Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
What should you do when an earthquake hits
[导读] 虽然我们不希望地震发生,但它通常还是会发生。虽然我们不能阻止地震的发生,但我们可以减少地震给我们带来的损害。那么,在地震发生时及震后我们应该注意些什么呢
Earthquakes occur without any warning and may be so violent (剧烈的) that you cannot run, so the main point is to try not to move and to immediately protect yourself as best as possible wherever you are. “Drop, cover, and hold on” offers the best overall level of protection in most situations.
What to do during an earthquake.
If you are indoors, stay there. Quickly move to a safe location in the room such as under a strong desk, a strong table, or along an interior wall. The goal is to protect yourself from falling objects and be located near the structural strong points of the room. Avoid taking cover near windows, large mirrors, hanging objects, heavy furniture or fireplaces.
If you are cooking, turn off the stove and take cover.
If you are outdoors, move to an open area where falling objects are unlikely to strike you. Move away from buildings, power lines, and trees.
If you are driving, slow down smoothly and stop on the side of the road. Avoid stopping on or under bridges and overpasses, or under power lines, trees, or large signs.
What to do after an earthquake.
Check for injuries, attend to injuries if needed, and help ensure the safety of people around you.
Check for damage. If your building is badly damaged, you should leave it until it has been inspected (检查) by a safety professional.
If you smell or hear a gas leak(泄漏), get everyone outside and open windows and doors. If you can do it safely, turn off the gas at the meter. Report the leak to the gas company and fire department. Do not use any electrical appliances (电器) because a tiny spark (火花) could light the gas.
If the power is out, unplug (拔掉……的电源插头) major appliances to prevent possible damage when the power is turned back on. If you see sparks, frayed wires, or smell hot insulation, turn off electricity at the main fuse box or the circuit-breaker. If you have to step in water to turn off the electricity, you should call a professional to turn it off for you.
【主题词句背诵】
1.without any warning没有任何警告/预兆
2.protect oneself from…保护某人自己免受……伤害
3.turn off关闭
4.be (un)likely to do sth (不大)可能做某事
5.move away from远离
6.attend to处理,照料
7.Earthquakes occur without any warning and may be so violent (剧烈的) that you cannot run, so the main point is to try not to move and to immediately protect yourself as best as possible wherever you are.
地震在没有任何预兆的情况下发生,并且可能非常剧烈,以至于你无法奔跑。所以重点是不管你在哪儿,尽量不要移动,并立即尽可能地保护好你自己。
8.If your building is badly damaged, you should leave it until it has been inspected (检查) by a safety professional.
如果你的房子严重受损,你应该在安全员检查之前离开它。
Period One Listening and Speaking
1.slide vi. & vt. (slid, slid) (使)滑行;滑动;逐渐降低
(1)slide down 沿着……滑落
slide into 偷偷溜入;不知不觉养成习惯/染上毛病
slide away 溜走
(2)on the slide 在下滑中;在衰落中
【佳句背诵】
(1)If you walk too fast on this icy path, you may slide and get injured.
如果你在这条结冰的小路上走得太快,你可能会滑倒并受伤。
(2)It’s too easy to slide into a bad habit but difficult to get out of it.
养成坏习惯太容易了,但改掉却很难。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Although the government has taken some measures, the tourism industry is still the slide due to various factors.
②Although it was very cold outside, the children were having fun sliding the snowy hill, their laughter ringing in the air.
③As the meeting started, she quietly (slide) into the room, hoping not to draw attention to herself.
◆完成句子
④Worried about being punished by my father, I quickly and pretended to be asleep. (读后续写之动作描写)
担心受到爸爸的惩罚,我迅速地钻进被窝,假装睡着了。
⑤Resting her head on my shoulder, she softly sobbed with .
(读后续写之表情和动作描写)
她把头靠在我的肩膀上,轻轻地啜泣着,泪水顺着脸颊滑落下来。
2.flood n. 洪水;大量 vi.淹没;大量涌入 vt. 使灌满水;淹没;充斥;挤满
(1)flood in/into 大量涌入
flood out of 蜂拥而出
flood over (sb)/back (感觉或回忆)涌上(某人)心头
come flooding back (回忆)涌上心头
(2)a flood of (=floods of) 大量,大批
in floods of tears 大哭
(3)flooded adj. 被水淹没的
be flooded with 有大量……的,充斥着……的
【佳句背诵】
(1)When the gates opened, people flooded into the stadium, eager to watch the exciting game.当大门打开时,人们涌入体育场,渴望观看这场激动人心的比赛。
(2)Sitting by the fireplace, she was flooded with memories of her childhood winters spent with family.坐在壁炉旁,她心中满是童年时与家人一起度过的冬日回忆。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①As soon as the gates opened, people began to flood the stadium to watch the concert.
②The river burst its banks and the road (flood) just because of a sudden heavy rain yesterday.
③Standing on the riverbank, he watched the water rushing by, (flood) the fields downstream.
◆完成句子/句式改写
④A sense of joy him when he finally completed the challenging project that he had been working on for months.(读后续写之情感描写)
当他终于完成了那个他已经为之努力了数月的具有挑战性的项目时,一种喜悦之情涌上他的心头。
⑤[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷读后续写] She hugged the caring twins tightly and .
→She hugged the caring twins tightly, .(用with复合结构改写)
她紧紧地抱住贴心的双胞胎,双眸满是泪水。
3.damage n. 损坏;损失 vt. 损害;破坏;伤害
do/cause damage to sb/sth 对……造成损害
【佳句背诵】
Fires followed the earthquake for three days, causing more damage than the earthquake itself.
地震发生后,大火持续了三天,造成的破坏比地震还要多。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①To prevent further damage the environment, we should encourage the use of public transportation and reduce the number of private cars on the road.
②They stared at the (damage) bridge, wondering how they would cross the river.
③It’s reported that many a house (damage) by the typhoon, which struck the city last week.
◆完成句子
④The wildfire spread rapidly through the forest, consuming everything in its path and the natural environment.
野火在森林中迅速蔓延,烧毁了沿途的一切,给自然环境造成了极大的破坏。
⑤ was so serious that many people were left homeless and businesses were forced to close.
洪水造成的破坏如此严峻,以至于许多人无家可归,企业被迫关闭。
4.destroy vt.摧毁;毁灭
(1)destroy one’s hope/confidence/career
摧毁某人的希望/信心/事业
be destroyed by fire/a bomb/an earthquake
被大火/炸弹/地震摧毁
(2)destruction n. [U]毁灭;消灭;破坏
【佳句背诵】
The ancient castle that had stood for centuries was destroyed by the powerful earthquake, which left the local people heartbroken.
那座屹立了几个世纪的古老城堡被强烈的地震摧毁了,这让当地人民心碎不已。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The government ordered an airlift of medical and food supplies to the disaster area because the roads (destroy).
②The fierce storm hit the coastal town, (destroy) many streets and houses, which made the residents face great difficulties in rebuilding their lives.
③Many species are in danger of extinction because of our (destroy) of their natural habitat.
◆完成句子
④The little children and helpless mother, by the fire, sat in silence, eyes filled with sadness.(读后续写之情感描写)
家被大火烧毁的小孩子和无助的母亲静静地坐着,眼里满是悲伤。
⑤I watched in pain as runners rushed by me. Even though I knew , I had to finish the race. (读后续写之个人经历)
我痛苦地看着跑步者从我身边冲过去。尽管我知道我成为冠军的梦想破灭了,但我必须完成比赛。
5.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动
(1)be affected by 受……的影响;被……感动
be affected by/infected with
感染……疾病
(2)affection n. 喜爱
show/have/feel (much/a great)affection for…
(非常)喜欢……,(非常)喜爱……
(3)effect n. 影响
have an effect/influence on/upon…
对……产生影响
【佳句背诵】
(1)With the government’s aid, those affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
在政府的帮助下,那些受地震影响的人已经搬到了新的定居点。
(2)She was deeply affected by his kindness, which made her realize the importance of helping others.
她被他的善良深深打动,这让她意识到帮助他人的重要性。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The teacher’s words had a profound effect
the students, who were inspired to work harder and pursue their dreams.
②It is his deep (affect) for his family that drives him to work hard and provide a better life for them.
③Worried about the exam results, he couldn’t sleep well, (affect) his performance the next day.
◆完成句子
④[2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达] She is an ordinary teacher who loves her work and . 她是一位平凡的老师,热爱自己的工作,对学生表现出极大的关爱。
⑤[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷应用文写作] In summary, the English newspaper Youth . I the countless moving stories in it.
总之,英文报纸《青春》对我的影响很大,我常常深深地被其中无数感人的故事感动着。
6.shelter n.遮蔽物;避难处;居所;庇护 vi. 躲避(风雨或危险) vt. 保护;掩蔽
(1)a shelter from… 躲避……的地方
give sb shelter for the night
给某人提供过夜之处
under sb’s/sth’s shelter (=under the shelter
of…) 受到……的保护;在……
的庇护下
(2)shelter from the rain/wind/sunlight
避雨/风/阳光
shelter sb from sth 使免受……的伤害
【佳句背诵】
(1)The hikers found a small cave that served as a shelter from the sudden rainstorm in the mountains.
徒步旅行者找到一个小山洞,作为躲避山中突如其来的暴风雨的庇护所。
(2)During the storm, we found a small cave to shelter from the heavy rain and strong winds.
在暴风雨中,我们找到一个小洞穴来躲避大雨和强风。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2024·浙江1月考] When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter the rain.
②Children the shelter of their parents are likely to be spoiled.
③ the homeless during the winter, the local government set up temporary(临时的) and provided warm clothing and food.(shelter)
◆完成句子
④ in a small cave, they pressed close for warmth, their eyes filled with a mixture of fear and hope.(读后续写之场景描写)
他们在一个小山洞里躲避着凛冽的寒风,紧紧依偎在一起取暖,眼中充满了恐惧与希望。
⑤The kind-hearted villagers decided to the night in their community hall.
善良的村民们决定在他们的社区大厅为这位迷路的旅行者提供过夜的地方。
Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Period One Listening and Speaking
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1.①on ②down ③slid ④slid into bed ⑤tears sliding down her cheeks
2.①into/in ②was flooded ③flooding ④flooded over
⑤her eyes were flooded with tears; with her eyes flooded with tears
3.①to ②damaged ③was damaged ④causing great damage to ⑤The damage caused by the flood
4.①were destroyed ②destroying ③destruction ④whose home had been destroyed ⑤my dream of being a champion was destroyed
5.①on/upon ②affection ③affecting ④shows a great affection for her students ⑤affects me greatly/has a great effect on me; am often deeply affected by
6.①from ②under ③To shelter; shelters ④Sheltering from the icy wind ⑤give the lost traveller shelter forUnit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Period One Listening and Speaking
●Ⅰ 单词拼写(每小题1分,满分8分)
1.The plane narrowly avoided the (灾难) when one of the engines cut out on take-off.
2.The timely rain after a long time of
(旱灾) will certainly make it possible for crops to grow well.
3.The river burst its banks and (淹没) the surrounding fields.
4.Unluckily, many farmhouses in the town were completely (摧毁) in the recent floods .
5.The car, whose handbrake wasn’t very reliable, began to (滑行) backwards.
6.The policeman failed in (营救) the boy from drowning even though he tried his best.
7.The accident caused some (损坏) to my car, but there was nothing serious.
8.Their houses are in ruins , so they have to live in a (避难所) for the moment.
●Ⅱ 单句填空(每小题1.5分,满分15分)
1.The old man used to sit in the shade of the big tree, (shelter) from the sunlight.
2.There were 325 traffic accidents and five (death) involving delivery drivers during the first half of 2019.
3.The little girl was thought to have been killed, but she (rescue) by someone actually .
4.The town (destroy) in the war, but the library remained.
5.The students who were in the old classroom building (evacuate) quickly when the fire alarm went off.
6.With the help of the government, those who (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
7.It is believed that Pompeii was ruined by volcanic (erupt) when many of the people in the city were still in their dreams.
8.The river broke through its banks,
(flood) the country for many miles around.
9.An earthquake is one of the most severe (disaster) that cause huge losses to human beings.
10.Your father is angry because you have done damage the flower beds.
●Ⅲ 短语填空(每小题2分,满分8分)
1.Hearing the scream for help, we quickly (来救他) and pulled him out of the river.
2.The 5·12 earthquake (对……造成破坏) Sichuan, leaving many people homeless at the very beginning.
3.The workers wore masks to their eyes (使……免受……) the glare of the fire.
4.The school (建立)a special programme last year to help students with learning difficulties.
●Ⅳ 阅读理解(每小题2.5分,满分20分)
A [2025·福建三明两校协作高一第二次联考]
For the past few years, I’ve taken my vacation in the spring. One April I planned to visit a friend in Nepal who had lived in the country for over 15 years.
I flew into Kathmandu and spent a week visiting sites, and on Friday, April 24, 2015, we went to Lukla, a mountain town to the northeast. My friend had worked there before. We visited a nearby village on Saturday. We were served a delicious pancake and endless cups of milk tea; villagers made small talk and caught up with each other. After a couple of hours, my friend and I made a polite exit (离去) for a coffee break across the dirt path to our lodging, a house he had lived in while working in Lukla years ago.
As we sat in the kitchen taking a rest, I wondered why it felt like an underground was running under the village. As the sound started to shake, I looked out of the window at the passers-by and thought it felt like a truck was driving by—impossible in this village. I looked at my friend and he said offhandedly: “It’s an earthquake.” Before I could ask questions, he began shouting to get out of the house. By the time I was running down the dirt path, I couldn’t run straight.
Away from buildings, we lowered our bodies near a low wall, and unbelievably before our eyes, walls and buildings fell. In front of us the end wall of the house we slept in collapsed(倒塌), the stones dislodged (移开)and falling to the ground. In a matter of seconds, every house in the village was damaged, with walls either seriously cracked, or completely damaged.
In the days and weeks that followed we checked in with friends and shared stories of where we were and what we were doing. The event was so wide-reaching that it was difficult to understand except through personal stories.
( )1.What did the author do in Nepal
A.He visited his friend.
B.He tried to look for a job.
C.He built a house for villagers.
D.He moved to a village to enjoy life.
( )2.Which of the following can best describe the villagers
A.Shy. B.Bored.
C.Friendly. D.Humorous.
( )3.What happened when the author stayed in the kitchen
A.He was injured by a collapsed wall.
B.An earthquake struck the village.
C.A truck drove by the village.
D.He missed the train.
( )4.What can we infer about the village in Paragraph 4
A.It was left empty.
B.It was quite peaceful.
C.It was badly damaged.
D.It was attractive to visitors.
B [2025·浙江台金七校联盟高一期中联考]
Standing on the ruins after the fire where his house had been, Peter Ruprecht recognized that he was not sure how or when to rebuild it. He was still shocked by what Australia’s increasingly changeable climate had already delivered: first a drought, then a destructive bush fire, then a foot of rain from a storm.
“It’s unstoppable,” said Mr Ruprecht, a former dairy farmer. “We speak about the warmth of Mother Nature, but nature can also be vicious and wild and unforgiving.”
Australia’s hellish (地狱般的) fire season has come to an end, but its people are facing more than a single disaster. With floods destroying homes not far from where fires recently spread, they are facing a cycle of what scientists call “compound extremes”: one climate disaster strengthening the next.
Warmer temperatures do more than just dry out the land. They also heat up the atmosphere, which means clouds hold more moisture (水汽) for longer periods of time. So droughts get worse, giving way to fires, then to heavy rain that the land is too dry to take in.
Many Australians in disaster areas complain that their government, after paying little attention to climate change for years, has not yet to draw up recovery plans that are clear and that take future risks into consideration.
At the same time, the economic costs of a changing climate are rising quickly. Philip Lowe, the governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia, warned recently that Australia was already paying a price, and that it would only go up.
( )5.Peter Ruprecht is mentioned in the beginning .
A.to arouse readers’ pity
B.to introduce the topic
C.to stress the problem
D.to call on readers to help
( )6.Which word can replace the underlined word “vicious” in Paragraph 2
A.Graceful. B.Balanced.
C.Responsible. D.Cruel.
( )7.What is the main cause of “compound extremes” in Australia
A.Government inaction.
B.Warmer temperature.
C.The shortage of money.
D.No recovery plans.
( )8.Where is the text probably from
A.A guidebook. B.A travel journal.
C.A news report. D.A book review.
●Ⅴ 语法填空(每小题1.5分,满分15分)
[2025·湖北省普通高中联盟高一期中]
The China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) 1. (form) in 2001 and is now made up of several hundred rescue workers and about 20 sniffer dogs. The team brings help and hope to those 2. lives are changed by a storm, flood, earthquake, or any other natural disaster.
After long and careful training, the team went on its first international rescue missions in 2003. That year the Chinese team helped save lives after earthquakes in Algeria and Iran. It was the first time that a Chinese team had worked outside China and the team won high praise 3. their bravery and skill. Since then, the CISAR 4. (complete) many missions. The list of people to whom help has been given is long. The team treated more than 3,000 people 5. (injure) in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia and spent 3 months 6. (give ) aid to over 25,000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan.
Rescue workers are trained to find people, treat injuries, and hand out food, water, and other supplies. They have to be able to do work that is difficult under conditions which can be 7. (danger). Even they also bury 8. dead. Rescue workers must have big 9. (heart), too. It takes a lot of love and courage 10. (risk) one’s own life to save someone else’s.
Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Period One Listening and Speaking
Ⅰ.1.disaster 2.drought 3.flooded 4.destroyed
5.slide 6.rescuing 7.damage 8.shelter
Ⅱ.1.sheltering 2.deaths 3.was rescued 4.was destroyed 5.evacuated/were evacuated 6.were affected
7.eruption 8.flooding 9.disasters 10.to
Ⅲ.1.came to his rescue 2.did/caused damage to
3.shelter; from 4.set up
Ⅳ.A
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己在尼泊尔遭遇地震的经历。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“One April I planned to visit a friend in Nepal who had lived in the country for over 15 years.”以及第二段中“I flew into Kathmandu and spent a week visiting sites, and on Friday, April 24, 2015, we went to Lukla, a mountain town to the northeast.”可知,作者去尼泊尔拜访了他的朋友,两人一起在尼泊尔游玩。故选A项。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中“We visited a nearby village on Saturday. We were served a delicious pancake and endless cups of milk tea; villagers made small talk and caught up with each other.”可推知,那个村子里的人们都很友善、热情。故选C项。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“As we sat in the kitchen taking a rest, I wondered why it felt like an underground was running under the village. As the sound started to shake, I looked out of the window at the passers-by and thought it felt like a truck was driving by—impossible in this village. I looked at my friend and he said offhandedly: ‘It’s an earthquake.’”可知,当作者待在厨房时,地震袭击了这个村庄。故选B项。
4.C 推理判断题。根据第四段中“In front of us the end wall of the house we slept in collapsed(倒塌), the stones dislodged(移开)and falling to the ground. In a matter of seconds, every house in the village was damaged, with walls either seriously cracked, or completely damaged.”可推知,村庄在地震中严重受损。故选C项。
B
【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚一系列极端气候灾难,包括它的成因、危害及造成的经济成本等。
5.B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Standing on the ruins after the fire where his house had been, Peter Ruprecht recognized that he was not sure how or when to rebuild it. He was still shocked by what Australia’s increasingly changeable climate had already delivered: first a drought, then a destructive bush fire, then a foot of rain from a storm.”可知,文章开头提到Peter Ruprecht是为了引出话题:澳大利亚的气候灾难。故选B项。
6.D 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中的“We speak about the warmth of Mother Nature, but nature can also be vicious and wild and unforgiving.”可知,vicious应与wild“狂野的”和unforgiving“无情的”意义一致。由此可知,vicious意思是“残酷的,野蛮的”。故选D项。
7.B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Warmer temperatures do more than just dry out the land. They also heat up the atmosphere, which means clouds hold more moisture (水汽) for longer periods of time. So droughts get worse, giving way to fires, then to heavy rain that the land is too dry to take in.”(气温升高不仅仅使土地干涸。它们还会加热大气,这意味着云在更长的时间内保持更多的水分。因此,干旱变得更加严重,引发火灾,然后是土地太干燥而无法吸收的大雨。)可知,是温度升高导致了复合极端情况。故选B项。
8.C 推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是由文章第一段“Standing on the ruins after the fire where his house had been, Peter Ruprecht recognized that he was not sure how or when to rebuild it. He was still shocked by what Australia’s increasingly changeable climate had already delivered: first a drought, then a destructive bush fire, then a foot of rain from a storm.”可知,全文描述了澳大利亚的极端气候灾难,它的成因、危害以及造成的经济成本等,属于报道。所以,该文章应出自一篇新闻报道。故选C项。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国国际救援队的一些情况。这个团队为那些生活因风暴、洪水、地震或其他自然灾害而改变的人们带来了帮助和希望。
1.was formed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。the China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR)与动词form之间为被动关系,且由in 2001 可知,这里时态应用一般过去时,主语为第三人称单数形式。故填was formed。
2.whose 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,先行词是those,在从句中作定语,应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
3.for 考查介词。win praise for为固定搭配,意为“因……赢得赞誉”。故填for。
4.has completed 考查时态和主谓一致。the CISAR与complete之间为主动关系,再由since then可知,这里时态应用现在完成时,主语为第三人称单数。故填has completed。
5.injured 考查非谓语动词。此处用非谓语动词,3,000 people与动词injure之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作后置定语。故填injured。
6.giving 考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth为固定搭配,意为“花时间做某事”。故填giving。
7.dangerous 考查形容词。在系动词be后作表语,应用形容词。故填dangerous。
8.the 考查冠词。“the+形容词”表示一类人。the dead意为“死者”。故填the。
9.hearts 考查名词复数。heart在此处为可数名词,且由rescue workers可知,应用名词复数形式作宾语。故填hearts。
10.to risk 考查动词不定式。it作形式主语,真正主语为后面不定式 to risk one’s own life to save someone else’s,因此填不定式形式。故填to risk。(共73张PPT)
Period One
Listening and Speaking
What should you do when an
earthquake hits
［导读］虽然我们不希望地震发生,但它
通常还是会发生。虽然我们不能阻止地震的发
Earthquakes occur without any warning and may be so
violent (剧烈的) that you cannot run, so the main point is to
try not to move and to immediately protect yourself as best
生,但我们可以减少地震给我们带来的损害。那么,在地震发生时及震
后我们应该注意些什么呢
as possible wherever you are. “Drop, cover, and hold on”
offers the best overall level of protection in most situations.
What to do during an earthquake.
If you are indoors, stay there. Quickly move to a safe
location in the room such as under a strong desk, a strong
table, or along an interior wall. The goal is to protect yourself
from falling objects and be located near the structural strong
points of the room. Avoid taking cover near windows, large
mirrors, hanging objects, heavy furniture or fireplaces.
If you are cooking, turn off the stove and take cover.
If you are outdoors, move to an open area where falling
objects are unlikely to strike you. Move away from buildings,
power lines, and trees.
If you are driving, slow down smoothly and stop on the
side of the road. Avoid stopping on or under bridges and
overpasses, or under power lines, trees, or large signs.
What to do after an earthquake.
Check for injuries, attend to injuries if needed, and help
ensure the safety of people around you.
Check for damage. If your building is badly damaged,
you should leave it until it has been inspected (检查) by a
safety professional.
If you smell or hear a gas leak(泄漏), get everyone outside
and open windows and doors. If you can do it safely, turn off
the gas at the meter. Report the leak to the gas company and
fire department. Do not use any electrical appliances (电器)
because a tiny spark (火花) could light the gas.
If the power is out, unplug (拔掉……的电源插头) major
appliances to prevent possible damage when the power is
turned back on. If you see sparks, frayed wires, or smell hot
insulation, turn off electricity at the main fuse box or the
circuit-breaker. If you have to step in water to turn off the
electricity, you should call a professional to turn it off for you.
【主题词句背诵】
1.without any warning没有任何警告/预兆
2.protect oneself from…保护某人自己免受……伤害
3.turn off关闭
4.be (un)likely to do sth (不大)可能做某事
5.move away from远离
6.attend to处理，照料
7.Earthquakes occur without any warning and may be so violent
(剧烈的) that you cannot run, so the main point is to try not to
move and to immediately protect yourself as best as possible
wherever you are.
地震在没有任何预兆的情况下发生,并且可能非常剧烈,以至于你无法
奔跑。所以重点是不管你在哪儿,尽量不要移动,并立即尽可能地保护
好你自己。
8.If your building is badly damaged, you should leave it until it
has been inspected (检查) by a safety professional.
如果你的房子严重受损,你应该在安全员检查之前离开它。
语言知识梳理
练习册
答案速查【导】
答案速查【练】
1.slide vi. & vt. (slid, slid) (使)滑行;滑动;逐渐降低
(1)slide down 沿着……滑落
slide into 偷偷溜入;不知不觉养成习惯/染上毛病
slide away 溜走
(2)on the slide 在下滑中；在衰落中
【佳句背诵】
(1)If you walk too fast on this icy path, you may slide and get
injured.
如果你在这条结冰的小路上走得太快，你可能会滑倒并受伤。
(2)It's too easy to slide into a bad habit but difficult to get out
of it.
养成坏习惯太容易了,但改掉却很难。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Although the government has taken some measures, the
tourism industry is still ____ the slide due to various factors.
on
②Although it was very cold outside, the children were having
fun sliding ______ the snowy hill, their laughter ringing in the
air.
down
③As the meeting started, she quietly _____ (slide) into the
room, hoping not to draw attention to herself.
slid
◆完成句子
④Worried about being punished by my father, I quickly
____________ and pretended to be asleep. (读后续写之动作描写)
担心受到爸爸的惩罚,我迅速地钻进被窝,假装睡着了。
slid into bed
⑤Resting her head on my shoulder, she softly sobbed with
_____________________________.(读后续写之表情和动作描写)
她把头靠在我的肩膀上,轻轻地啜泣着,泪水顺着脸颊滑落下来。
tears sliding down her cheeks
2.flood n. 洪水;大量 vi.淹没;大量涌入 vt. 使灌满水;淹没;充斥;挤满
(1)flood in/into 大量涌入
flood out of 蜂拥而出
flood over (sb)/back (感觉或回忆)涌上(某人)心头
come flooding back (回忆)涌上心头
(2)a flood of (=floods of) 大量,大批
in floods of tears 大哭
(3)flooded adj. 被水淹没的
be flooded with 有大量……的,充斥着……的
【佳句背诵】
(1)When the gates opened, people flooded into the stadium,
eager to watch the exciting game.当大门打开时，人们涌入体育场，
渴望观看这场激动人心的比赛。
(2)Sitting by the fireplace, she was flooded with memories of
her childhood winters spent with family.坐在壁炉旁，她心中满是
童年时与家人一起度过的冬日回忆。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①As soon as the gates opened, people began to flood _______
the stadium to watch the concert.
②The river burst its banks and the road _____________ (flood)
just because of a sudden heavy rain yesterday.
③Standing on the riverbank, he watched the water rushing by,
_________ (flood) the fields downstream.
into/in
was flooded
flooding
◆完成句子/句式改写
④A sense of joy _____________ him when he finally completed
the challenging project that he had been working on for
months.(读后续写之情感描写)
当他终于完成了那个他已经为之努力了数月的具有挑战性的项目时，
一种喜悦之情涌上他的心头。
flooded over
⑤［2021·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷读后续写］She hugged the caring
twins tightly and ________________________________.
→She hugged the caring twins tightly, _______________________
_________.(用with复合结构改写)
她紧紧地抱住贴心的双胞胎,双眸满是泪水。
her eyes were flooded with tears
with her eyes flooded with tears
3.damage n. 损坏;损失 vt. 损害;破坏;伤害
do/cause damage to sb/sth 对……造成损害
【佳句背诵】
Fires followed the earthquake for three days, causing more
damage than the earthquake itself.
地震发生后,大火持续了三天,造成的破坏比地震还要多。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①To prevent further damage ____ the environment, we should
encourage the use of public transportation and reduce the
number of private cars on the road.
to
②They stared at the __________ (damage) bridge, wondering
how they would cross the river.
③It's reported that many a house ______________ (damage) by
the typhoon, which struck the city last week.
damaged
was damaged
◆完成句子
④The wildfire spread rapidly through the forest, consuming
everything in its path and _________________________ the
natural environment.
野火在森林中迅速蔓延，烧毁了沿途的一切，给自然环境造成了极
大的破坏。
causing great damage to
⑤________________________________ was so serious that many
people were left homeless and businesses were forced to close.
洪水造成的破坏如此严峻，以至于许多人无家可归，企业被迫关闭。
The damage caused by the flood
4.destroy vt.摧毁;毁灭
(1)destroy one's hope/confidence/career
摧毁某人的希望/信心/事业
be destroyed by fire/a bomb/an earthquake
被大火/炸弹/地震摧毁
(2)destruction n. ［U］毁灭;消灭;破坏
【佳句背诵】
The ancient castle that had stood for centuries was destroyed
by the powerful earthquake, which left the local people
heartbroken.
那座屹立了几个世纪的古老城堡被强烈的地震摧毁了，这让当地人
民心碎不已。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The government ordered an airlift of medical and food
supplies to the disaster area because the roads _______________
(destroy).
were destroyed
②The fierce storm hit the coastal town, ___________ (destroy)
many streets and houses, which made the residents face great
difficulties in rebuilding their lives.
destroying
③Many species are in danger of extinction because of our
___________ (destroy) of their natural habitat.
destruction
◆完成句子
④The little children and helpless mother, _____________________
______________ by the fire, sat in silence, eyes filled with
sadness.(读后续写之情感描写)
家被大火烧毁的小孩子和无助的母亲静静地坐着，眼里满是悲伤。
whose home had been destroyed
⑤I watched in pain as runners rushed by me. Even though I
knew _____________________________________________, I had to
finish the race. (读后续写之个人经历)
我痛苦地看着跑步者从我身边冲过去。尽管我知道我成为冠军的梦
想破灭了,但我必须完成比赛。
my dream of being a champion was destroyed
5.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动
(1)be affected by 受……的影响;被……感动
be affected by/infected with 感染……疾病
(2)affection n. 喜爱
show/have/feel (much/a great)affection for…
(非常)喜欢……,(非常)喜爱……
(3)effect n. 影响
have an effect/influence on/upon… 对……产生影响
【佳句背诵】
(1)With the government's aid, those affected by the earthquake
have moved to the new settlements.
在政府的帮助下,那些受地震影响的人已经搬到了新的定居点。
(2)She was deeply affected by his kindness, which made her
realize the importance of helping others.
她被他的善良深深打动，这让她意识到帮助他人的重要性。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The teacher's words had a profound effect _________
the students, who were inspired to work harder and pursue
their dreams.
on/upon
②It is his deep _________ (affect) for his family that drives him
to work hard and provide a better life for them.
③Worried about the exam results, he couldn't sleep well,
_________ (affect) his performance the next day.
affection
affecting
◆完成句子
④［2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达］She is an ordinary teacher who
loves her work and ______________________________________.
她是一位平凡的老师,热爱自己的工作,对学生表现出极大的关爱。
shows a great affection for her students
⑤［2021·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷应用文写作］In summary, the English
newspaper Youth __________________________________________.
I ___________________________ the countless moving stories in it.
总之,英文报纸《青春》对我的影响很大,我常常深深地被其中无数感
人的故事感动着。
affects me greatly/has a great effect on me
am often deeply affected by
6.shelter n.遮蔽物;避难处;居所;庇护 vi. 躲避(风雨或危险) vt. 保护;掩蔽
(1)a shelter from… 躲避……的地方
give sb shelter for the night 给某人提供过夜之处
under sb's/sth's shelter (=under the shelter of…)
受到……的保护;在……的庇护下
(2)shelter from the rain/wind/sunlight 避雨/风/阳光
shelter sb from sth 使免受……的伤害
【佳句背诵】
(1)The hikers found a small cave that served as a shelter from
the sudden rainstorm in the mountains.
徒步旅行者找到一个小山洞，作为躲避山中突如其来的暴风雨的庇
护所。
(2)During the storm, we found a small cave to shelter from the
heavy rain and strong winds.
在暴风雨中，我们找到一个小洞穴来躲避大雨和强风。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①［2024·浙江1月考］When was the last time you used a
telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call—not to
shelter ______ the rain.
from
②Children _______ the shelter of their parents are likely to be
spoiled.
under
③___________ the homeless during the winter, the local
government set up temporary(临时的) ________ and provided
warm clothing and food.(shelter)
To shelter
shelters
◆完成句子
④____________________________ in a small cave, they pressed
close for warmth, their eyes filled with a mixture of fear and
hope.(读后续写之场景描写)
他们在一个小山洞里躲避着凛冽的寒风，紧紧依偎在一起取暖，眼
中充满了恐惧与希望。
Sheltering from the icy wind
⑤The kind-hearted villagers decided to ______________________
__________ the night in their community hall.
善良的村民们决定在他们的社区大厅为这位迷路的旅行者提供过夜
的地方。
give the lost traveller shelter for
练 习 册
Ⅰ单词拼写(每小题1分，满分8分)
1.The plane narrowly avoided the ________ (灾难) when one of
the engines cut out on take-off.
disaster
2.The timely rain after a long time of _________(旱灾) will
certainly make it possible for crops to grow well.
drought
3.The river burst its banks and ________ (淹没) the surrounding
fields.
flooded
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4.Unluckily, many farmhouses in the town were completely
__________ (摧毁) in the recent floods.
destroyed
5.The car, whose handbrake wasn't very reliable, began to
______ (滑行) backwards.
slide
6.The policeman failed in _________ (营救) the boy from
drowning even though he tried his best.
rescuing
7.The accident caused some _________ (损坏) to my car, but
there was nothing serious.
damage
8.Their houses are in ruins, so they have to live in a _______
(避难所) for the moment.
shelter
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ⅱ单句填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1.The old man used to sit in the shade of the big tree,
__________ (shelter) from the sunlight.
sheltering
2.There were 325 traffic accidents and five _______ (death)
involving delivery drivers during the first half of 2019.
deaths
3.The little girl was thought to have been killed, but she
_____________ (rescue) by someone actually.
was rescued
4.The town ______________ (destroy) in the war, but the library
remained.
was destroyed
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5.The students who were in the old classroom building
_________________________ (evacuate) quickly when the fire
alarm went off.
evacuated/were evacuated
6.With the help of the government, those who ______________
(affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
were affected
7.It is believed that Pompeii was ruined by volcanic __________
(erupt) when many of the people in the city were still in their
dreams.
eruption
8.The river broke through its banks, _________(flood) the
country for many miles around.
flooding
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9.An earthquake is one of the most severe _________ (disaster)
that cause huge losses to human beings.
disasters
10.Your father is angry because you have done damage ____
the flower beds.
to
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅲ短语填空(每小题2分，满分8分)
1.Hearing the scream for help, we quickly ___________________
(来救他) and pulled him out of the river.
came to his rescue
2.The 5·12 earthquake ______________________ (对……造成破坏)
Sichuan, leaving many people homeless at the very beginning.
did/caused damage to
3.The workers wore masks to _______ their eyes ______
(使……免受……) the glare of the fire.
shelter
from
4.The school _______ (建立)a special programme last year to
help students with learning difficulties.
set up
1
2
3
4
Ⅳ阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A［2025·福建三明两校协作高一第二次联考］
For the past few years, I've taken my vacation in the spring.
One April I planned to visit a friend in Nepal who had lived in
the country for over 15 years.
I flew into Kathmandu and spent a week visiting sites, and
on Friday, April 24, 2015, we went to Lukla, a mountain town
to the northeast. My friend had worked there before.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
We visited a nearby village on Saturday. We were served a
delicious pancake and endless cups of milk tea; villagers made
small talk and caught up with each other. After a couple of
hours, my friend and I made a polite exit (离去) for a coffee
break across the dirt path to our lodging, a house he had lived
in while working in Lukla years ago.
As we sat in the kitchen taking a rest, I wondered why it
felt like an underground was running under the village. As the
sound started to shake, I looked out of the window at the
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
passers-by and thought it felt like a truck was driving by—
impossible in this village. I looked at my friend and he said
offhandedly: “It's an earthquake.” Before I could ask questions,
he began shouting to get out of the house. By the time I was
running down the dirt path, I couldn't run straight.
Away from buildings, we lowered our bodies near a low
wall, and unbelievably before our eyes, walls and buildings fell.
In front of us the end wall of the house we slept in
collapsed(倒塌), the stones dislodged (移开)and falling to the
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
ground. In a matter of seconds, every house in the village was
damaged, with walls either seriously cracked, or completely
damaged.
In the days and weeks that followed we checked in with
friends and shared stories of where we were and what we were
doing. The event was so wide-reaching that it was difficult to
understand except through personal stories.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己在尼泊尔遭遇地
震的经历。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )1.What did the author do in Nepal
A.He visited his friend.
B.He tried to look for a job.
C.He built a house for villagers.
D.He moved to a village to enjoy life.
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段中“One April I planned to visit a
friend in Nepal who had lived in the country for over 15 years.”
以及第二段中“I flew into Kathmandu and spent a week visiting
sites, and on Friday, April 24, 2015, we went to Lukla, a
mountain town to the northeast.”可知，作者去尼泊尔拜访了他的
朋友，两人一起在尼泊尔游玩。故选A项。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )2.Which of the following can best describe the villagers
A.Shy. B.Bored. C.Friendly. D.Humorous.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段中“We visited a nearby village on
Saturday. We were served a delicious pancake and endless cups
of milk tea; villagers made small talk and caught up with each
other.”可推知，那个村子里的人们都很友善、热情。故选C项。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )3.What happened when the author stayed in the kitchen
A.He was injured by a collapsed wall.
B.An earthquake struck the village.
C.A truck drove by the village.
D.He missed the train.
√
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[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中“As we sat in the kitchen
taking a rest, I wondered why it felt like an underground was
running under the village. As the sound started to shake, I
looked out of the window at the passers-by and thought it felt
like a truck was driving by—impossible in this village. I looked
at my friend and he said offhandedly: ‘It's an earthquake.’”可知，
当作者待在厨房时，地震袭击了这个村庄。故选B项。
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( )4.What can we infer about the village in Paragraph 4
A.It was left empty. B.It was quite peaceful.
C.It was badly damaged. D.It was attractive to visitors.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第四段中“In front of us the end wall of
the house we slept in collapsed(倒塌), the stones dislodged
(移开)and falling to the ground. In a matter of seconds, every
house in the village was damaged, with walls either seriously
cracked, or completely damaged.”可推知，村庄在地震中严重受损。
故选C项。
√
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B［2025·浙江台金七校联盟高一期中联考］
Standing on the ruins after the fire where his house had
been, Peter Ruprecht recognized that he was not sure how or
when to rebuild it. He was still shocked by what Australia's
increasingly changeable climate had already delivered: first a
drought, then a destructive bush fire, then a foot of rain from a
storm.
“It's unstoppable,” said Mr Ruprecht, a former dairy farmer.
“We speak about the warmth of Mother Nature, but nature can
also be vicious and wild and unforgiving.”
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Australia's hellish (地狱般的) fire season has come to an
end, but its people are facing more than a single disaster. With
floods destroying homes not far from where fires recently
spread, they are facing a cycle of what scientists call “compound
extremes”: one climate disaster strengthening the next.
Warmer temperatures do more than just dry out the land.
They also heat up the atmosphere, which means clouds hold
more moisture (水汽) for longer periods of time. So droughts
get worse, giving way to fires, then to heavy rain that the land
is too dry to take in.
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Many Australians in disaster areas complain that their
government, after paying little attention to climate change for
years, has not yet to draw up recovery plans that are clear and
that take future risks into consideration.
At the same time, the economic costs of a changing
climate are rising quickly. Philip Lowe, the governor of the
Reserve Bank of Australia, warned recently that Australia was
already paying a price, and that it would only go up.
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚一系
列极端气候灾难，包括它的成因、危害及造成的经济成本等。
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( )5.Peter Ruprecht is mentioned in the beginning ________.
A.to arouse readers' pity B.to introduce the topic
C.to stress the problem D.to call on readers to help
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Standing on the ruins after
the fire where his house had been, Peter Ruprecht recognized
that he was not sure how or when to rebuild it. He was still
shocked by what Australia's increasingly changeable climate had
already delivered: first a drought, then a destructive bush fire,
then a foot of rain from a storm.”可知，文章开头提到Peter
Ruprecht是为了引出话题：澳大利亚的气候灾难。故选B项。
√
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( )6.Which word can replace the underlined word “vicious”
in Paragraph 2
A.Graceful. B.Balanced. C.Responsible. D.Cruel.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中的“We speak about the
warmth of Mother Nature, but nature can also be vicious and
wild and unforgiving.”可知，vicious应与wild“狂野的”和
unforgiving“无情的”意义一致。由此可知，vicious意思是“残酷的，
野蛮的”。故选D项。
√
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( )7.What is the main cause of “compound extremes” in
Australia
A.Government inaction. B.Warmer temperature.
C.The shortage of money. D.No recovery plans.
√
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7
8
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Warmer temperatures do
more than just dry out the land. They also heat up the
atmosphere, which means clouds hold more moisture (水汽) for
longer periods of time. So droughts get worse, giving way to
fires, then to heavy rain that the land is too dry to take in.”
(气温升高不仅仅使土地干涸。它们还会加热大气，这意味着云在更
长的时间内保持更多的水分。因此，干旱变得更加严重，引发火灾，
然后是土地太干燥而无法吸收的大雨。)可知，是温度升高导致了复
合极端情况。故选B项。
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( )8.Where is the text probably from
A.A guidebook. B.A travel journal.
C.A news report. D.A book review.
√
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[解析] 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Standing on
the ruins after the fire where his house had been, Peter
Ruprecht recognized that he was not sure how or when to
rebuild it. He was still shocked by what Australia's increasingly
changeable climate had already delivered: first a drought, then a
destructive bush fire, then a foot of rain from a storm.”可知，全
文描述了澳大利亚的极端气候灾难，它的成因、危害以及造成的经
济成本等，属于报道。所以，该文章应出自一篇新闻报道。故选C项。
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Ⅴ语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
［2025·湖北省普通高中联盟高一期中］
The China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR)
1.____________ (form) in 2001 and is now made up of several
hundred rescue workers and about 20 sniffer dogs. The team
brings help and hope to those 2._______ lives are changed by
a storm, flood, earthquake, or any other natural disaster.
After long and careful training, the team went on its first
international rescue missions in 2003. That year the Chinese
was formed
whose
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team helped save lives after earthquakes in Algeria and Iran. It
was the first time that a Chinese team had worked outside
China and the team won high praise 3.____ their bravery and
skill. Since then, the CISAR 4._______________ (complete) many
missions. The list of people to whom help has been given is
long. The team treated more than 3，000 people 5.________
(injure) in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia and spent 3 months
6._______ (give ) aid to over 25,000 victims of the 2010 floods
in Pakistan.
for
has completed
injured
giving
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Rescue workers are trained to find people, treat injuries,
and hand out food, water, and other supplies. They have to be
able to do work that is difficult under conditions which can be
7.___________ (danger). Even they also bury 8.____ dead. Rescue
workers must have big 9._______ (heart), too. It takes a lot of
love and courage 10._______ (risk) one's own life to save
someone else's.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国国际救援队
的一些情况。这个团队为那些生活因风暴、洪水、地震或其他自然
灾害而改变的人们带来了帮助和希望。
dangerous
the
hearts
to risk
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1.____________
was formed
[解析] 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。the China International Search
and Rescue Team (CISAR)与动词form之间为被动关系，且由in
2001 可知，这里时态应用一般过去时，主语为第三人称单数形式。
故填was formed。
2._______
whose
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词是those，在从句
中作定语，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
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3.____
for
[解析] 考查介词。win praise for为固定搭配，意为“因……赢得赞
誉”。故填for。
4._______________
has completed
[解析] 考查时态和主谓一致。the CISAR与complete之间为主动关系，
再由since then可知，这里时态应用现在完成时，主语为第三人称单
数。故填has completed。
5.________
injured
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处用非谓语动词，3，000 people与动词
injure之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填injured。
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6._______
giving
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth为固定搭配，
意为“花时间做某事”。故填giving。
7.___________
dangerous
[解析] 考查形容词。在系动词be后作表语，应用形容词。故填
dangerous。
8.____
the
[解析] 考查冠词。“the+形容词”表示一类人。the dead意为“死者”。
故填the。
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9._______
hearts
[解析] 考查名词复数。heart在此处为可数名词，且由rescue
workers可知，应用名词复数形式作宾语。故填hearts。
10._______
to risk
[解析] 考查动词不定式。it作形式主语，真正主语为后面不定式 to
risk one's own life to save someone else's，因此填不定式形式。
故填to risk。
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Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Period one Listening and Speaking
导学案
语言知识梳理
词汇点睛
1.①on ②down ③slid ④slid into bed ⑤tears sliding
down her cheeks
2.①into/in ②was flooded ③flooding ④flooded over
⑤her eyes were flooded with tears; with her eyes flooded
with tears
3.①to ②damaged ③was damaged ④causing great
damage to ⑤The damage caused by the flood
4.①were destroyed ②destroying ③destruction
④whose home had been destroyed ⑤my dream of being a
champion was destroyed
5.①on/upon ②affection ③affecting ④shows a great
affection for her students ⑤affects me greatly/has a great
effect on me; am often deeply affected by
6.①from ②under ③To shelter; shelters ④Sheltering from
the icy wind ⑤give the lost traveller shelter for
练习册
课内基础巩固
Ⅰ 1.disaster 2.drought 3.flooded 4.destroyed 5.slide
6.rescuing 7.damage 8.shelter
Ⅱ 1.sheltering 2.deaths 3.was rescued 4.was destroyed
5.evacuated/were evacuated 6.were affected 7.eruption
8.flooding 9.disasters 10.to
Ⅲ 1.came to his rescue 2.did/caused damage to
3.shelter; from 4.set up
课后素养提升
Ⅳ 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.B 8.C
Ⅴ 1.was formed 2.whose 3.for 4.has completed 5.injured
6.giving 7.dangerous 8.the 9.hearts 10.to risk
