2026年高考英语一轮复习 说明文阅读理解（含答案与解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高考英语一轮复习 说明文阅读理解
一．阅读理解（共20小题）
1．（2025 济南三模） Scientists have revealed much of the basics about earthquakes：tectonic plates （构造板块） move，causing strain energy （应变能） to build up，and that energy eventually releases in the form of an earthquake.However，forecasting earthquakes remains a significant challenge，which was evidenced by the 2011 great Tohoku earthquake.In addition to causing a tsunami that led to the Fukushima nuclear disaster，it resulted in more than 18，000 deaths.
In recent years，researchers have been trying to figure out a possible relation between the sun and earthquakes.Based on a previous study that connected solar activity with earthquakes，a study conducted by researchers from the University of Tsukuba （UT） cast light on this possibility，confirming that sunspot numbers had some influence on earthquakes and Earth's climate，as affected by solar heat，played a role.
"Solar heat drives atmospheric temperature changes，which in turn can affect things like rock properties and underground water movement，" said Junqueira Saldanha，leader of the research team. "Such changes can make rocks tend to break apart.For example，the changes in rainfall and snowmelt can affect the pressure on tectonic plate boundaries.While these factors may not be the main drivers of earthquakes，they could still be playing a role that can help to predict earthquakes."
Among other findings，the researchers used mathematical and computational methods to analyze earthquake data alongside solar activity records and surface temperatures on Earth.They observed that when they included Earth surface temperatures into their model，the forecasting became more accurate，especially for shallow earthquakes. "That makes sense，since heat and water mostly affect the upper layers of the Earth's crust （地壳），" said Saldanha.
The findings suggest the transfer of solar heat to the surface of the Earth does affect earthquakes，however minutely，and that incorporating solar activity predictions into detailed Earth temperature models may help issue earthquake forecasts. "It's an exciting direction，and we hope our study can decipher the bigger picture of what causes earthquakes，" said Saldanha.
（1）Why did the author mention Tohoku earthquake in Paragraph 1？　 　
A.To demonstrate the movement of tectonic plates.
B.To illustrate the difficulty in earthquake forecast.
C.To reveal the heavy losses caused by earthquakes.
D.To stress the necessity of weakening strain energy.
（2）What does the study by UT mainly focus on？　 　
A.The climate change caused by earthquakes.
B.The impact of solar activity on atmosphere.
C.The reasons for increased sunspot numbers.
D.The link between sunspots and earthquakes.
（3）Which of the following would Saldanha agree？　 　
A.Solar heat decides earthquake frequency.
B.Tectonic plate pressure grows constantly.
C.Earthquakes occur in the crust's upper layer.
D.Solar activity data helps predict earthquakes.
（4）What does the underlined word "decipher" in the last paragraph mean？　 　
A.Reveal.
B.Distinguish.
C.Expand.
D.Assess.
2．（2025 石家庄三模） Have you ever had something good happen to you and felt like shouting it from the rooftops？Sharing positive events with others and receiving an enthusiastic response in return has been tied to many good outcomes，including closer relationships and greater happiness.Now，a new study suggests another benefit of sharing the good stuff：more feelings of gratitude.
The researchers started by asking 300 participants how often they tended to share good news，and how other people in their lives generally responded to their good news.Then，six times a day for 10 days，the researchers asked participants to report on how grateful they were in the moment，how recently they'd had a social encounter，whether they'd shared good news with that person，and how close they felt to the person as a result.
Afterward，the researchers analyzed the results to look for patterns.They found those who shared positive events with others felt more grateful in the moment and closer to the person with whom they shared the news.In addition，people with a tendency to share good news and receive enthusiastic responses were the most grateful in the group，overall.
Sharing good news calls attention to the good things happening in your life，says Alexandra Gray，study coauthor of Northeastern University.For example，you might tell a friend what a great time you had over the holidays，and in recounting what happened，you can re﹣experience the positive feelings and become even more appreciative.
Getting an enthusiastic response to your good news is also important，says Gray，because it makes you feel recognized，and cared for in a way that strengthens your relationship，and also leads to gratitude.
Though there's still more research to be done，Gray suggests people not hold back on sharing their good news with others，or on showing enthusiasm when others share good news with them.We all have a role to play in helping positivity spread.
（1）How did the researchers conduct the study？ 　 　
A.By analyzing participants' daily reports.
B.By observing participants' social encounters.
C.By studying participants' attitudes to sharing.
D.By tracking participants' interactive behavior.
（2）What does the underlined word"recounting"probably mean in paragraph 4？ 　 　
A.Repeating.
B.Analyzing.
C.Inquiring.
D.Recalling.
（3）What can we infer about positive responses to shared good news？ 　 　
A.They boost the sharer's self﹣awareness.
B.They serve to confirm the listener's opinions.
C.They are more influential if given by friends.
D.They make people more connected with others.
（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the text？ 　 　
A.To discuss the key to strong friendships.
B.To encourage people to share good news.
C.To compare ways people react to good news.
D.To analyze how gratitude improves happiness.
3．（2025 湖北模拟） Do you see your unconscious （无意识） as a sort of black box full of fears and desires working to weaken you？A century after Freud first advanced such ideas，modern psychology tells a different story.Far from being a harmful force，the unconscious handles essential tasks —and often runs the show.
"The vast majority of thoughts circling in our brains happen below the radar of conscious awareness：" says neuroscientist Michael Shadlen at Columbia University.While we assume it demands conscious effort，much occurs unconsciously.That is why studies reveal that breaks and sleep enhance memory consolidation（巩固）.Pausing after studying —while avoiding related thoughts —helps the brain solidify new information.Sleep supercharges this process，but timing matters.Christoph Nissen，then at the University of Bern，found teenagers remember facts better when learning mid﹣afternoon but master motor skills faster with evening practice.Adults over 60，however，often learn best in the morning.
The powers of your unconscious mind may stretch to boasting your creativity，too.Everyone is familiar with "aha" moments，when the solution to a problem suddenly pops into conscious awareness as if from nowhere.In 2017，Shadlen and colleagues linked "aha" moments to unconscious information thresholds that vary by task.However，some people seem better at achieving it than others.What's their secret？Studies suggest variously that creative insight is driven by one of two very different states of mind：concentrated focus and daydreaming.Stimulated by the contradiction here，Jonathan Schooler at UC Santa Barbara found that daydreaming —not constant focus —cultivates creativity.His advice？Avoid common thoughts and engage with playful questions.
Emotions play a role too.Positive music，like Vivaldi's Spring，may promote creativity by releasing dopamine （多巴胺）.Meanwhile，mixed emotions —frustration paired with excitement —signal novelty，preparing the brain for unconventional connections.
Freud's unconscious was a dark puzzle，but today's science reveals it as a partner.By embracing rest，mental wandering，and emotional curiosity，we tap （发掘） its hidden power to learn，create，and become better.
（1）What is modern psychology's view on the unconscious？ 　 　
A.It dominates mental processes.
B.It is a dangerous force with fears.
C.It requires strict conscious control.
D.It only influences daily behaviours.
（2）What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about？ 　 　
A.The importance of sleep for memory strengthening.
B.The various factors which influence learning outcomes.
C.The role of unconscious processes in effective learning.
D.Reasons why teenagers should master motor skill training.
（3）What do we learn about "aha" moments？ 　 　
A.They are related to the unconscious mind.
B.They cause intense focus and daydreaming.
C.They depend entirely on the external factors.
D.They are mainly caused by positive emotions.
（4）Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text？ 　 　
A.The Conscious Mind：Master of Human Behavior
B.Freud's Theory：The Dark Side of the Unconscious
C.Beyond Freud：The Unconscious as an Ideal Partner
D.Memory and Decision﹣Making：A Psychological Study
4．（2025 广州模拟） At the Paris 2024 Olympics，sport climbing featured two medal events for men and women：Speed and a combined Boulder & Lead event.Behind the scenes，there is a crucial but often unseen figure﹣Martin Hammerer，head of the experienced team responsible for the Lead routes，who has been setting routes internationally since 2007.
"The actual design took place at the climbing wall.The International Federation of Sport Climbing（lFSC） pre﹣selected the material，which we then used to set the routes，"Hammerer explained when asked about his work in Paris."We started with the finals﹣which was the highlight and worked backward to the semi﹣finals.After completing a route，we photographed it，removed and stored the holds for later use."
The focus for the route setters is to offer a challenging but also fair competition.Routes for the combined Boulder & Lead event were carefully designed to ensure that specialists in one discipline didn't have an unfair advantage."Our aim is to offer a balanced competition，"Hammerer said."For the podiums（领奖台），the athletes have to be really strong in both disciplines."
Routesetting relies heavily on the team's creativity.The style has changed over the past 15 years，with today's routes looser and more dynamic."The materials and structures have also changed greatly，"Hammerer said."Every season we adapt to the athletes anew."
Routesetting used to be quite independent and greatly influenced climbing style."But now，federations set training routes for athletes.When we see this on social media，we get new input for our work，"Hammerer reflected.
As Hammerer once said，"Climbers evolve，and so must we."He continues to shape the future of climbing﹣one route，one challenge，one story at a time.
（1）What does Hammerer do？ 　 　
A.He competes in sport climbing events.
B.He coaches athletes for the Olympics.
C.He designs routes for sport climbing.
D.He judges climbing competitions.
（2）What is paragraph 2 mainly about？ 　 　
A.The materials used for route setting.
B.The process of setting climbing routes.
C.The criteria for routes of varied levels.
D.The location selected for route setting.
（3）How did Hammerer's team achieve their aim？ 　 　
A.By balancing innovation and adaptation.
B.By sticking to federations' training routes.
C.By promoting their concept through social media.
D.By disciplining themselves to follow strict guidelines.
（4）What message does Hammerer convey in the last paragraph？ 　 　
A.Practice makes perfect.
B.Change is the only constant.
C.Slow and steady wins the race.
D.Actions speak louder than words.
5．（2025 上虞区模拟） We all follow pretty much the same pattern with any skill we learn.We start off with an idea，get some instruction，and practice until we reach an acceptable level.
However，there is one important thing to understand：Once you have reached this satisfactory skill level，you have stopped improving.People often misunderstand this because they assume that they are bound to get better if they keep practising.
Research has shown that，generally speaking，once a person reaches that level of "acceptable" performance，the additional years of "practice" do not lead to improvement.If anything，the driver of 20 years is likely to be a bit worse than the one who has been doing it for only 5.And the reason is that these abilities which have become automatic weaken little by little in the absence of deliberate efforts to improve.So what do you need if you are not satisfied with this automated level of performance？Purposeful practice turns out to be a successful approach.
Purposeful practice has several characteristics.First of all，purposeful practice has well﹣defined，specific goals.It is all about putting a bunch of baby steps together to reach a longer﹣term goal.Passing your piano exam，for instance，is not a goal that can be effectively used for your practice.You will be more successful with a goal like this： "Play the piece without a mistake three times in a row." Otherwise，there is no way to judge whether the practice session has been a success.
Furthermore，purposeful practice involves feedback.You have to know whether you are doing something right.Without feedback，you cannot figure out what you need to improve on or how close you are to achieving your goals.
Purposeful practice also requires getting out of one's comfort zone.This is perhaps the most important part of purposeful practice.Sometimes you run into something that stops you cold.The best way to get past any barrier is to come at it from a different direction by trying something you couldn't do before.
Purposeful practice is not always successful，in all situations，but it is more effective than the usual just﹣enough method.
（1）What is the common misunderstanding people have about practice？ 　 　
A.Automated abilities require no practice.
B.Continuous practice always leads to improvement.
C.Getting instruction is more important than practice.
D.Practice is unnecessary after reaching an acceptable level.
（2）Why does the author use the example of the drivers？ 　 　
A.To explain the importance of driving experience.
B.To prove automated abilities can decline over time.
C.To argue natural talent is more important than deliberate practice.
D.To compare the effectiveness of short practice and long practice.
（3）What does purposeful practice require individuals to do？ 　 　
A.Set a general and difficult goal.
B.Rely on natural talent rather than effort.
C.Practise the same skill in the same way repeatedly.
D.Work on tasks slightly beyond their current abilities.
（4）Which of the following probably be a suitable title of the text？ 　 　
A.Not All Practice Makes Perfect.
B.The Myth of Continuous Improvement.
C.Achieve Automatic Skills Through Practice.
D.Purposeful Practice is the Key to All Questions.
6．（2025 和平区校级一模） Psychiatrists who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in child rearing（抚养）﹣older parents are more thoughtful，use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children.But raising kids takes money and energy.Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources，declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child.Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents' biggest，and often unspoken，fear.Having late﹣life children，says an economics professor，often means parents，particularly fathers，"end up retiring much later."For many，retirement becomes an unobtainable dream.
Henry Metcalf，a 54﹣year﹣old journalist，knows it takes money to raise kids.But he's also worried that his energy will give out first.Sure，he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grader，but he's learned that young at heart doesn't mean young.Lately he's been taking afternoon naps to keep up his energy."My body is aging，"says Metcalf. "You can't get away from that."
Often，older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock.Therapists who work with middle﹣aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at."They worry they'll be mistaken for grandparents，or that they'll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school，"says Joann Galst，a New York psychologist.But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one："that they won't be alive long enough to support and protect their child，"she says.
Many late﹣life parents，though，say their children came at just the right time.After marrying late and undergoing years of fertility（受孕） treatment，Marilyn Nolen and her husband.Randy，had twins."We both wanted children，"says Marilyn，who was 55 when she gave birth.The twins have given the couple what they desired for years，"a sense of family."
Kids of older dads are often smarter，happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives."The dads are older，more mature，"says Dr.Silber，""and more ready to focus on parenting."
（1）Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing？ 　 　
A.Older parents can better balance their resources against children's demands.
B.Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their children.
C.Older parents are often better prepared financially.
D.Older parents can take better care of their children.
（2）What does the author mean by the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1？ 　 　
A.They have to go on working beyond their retirement age.
B.They can't get full pension unless they work some extra years.
C.They can't obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed of.
D.They are reluctant to retire when they reach their retirement age.
（3）The author gives the example of Henry Metcalf to show that 　 　 .
A.many people are young in spirit despite their advanced age
B.taking afternoon naps is a good way to maintain energy
C.older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodies
D.older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic children
（4）What's the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joan Galst？ 　 　
A.Being laughed at by other people.
B.Being mistaken for grandparents.
C.Slowing down of their pace of life.
D.The approaching of death.
（5）What do we learn about Marilyn and Randy Nolen？ 　 　
A.They thought they were an example of successful fertility treatment.
B.Not until they had the twins did they feel they had formed a family.
C.They believed that children born of older parents would be smarter.
D.Not until they reached middle age did they think of having children.
7．（2025 广州模拟） As a psychology writer，I've come across hundreds of evidence﹣based tips for better thinking.Few have proven as useful as the ancient strategy of illeism—the practice of talking about oneself in the third person.To the modern ear，illeism can sound a little silly and we may even deride famous people who choose to talk that way.Yet recent research suggests that illeism can bring real benefits.
To understand why，we must examine how scientists measure wise reasoning.Igor Grossmann，a leading researcher in wisdom，identified qualities like humbleness，openness to others' views and adaptability.In an early study，participants voiced responses to difficulties，while psychologists rated their answers.Grossmann found these tests better predicted life satisfaction and social relationship quality than IQ tests，suggesting the studies captured unique reasoning skills.
Grossmann's later studies discovered that people's wise reasoning can depend on the context—their scores tended to be much higher when considering others' situations than their own.Grossmann called this "Solomon's Paradox" after the king famous for giving others wise advice but making poor personal decisions.The problem seems to be that when making personal choices，emotions cloud our judgment.If a friend gives me negative feedback，for example，embarrassment might make me too defensive.I might therefore ignore their opinions without considering whether they could be helpful in the long﹣term.
Could illeism solve Solomon's Paradox？The idea makes sense：switching to the third person allows us to see the bigger picture，rather than getting caught up in our own feelings.Grossmann's latest studies support this idea：participants who kept a third﹣person diary for a month showed greater wise reasoning gains than first﹣person writers.Illeism users also reported calmer responses to stressful events，suggesting a more balanced response to daily challenges.
Based on these findings，I now apply illeism to all decisions，small and big.I find that a few moments to view my problems from a third﹣person perspective helps me to see the issue more clearly.
（1）What is the focus of Grossmann's first study？ 　 　
A.How wise reasoning was assessed.
B.How psychologists rated social skills.
C.How IQ tests predicted life satisfaction.
D.How participants solved tough problems.
（2）What is "Solomon's Paradox"？ 　 　
A.An effective way to improve people's reasoning.
B.A theory on how emotions affect decision﹣making.
C.The phenomenon that one is wiser when helping others.
D.The tendency of being overconfident when advising others.
（3）Which group showed better emotional responses in Grossmann's later study？ 　 　
A.Those writing to themselves.
B.Those using third﹣person diaries.
C.Those having wise reasoning training.
D.Those experiencing stressful events.
（4）Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？ 　 　
A.The positive psychology of self﹣distancing.
B.Social benefits of illeism in decision﹣making.
C.Illeism：An ancient trick to help wise reasoning.
D.Evidence﹣based solution to Solomon's Paradox.
8．（2025 沈阳模拟） Whoever says fast food is unhealthy for the body and the environment hasn't been introduced to Sweetgreen，a chain restaurant committed to changing how we view food production，consumption and waste.
In short，Sweetgreen represents a new era of fast food﹣one that focuses on healthy ingredients（原料） and local community.It began August 1，2007 when three recent college graduates launched the flagship location in Washington D.C.Tired of having to choose between slow but healthy food options and food that was fast but unhealthy，they made a commitment to offering quality and convenient food as a better option.
Every step along the 16﹣year journey has been focused on one central principle.The company explains in its mission statement，"Our core values guide our actions and we aim to empower our customers，team members and partners to be a positive force on the food system.That's why we're building a transparent（透明的） supply network."Therefore，transparency is at the very foundation of the company.
At the top of the list of items customers can expect is fresh ingredients that are locally sourced and organic whenever possible.Even with that goal in mind，the words "organic"and "local" were recently removed from the menu in an effort to honor full transparency in instances where ingredients may have traveled further or come from a farm not officially recognized as organic.To provide localized information，Sweetgreen restaurants post a source board.Online，customers can see specials that highlight local fare，such as Lobster Roll Salad in Boston，Garlic Chili Shrimp Bowl in Houston and Citrus Shrimp and Avocado in Miami.
In order to protect the environment，Sweetgreen focuses on selecting foods that are regionally sourced and sustainably grown.The company also looks for agricultural operations that rely on regenerative farming practices that benefit the environment and Sweetgreen customers.By cooperating with local farmers who prioritize water conservation，the use of renewable energy and organic methods，etc.，Sweetgreen calculates a 50% reduction in the footprint that comes from previous suppliers.
"At Sweetgreen，we have a saying：the choices we make about what we eat，where it comes from，and how it's prepared have a direct and powerful impact on the health of individuals，communities and the environment.Today，with the future of the planet at risk，these words have never rang more true，"said the company.
（1）What problem about food did Sweetgreen aim to solve initially？　 　
A.The complex process of production.
B.The time﹣consumption of packaging.
C.The trade﹣off between quality and accessibility.
D.The high costs between transportation and sale.
（2）Why did Sweetgreen remove the words"organic"and"local"from its menu？　 　
A.To cut food sourcing expenses.
B.To promote local fresh specials.
C.To simplify the menu readability.
D.To highlight the central principle.
（3）Which word can best describe Sweetgreen？　 　
A.Conservative.
B.Conventional.
C.Innovative.
D.Invariable.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？　 　
A.Sweetgreen：Popularizing Fast﹣Food Restaurants
B.Sweetgreen：Pioneering Sustainable Food Practices
C.Sweetgreen：The New Approach to Organic Farming
D.Sweetgreen：Transparent Supply and Community Focus
9．（2025 贵阳模拟） In 2024，56﹣year﹣old Madonna returned with a new album，and the tight jaw line and smart muscle state on the red carpet set off a hot search.What is Madonna's"reverse growth password""？How did she go from postpartum（产后的） depression to red carpet queen？
Sophie Chen，her postpartum restorer and New York's top physical therapist（治疗师），revealed for the first time："Madonna receives acupuncture（针灸） twice a week，focusing on the 'triangle of facial rejuvenation（回春）'.Combined with body acupuncture to regulate endocrine（内分泌），the body fat rate decreased from 22% to 18% and the collagen（胶原蛋白） density increased by 37% within 6 months."
Madonna said in the documentary："I am not fighting against aging，but letting my body remember the feeling of being young."The wisdom of acupuncture is precisely to achieve"elegant aging"by regulating the self﹣healing of the human body.
When western technology meets eastern philosophy，this 3mm silver needle may be the key to a "healthy life."
Nowadays，acupuncture has been widely applied in more than 190 countries and regions around the world，serving as a window for the world to understand traditional Chinese medicine.In Brazil，acupuncture is highly popular among the people.In 2006，the Brazilian Ministry of Health decided to incorporate acupuncture into the Brazilian Unified Health System.Many TV hosts in Sao Paulo often use acupuncture and tuina massage to relax and regulate their bodies.
As we continue to explore the wonders of traditional Chinese medicine，acupuncture stands out as a shining example of the wisdom of our ancestors.Whether you are seeking relief from pain，looking to improve your overall well﹣being，or simply curious about alternative therapies，acupuncture is definitely worth learning more about.
（1）Why does the author use two questions in paragraph 1？ 　 　
A.To reveal Madonna's way to be red carpet queen.
B.To uncover the news of Madonna's mental depression.
C.To emphasize the importance of Madonna's returning.
D.To introduce the reasons of Madonna's reverse growth.
（2）How does acupuncture help Madonna achieve"elegant aging"？ 　 　
A.By decreasing the collagen density.
B.By regulating her body's endocrine.
C.By letting her feel the sense of youth.
D.By combining with western medicine.
（3）What is paragraph 5 mainly about？ 　 　
A.A decision of Brazilian Ministry of Health.
B.A new relaxation way of Brazilian TV hosts.
C.The wide application of acupuncture in Brazil.
D.The chance to learn traditional Chinese treatment.
（4）What is the main purpose of the passage？ 　 　
A.To promote the launch of Madonna's new album.
B.To tell the history of traditional Chinese medicine.
C.To show the benefits and popularity of acupuncture.
D.To analyze the combination of the east and the west.
10．（2025 上虞区模拟） The number of people living in urban areas has tripled（三倍） in the last 50 years.If a major natural disaster hits a city，more lives are in danger.Meanwhile，extreme weather events are becoming stronger and more frequent than ever due to climate change.How can we deal with this growing threat？
Luckily，AI is stepping up to help.Its applications in tackling various hazards are already making a difference.In October 2024，experts used AI models to accurately predict where Hurricane Milton would land.AI is also being used to warn the public more efficiently.The U.S.National Weather Service has partnered with AI translation firm Lilt to help deliver forecasts in Spanish and Chinese.This could shorten the time to translate a warning from an hour to just ten minutes.
Machine learning techniques have been applied to weather forecasting models for years.But recent advances have improved the accuracy and speed of forecasting.Traditional models，which rely on complex equations to simulate interactions between water and air in the atmosphere，require supercomputers.As a result，they can take hours to generate a single forecast.By contrast，AI weather models learn to spot patterns by training on decades of climate data.This data can be easily gathered from satellites and ground sensors and shared by governments.
However，AI models are only as good as the data they are trained on，which can be a problem in some places.Poorer regions，often at the greatest risk of climate disasters，typically have fewer weather sensors.The ones they do have are often poorly maintained，creating gaps in climate data.AI systems trained on this skewed（有偏差的） data can be less accurate and negatively affect forecasts.In addition，unlike physics﹣based models，which follow set rules，AI models become more and more complex.As they advance，these models increasingly operate as "black boxes"，where the path from input to output becomes less transparent（透明的）.
（1）What is causing the growing threats from natural disasters in cities？ 　 　
A.Outdated weather models in cities.
B.Low disaster risk awareness in cities.
C.Urban growth raises disaster risks.
D.Climate change reduces extreme weather in cities.
（2）What does paragraph 2 mainly focus on？ 　 　
A.Government efforts in disaster relief.
B.Limitations of traditional weather forecasts.
C.Economic impact of disasters on urban areas.
D.AI's role in improving disaster preparedness.
（3）How do AI forecasting models outperform traditional models？ 　 　
A.AI learns from past data to predict more quickly.
B.AI is more transparent than physics﹣based models.
C.AI relies on more supercomputers for faster results.
D.AI needs no satellite data，using only ground sensors.
（4）What is the author's overall attitude toward AI's role in disaster response？ 　 　
A.Critical of its complexity.
B.Optimistic despite challenges.
C.Uncertain of its effectiveness.
D.Skeptical due to data limitations.
11．（2025 湘西州模拟） On a warm and damp June morning，Emily Bick winds through a field of knee﹣high corn.It feels like that quiet，expectation﹣filled moment before a concert：Tech people are setting up microphones，connecting wires.The star of this particular show is the microphone itself.Research assistants are attaching it to the corn stalks，an innovation that Bick named the Insect Eavesdropper（窃听器）.
Bick，an insect scientist，researches ways to better detect the agricultural pests that drive serious economic losses worldwide.She says improving these methods could result in using pesticides more strategically﹣﹣less often，at just the right time.Corn rootworm，also known as the "billion﹣dollar bug，" feeds on corn roots，limiting the plant's nutrient supply and making stalks fall over.As a result，20% of the crop is lost to the insect every year.Worse still，climate change is bringing new challenges，such as the multiplication of insects in warmer temperatures.In our global society，experts say rapid pest detection will be critical to food production.
Bick's solution to the problem of pest detection is sound：Eavesdropping on the unique vibrations（震动）that an insect makes when chewing on a plant to identify the insect itself.The Insect Eavesdropper uses a contact microphone，an affordable device that musicians often use on instruments.A little disc sits on a solid object﹣﹣﹣like corn ﹣﹣﹣ and captures the vibrations moving through it，registering each one with an electrical signal. "When corn rootworm feeds on the roots，the vibration translates from the root system to the stalk，"Bick says. "That's where we're picking it up.We're using the plant as the musical instrument，as essentially the outside of a guitar."
Bick and her colleagues' findings aren't published yet，but as of now，their detection method is anywhere from 80% to 96% accurate.The team are still working on the data﹣processing pipeline，but hope they can get the Insect Eavesdropper on the shelf in a couple of years.Their goal is to advance pest detection —and maybe inspire people to listen to everything a little closer.
（1）What is Bick's purpose in working in the corn field？　 　
A.To prepare for a concert .
B.To arrange for a study.
C.To make the show special.
D.To innovate planting ways.
（2）Why is corn rootworm named "billion﹣dollar bug"？　 　
A.Its nutrient is rich.
B.It causes great loss.
C.Its number is limited .
D.It brings huge profits.
（3）What does the underlined word "it" in paragraph 3 refer to？　 　
A.The corn.
B.The signal.
C.The system.
D.The vibration.
（4）Which of the following words can best describe the Insect Eavesdropper？　 　
A.Perfect.
B.Inspiring.
C.Promising.
D.Purchasable.
12．（2025 日照一模） Every time we make a new video or send an email，or post a photo of our latest meal，it's like turning on a small light bulb （灯泡） that' ll never be turned off.This points to an uncomfortable and extremely modern question：To help save the planet，should we be using less data？Given how much of modern life depends on digital data，the answer could be a key aspect to living nobly in the AI age.
Why do posts produce carbon at all？When you send a post on Moments，it goes along a chain of energy﹣burning electronics.Your Wi﹣Fi router sends the signal along wires to the local exchange —the box on the street corner —and from there to a telecoms company，and from there to huge data centers operated by the tech giants.Each of those runs on electricity，and it all adds up.
Today，about 400 million homes worldwide have at least one "smart" device—curtains，electric cookers，refrigerators，and pads.By 2028，that figure is expected to nearly double.We are，in other words，being taken into a world where it's harder to do anything without turning on a digital light bulb.This puts eco﹣conscious consumers in a bind.After all，who would like to be someone that can't get their information properly because they're too busy keeping the carbon footprint of their searches down？
In the absence of systemic change，worrying over our individual data﹣usage decisions is "like trying to hold back a flood with a bucket and spade （铁铲）." Still，there's something we can do.When we face a digital decision，the less data﹣thirsty option will often be the smarter one.Blocking third﹣party tracking when we' re on the web，for example，not only reduces the power consumption of internet browsing；it's also good for your privacy.More fundamentally，maybe we don't need to turn everything into data.If I put down my phone the next time I'm on a train，it won't save the planet.But I'll be looking out the window with my own eyes，creating a memory that releases no carbon at all.
（1）What does the author imply about data usage？ 　 　
A.It is energy﹣consuming.
B.It is easy and convenient.
C.Its negative effects are ignored.
D.Its benefits are underestimated.
（2）What is the function of paragraph 2？ 　 　
A.To entertain.
B.To inform.
C.To persuade.
D.To inspire.
（3）What do the underlined words "in a bind" mean in paragraph 3？ 　 　
A.At risk.
B.At a loss.
C.At ease.
D.At a disadvantage.
（4）What does the author emphasize concerning carbon reduction in the last paragraph？ 　 　
A.The removal of digital data.
B.The promotion of ecotourism.
C.The value of personal contribution.
D.The significance of systemic change.
13．（2025 凉山州模拟） It's 3：00 am，and photographer Yang Dong stands along the rugged expanse of the Great Wall at Jinshanling，Hebei Province.His camera，set and ready，waits patiently for the first sunlight to uncover a breathtaking scenery of rolling clouds.
Yang was born in 1992 at the foot of the Tiger Mountain section of the Great Wall in Dandong，Liaoning Province.The Great Wall planted a seed in his memories from a very young age.In 2013，Yang started his photography career，and it was in September 2015，during a climb up the Jinshanling section，that he found himself awe﹣struck by the fantastic scenery of the Great Wall amidst the clouds and determined to use his camera to capture and preserve this heritage.
Photographing the Great Wall is not merely an artistic pursuit；it is a journey of patience，perseverance and emotional connection.As many parts of the Great Wall were built on mountains，his pursuit of ideal shooting points often involves carrying heavy equipment through dense forests and steep slopes，and he has to handle unpredictable weather conditions.
Yang recalled a particularly challenging experience in December 2018 at Jiayuguan，Gansu Province，where he endured a 22﹣hour train journey to capture the Great Wall in the snow.In temperatures as low as ﹣29°C.his electronic devices rapidly lost power，and his tablet computer used to control the shooting drone failed.To avoid missing the perfect moment，Yang used his body heat to restart the devices.His efforts paid off﹣he captured a striking photograph.
Since 2019，Yang has set his sights on an aspiring project：Capturing the snow﹣covered landscapes of the 13 significant passes of the Great Wall.Spanning from Shanhaiguan in the east to Jiayuguan in the west，these 13 passes cover vast geographical areas.Having completed nine of them，Yang aims to finish all 13 by 2024.
（1）What can we know about Yang Dong from paragraph 1？ 　 　
A.He is addicted to traveling.
B.He is patient and committed.
C.He has a deep passion for steep slopes.
D.He is fascinated by the midnight scenery.
（2）What made Yang Dong decide to conserve the heritage of the Great Wall？ 　 　
A.His talent in photographing.
B.His photographing career in 2013.
C.His climbing experience in 2015.
D.His memory of it at a young age.
（3）Why is Yang Dong 's experience at Jiayuguan mentioned in paragraph 4？ 　 　
A.To stress the importance of devices in photographing.
B.To recall his challenging experience in photographing.
C.To emphasize his success in capturing satisfying photographs.
D.To show the difficulty and his perseverance in photographing.
（4）What does the underlined word "aspiring"mean in the last paragraph？ 　 　
A.Ambitious.
B.Enjoyable.
C.Dangerous.
D.Unreachable.
14．（2025 湖北模拟） As a physicist，I love particles （粒子） —each plays a role in disclosing nature's laws.But neutrinos （中微子），these slippery troublemakers，are uniquely troubling for dark matter researchers.
Neutrinos were born from crisis.In the 1930s，physicists faced a dilemma：radioactive breakdowns seemed to break energy conservation.Unwillingly，they proposed an invisible，uncharged particle to balance the math.Wolfgang Pauli joked， "I have proposed a particle that cannot be detected." Fortunately，Pauli was ultimately wrong about his pretention.Neutrinos are so unwilling to interact with other matter that they routinely pass through our planet without us even noticing.
Even now，we don't really seize neutrinos.The standard detection method is to build a very large tank of water deep underground and then wait for one of them that pass through Earth every day；randomly and rarely.If one does，it can send a charged particle screaming through the water so fast that it creates a flash of light，which can help us infer something about the sea of tiny invisible particles.
The reason why neutrinos are a particular troublemaker for dark matter detectors is that the dark matter particles we're looking for have a lot in common with neutrinos，like WIMPs （弱相互作用大质量粒子） —no charge，weak interactions.Detectors built deep underground await rare hits between WIMPs and atoms （原子）.Yet as detectors grow more sensitive，they're picking up solar neutrinos instead.Nothing can block neutrinos.While neutrinos currently hide only high﹣energy signals，some estimate they'll drown out WIMP data within decades.Yet some physicists are still optimistic.After all，dark matter might be made of something else entirely.
But we're definitely getting to a point where，if dark matter really is made of WIMPs，we'll have to be a little more creative with our experiments.Because for those of us trying to look into the dark side of the universe，a bright future for neutrinos could end up being blinding for us.
（1）What is Wolfgang Pauli's attitude toward detecting neutrinos？　 　
A.Excited about its role.
B.Confident about its success.
C.Doubtful about its possibility.
D.Concerned about its moral risks.
（2）What does the underlined phrase "screaming through the water" in Paragraph 3 mean？　 　
A.Moving extremely quickly.
B.Disappearing rapidly in water.
C.Shining brightly under pressure.
D.Helping is understand sound waves.
（3）What can we know about WIMPs？　 　
A.They are charged particles.
B.They can easily be caught by detectors.
C.They have no interactions with other particles.
D.They are possible candidates for the dark matter particles.
（4）What is the primary purpose of the final paragraph？　 　
A.To advocate abandoning WIMP research.
B.To criticize current experimental methods.
C.To compare neutrinos with other particles.
D.To stress the need for creative experiments.
15．（2025 芜湖模拟） Tanya O' Carroll，who works in the tech policy and human rights sector，said it would open a"gateway"for other people wanting to stop the social media company from serving them adverts based on their interests，after Facebook agreed to stop targeting adverts at her using personal data.
Ms.O' Carroll filed a lawsuit against Meta，the US﹣based parent company of Facebook，in 2022，asking it to stop using her personal data to fill her social media feeds with targeted adverts based on topics it thought she was interested in."I knew that this kind of predatory，invasive advertising is actually something that we all have a legal right to object to，"said Ms.O' Carroll.
Ms.O' Carroll's lawsuit argued that Facebook's targeted advertising system was covered by the UK's definition of direct marketing.In a statement，Meta argued that it provided"adaptive settings and tools for users to control their data on its platform could only be targeted to groups of a minimum size of 100 people，rather than individuals，so did not count as direct marketing."But the Information Commissioner's Office disagreed."Organisations must respect people's choices about how their data is used.This means giving users a clear way to opt out of their data being used in this way."
After her success，Ms.O' Carroll said she hoped her individual settlement would make it easier for others who wanted Facebook to stop giving them targeted adverts."If other people want to exercise their right，I believe they now have a gateway to do so，knowing that regulators of White Hall will back them up，"she said.
A spokesperson of Meta disagreed with Ms.O' Carroll's claims，adding， "No business can be mandated to give away its services for free.Facebook costs a significant amount of money to build and maintain，and these services are free for British consumers because of personalised advertising.Our services support British economic growth by connecting businesses with the people most likely to buy their products.We will continue to defend its value while upholding user choice and privacy."
Facebook has a subscription service in most of Europe，where users can pay monthly so that they don't get ads on the platform.The Meta spokesperson said the company was"exploring the option"of offering a similar service to UK users and would"share further information in due course."
（1）What does the underlined word"gateway"in Paragraph 1 mean？ 　 　
A.Entrance.
B.Portal.
C.Access.
D.Tunnel.
（2）What did Ms.O' Carroll suggest anyone annoyed by targeted adverts do？ 　 　
A.Seek help from American regulators.
B.Stop using the service of Facebook.
C.Pay monthly for a subscription service.
D.Get support from the British official power.
（3）What does the spokesperson of Meta mean in Paragraph 5？ 　 　
A.It costs a lot to build and maintain the service of Facebook in the UK.
B.Meta insists on defending consumer choice and privacy.
C.Ads are necessary for users to access the free service of Facebook.
D.Meta aims to boost the UK economy through its advertising service.
（4）What is the best title for the article？ 　 　
A.Meta：Reasons for Targeted Adverts
B.ICO：Data Watchdog in the UK
C.Facebook：Stop Targeted Adverts for Users
D.O' Carroll：Pioneer against Targeted Adverts
16．（2025 锦江区校级模拟） A group of researchers examined a decade of responses to an online survey on morals，analyzing how these responses varied from season to season.Their results indicate that，at a population level，people are less likely to support more traditional moral values during summer and winter.The researchers relied on data from a website named YourMorals.org，which provides a"moral foundations questionnaire"allowing respondents to express their level of agreement or disagreement with various moral statements.
The questions were based on moral foundations theory，aiming to understand why morality seems to follow similar patterns among people from diverse cultures.According to this theory，morality can be categorized into five foundational values﹣care，fairness，loyalty，authority，and purity.These values fall into two groups：individualizing values and binding values.
Not all types of values exhibited a clear seasonal pattern.For example，individualizing values，which emphasize the morality of individual rights，showed little variation over time and did not follow a seasonal trend.In contrast，binding values﹣those that prioritize group needs，such as loyalty，respect for authority，and purity of tradition﹣followed a biannual（一年两次的） pattern.
To gain deeper insights into their findings，the researchers also studied patterns in Google search results related to anxiety.They discovered that population﹣level anxiety also followed a seasonal cycle﹣peaking in spring and fall，suggesting a possible correlation（关联性）.Spring and fall are generally considered the most enjoyable seasons，so an increase in anxiety during these times may come as a surprise.But it's possible that increases in school and work﹣related changes during these times could play some role.They also suggest that anxiety may decrease in winter due to seasonal holidays，and in summer because of warmer weather and increased vegetation.
"We often perceive moral values as unchanging principles that we hold close，"says Professor Hohm.However，they are actually influenced by various factors that we may not notice.Understanding how this happens can help us better comprehend and plan for seasonal shifts.
（1）Which of the following might not follow a seasonal trend？ 　 　
A.Purity of tradition.
B.Fairness among people.
C.Loyalty to one's party.
D.Respect for authority.
（2）What might be a possible reason for people feeling more anxious in spring and fall？ 　 　
A.Frequent transition of weather.
B.Heightened social events and gatherings.
C.New challenges from school and work.
D.Reduced availability of fresh produce.
（3）What can we learn from the last paragraph？ 　 　
A.Moral values remain constant over time.
B.Planning is crucial in maintaining moral stability.
C.The influence of morals on behavior is minimal.
D.Moral changes can affect plan making.
（4）What is the passage mainly about？ 　 　
A.Our moral values may change with the seasons.
B.Anxiety is closely linked to external threats.
C.Seasons influence our individualizing values.
D.Individualizing values and binding values differ.
17．（2025 临沂模拟） Centuries ago，the music of the Hí zaqv language echoed across a territory of rough islands，windswept beaches and thick forests.And then，the lands now in the western reaches of Canada fell quiet.Wars with neighbouring nations and disease brought the language to the edge of extinction.Today，only seventy fluent speakers remain.In some remote communities，where they don't have high schools，students are moved hundreds of kilometres away to larger cities to complete their studies，away from their families and their land.And so the loss continues on there.
Mamakwa is a Hí zaqv，who was punished for speaking his mother tongue in school.Last year，he became the first provincial lawmaker to give a speech in Toronto legislature （议会）.More than 1000 guests attended."For community leaders who were there，it was very emotional for them.They had tears in their eyes—not because of what I said but because they were hearing their language in a place where it was never supposed to be spoken，"he said.Mamakwa is now focusing his attention on the remaining systems that reduce the ability to speak the first languages of the land.
Recently，there is a cheerful sense of munity efforts have taken on a renewed intensity.New resources have been poured into preservation and education，including compiling（汇编） vast information from the current fluent speakers.Therefore，Hi zaqv culture is being normalized for kids in a much deeper way now than it ever was before.
"You never want to lose the body of knowledge and language that you had as a people.But our language is also growing.There are words emerging and concepts emerging that are being included in our language to reflect the new reality we live in，and the new way that we live and work and be together.That's a good thing，"said Mamakwa.
（1）What causes the collapsing Hí zaqv language in some communities today？ 　 　
A.The poor educational quality.
B.The enclosed geographic location.
C.The wars and natural disaster risks.
D.The removal of children from their families.
（2）What moved the community leaders in the Toronto legislature？ 　 　
A.Mamakwa was well treated at school.
B.They heard their language spoken there.
C.They were invited to the high﹣grade conference.
D.Mamakwa became the first provincial lawmaker.
（3）What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about？ 　 　
A.Efforts of current fluent speakers.
B.Positive changes to the Hí zaqv culture.
C.Cultural influences on kids' growth.
D.Development of the Hí zaqv language.
（4）Which of the following might Mamakwa agree with？ 　 　
A.Language should be dynamic.
B.Language must be standardized.
C.Language is vital to national identity.
D.Language bridges the gap between people.
18．（2025春 深圳校级期中） Dreams have fascinated people for years，yet we struggle to understand their purpose.Some theories suggest dreams help us deal with emotions，solve problems or manage hidden desires.Others suggest they clean up brain waste or make memories stronger.
David Eagleman，a neuroscientist at Stanford University，suggests another theory.It takes into account that the human brain has an ability called neuroplasticity（神经可塑性）—certain areas are able to take on new tasks.He argues the brain distributes its resources by "carrying out a do﹣or﹣die competition" for brain territory where sensory areas "gain or lose neural territory when inputs slow，stop or shift". "For example，people who lose sight or hearing show heightened sensitivity in the remaining senses，" says Eagleman.
When we sleep，we can smell，hear and feel，but visual information is absent—except during rapid eye movement （REM） sleep.About 90 minutes after falling sleep，we enter REM sleep.It begins when neurons in your brain stem signal the beginning of two important tasks.Activity of these neurons，for one，paralyze motor nerves， hampering the sleeper's acting out what is happening in the dream.Also，they send messages directly to the visual cortex（皮层），which starts the dreaming process.As long as the neurons in the visual cortex are actively performing their job，they won't be taken over by nearby neurons that process other sensory information.Dreams are the brain's way of fighting the takeover from other senses.
Eagleman argues that the more plastic the brain is，the more necessary REM sleep is for performing a defense.For babies to develop properly，they must sleep a lot，spending almost 50 percent of their time in REM sleep.But as people age，their brains become less flexible.At the same time，adults spend less time on REM sleep.
Deirdre Leigh Barrett，a psychologist at Harvard University，says， "Eagleman's theory is very convincing." However，some dream researchers have different views.They think although the blind mole rat does not see，it still experiences REM sleep.Yet some evolutionary adaptations are features that were useful in the past but have become less significant as animals have evolved.So perhaps there was no pressure for blind mole rats to lose REM activity as they evolved without vision.
（1）Why does Eagleman mention the example in paragraph 2？ 　 　
A.To show the brain is highly adaptive.
B.To prove the neurons can repair themselves.
C.To explain the significance of the five senses.
D.To illustrate the unevenness of the brain resource.
（2）What does the underlined word "hampering" in paragraph 3 mean？ 　 　
A.Conducting.
B.Preventing.
C.Spotting.
D.Stimulating.
（3）What can be inferred from Eagleman's statements in paragraph 4？ 　 　
A.Brain plasticity increases as people get older.
B.REM sleep and brain plasticity are interrelated.
C.Adults need more sleep to keep fit than babies.
D.People's aging process has little effect on REM sleep.
（4）What do some dream researchers think of Eagleman's theory？ 　 　
A.It lacks credibility.
B.Its theoretical basis is novel.
C.Its application is limited.
D.It agrees with evolutionary laws.
19．（2025 淄博三模） Earlier this year，Bad Bunny rejected a saying that he was about to release a new song with Justin Bieber.But last month，a song featuring what sounded like his and Bieber's voices started spreading on TikTok，gaining millions of likes.Bad Bunny hadn't lied，though：the song was created with AI.An artist named FlowGPT had used AI technology to recreate the voices of Bad Bunny，Bieber and Daddy Yankee.Bad Bunny himself hated it，discouraging his fans from listening.But many fans of all three stars loved it all the same.
The song and the polarized reactions to it show how AI has stormed the music industry in a troublesome way.Over the past couple of years，advancements in machine learning have made it possible for anyone sitting in their homes to reproduce the sound of their favourite musicians.
Some boosters argue that these advancements will allow anyone with an idea to create music.But some artists have reacted with anger that something so personal as their voice or musical style could be commercialised for someone else's gain. The push﹣and﹣pull between protecting artists，driving innovations，and determining the supportive roles for man and machine in music creation will be explored for years to come.
The singer﹣songwriter Holly Herndon is among the artists trying to get ahead of these changes.She created an imitation of her own voice called Holly+，allowing anyone to transform their own voice into hers.The purpose of the project is not to force other artists to also surrender（让出） their voices，but to encourage them to also take on an active role in these larger conversations. "I think it's an opportunity to rethink what the role of the artist is，" she tells TIME. "There's a way to still have some control over the digital version of yourself，but be more playful and less strict."
（1）How does the author introduce the topic？ 　 　
A.By making a comparison.
B.By presenting a survey.
C.By citing an incident.
D.By sharing a song.
（2）What does the underlined phrase "The push﹣and﹣pull" in paragraph 3 mean？ 　 　
A.The competition.
B.The responsibility.
C.The equality.
D.The balance.
（3）What is the purpose of creating Holly+？ 　 　
A.To involve artists in AI discussions.
B.To challenge artists' traditional role.
C.To commercially use the digital voice.
D.To offer ideas for fans' music creation.
（4）What does the text mainly convey about AI music？ 　 　
A.Its popularity.
B.Its controversy.
C.Its feature.
D.Its profit.
20．（2025 吉林模拟） For decades，most real﹣world robots were inspired by wheeled vehicles or humanoids.About 15 years ago， "zoomorphic" robots emerged，mimicing（模拟）animal features and have been used for multi﹣purposes.Yet，Barbara Mazzolai，an Italian roboticist，notes that the field of robotics is far less keen to investigate another major category of living things—plants，which may originate from a misconception that plants are incapable of movement or perception（洞察力）. " It's not true at all，" she says.
To uproot this conception，her team at the Italian Institute of Technology （IIT） recently developed a machine described "FiloBot"，a robot based on climbing plants.FiloBot mimics the growth and movement behaviors of climbing plants，which are essential for their survival.Climbing plants must first grow out of the soil and travel along the ground to find a support，a nearby tree，say.Once a support is found，they switch strategies to grow upwards towards the light，prioritizing rapid growth over size.To help choose the best growth angle，they also use information from light and gravity receptors distributed along each shoot.
FiloBot mimics these behaviors using sensors in its head.It can rapidly grow by 3 D﹣printing its own body and can twist around supports by growing in a winding pattern.The researchers found that these simple functions were enough to let FiloBot move through a complex，unseen environment，cross gaps and find supports to attach to.This makes FiloBot highly adaptable and suitable for some potential applications including environmental monitoring in hard﹣to﹣reach or unknown locations，or monitoring disaster sites with unstable infrastructure（基础设施）.
While FiloBot has not left the laboratory due to further testing and refinement（改进），it is not the only plantlike robot the team is cultivating.Since 2012，Dr Mazzolai has been developing "plantoids" based on roots to analyze chemicals or locate water sources.She hopes that such projects will inspire other roboticists to take their cues from botany.The plant kingdom is another world with a completely different approach to the animal one. "So we can develop completely new technologies and artificial solutions."she says.
（1）What is the primary focus of paragraph 1？ 　 　
A.The technical challenges of mimicking plant behaviors.
B.The historical dominance of animal﹣inspired robots.
C.The misconception about plants' passive nature.
D.The overlooked potential of plant﹣based robotics.
（2）How does FiloBot navigate complex environments？ 　 　
A.By analyzing soil composition with built﹣in sensors.
B.By 3 D﹣printing and responding to light/gravity changes.
C.By using pre﹣programmed routes for specific landscape.
D.By mimicking animal movement patterns for flexibility.
（3）Which can best explain "take one's cue from" in the last paragraph？ 　 　
A.Draw inspiration from.
B.Follow the guidance of.
C.Remove limitation from.
D.Take control of.
（4）Which conclusion does FiloBot's design best support？ 　 　
A.Natural organisms' survival strategies can inspire adaptable robotics.
B.Plant﹣based robots are limited to laboratory environments.
C.3 D﹣printing technology is essential for all future robot designs.
D.Disaster monitoring requires abandoning unstable infrastructure.
高考英语一轮复习 说明文阅读理解
参考答案与试题解析
一．阅读理解（共20小题）
1．（2025 济南三模） Scientists have revealed much of the basics about earthquakes：tectonic plates （构造板块） move，causing strain energy （应变能） to build up，and that energy eventually releases in the form of an earthquake.However，forecasting earthquakes remains a significant challenge，which was evidenced by the 2011 great Tohoku earthquake.In addition to causing a tsunami that led to the Fukushima nuclear disaster，it resulted in more than 18，000 deaths.
In recent years，researchers have been trying to figure out a possible relation between the sun and earthquakes.Based on a previous study that connected solar activity with earthquakes，a study conducted by researchers from the University of Tsukuba （UT） cast light on this possibility，confirming that sunspot numbers had some influence on earthquakes and Earth's climate，as affected by solar heat，played a role.
"Solar heat drives atmospheric temperature changes，which in turn can affect things like rock properties and underground water movement，" said Junqueira Saldanha，leader of the research team. "Such changes can make rocks tend to break apart.For example，the changes in rainfall and snowmelt can affect the pressure on tectonic plate boundaries.While these factors may not be the main drivers of earthquakes，they could still be playing a role that can help to predict earthquakes."
Among other findings，the researchers used mathematical and computational methods to analyze earthquake data alongside solar activity records and surface temperatures on Earth.They observed that when they included Earth surface temperatures into their model，the forecasting became more accurate，especially for shallow earthquakes. "That makes sense，since heat and water mostly affect the upper layers of the Earth's crust （地壳），" said Saldanha.
The findings suggest the transfer of solar heat to the surface of the Earth does affect earthquakes，however minutely，and that incorporating solar activity predictions into detailed Earth temperature models may help issue earthquake forecasts. "It's an exciting direction，and we hope our study can decipher the bigger picture of what causes earthquakes，" said Saldanha.
（1）Why did the author mention Tohoku earthquake in Paragraph 1？　B　
A.To demonstrate the movement of tectonic plates.
B.To illustrate the difficulty in earthquake forecast.
C.To reveal the heavy losses caused by earthquakes.
D.To stress the necessity of weakening strain energy.
（2）What does the study by UT mainly focus on？　D　
A.The climate change caused by earthquakes.
B.The impact of solar activity on atmosphere.
C.The reasons for increased sunspot numbers.
D.The link between sunspots and earthquakes.
（3）Which of the following would Saldanha agree？　D　
A.Solar heat decides earthquake frequency.
B.Tectonic plate pressure grows constantly.
C.Earthquakes occur in the crust's upper layer.
D.Solar activity data helps predict earthquakes.
（4）What does the underlined word "decipher" in the last paragraph mean？　A　
A.Reveal.
B.Distinguish.
C.Expand.
D.Assess.
【答案】BDDA
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述科学家对太阳活动与地震之间关系的研究，指出太阳热量传递到地球表面会对地震产生影响，将太阳活动预测纳入地球温度模型可能有助于地震预报。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段However，forecasting earthquakes remains a significant challenge，which was evidenced by the 2011 great Tohoku earthquake.（然而，地震预测仍然是一项重大挑战，2011 年的Tohoku大地震就证明了这一点）可知，提及该地震是为了论证前文"地震预测困难"的观点。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段Based on a previous study that connected solar activity with earthquakes，a study conducted by researchers from the University of Tsukuba （UT） cast light on this possibility，confirming that sunspot numbers had some influence on earthquakes and Earth's climate，as affected by solar heat，played a role.（基于之前的一项将太阳活动与地震联系起来的研究，UT大学的研究人员进行的一项研究揭示了这种可能性，证实了太阳黑子数量对地震和受太阳热量影响的地球气候有一定影响）可知，该研究聚焦太阳黑子与地震的关联。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段The findings suggest the transfer of solar heat to the surface of the Earth does affect earthquakes，however minutely，and that incorporating solar activity predictions into detailed Earth temperature models may help issue earthquake forecasts.（研究结果表明，太阳热量向地球表面的转移确实会影响地震，尽管影响很小，而且将太阳活动预测纳入详细的地球温度模型可能有助于发布地震预测）可知，萨尔达尼亚认为太阳活动数据对预测地震有帮助。故选D。
（4）词义猜测题。根据最后一段we hope our study can decipher the bigger picture of what causes earthquakes（我们希望我们的研究能够_____地震成因的更大图景）可知，decipher后的宾语是 "地震成因的更大图景"，结合前文研究的目