between work 1._________________(responsibility) and personal obligations，life can get stressful.It’s even 2._________________(bad) when you forget something important.By creating organized to-do lists，you can prioritize the things you need to do，keep track of 3. still needs to be completed，and feel productive and prepared in all areas of your life.
List all of the tasks that you need 4. (accomplish)．These can range from “finish the presentation for work next week” 5. “find a present for Mom’s birthday next month”．Then sort your master list into categories.By creating separate lists，you can 6. (complete) focus your attention and energy on one set of tasks at 7. time.Next，make your list aesthetically-pleasing(赏心悦目的)．This may sound superficial and 8. (necessary)，but it really can help change the way you look at your to-do list.
Make your to-do lists for the current day only.Keep it simple! This will help you organize your tasks in order of priority，and you won’t feel overwhelmed while 9. (look) ahead at tasks for tomorrow，next week，or next month.Be realistic about what can 10.__________________(finish) in 24 hours.Your daily to-do lists should have less than ten things，and maybe even less than five.
答案精析
基础知识盘点
Ⅰ.1.glance 2.巨变，革命；(环绕中心点的)旋转 3.hardware 4.刹车；阻力，障碍 刹(车) 5.行人 行人的
6．dilemma 7.车费，船费 8.(为社交活动)提供饮食，承办餐宴 9.upgrade 10.渡船，轮渡 渡运，摆渡 11.alert 12.计划蓝图，行动方案 13.casually
14．puzzle puzzling 15.accelerator 16.perception 17.tragic tragedy 18.confront 19.manufacture
20．regulation 21.cautious cautiously 22.frustrated
frustrating frustration 23.install 24.emission
25．distracting distraction 26.likelihood 27.severity
28．spacious 29.swiftly 30.horizontal 31.visionary
32．perseverance 33.revive
Ⅱ.1.与……相似(或紧密相连) 2.ahead of time
3．be confronted with 4.有责任，有过错 5.cater for
6．眨眼的工夫，很快 7.in operation 8.首次亮相
Ⅲ.1.Since it is unreasonable for the database to include every possible object 2.remains to be seen 3.hadn’t built wouldn’t be so convenient 4.its progress barely noticed
能力提升精练
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于如何在城市中通过设计基础设施来促进人们的身体活动的研究和建议。
1．B [词义猜测题。前文“But for many of us，physical inactivity is not an intentional choice.”指出缺乏运动并不是一个有意的选择，根据画线部分后文“sitting all day at a desk job，driving to work because there are no suitable walking or cycling routes，and having little time for exercise”可推知，后文是不活跃的原因，所以画线短语应是“源于”之意，和B项意思相近。故选B。]
2．A [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Not only would these active cities...improve balanced co-activation of a variety of upper and lower body muscles as well as mindfulness and concentration on...”可知，充满活力的城市有助于锻炼身体，增进健康。故选A。]
3．C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The best way to transform a place into an active city is through small interventions here and there”“It is also important that these routes are accessible to people of all ages and abilities.”可知，Boldina认为在改造活力城市时重要的是使设施方便各地区、所有年龄段和能力的人使用。故选C。]
4．A [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The study found that the most effective means of encouragement was providing a shortcut.”可知，Boldina的研究试图找到如何激励市民使用活跃的路线。故选A。]
Ⅱ.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。作者分享了在大学的最后一个学期通过音乐与老人建立联系，并且让他们的交流变得更好的经历。这段难忘的经历给作者后来的生活和工作带来了灵感。
1．A [hold举办；stop停止；delay推迟；suspend暂停，悬挂。根据下文“some interactive workshops”可知，此处表示举办一些互动讲习班。故选A。]
2．C [remove移除；identify鉴定，确认；inspire激发；assess评估。根据上文“some interactive workshops”和下文“memory and social engagement”可知，举办一些有老年居民参与的互动讲习班是为了激发记忆和鼓励社会参与。故选C。]
3．B [thrilled极为激动的，非常兴奋的；nervous紧张的；ashamed羞耻的；delighted高兴的。根据下文“we were working with old people who were almost non-verbal(不能说话的)”可知，和几乎不能说话的老人一起工作让作者感到紧张。故选B。]
4．D [until直到；unless除非；if如果；because因为。根据下文“those elderly residents would have been listening to the hit song in their late 20s”可知，此处解释作者选择《My Way》这首歌的原因，应用because引导原因状语从句。故选D。]
5．A [sing唱；say说；hear听见；write写。根据上文“We went with the song My Way”可知，歌曲播放以后，房间里几乎每个人都跟着唱。故选A。]
6．B [scared害怕的；moved感动的；amused被逗乐的；annoyed恼怒的。根据上文“Once I pressed play，nearly everyone in the room stood up and ________ what seemed like every word.”可知，作者播放的歌曲得到了老人们的回应，因此作者被深深感动了。故选B。]
7．B [art艺术；magic魔法；hope希望；mercy仁慈。根据上文“Many of them were communicating much better.”可知，本来几乎不会说话的老人与人交流得更好了，因此作者感觉像魔法一样。故选B。]
8．D [problem问题；goal目标；policy政策；experience经历，经验。根据上文描述的经历以及“Off I went to drama school，but I thought about”可知，作者几乎每天都会想起那段经历。故选D。]
9．A [theater戏剧；science科学；flower花；sports运动。根据上文“So when we were given the opportunity to write a script(剧本)”可知，此处表示有机会为戏剧节写剧本。故选A。]
10．C [water水；fruit水果；music音乐；food食物。根据下文“thanks to the Music for Dementia campaign”可知，此处指音乐。故选C。]
11．D [perform表现，表演；watch观看；record记录；make制作。根据上文“I created a love story about ________ and dementia”可知，作者制作的节目又一次上演。故选D。]
12．C [repeat重复；protect保护；reduce减少；ignore忽视。根据上文描述的音乐使几乎不会说话的老年人交流更好和下文“the need for antipsychotic medication(抗精神病药物)”可知，以音乐为基础的干预减少了超过60%的痴呆症患者对抗精神病药物的需求。故选C。]
13．A [live with忍受，患有；hear of听说；escape from从……逃跑；focus on集中于，专注于。根据空后的“dementia”可知，此处表示患有痴呆症的人们。故选A。]
14．D [show演出；time时间；speech演讲；song歌。根据上文“I don’t know what my My Way would be”可知，此处指歌曲。故选D。]
15．B [take拿走；share分享；discuss谈论；learn学习。根据上文“do our best to stay connected to the people”可知，此处表示尽我们最大的努力与我们分享同一首歌的人保持联系。故选B。]
Ⅲ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。当你有很多事情要做的时候，你很容易不知所措。文章介绍了处理这种境况的方法。
1．responsibilities [考查名词复数。responsibility为可数名词，根据and后面的obligations可知，此处用名词复数。故填responsibilities。]
2．worse [考查形容词的比较级。根据空前的even可知，此处用形容词bad的比较级形式worse。故填worse。]
3．what [考查宾语从句的引导词。介词of后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词和主语，所填词起双重作用，连接代词what符合句意。故填what。]
4．to accomplish [考查动词不定式作宾语。动词need后面跟动词不定式作宾语。故填to accomplish。]
5．to [考查介词。固定搭配：range from...to...，意为“从……到……变动，从……到……范围”。故填to。]
6．completely [考查副词。 focus是动词，应用副词修饰。故填completely。]
7．a [考查不定冠词。固定短语：at a time意为“一次，每次”。故填a。]
8．unnecessary [考查形容词作表语。句中sound是连系动词，后跟形容词作表语，结合句意可知应用necessary的否定形式unnecessary。故填unnecessary。]
9．looking [考查现在分词作状语。 句子主语you和动词look之间是主动关系，用现在分词作时间状语。故填looking。]
10．be finished [考查含情态动词的被动语态。该句含what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作主语，和谓语动词finish之间是被动关系，是含情态动词的被动语态。故填be finished。]Unit 3 Helping people
Ⅰ.重点单词
1． vt. & vi.(因失去……而)哀悼，忧伤
2．shatter vt.& vi.
3．ash n．(pl.)
4． vt.( ， )支持，维护；(尤指法庭)维持(原判)，受理(申诉)
5．framework n．
6． n．牺牲，舍弃；祭献，祭祀 vt.牺牲，献出
7．displace vt.
8． n．避难者，逃亡者，难民
9．harsh adj.
10．toll n．
11．livestock n．
12． n．绝望 vi.绝望，失去希望，丧失信心
13． n．鼓 vi.打鼓，击鼓
14． vi.& vt.透不过气，气喘吁吁地说；喘气，喘息，倒抽气 n．深吸气，喘息，倒抽气
15．tyre (AmE tire) n．
16． vi.仔细看，端详 n．身份(或地位)相同的人，同龄人，同辈
17．stumble vi.
18．ramp n．
19．deploy vt.
20． vi.& vt.( ， )迅速离开，(尤指害怕有危险而)逃避，逃跑
21．solitary adj.
22．lean vi.( ， )前俯(或后仰)，倾斜；倚靠，靠在vt.使斜靠
23．soak vt.& vi.
24．famine n．
25． adj.完全的，十足的，彻底的→utterly adv.完全地；全然；彻底地
26． vt.实现；履行，执行，符合，具备；起……作用，目的是；使有成就感，使满足→fulfilment n．满足感；成就感；履行；实现；完成；满足→ adj.让人感觉有意义的；令人满足的
27．distress n．忧虑；悲伤；贫困；窘迫；(船、飞机等)遇难，遇险 vt.使忧虑；使悲伤；使苦恼→ adj.使人痛苦的，令人苦恼的→ adj.烦恼的；忧虑的；苦恼的；痛苦的
28．prosper vi.繁荣；兴旺；成功；发达→ adj.繁荣的，成功的，兴旺的→______________ n．兴旺；繁荣；成功；昌盛
29． adj.不充分的，不足的，不够的；不胜任的，缺乏信心的→adequate adj.充足的；足够的；合格的；合乎需要的→ n．适当；恰当；足够；充足
30． adj.连绵的，持续的，反复出现的；执着的，不屈不挠的，坚持不懈的→persistence n．坚持不懈；坚持；锲而不舍；持续存在；维持
31．furious adj.狂怒的；暴怒的；激烈的；猛烈的；高速的；盛怒的→ adv.愤怒地，狂怒地，暴怒地；激烈地，猛烈地
32． adj.瘫痪的→paralys(z)e vt.使瘫痪；使麻痹；使不能正常工作
Ⅱ.核心短语
1． 把……付诸行动
2．take its toll on
3． 成为一片废墟
4． 有史以来
5． 有权进入；有权访问
6． 不遗余力地做……
7． 情不自禁地做……
Ⅲ.经典句型
1．it作形式主语，that引导主语从句
It is the belief of the UN _______________________ and the single best investment countries can make to build prosperous，healthy and fair societies.
联合国认为，教育是每个社会最基本的组成部分，也是各国为建设繁荣、健康和公平的社会所能作出的最佳投资。
2．对谓语动词的强调；find＋宾语＋宾补
To conclude，I you this brief insight into the work of the UN .
最后，我真心希望你们觉得这篇对联合国工作的简短见解是鼓舞人心的。
3．as引导的原因状语从句
This also takes its toll on people， .
这也给人们带来了损失，因为这对羊奶和羊肉的质量产生了负面影响。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024·山西太原三模)
Walking into the on-campus barbershop CutzbyOzzy，the student customers will be greeted by Alexander Garcia with clippers in hand，a barber chair，a full professional clipping set，and customers chatting about the latest DJ set in the background.
Garcia started cutting hair during his junior year of high school.He spent his time learning from barber videos about different hairstyles.That learning took trial and error，and he spent his time practicing on his younger cousin，but he never intended it to be a business.
He came into college as an Electrical and Computer Engineering major and spent his time in the students’ associations，working as a part-time DJ.His journey of cutting hair on campus began in the second year，with mainly roommates and close friends coming in for a cut and a chat，but his hobby fully developed into CutzbyOzzy earlier this year.Barbers in the city are expensive，he noticed，especially for college students，which pushed him to expand his hobby to a private business.
Garcia is busy，with appointments made usually a week in advance.Customers can pay $18 for a full haircut and $5 for a line-up.His business grows mostly through the word-of-mouth of his customers，who are mainly first-years.“Seeing that most of the customers are freshmen，I like to give them advice，try to explain my own experience and promote student organizations because I feel that enhances my experience，” he said.“I lead them through things I encounter on the way—internships(实习)，scholarships，job opportunities，and questions.”
To Garcia，it’s about creating the feel of walking into an actual barbershop；it’s about offering instructions and friendship to his customers.He’s found over time that these students start breaking out of their shells and coming to him with their problems.
“I can just never stay put，” he said.“I always like to try different things in different fields.Apart from being an engineer，the barbershop is truly my life.”
1．What inspired Garcia to start his barbershop business
A．His hobby as a part-time DJ.
B．The real demand from his friends.
C．The high cost of haircut in the city.
D．His barbering experience in high school.
2．What helps Garcia’s business grow
A．Discounts for the freshmen.
B．Recommendation by customers.
C．Advertisements via social media.
D．Partnership with local barbershops.
3．How does Garcia distinguish from other barbers in the city
A．He keeps his barbershop better-equipped.
B．He provides a wider selection of hairstyles.
C．He shares more practical guidance for students.
D．He introduces more job opportunities to graduates.
4．Which of the following can best describe Garcia
A．Ambitious and adventurous.
B．Multitalented and supportive.
C．Knowledgeable and intelligent.
D．Business-minded and fame-seeking.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·浙江杭州模拟预测)
Gang(团伙) tensions were rising at Southwood High School.Some community activists held a(n) 1 meeting with parents and the principal.A group of the fathers 2 decided it was time to make their 3 known on campus.
That’s how Dads on Duty was born with its goal—make sure the kids are 4 .Around 40 men organized into six-person shifts，with two shifts on campus every day.They 5 the day after the meeting.These people 6 their own schedules without complaint.Some of them are fathers of kids at the school，while others are not but expect the youth in their community to know they have a(n) 7 village behind them.
Now，anyone who wants to enter the school with 8 will have to avoid energetic papa bears，big smiles and many dad jokes.It’s hard to be a tough guy when somebody’s uncle has just 9 you into checking your shoelaces for countless times，only to find that they are not，in fact，untied.
Since Dads on Duty arrived on campus，gang battles have 10 declined.“The school has been 11 ，you can feel it，” said one student.Another told The Washington Post，“They 12 all the kids like we’re their own children.”
The dads aren’t meant to 13 security guards.If they do see a(n) 14 may occur，they get security on the scene as soon as possible.Their presence is meant to be more 15 than reactionary.
1．A.response B．preparation
C．emergency D．schedule
2．A.on duty B．in attendance
C．at work D．under guard
3．A.voice B．status
C．effort D．presence
4．A.safe B．hard-working
C．healthy D．equal
5．A.practiced B．started
C．gathered D．prepared
6．A.check B．maintain
C．sacrifice D．arrange
7．A.large B．wild
C．entire D．local
8．A.confusion B．anger
C．fright D．shock
9．A.tricked B．persuaded
C．forced D．scared
10．A.never B．unexpectedly
C．further D．dramatically
11．A.happy B．curious
C．cautious D．innovative
12．A.yell at B．interact with
C．make fun of D．look up to
13．A.change B．post
C．replace D．criticize
14．A.debate B．theft
C．fight D．instance
15．A.practical B．extraordinary
C．temporary D．preventive
Ⅲ.语法填空
As is known to all，we 1. (human) are social by nature.The connections we build with others 2. (be) critical to social，emotional，and physical health.Knowing how to maintain interpersonal relationships can help you build a support system 3.______________________ provides strength as you cope with life’s challenges.
Interpersonal relationships need openness.4. (maintain) strong bonds with others，there needs to be a mutual give-and-take 5. it comes to sharing information with one another.It is through this mutual sharing that you get to know each other.This process,6. (know) as self-disclosure，strengthens bonds and deepens intimacy between people.Consider how you might feel if someone you care about doesn’t share important information with you about things that are happening in their life.You might be left 7._________________(feel) that they don’t trust you or that they don’t consider you as a close friend.
Being open doesn’t 8. (necessary) mean you should give others unlimited access to your thoughts，feelings，or time.Healthy boundaries are also 9._______________________ vital foundation of any strong relationship.It’s important that others respect your boundaries，but it is just as important for you to respect 10.____________________(they)．Respecting these boundaries shows that you care about each other’s values，goals，emotions，and needs.
答案精析
基础知识盘点
Ⅰ.1.mourn 2.(使)破碎，破裂；(使感情、希望或信念等)粉碎，破灭，被粉碎，被破坏 3.灰烬，废墟；灰
4．uphold upheld upheld 5.(体系的)结构，机制；信念，观点，准则；(建筑物或物体的)构架，框架，结构 6.sacrifice 7.迫使(某人)离开家园；取代；移动，转移；撤职，免职 8.refugee 9.(天气或生活环境)恶劣的，艰苦的；残酷的，严酷的，严厉的 10.(道路、桥梁的)通行费；毁坏，伤亡人数；钟声 11.牲畜，家畜 12.despair 13.drum 14.gasp 15.轮胎 16.peer 17.(不顺畅地)说，读，演奏；绊脚；跌跌撞撞地走，蹒跚而行 18.斜坡，坡道；支路，匝道；活动梯，活动坡道 19.部署，调度(军队或武器)；有效地利用，调动 20.flee fled fled
21．单个的，孤单的，孤零零的；独自的，单独的；喜欢(或惯于)独处的；唯一的，仅有的 22.leaned/leant leaned/leant 23.使湿透，把……浸湿；浸泡，浸湿，浸透，湿透 24.饥荒 25.utter 26.fulfil/fulfill fulfilling 27.distressing distressed 28.prosperous prosperity 29.inadequate adequacy 30.persistent
31．furiously 32.paralysed/paralyzed
Ⅱ.1.put...into action 2.产生恶果，造成重大损失(或伤亡、灾难等) 3.lie in ruins 4.of all time 5.have access to 6.spare no effort to do... 7.couldn’t help but do...
Ⅲ.1.that education is the most basic building block of every society 2.do hope have found both inspiring and stimulating 3.as the quality of goat milk and meat may be negatively impacted
能力提升精练
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了Alexander Garcia在大学校园内开理发店，为学生理发，同时还为他们提供实习、奖学金、工作机会等方面的建议。
1．C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Barbers in the city are expensive，he noticed，especially for college students，which pushed him to expand his hobby to a private business.”可知，本市高昂的理发费用促使Garcia自己开理发店。故选C。]
2．B [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“His business grows mostly through the word-of-mouth of his customers，who are mainly first-years.”可知，顾客的推荐帮助Garcia的生意发展起来。故选B。]
3．C [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“To Garcia，it’s about creating the feel of walking into an actual barbershop；it’s about offering instructions and friendship to his customers.”可知，Garcia与其他理发师的区别在于他为学生们提供了更多实用的指导。故选C。]
4．B [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“He came into college as an Electrical and Computer Engineering major and spent his time in the students’ associations，working as a part-time DJ.”以及第四段中的“I like to give them advice，try to explain my own experience and promote student organizations...”可知，Garcia不仅多才多艺，还乐于助人。故选B。]
Ⅱ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。本篇讲了在美国的校园里，有一队值班的父亲，号称值班父亲团，他们的出席和在场让校园的帮派现象减少，同时保证孩子们的支持，也为孩子们提供了情感援助。
1．C [response反应；preparation准备；emergency紧急情况；schedule时刻表。根据前文“Gang(团伙) tensions were rising at Southwood High School.”可知，因为帮派现象愈演愈烈，所以一些社区活跃分子和家长以及校长举行了紧急会议。故选C。]
2．B [on duty值班；in attendance出席；at work起作用；under guard在……看守之下。根据前文“Some community activists held a(n) ________ meeting with parents and the principal.”可知，会议中会有学生们的父亲出席。故选B。]
3．D [voice呼声；status状态；effort努力；presence存在。根据后文“known on campus”并结合选项以及前文内容可知，应是让人们知道父亲们的存在。故选D。]
4．A [safe安全的；hard-working工作努力的；healthy健康的；equal相等的。根据前文“Some community activists held a(n) ________ meeting with parents and the principal.”可知，开会是为了保护孩子们的安全。故选A。]
5．B [practice练习；start开始；gather聚集；prepare做准备。根据前文“Around 40 men organized into six-person shifts，with two shifts on campus every day.”可知，父亲们做好分工之后就开始工作。故选B。]
6．C [check检查；maintain保持；sacrifice牺牲；arrange安排。根据后文“without complaint”可知，他们毫无怨言地牺牲了自己的时间。故选C。]
7．C [large大的；wild野生的；entire整个的；local本地的。根据前文“expect the youth in their community to know”以及后文“village behind them”并结合选项可知，应是“整个村庄的支持”符合语境。故选C。]
8．B [confusion困惑；anger愤怒；fright恐惧；shock震惊。根据后文“will have to avoid energetic papa bears，big smiles and many dad jokes”并结合选项可知，带着愤怒进学校的人需要避开父亲们的笑容和玩笑。故选B。]
9．A [trick欺骗；persuade说服；force强迫；scare惊吓。根据后文“checking your shoelaces for countless times，only to find that they are not，in fact，untied”可知，检查你的鞋带，却发现它们实际上并没有解开，所以应是欺骗你检查。故选A。]
10．D [never从不；unexpectedly意外地；further进一步；dramatically显著地。根据前文“Since Dads on Duty arrived on campus”可知，自从值班父亲团进入校园，帮派斗争显著减少了。故选D。]
11．A [happy快乐的；curious好奇的；cautious小心的；innovative创新的。根据前文“It’s hard to be a tough guy...in fact，untied.”可知，父亲们喜欢和学生开玩笑，所以学校充满了快乐。故选A。]
12．B [yell at对……大喊大叫；interact with与……互动；make fun of嘲弄；look up to敬仰。根据前文“It’s hard to be a tough guy when somebody’s uncle has just ________ you into checking your shoelaces for countless times，only to find that they are not，in fact，untied.”可知，父亲们和学生互动，让学生们感觉很亲切。故选B。]
13．C [change改变；post发布；replace替换；criticize批评。根据后文“they get security on the scene as soon as possible”可知，父亲们会呼叫保安，所以不是来代替保安的。故选C。]
14．C [debate辩论；theft盗窃；fight打架；instance例子。根据后文“they get security on the scene as soon as possible”并结合选项可知，父亲们看到打斗可能发生才会呼叫保安。故选C。]
15．D [practical实际的；extraordinary异乎寻常的；temporary临时的；preventive预防性的。根据前文“If they do see a(n) ________ may occur，they get security on the scene as soon as possible.”可知，父亲们看到可能发生打斗就会通知保安，所以是预防性的。故选D。]
Ⅲ.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了良好的人际关系的重要性以及坦率和保持适当的界限有助于维持良好的人际关系。
1．humans [考查名词复数。根据空处在句中作we的同位语以及空后的be动词are可知，空处应为复数。故填humans。]
2．are [考查时态及主谓一致。分析句子可知，本句陈述客观事实，应为一般现在时，主语为The connections，be动词为复数。故填are。]
3．that/which [考查定语从句。分析句子可知，本空为定语从句的关系词，先行词为a support system，定语从句中少主语。故填that/which。]
4．To maintain [考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本空为非谓语，根据句意，应为不定式表目的。空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填To maintain。]
5．when [考查连词。when it comes to 为固定短语，意为“就……而言；当提到……时”。故填when。]
6．known [考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本空为非谓语作定语，know与所修饰的名词短语this process之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填known。]
7．feeling [考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本空为非谓语作补足语，是leave sb doing sth结构的被动式，leave在此是使役动词，意为“使处于某种状态”，feel与逻辑主语you之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填feeling。]
8．necessarily [考查副词。修饰后面的动词mean应用副词，另外，“not necessarily”也是固定短语，意为“未必”。故填necessarily。]
9．a [考查冠词。foundation意为“基础”，为可数名词，根据句意可知本空表泛指，且vital发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。]
10．theirs [考查代词。分析句子可知，本空为宾语，与上文的your boundaries为并列关系，应用名词性物主代词。故填theirs。]Ⅰ.重点单词
1．probe n.
2．marine adj.
3．twilight n． adj.
4．filter n． vt.
5． vt.俘获，捕获；用武力夺取，攻取；夺得，赢得 n．(被)捕获，(被)俘获
6． n．伴侣；伙伴 vi.交配
7． n．液体，流体 adj.流畅优美的；易变的，不稳定的；流动的
8． vt.等候，等待；将发生在，将降临到(某人头上)
9． n．跳跃；激增 vt.& vi.( ， ) 跳跃；猛涨；猛冲，突然做(某事)
10． vi.& vt.( ， ) (使)快速旋转；(使)急转身；纺(线) n．高速旋转
11． vt.& vi.砸开，砸碎；破裂，裂开；猛击；(使)发出爆裂声 n．裂纹，裂缝；爆裂声
12． vi.茁壮成长，蓬勃发展
13．form n．形状；表格；形式 vt.(使)组成；形成；构成→ n．组成物；组成；编队，队形
14． vi.& vt.进化；逐渐演变→evolution n．进化；演变；发展
15．sole adj.唯一的；仅有的 n．鞋底→ adv.仅，只，唯，单独地
16．reproduce v．复制；再现；繁殖；再生产→ n．生殖，繁殖；复制品；录制
17． adj.缺乏的，稀少的→scarcely adv.勉强；几乎不；刚一……就……
18． vt.(用砖石)铺(地)→ n．人行道；石板铺的地面；路面
19．rotate v．(使)旋转；(人员)轮换，轮值→ n．旋转；一圈；轮换，交替
20． vt.& vi.(使)改变，更改；修改→alteration n．改变；变化；改动
21． n．矿井，矿→miner n．矿工
22．enlighten v．启发；开导；阐明→ adj.让人受启发的→ n．启发；启蒙运动
Ⅱ.核心短语
1． 在同样程度上
2． 为……铺平道路，创造条件
3． 积存；放下，停止使用
4．as yet
5．close up
Ⅲ.经典句型
1．It is＋adj.＋that...
many creatures can live in this extreme environment.
令人惊奇的是，许多生物可以生活在这种极端的环境中。
2．so...that...如此……以至于……
Also，some fish have both male and female organs to increase the chances of reproduction，as fish are it can be difficult for them to find a mate.
此外，一些鱼类同时拥有雄性和雌性器官，以增加繁殖的可能性，因为在这样的深度，鱼如此稀少，以至于找配偶对它们来说很难。
3．动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式
that life can exist in these extreme conditions ________________ scientific opinion about the chances of there being life elsewhere in the universe.
认识到生命可以在这些极端条件下生存，改变了关于宇宙中其他地方有多大概率存在生命的科学观点。
4．完全倒装
Of the many strange geological formations to be found here which cross the Trench，some reaching a height of 2,500 metres above the Challenger Deep.
在这里发现的许多奇怪的地质构造中有横穿海沟的石桥，有些高度达到“挑战者深渊”上方2 500米。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·山东菏泽模拟预测)
The Arctic(北极) is heating up at a breakneck speed compared with the rest of Earth.And new analyses show that the region is warming even faster than scientists thought.Over the last four decades，the average Arctic temperature increased nearly four times as fast as the global average，researchers report in Communications Earth & Environment.
And that’s just on average.Some parts of the Arctic Ocean，such as the Barents Sea between Russia and Norway’s Svalbard Archipelago，are warming as much as seven times as fast，meteorologist Mika Rantanen of the Finnish Meteorological Institute in Helsinki and colleagues found.Previous studies have tended to say that the Arctic’s average temperature is increasing two to three times as fast as elsewhere，as humans continue causing the climate to change.
To calculate the true pace of the accelerated warming，a phenomenon called Arctic amplification(放大)，the researchers analyzed observational data from 1979 to 2021.Globally，the average temperature increasing over that time was about 0.2℃ per decade.But the Arctic was warming by about 0.75℃ per decade.
“Even the best climate models are not doing a great job of reproducing that warming，” Rantanen said.The inability of the models to realistically simulate past Arctic amplification calls into question how well the models can project future changes there.
It’s not clear where the problem lies.One issue may be that the models are struggling with correctly reproducing the sensitivity of Arctic temperatures to the loss of sea ice.Disappearing snow and ice，particularly sea ice，is one big reason why the Arctic is warming at this speed.The bright white snow and ice create a reflective barrier that bounces incoming radiation from the sun back into space.But open ocean waters or bare rocks absorb that heat，raising the temperature.
1．Which of the following can best describe the Arctic temperature
A．It has come to its peak.
B．It has stopped increasing.
C．It is becoming as high as the global average.
D．It is increasing faster than other regions.
2．How did the researchers find out the true speed of Arctic warming
A．By referring to a theory.
B．By concluding different views.
C．By analyzing previous data.
D．By monitoring the temperature change.
3．What can we know from the last two paragraphs
A．The climate models are out of date.
B．Snow and ice absorb more heat than sea water.
C．It’s hard for the climate models to correctly predict the future Arctic temperature.
D．It’s clear how Arctic temperatures reacted to the loss of sea ice.
4．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A research paper.
B．A travel brochure.
C．A geography textbook.
D．A computer magazine.
Ⅱ.完形填空
In 2013，my husband Robin took a new job in Ghana.We relocated from London，where I worked as a photographer，to the capital，Accra.Robin worked，but my visa didn’t permit me to，and I was left homesick and lacking 1 .With few people around，I turned to 2 .I photographed horses and considered the outdoors the place where I felt most 3 .
In September 2018，after one bad thunderstorm，I found a bird，barely a month old，on the ground.He was 4 by his flock(群)．His eyes were shut，too young to 5 alone.I placed him in a cardboard box and stayed up all night，researching how to 6 him.I spoke to an expert who said it would take 12 weeks to prepare him for the 7 .
For the next 84 days，the 8 bird lived on me.He would fly alongside me.As he learned to fly，he’d make short 9 from my hand，to my shoulder，and then settled on my hair.I 10 named him because I had to 11 myself that he needed to return to the wild.In return for putting his life back on course，he 12 me by giving me purpose.Three months later，he was 13 enough and flying farther from me.It was time for him to go.Then on a clear day when his flock returned，Robin and I took him out and the little bird flew away with them.
14 him taught me how to live in the present.Last year，I joined local conservation efforts.That，along with the 15 that any little creature can make a difference，is what he left me.
1．A.purpose B．interest
C．experience D．confidence
2．A.family B．sports
C．nature D．school
3．A.grateful B．alive
C．stressed D．scared
4．A.envied B．controlled
C．recognized D．abandoned
5．A.survive B．fight
C．escape D．play
6．A.go with B．care for
C．focus on D．speak about
7．A.travel B．stay
C．wild D．change
8．A.rare B．lazy
C．proud D．tiny
9．A.noises B．dances
C．flights D．stops
10．A.kindly B．cheerfully
C．once D．never
11．A.remind B．promise
C．cheat D．motivate
12．A.attracted B．honored
C．shocked D．rewarded
13．A.high B．strong
C．smart D．calm
14．A.Raising B．Tolerating
C．Evaluating D．Amusing
15．A.secret B．message
C．news D．lesson
Ⅲ.语法填空
Seated by the Tonghui River that runs across southern Beijing，Banbidian village 1.______________(take) on a quite different look of quietness and is visited by few people.But 2.______________(actual) it is not far—about 15 minutes’ drive from the capital city’s central business district 3. high-rises are built everywhere.
A major reason is that Banbidian used to have factories which 4._____________(remove) later，leaving empty workshops and compounds，and also the village is where several railways run through.
Now，people in the village and from art universities are working together 5._____________(bring) dynamism back to Banbidian.The latest effort is Art BBD—Tonghui Riverside Public Art Season.
In cooperation with famous art schools in and outside Beijing，the village committee recently sent out an 6. (invite) to artists around the world,7. (hope) that they could contribute their creativity to enriching Banbidian’s new landscapes.Submissions—works and public art plans—began 8. March 20 and lasted till April 15，and finalists joined other works at several outdoor spots.
Art BBD was a cultural brand jointly 9. (launch) by Banbidian and the Central Academy of Fine Arts in 2019 to explore projects and activities that help to turn the village into 10. new destination of creativity.
答案精析
基础知识盘点
Ⅰ.1.(不载人)空间探测器；探究；探测仪 2.海的，海产的；海船的，海上贸易的 3.暮色，黄昏；没落时期，衰退期
朦胧的，模糊的 4.过滤器；滤光器；筛选(过滤)程序 过滤；(用程序)筛选 5.capture 6.mate 7.fluid
8．await 9.leap leapt leapt 10.spin spun spun
11．crack 12.thrive 13.formation 14.evolve
15．solely 16.reproduction 17.scarce 18.pave pavement 19.rotation 20.alter 21.mine 22.enlightening enlightenment
Ⅱ.1.in equal measure 2.pave the way for 3.lay down 4.直到现在 5.(使)变狭窄；(使)靠拢，靠紧；(尤指临时)关门停业
Ⅲ.1.It is then surprising that 2.so scarce at these depths that 3.Knowing has changed 4.are rock bridges
能力提升精练
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了北极地区气候飞速变暖的现象，并探讨了造成这种现象的原因。
1．D [细节理解题。根据第一段中“Over the last four decades，the average Arctic temperature increased nearly four times as fast as the global average...”可知，北极的温度的增长速度比其他地区快。故选D。]
2．C [细节理解题。根据第三段中“To calculate the true pace...analyzed observational data from 1979 to 2021.”可知，研究人员通过分析以前的数据来查明北极变暖的真实速度。故选C。]
3．C [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“‘Even the best climate models are not doing a great job of reproducing that warming，’...project future changes there.”可知，气候模型很难正确预测未来北极的温度。故选C。]
4．A [文章出处题。通读全文尤其根据第一段可知，本文说明了北极地区的气候变化及其原因，是科研性质的主题，因此最可能出自一篇研究论文。故选A。]
Ⅱ.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在加纳偶遇一只离群的鸟并照顾它，让它的生活回归正轨，同时这只鸟也给了作者人生的目标。
1．A [根据该句中的“but my visa didn’t permit me to，and I was left homesick”并结合第三段中的“giving me purpose”可推知，作者的签证不允许她工作，她很想家，没有目标。故选A。]
2．C [根据下文“I photographed horses and considered the outdoors the place where I felt most ________.”可知，此处为由于周围人很少，作者转向了大自然。故选C。]
3．B [根据上文提到的周围人很少以及该句中的“I photographed horses”可推知，此处为作者给马拍照，认为户外是她最有活力的地方。故选B。]
4．D [根据上文“I found a bird，barely a month old，on the ground”以及下文“His eyes were shut，too young to________ alone.”可推知，此处为他被他的鸟群抛弃了。故选D。]
5．A [根据句意以及下文“I placed him in a cardboard box...”可推知，此处为他太幼小，无法独自生存。故选A。]
6．B [根据上文提到的小鸟太幼小而无法独自生存以及该句中的“I placed him in a cardboard box and stayed up all night”可推知，此处为作者把他放在一个纸板箱里，整晚没睡，研究如何照顾他。故选B。]
7．C [根据句意以及下文“because I had to ________ myself that he needed to return to the wild”可知，此处为他需要12周的时间来为野外生活做准备。故选C。]
8．D [根据上文提到的“a bird，barely a month old”以及“too young to ________ alone”可知，此处指这只“小”鸟。故选D。]
9．C [根据该句中的“As he learned to fly”可知，此处为“当他学习飞行时，他会从我的手上飞到我的肩膀上，然后停在我的头发上”。故选C。]
10．D [根据句意以及该句中的“that he needed to return to the wild”可推知，此处为“我从来没有给他起过名字，因为我必须提醒自己，他需要回到野外”。故选D。]
11．A [参考上题解析。故选A。]
12．D [根据该句中的“In return for putting his life back on course”以及“giving me purpose”可推知，此处为“作为我让他的生活重回正轨的回报，他给了我人生的目标”。故选D。]
13．B [根据句意以及该句中的“and flying farther from me”可推知，此处为“三个月后，他足够强壮，飞得离我更远了”。故选B。]
14．A [根据上文“For the next 84 days，the ________ bird lived on me.”可知，此处指作者养这只小鸟的经历。故选A。]
15．D [根据上文提到的抚养小鸟教会了作者如何活在当下以及上文“Last year，I joined local conservation efforts.”可推知，此处为“这一点，以及任何小生物都可以改变世界的道理，就是他留给我的”。故选D。]
Ⅲ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了坐落在贯穿北京南部的通惠河边的半壁店村的创新发展。
1．takes [考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据句意及空后并列的谓语部分is visited可知，此处用一般现在时，又因为主语是Banbidian village，故用所给动词的第三人称单数形式。故填takes。]
2．actually [考查副词。此处用所给形容词的副词形式修饰整个句子，作状语。故填actually。]
3．where [考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是district，表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。]
4．were removed [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据主句的谓语部分used to及时间状语later可知，此处用一般过去时，又因为主语factories与动词remove之间是被动关系，故此处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，故填were removed。]
5．to bring [考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to bring。]
6．invitation [考查名词。根据空前的冠词an可知，此处用所给动词的名词形式invitation，作动词短语sent out的宾语。故填invitation。]
7．hoping [考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，此处用非谓语动词，动词hope与其逻辑主语the village committee之间存在主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。故填hoping。]
8．on [考查介词。此处指在具体的某一天，故填on。]
9．launched [考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，此处用非谓语动词，动词launch与其逻辑主语a cultural brand之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填launched。]
10．a [考查冠词。此处表泛指，又因为new的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。]
