高中英语语法专练 第十章 虚拟语气 导学案（无答案）-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

第十章 虚拟语气
i.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
主/从句 时间 条件从句 主句
过去 had十过去分词 would (should/ could/ might)
have+过去分词
现在 过去式(be用were) would (should/could/ might)
十动词原形.
将来 过去式should/were to+动词原形 would (should/ could/ might)
十动词原形
1.虚拟语气用于if条件句中,主、从句的谓语动词的相应形式参见上表。
2.虚拟语气用于错综时间条件句中,主、从句动作发生的时间不一致,这时主、从句动词的
形式应根据句意或时间来调整,选用适当的虚拟形式。
3.如果条件句中包含有一个助动词情态动词、动词be或have,有时可以把if省略掉,但这时要把助动词、情态动词、动词be或have放在主语前。
4.表示“若不是"之意时，可以用如下两种句型:
If it weren't for..=but for...意为“若不是(对现在情况的假设)”。
If it hadn't been for..=but for...意为“当时若不是(对过去情况的假设)”。
5.在含蓄条件句中，可以用有些介词( with, without, but for)、 连词(or, otherwise, but, however)、不定式短语、名词短语或陈述句表示虚拟的条件。
专项练习
( ) 1. Mr. Brown_______a house if he had enough money.
will buy B. would buy C. bought D. has bought
( )2.But for John,we_______the match last week.
would have lost B. would lose C. had lost D. lost
( ) 3. If the child hadn't been so tired, he_______asleep so quickly.
will not have fallen B. will not fall
C. would not have fallen D. had not fallen
( ) 4. The Smiths_______a lovely garden if they did some work in it.
will have B. would have C. have D. have had
( ) 5. If you learned to swim, you_______safer in the water.
A. will feel B. felt C. would feel D. feel
( )6.It_______a good match if it
A. would have been; hadn't rained B. will be; hadn't rained
C. would have been; shouldn't rain D. will have been; didn't rain
( ) 7. If Mother_______you were coming, she'd have baked some cakes.
has known B. will know C. had known D. would know
( ) 8. Peter_______a rich man today if he_______more careful in the past.
A. is; had been B. was; were
C. Will be; should be D. would be; had been
( )9.If I were to do this work,I_______it in my own way.
would do B. do C. will do D. did
( ) 10. If the plane crashed, we_______.
would all kill B. will all be killed
C. would all have been killed D. would all be killed
( ) 11._______more carefully, she wouldn't have made so many mistakes.
A. If she listened B. If she listens
C. If she has listened D. Had she listened
( ) 12. If he had taken my advice, he_______a scientist now,
will be B. is C. has been D. would be
( )13. _______, we would have visited the museum then.
If it does not rain B. Should it not rain
C. Had it not rained D. If it has not rained
( ) 14. Should it stop raining, I_______for a walk.
had gone B. went C. would have gone D. would go
( ) 15. he try again, he might be successful.
A. Could B. Might C, Must D. Should
( ) 16. If the teacher hadn't explained it to me, I_______ the problem so well.
A. would never be understood B. had never understood
C. would never have understood D. will never have understood
( ) 17. - -Why didn't you buy that dictionary
- -I _______if I had had enough money.
would B. would have C. have bought D. had bought
( ) 18. If Jane hadn't missed the early train, she_______on time, but she was late.
will arrive B. would arrive
C. would have arrived D. had arrived
( )19._______, he would be surprised,
Were Tom to see you B. Were Tom see you
C.If Tom is to see you D. If Tom has seen you
( ) 20. But for your help, I._______the place.
can't find B. cant have found
C. couldn't have found D. haven't found
( )21. _______I known he needed money so badly, I might have managed to help him.
A. Unless B. When C. If D. Had
( ) 22.______， I wouldn't do that.
A. If1 am in your place B. Were I in your place
C. If I have been in your place D. If1 am to be in your place
( ) 23._______， I should paint the room white.
If1 have been you B. If I would be you
C. If I will be you D. If I were you
( ) 24. If you were offered a trip to the moon,_______you_______it
will; accept B. are; going to accept
C. do; accept D. would; accept
( ) 25. - -Alice, why didn't you come yesterday
- -I_______, but I had an unexpected visitor.
had B. would have C. was going to D. B or C
ii.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
1.在表示一“坚持”(insist),二 “命令”(order, command),三" 建议" (suggest, propose, advise),四“要求"(ask, require, request, demand)等动词的宾语从句中表示虚拟，其从句谓语用“( should) +动词原形”。
2.注意:
1)在这些从句中,通常不省略that。
2) suggest 作“暗示,表明”讲时, insist作“坚持认为”讲时,后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
专项练习
( ) 1. My uncle suggested that ______
got B. would C.should get D. must get
( ) 2. They insisted that a meeting______as soon as possible.
A. be held B.was held C.must be held D.hold
( )3.She ran as if she______wings on her feet.
had B. has C.has had D.is having
( ) 4. I'd rather you______ that.
don't B. won't do C. hadn't done D. haven't done
( )5.I wish the train______so late; then I could have got home before breakfast.
A. hadn't arrived B. didn't arrive C. wouldn't arrived D. mustn't arrive
iii.虚拟语气用于同位语从句和表语从句中
1.在表示建议要求、命令、遗憾、主张、怀疑、惊奇等词的同位语从句中和表语从句中,从句
谓语用“should+动词原形”。
2.常见的这类名词有suggestion, order ，advice, idea, plan, pity，proposal等。
3.常见的这类形容词有necessary , essential, strange，natural, urgent, funny , important等。
4.以动词的过去分词充当的这类形容词有suggested, requested, ordered, proposed, decided,recommended等。
5.在It's (high) time that... 句式中，用过去式或should do表示;should不能省略。
专项练习
( ) 1. It is essential that every child______the same educational opportunities.
A. has B. could have C. have D. had
( ) 2. The workers are working hard to meet the request that the railway______to traffic on May 1.
is open B. will be open c. be open D. must open
( ) 3. lt's necessary that a student______English well.
A. learns B. learn C. must learn D. learned
( ) 4. The teacher made a suggestion that students______more opportunities to practise oral English.
were given B. had been given C. should give D. be given
( ) 5. It's necessary that the students______ take notes in class.
should B. must C. would D. are to
( ) 6. We are all for Mary's suggestion that the discussion______.
is put off B. puts off C. to be put off D. be put off
( ) 7. It is the teacher's suggestion that every student______an English dictionary.
has B. have C. had D. having
( ) 8. He gave orders that the prisoners ______free.
are set B. were set C. set D. be set
( ) 9. I think it's high time you______action.
take B. took C. are taking D. will take
( ) 10. It is time______.
A.we go to bed B. he goes to bed c. we went to bed D.he go to bed
iv. wish 从句中的虚拟语气
1. ..wish that..had done表示过去。
2. ..wish that..did/were 表示现在。
3. ..wish that..were doing表示现在正在进行。
4. ..wish that...were to/ should/could/might/would+do表示将来。
专项练习
( )1.I wish she.______to see my parents more often.
A.has come B.is coming C. will come D. would come
( ) 2. She often wishes that she______a horse. .
A. can rode B. can ride C.could rode D.could ride
( )3.How I wish I______a university student and______at university now!
am; study B. were; were studying
C.was; study D. were; studied
( )4.I wish the train______already; then I could have got home before breakfast.
A. had arrived B. arrives C. would arrive D. arrived
( ) 5. -Is your father a model worker
-No, but how he wishes he______.
am B. had been C. were D. was
( )6.I wish I______ to repair the bike, for I only made it worse.
had tried B. hadn't tried C. tried D. didn't try
( ) 7. His hair is very long, His parents wish he______it cut.
will have B. has C. had D. would have
( ) 8. lt is too noisy. I wish you______down the radio at once,
will B. would turn c. are to turn D. can turn
( )9.I wish I______the meeting last week.
could attend B. attended C. have attended D. had attended
( ) 10. -Have you been to Beijing
- No, but I wish I______.
A. have B. will C. do D. had
v. If only..！和as if/ as though引出的从句中虚拟语气的用法
1. If only..had done表示过去。
2. If only..did were表示现在。
3. If only..were/ was+ doing表示现在进行。
4. If only..were to/ could/would/ might could+动词原型，表示将来。
5. ..as. if..had done表示过去。
6. ..as if..did/were表示现在。
7. ..as...if..were doing表示现在进行。
8. as if引导的从句有时用陈述语气,表示有根据的推测。
9. ..were to/ could/would/ might/ should+动词原形,表示将来。
专项练习
( )1.If only______speak French now!
A.Could B. can C. may D. might
( )2.If only he______the doctor's advice!
Followed B. had followed C. follows D. follow
( ) 3. If only it______now.
is snowing B. Snows C.snowed D.were snowing
( )4.He looked as if he______himself for years.
hasn't washed B. doesn't wash C. wouldn't wash D.hadn’t washed
( ) 5. John talked as if he______all the work himself, but in fact Harry and Lily did most of it.
A. Did B. had done C. has done D. do
vi.在would rather/prefer/sooner和but that 后引出从句时虚拟语的用法
1. would rather/refer/sooner..were/did表示将来。
2. would rather/ prefer/ sooner..had done表示过去。
3. but that表达“若不....之.意引出从句时,主句要用虚拟语气: would have done表示过
去; would do表示现在或将来;would be doing表示现在进行。
4.在lest, for fear that, in case引出的从句中,用“(should)+动词原形”,表达“为了不……以免……”之意时,从句用“should+动词原型"的虚拟语气, should可以省略。
5.表达祝愿的句型有:
1)省略主语,动词用原形。2)May+主语+动词原形。
6. otherwise 或or (否则,不然)所引导的从句中常用虚拟语气。
专项练习
( ) 1. I'd rather you______that.
Don’t B. won't do C. hadn't done D. haven't done
( ) 2. I'd rather my son______to university right now.
go B. went C. will go D. goes
( )3.I_______you much money, but that I______you lacked money then.
could lend; didn't know B. could have lent; don't know
C. could have lent; didn't know D. would have lent; don’t know
( ) 4. Here is a shilling in case you______it.
should need B. might need C. need D. A or B
( )5. ______there never be another world war!
Can B. May C. Must D. Will
( )6.______prosperous and strong!
Let your country become B. Hope your country become
C. May your country become D. Your country it becoming
( ) 7. They must have liked the apartment otherwise they______so long.
wouldn't have stayed B. wouldn't stay
C. didn't stay D. won't stay
( ) 8. He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he______ to the meeting.
would come B. came C. should come D. would have come
( ) 9. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion; otherwise, she______something she would regret later.
had said B. said C. might say D. might have said
( ) 10. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, or he______a goal.
A. had scored B. scored
C. would score D. would have scored
综合练习
用括号里所给词的正确形式填空。
1.I wish I ______(be) a young man again.
2. The librarian insists that John______(take) no more books from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed.
3.I do not have a job.I would find one but I______(have) no time.
4. He insisted that we all______(be) in his office at one o'clock.
5. -Helen couldn't go to France after all,
-That's too bad, I'm sure she would have enjoyed it if she______(go).
If her husband had not liked the dress she______(return) it.
7. But for the leadership of our Party, we______ (not succeed) .
8. If you hadn't gone with Tom to the party last night, you______ (meet) John already.
9. The teacher suggested that each student______ (make) a plan for the vacation.
10. Frankly, l'd rather you______ (not do) anything about it for the time being,
11. lt's high time you ______(start) to work.
12. We required that the machine parts______(make) of cast iron.
13. I wish our teacher______(not go) to give another test. I haven't got prepared yet.
14. It is required that the machine______ (oil) as frequently as necessary.
15. His English teacher's recommendation is that he______(begin) a regular degree program.
16. What do you think of his proposal that improvements ______(make) in the old type of vacuum cleaner
17. The doctor's advice is that the patient______ (not tell) about his real physical condition.
18. If we had been more careful, we______(get) much better results.
19. Sally can't have written to me, or I ______(get) the letter by now.
20. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I______ (have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
21. If my car_______ (be) more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
22. We______(face) the difficulty together, but why didn't you tell me
23. Don't handle the vase as if it ______(be) made of steel.
24. If we______( not make ) adequate preparations, the conference wouldn't have been so successful.
25. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we______ (visit) more places of interest yesterday.
26. Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she______ (live) there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
27. They______(arrive) at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
28. -Where are the children The dinner's going to be completely ruined,
- I wish they______ (not be) always late.
29.Maybe if I ______(study) science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
30. I______(come) sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.
31. -I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
-How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone______( steal) it.
32. - -Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
- -I______(attend) it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
I______(not go) through that bitter period without your generous help.
34. It ______(not be) the postman at the door. lt's only six o'clock.
35. We______(put) John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury,