To-infinitives as subjects and predicatives
一．指出下面句子中不定式所做的成分。
1.As a real foodie, I enjoy all kinds of foods. My dream is to try different restaurants and taste various foods.
2.Yesterday I invited some friends to try a great new restaurant for dinner.
3. We arrived at the restaurant, only to see a huge line of people waiting to get into the restaurant.
4.Nothing can stop our determination to have a try. We decided to wait outside.
5. After an hour of waiting, we were invited to go into the restaurant and take the order.
6.The dishes are extremely delicious. It is worthwhile to have such a long wait.
根据第1,6句，我们可以知道：
1）To-infinitives可以做 ，通常跟在 动词之后。
2） To-infinitives 在句子中还可以做 ，为了保持句子平衡，通常把To-infinitives放在句末，用 做形式主语。
动词不定式做主语
1.动词不定式具有名词特征，可充当 。（做主语时谓语动词用 ）
（see）is to believe.
眼见为实。
(say) is one thing and to do (be) another.
说是一回事，做又是另一回事。
注：单个不定式作主语时，谓语动词用 ；两个及以上不定式作主语时，谓语动词用 ；但作为 时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Where to go on a holiday and when to go for the holiday (decide).
到哪里去度假以及何时去度假还没有决定。
Where and when to go on a holiday (decide).
到哪里去，何时去度假还没有决定。
2.动词不定式做句子的主语时可以用形式主语 代替，将不定式置于 ，
平衡句子结构。
it做形式主语常见句型有：
It is a great honour （invite）to your family.
被邀请到你家做客真的是太荣幸了。
句型1：
It takes a long time home-cooked meals.
在家做饭准备环节需要花很长时间。
句型2：
It is nice you so many tasty dishes for us.
你为我们做了这么多美味的菜真的是太好了。
It is useful us .
在当今社会，我们学会做饭还是很有用的。
句型3：
3.动词不定式做句子的主语时, 若其后面需要用动词作表语时，则作表语的动词也最好使用不定式形式，保持形式一致 (to do is to do)
救我也是救你自己。
4.动词不定式做句子的主语时, 会有时态、语态的变化。
It is a great honor for me (invite) here today.
今天我很荣幸被邀请到这里。
Her birthday party is (hold) next Friday.
她的生日将于下周五举行。
动词不定式做表语
1.动词不定式做表语用在 等之后。
有几个问题有待解决。
2.“特殊疑问词+不定式”也可以用作表语
问题是如何实施这项计划。
3.当All 或what引导的主语从句中有实义动词 do （以及do的其他形式时， 作表语的不定式通常要省略to, 即“ ”
All you should do now is (devote) yourself to studying hard.
你现在应该做的事就是投入到刻苦的学习当中。
Practice:
1.However, cooking seems (be) challenging for me.
然而，烹饪对于我来说还有点挑战性。
2. It remains (see) if I can cook a couple of dishes.
是否我能学会做几个菜，以后见分晓。
不定式综合练习
1. Her husband and she are now at work on a new dictionary_______________(publish) next year.
2. ___________(finish) this job in one day is impossible.
3.Frankly speaking, I would rather _______________ (give) up the job than_______________ (do) something illegal.
4. The thief was seen_______________ (break) into the house, and the people called the police.
5.While many young kids are keen on watching cartoons, little Jack prefer ___________ (collect) coins.
6. The next step is ___________ (make) sure that you know exactly what is required.
7.Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made_______________ (cry) by his little sister.
8.Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman scientist _______________ (award) the Nobel Prize.
9.Medical teams are reported _______________ (send) to isolated villages to help people fight against the cold snap in Europe.
10. He was the first_______________ (arrive) at the end of the line.
11. It is crucial _________ (step) up international cooperation to minimize the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on economic growth.
12. The boss forbids his employees _______________ (use) mobile phones during working hours.
13. That is the only way we can imagine ___________ (reduce) the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.
14.______________ (accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents.
15. The flu is believed ______________ (cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
16. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _____________ (breathe).
17. With the work ____________ (finish) in just a few hours, I had no time to argue with them.
18. This kind of laptops is easy ____________ (operate). No wonder it is popular among middle-aged users.
Writing.
Imagine your friend Tom has taken you out to dinner at Sky Buffet. Write a thank-you note to your friend, offering to return the favour by inviting him or her to your home for dinner next weekend. Remember to use to-infinitives. Use the expressions in B3 on page 7 to help you.
Dear Tom:
Yours,
MaryTo-infinitives as subjects and predicatives
一．指出下面句子中不定式所做的成分。
1.As a real foodie, I enjoy all kinds of foods. My dream is to try different restaurants and taste various foods.
2.Yesterday I invited some friends to try a great new restaurant for dinner.
3. We arrived at the restaurant, only to see a huge line of people waiting to get into the restaurant.
4.Nothing can stop our determination to have a try. We decided to wait outside.
5. After an hour of waiting, we were invited to go into the restaurant and take the order.
6.The dishes are extremely delicious. It is worthwhile to have such a long wait.
根据第1,6句，我们可以知道：
1）To-infinitives可以做表语 ，通常跟在be动词之后。
2） To-infinitives 在句子中还可以做主语，为了保持句子平衡，通常把To-infinitives放在句末，用it做形式主语。
动词不定式做主语
1.动词不定式具有名词特征，可充当主语。（做主语时谓语动词用单数形式）
To see （see）is to believe.
眼见为实。
To say (say) is one thing and to do is (be) another.
说是一回事，做又是另一回事。
注：单个不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；两个及以上不定式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但作为一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Where to go on a holiday and when to go for the holiday have not been decided (decide).
到哪里去度假以及何时去度假还没有决定。
Where and when to go on a holiday has not been decided (decide).
到哪里去，何时去度假还没有决定。
2.动词不定式做句子的主语时可以用形式主语it代替，将不定式置于句末，
平衡句子结构。
it做形式主语常见句型有：
It is a great honour to be invited（invite）to your family.
被邀请到你家做客真的是太荣幸了。
句型1：It is + n.(a pity, a shame, an honour …) to do sth
It takes a long time to prepare for home-cooked meals.
在家做饭准备环节需要花很长时间。
句型2：It takes sb some time/money… to do sth
It is nice of you to make so many tasty dishes for us.
你为我们做了这么多美味的菜真的是太好了。
It is useful for us to learn how to cook.
在当今社会，我们学会做饭还是很有用的。
句型3：It is + adj.+ for/of sb to do sth.
3.动词不定式做句子的主语时, 若其后面需要用动词作表语时，则作表语的动词也最好使用不定式形式，保持形式一致 (to do is to do)
救我也是救你自己。
To save me is to save yourself.
4.动词不定式句子的主语时, 会有时态、语态的变化。
It is a great honor for me to be invited (invite) here today.
今天我很荣幸被邀请到这里。
Her birthday party is to be held (hold) next Friday.
她的生日将于下周五举行。
动词不定式做表语
1.动词不定式做表语用在 seem, appear, remain, prove, turn out 等之后。
Several problems remain to be settled.
有几个问题有待解决。
2.“特殊疑问词+不定式”也可以用作表语
The question is how to carry out the plan.
问题是如何实施这项计划。
3.当All 或what引导的主语从句中有实义动词 do （以及do的其他形式时， 作表语的不定式通常要省略to, 即“前有do, 后无to”
All you should do now is devote (devote) yourself to studying hard.
你现在应该做的事就是投入到刻苦的学习当中。
Practice:
1.However, cooking seems to be (be) challenging for me.
然而，烹饪对于我来说还有点挑战性。
2. It remains to be seen (see) if I can cook a couple of dishes.
是否我能学会做几个菜，以后见分晓。
不定式综合练习
Her husband and she are now at work on a new dictionary to be punished (publish) next year.
To finish (finish) this job in one day is impossible.
Frankly speaking, I would rather give (give) up the job than do (do) something illegal.
The thief was seen to break (break) into the house, and the people called the police.
While many young kids are keen on watching cartoons, little Jack prefer to collect (collect) coins.
The next step is to make (make) sure that you know exactly what is required.
Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry(cry) by his little sister.
Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman scientist to be awarded (award) the Nobel Prize.
Medical teams are reported to have been sent (send) to isolated villages to help people fight against the cold snap in Europe.
He was the first to arrive (arrive) at the end of the line.
It is crucial to step (step) up international cooperation to minimize the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on economic growth.
The boss forbids his employees to use (use) mobile phones during working hours.
That is the only way we can imagine to reduce (reduce) the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.
To be accepted (accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents.
The flu is believed to be caused (cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good to breathe (breathe).
With the work to be finished (finish) in just a few hours, I had no time to argue with them.
This kind of laptops is easy to operate (operate). No wonder it is popular among middle-aged users.
Writing.
Imagine your friend Tom has taken you out to dinner at Sky Buffet. Write a thank-you note to your friend, offering to return the favour by inviting him or her to your home for dinner next weekend. Remember to use to-infinitives. Use the expressions in B3 on page 7 to help you.
Dear Tom,
I am writing to thank you for taking me to Sky Buffet. It was so kind of you to invite me and book a table by the window. It was wonderful to see the city scenery and watch the beautiful sunset. I have always wanted to give Sky Buffet a try, and it certainly lived up to my expectations! Do you have any arrangements next weekend My plan is to invite you over to my home for dinner next Saturday. The view won’t be as good as at Sky Buffet but I would like to cook you something special to thank you.
Yours,
Mary
