高中英语语法专练 第十二章 主谓一致 导学案（无答案）-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

第十二章 主谓一致
i.并列主语的主谓一致
1.主谓一致的三原则
1)语法一致的原则:主语和谓语的数在语法形式上是一致的。
2)就近原则:谓语动词与离其最近的主语在数上保持一致。
3)意义一致的原则:在意义上主语和谓语动词的单复数是保持一致的。
2.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。但当并列主语指的是同一人或物、同一事情或同一概念时，动词用单数形式。
常见的指同一人或事物的并列主语有:cart and horse, war and peace, needle and thread,coffee and milk, bread and butter, law and order, watch and chain, iron and steel, fork and knife, all work and no play, science and technology, truth and honesty 等。3.冠词在并列主语中的用法
1)在“并列修饰语+单数名词"结构中,并列主语指同一人或事物时共用一个冠词,主语为单数。
2)and连接两个带冠词的名词时,主语为复数,指不同的人或事物。
4.当结构是and+ not时,谓语与and前的主语- -致。
5.当and连接的并列主语前分别由each, every, no, many a等修饰时,谓语用单数。但是，当each放在并列主语之后作同位语时，谓语不受影响。6.由both..and连接两个并列主语时,谓语用复数。
7.由not only..but (also), no...but, either..or, neither..nor, or连接主语时,谓语的数根据就近原则而定。
8.在疑问句或主谓倒装句子中，谓语与前一个主语一致。
9.由疑问副词并列构成的主语从句,不管疑问词有多少,谓语一律用单数。
专项练习
( ) 1. Writing stories and poems what I enjoy most.
is B. are C. was D. were
( ) 2. The factory director and chief engineer an experienced person.
A. is B. are C. am D. was
( ) 3. Not only you and I but Peter, the top student in our grade not able to solve the problem.
are B. were C. is D. am
( ) 4. Neither Jane nor her brothers a consent form for tomorrow's field trip.
A. need B. needs C. is needing D. has need
( ) 5. Today there a number of telephone calls from the applications for the position.
have been B. is having C. has been D. are to have
( ) 6. Many a boy to swim before he can read.
A. learn B. are learning C. have learnt D. learns
( ) 7. Not only the whole nation, but the whole Europe, indeed the whole human society to alter its attitude to racial problems.
need B. needs C. has a need D. have a need
( ) 8. It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he use the tools that .
make him a scientist B. made him to be a scientist
C. make him to be scientist D. makes him a scientist
( ) 9. The play writer and director promised to attend our tea party.
A. have B. has C. are D. is
( ) 10. The Premier and the Foreign Minister . present at the state banquet last night.
are B. was C. were D. had a
( ) 11. Every policeman and fireman on the alert.
have been B. was C. are D. were
( ) 12. The linebacker and captain of the team the most valuable player.
have been selected B. has been selected
C. have selected D. has selected
( )13. either he or his accountants going to claim for the loss
Are B. Were C. Is D. Does
( ) 14. There not only the earth but also eight other planets in the solar system.
are B. were C. is D. was
( ) 15. Either your teacher or you mistaken.
are B. is C. has D. be
( )16.Not only I but Tom and Mary fond of watching television.
am B. is C. are D. be
( ) 17. Bacon and scrambled eggs the standard American breakfast.
is B. are C.is to be D.are to be
( ) 18. When and where to build the new factory yet.
A. has not been decided B. are to decide
C. has not decided D. have not decided
( )19.It is not I but Mr.Green who in charge of the company.
is B. am C. are D. will.
( ) 20. The editor and writer to join our seminar.
is to be invited B. are to be invited
C. is to invite D. are to invite
ii.名词作主语
1.形式是单数,意义是复数的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如: people, cattle, police,youth等。
2.单复同形的集体名词作主语,如: group, class, team, family, nation, population, public,party, crew, company, union, staff, couple, committee, crowd, firm, orchestra 等,根据意义一致原则决定谓语的数。
3. Chinese, French, mathematics, statistics, electronics, economics, politics, linguistics,optics等表示语言或学科的单词作主语时,谓语动词用作单数。
Chinese, Japanese, French, English 表示某国人时,根据意义一致的原则决定谓语的数。
4. works (工厂),means (方法) series (系列), deer( 鹿), sheep(绵羊)根据所暗示的数来决定谓语的数。
5.以-s结尾的表示由成对部分组成的物体的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如trousers,glasses, scissors, pants等。如果这些词与a pair of, a couple of连用，动词的数与pair,couple的数保持-致。
6. clothes, goods, wages, stairs, taxes, earnings, belongings, savings, leavings 作复数用，其后面的谓语动词要用复数。
7. news, music, equipment, luggage, information, furniture, advice, progress等不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
专项练习
( )1.The news a great blow to her when she heard it.
A. Is B. are c. were D. was
( )2.The crew standing in different parts of the ship at that moment.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
( ) 3. Mathematics a very important subject.
A. Was B. is C. are D.were
( ) 4. The government hoping to make their findings known soon.
A. Is B. has been C. are D. be
( ) 5. The committee among themselves for four years.
has been arguing B. has been argued
C.have been arguing D. have been argued
( ) 6. The auxiliary police to report for duty at the headquarters
are required B. required
C. is required D. will required
( ) 7. Politics one of the subjects that taught in the middle school.
A. are; are B. is; are C. shall; is D. were; are
iii.复数形式的专有名词作主语
1.表示国家城市、机构、组织的专有名词一般视为单数,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
2.某些表示群岛、山脉、瀑布的专有名词往往作复数用，作主语时谓语动词用复数。
3.以复数形式出现的表示书籍、报纸、杂志的专有名词一般视为单数,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
4.以复数形式出现的表示同姓的一家人或同名、同姓的若干人的名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。
专项练习
( ) 1. The United Nations in New York City.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
( ) 2. The Philippines in the Pacific Ocean.
A. Is B. are C. was D. were
( ) 3. His “Selected Poems” first published in 1957.
A. Is B. was C. are D. were
( ) 4. My "Times" lost yesterday.
A. Is B. are C. was D. were
( ) 5. The Smiths to America on holiday.
A. Are B. have gone C. goes D. has gone
iv.“名词+短语"作主语
1.主语之后带有as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than等短语时,谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致。
注意:“more than+名词”作主语,谓语动词的数与名词的数保持-致。
2.主语之后带有with, along with, together with, like, but, except, besides, including, in addition to, accompanied by, without, plus 等介词短语时,谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。
专项练习
( ) 1. More than a dozen students in that school abroad to study medicine last year.
sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent
( ) 2. Asia as well as other continents very rich in natural resources.
A. has B. have C. are D. is
( ) 3. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
work B. working C. is working D. are working
( ) 4. The teacher together with her students part of the week in the laboratory.
work B. have to work C. works D. worked
( ) 5. Mathematics as well as physics always me a lot of headaches.
has caused B. are causing C. cause D. causes
( ) 6. Nobody but Smith and John in the lab yesterday.
are B. had been C. were ; D. was
( ) 7. I turn to you as my hope. If you fail me, then my honor as well as my position forever lost.
A. be B. are C. is D. was
( ) 8. Janet as well as the other young people who sent abroad by the government
brought up in the small town.
A. was; was B. was; were C. were; were D. were; was
( ) 9. Mary, along with her parents, to Paris.
A. have moved B. has moved
C. are moving D. have been moving
( ) 10. The president, together with his wife and daughter, to arrive on the evening flight.
will be B. is C. are going D. are
( ) 11. Nobody but you what he has said.
agree to B. agrees to C. agree with D. agrees with
( ) 12. E-mail as well as telephone more and more popular in daily communication.
A. have become B. become C. are becoming D. is becoming
( ) 13. The audience, as well as the chairman, deeply moved by the speech being given by the teacher.
A. was B. were C. are D. is
v. what从句作主语
1.一般来说，按照语法-致原则,谓语动词要用单数形式。
2. what 从句中动词是并列谓语,表示复数意义,主句中的谓语动词用复数。
3. what从句作主语,有时候主句的谓语动词与从句表语一致。如果主句的表语是复数,主
句谓语动词用复数,否则用单数。
专项练习
( ) 1. In modern society, what we need badly law and order.
was B. were C. are D. is
( ) 2. What they have done useful to the people.
A. are considered B. is considered
C. have been considered D. will be considered
( ) 3. What the man said under the oath by several other witnesses.
was disputed B. were disputed
C. disputed D. be disputed
( )4.What I'm in need of_ money.
is B. are C. was D. were
( )5.What he wants to get some books.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
vi.定语从句中的主谓一致
1.一般情况下,关系代词作从句主语时,从句谓语动词应和先行词在数上保持一致。
2.集体名词作先行词,被视作一个整体时,关系代词用which,从句谓语用单数;被视作若干个体的组合时,用who作关系代词，谓语动词用复数;常见的集体名词有:family,audience, class, club, government, union, staff, team, couple, committee, crowd, crew,firm, public, orchestra, company等。
3.先行词是“one of+复数名词”时,从句谓语动词用复数。
如果先行词是“the right/just the/ the only/the very/exactly the+ one of+复数名词”时,谓语动词用单数。
4.强调句型中,形式主语it后面总是接单数is/was;强调主语时,从句谓语动词与被强调主语部分的数保持一致。
专项练习
( ) 1. She is the only one of the students who praised.
were B. was C. has D. have been
( ) 2. He is the only one of the brightest students who from New York University.
is graduated B. have graduated
C. has graduated D. are graduated
( ) 3. Here is a message of importance to every man and woman who
votes B. vote C. have voted D. is voted
( ) 4. He is one of the speakers who ideas perfectly clear.
A. make his B. makes his C. make their D. make one's
( )5.Each one of us who now living in this city is destined to witness the remarkable Olympic Games.
is B. were C. has been D. are
( ) 6. Those who have applied for the post in the office.
are being interviewed B. will interviewed
C. are interviewed D. to be interviewed
( )7.It is not I but Mr.Green who in charge of the company.
A. is B. am C. are D. will be ;
( )8.l,who your sincere friend, have never doubted the reason you were late for my birthday party.
is; why B. am; which
C. am; why D. is; which
( ) 9. Mr. Brown is the only one of our regular customers who to pay in cash.
like B. has liked C. likes D. have liked
( ) 10. The museum he paid a visit at the end of the street.
A. stand B. stands C. to stand D. to stands
vi.其他情况
1.当名词中心词为表示度量、时间、距离、金钱、重量、容量等的复数名词作主语,表示一个整体概念时,谓语动词用单数,强调个体意义时谓语动词用复数。
2.当主语由“all/some/ any/enough/most/percent/half+of+名词”构成时，谓语动词的数与名词的数保持一致。
当all, some, any, enough, most, percent, half 单独作为主语时,根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数。
3.主语由"kind/series/ sort/ type/pile of+名词”构成时,谓语动词的数与修饰名词的kind,series, sort, type ,pile等的数保持一致。
但是,当主语由“名词+of this kind(sort,type等)”构成时,谓语动词的数与名词的数保持一致。
4.“an umber of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。“the number of+复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
5.“majority/portion/ part/percentage/the rest/分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数与of后面的名词的数保持一致。
如果中心词是one, 后面跟由in, out of, of引导的介词短语,谓语动词用单数。
6.“one and a half+复数名词”或“a/an+名词+ and a half"短语作主语,谓语动词用单数。7.“the+形容词/分词"作主语,表示一类人，谓语动词用复数;表示某个人、物或抽象概念时,谓语动词用单数。
8.表示前后照应关系的词组，如the above, the below, the former, the latter, the following,the rest等,应根据其所指对象来决定谓语动词单复数的形式。
9.“a great/good many+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
“many a+名词”作主语, 谓语动词用单数。
10.“a great deal of/a lot of/lots of/ plenty of/a little of/a large amount/a large quantity of等+不可数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
“quantities of/amounts of+名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数。
11.由and连接两个或两个以上的不定式或动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
12.表示抽象意义的不定式、分词、名词从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
13. population 作主语,谓语动词的数根据意义而定。
14.由there, here引导的句子，谓语动词的数应采用就近原则。
15.不可数名词前如果有表示数量的复数名词作定语,谓语动词用复数。
如“millions of tons of/hundreds of boxes of+不可数名词”。
one, another, little, a little, either, much 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
以-one, -body ,-thing结尾构成的不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
18. both, few, a few, several, many, others 等作主语,谓语动词用复数。
19.表示加减乘除的句式,谓语动词用单数。
20. savings, belongings, taxes, earnings, leavings, wages 等作主语,谓语动词用复数。
21. such 作主语,谓语动词的数根据意义一致的原则决定。
( ) 1. As a result of destroying the forests, a large of desert covered the land.
number; has B. quantity; has
C. number; have D. quantity; have
( ) 2. More than a dozen students in that school abroad to study medicines last year.
A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent
( ) 3. With the development of social economy, of the citizens in that village in big flats.
close to 80 percents; live B. nearly 80 percentage; live
C. close to 80 percent; live D. nearly 80 percentages; live
( ) 4. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen comfortably .
is worn B. wear C. wears D. are worn
( ) 5. When and where to build the new factory yet.
A. has not been decided B. are to decide
C. has not decided D. have not decided
( ) 6. We don't think that another five days necessary for us.
is B. has been C. are D. have been
( ) 7. The number of the cars made in our factory this year in yours.
is more than that B. are more than those
C. are larger than those D. is larger than that
( ) 8. Several of the cups in the set in delivery.
was smashed B. was smashing
C. were smashed D. were smashing
( ) 9. Collecting stamps as a hobby increasingly popular during the past ten years.
A. becomes B. became
C. has become D. have become
( ) 10. Ten percent of the men on the field of battle calling for medical assistance that just is not available at the present time.
is laid B. are lying C. are laid D. are laying
( )11.On his desk a computer, a fax machine and a couple of phones.
have B. has C. is there D. is
( ) 12. The nation wants peace; only a minority the war to continue.
A. want B. wants C. wanted D. has wanted
( ) 13. There one or two things that I have to mention.
is B.are C. has D. have
( ) 14. Ten minutes ideas perfectly clear.
make his B. makes his
C. make their D. make one's
( ) 15. .The first part of the lecture was interesting but the rest
A. was dull B. were dull
C. had been dull D. were too dull(
( ) 16. Every means tried but without much result.
has been B. have been C. are D. is
( ) 17. Half of the audience foreigners.
was B. were C. had been D. has been
( ) 18. Another three weeks necessary for us to finish the work,
are B. was C. is D. will have been
( ) 19. Plenty of fruits, eggs and vegetables needed for health,
A. are B. is C. is being D. have
( ) 20. Today there a number of telephone calls from the applicants for the position.
A. have been B. is having C. has been D. are to have
( ) 21. To listen to fine music and to have stimulating conversation with good friends, two pleasures in life.
is B. are C. was D. has been
( ) 22. Of particular interest to visitors a large number of bookstores that sell books in different languages.
A. have been B. are C. is D. were
( ) 23. A large number of English learners the language with the help of software these days.
is learning B. has learned C. are learning D. learn
( ) 24. Those are mine; the rest yours.
is B. will be C. are D. belong to
( ) 25. More than one guest invited to the dinner party.
were B. was C. has D. have
( ) 26. One and half apples left on the table.
has B. have C. is D. are
( ) 27. Ten percent of the workers in this city now on strike.
is B. are C.is to be D. are to be
( ) 28. Three fourths of the surface of the earth covered with the sea.
are B. is C. has been D. am
( ) 29. Most of the population in the village under-nourished in the past.
is B. are C. was D. were
( ) 30. Writing the stories and poems what I enjoy most.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
综合练习
用括号里所给词的正确形式填空。
Not only I but also Jane and Mary (be) tired of having one examination after another.
A library with five thousand books (offer) to the nation as a gift.
3. When and where to build the new factory (not decide) yet.
4. The number of people invited (be) fifty, but a number of them (be) absent for different reasons.
5. Two fifths of the land in that district (be) covered with trees and grass.
6. Between the two rows of trees (stand) the teaching building.
7. All that can be done (do) .
8. They each (have) a new dictionary.
9. Seven tenths of the students here (finish) school from abroad.
10. Three fifths of the task assigned to us (finish) today.
11. Only one third of the desks in the school (repair) .
12. More than 60 percent of world's radio programmes (be) in English.
13. Those who (not hand) in their compositions, please hand them in this afternoon.
14. Jane is one of the best students in her class who (praise) by their teacher.
15. The whole class (listen to) the teacher attentively now.
16. The subject of physics (have) always interested him.
17. The United States of America (be) one of the most developed countries in the world.
18. Her blindness to her children's faults (be) quite extraordinary.
19. In winter wet clothes (often hang up) near a fire.
20. Nobody (allow) to smoke in the cinema.
21. The air in big cities (often make) very dirty by factories.
22. The rest of the magazines (sell out) within half an hour.
23. A large number of the students in our class (be) girls.
24. The Chinese people (be) hard-working and brave.
25. All (be) present and all. (be) going on well." Our teacher said.
26. The League secretary and monitor (be) asked to make a speech at the meeting.
27. Mary as well as her sisters (study) Chinese in China this summer.
28. He played on the sands for two hours and when he returned he found half his goods
(be) stolen.
29.I, who (be) your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study.
30. The rich (be) not always happy.
31. John has two brothers, but either (be) out of work now.
32. The police (search) for the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
33. More than 50 percent of the people of that country (live) in the countryside.
34. Apples of this kind (taste) good.
35. Your trousers (be) dirty, you must have them washed.
36. Where there (be) rubbish, there are flies.
37. The Olympic Games (be) held every four years.
38. Many a man (have) come to help us.
39. No one but her parents (know) it.
40. He is the only one of the students who (be) elected.
41. Alice, together with two boys, (punish) for having broken the rule.
42. The results of the examination (show) that you have all made great progress.
43. Two dollars (be) a good enough price for this book.
44. Many people say 10,000 dollars (be) a lot of money.
45. No bird and no beast (see) in the lonely island.
46. All the scientific evidence ( show) that the increasing use of chemicals in farming(be) damaging our health.
47. You are the one who (be) wrong that Susan is one of those people who (go)out of their way to be helpful.
48. The basketball coach, as well as his team, (be) interviewed shortly after the match for，their outstanding performance.
49. One third of the country (be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens
(be) black people.
50. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which (be) saved for other purposes.