2025高考英语真题分类阅读理解说明文议论文专题复习练习题（含答案与解析）

2025高考英语真题分类阅读理解说明文议论文专题复习练习题
Passage 1
（2025年全国一卷）While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Br mmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1
A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C. People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
29. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do
A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity.
C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible.
30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s
A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective.
C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks.
31. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Why the Rush B. What’s Next
C. Where to Stay D. Who to Blame
Passage 2
（2025年全国一卷）Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph
A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept.
C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics.
33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water
A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time.
C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water.
34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4
A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem.
C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water.
35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about
A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study.
C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings.
Passage 3
（2025年全国二卷）When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body.
“Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”
If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says.
8. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started
A. It faced tough competition. B. It suffered a great loss.
C. It got lots of financial support. D. It went surprisingly well.
9. What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants
A. They appeal more to students. B. They purify the environment.
C. They raise the cortisol level. D. They enhance productivity.
10. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers
A. The necessity of social skills. B. The meaning of sustainability.
C. The importance of repeated efforts. D. The value of professional opinions.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood
C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home
Passage 4
（2025年全国二卷）Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away.
For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.
A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion.
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.
Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
12. What can be inferred about the author’s early life
A. He witnessed food shortage. B. He enjoyed the local cuisine.
C. He donated food to Africans. D. He helped to cook at home.
13. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment
A. To customize dishes for guests. B. To make the public aware of food waste.
C. To test a food processing method. D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Why the ingredients were used. B. Which dishes were best liked.
C. What the dishes were made of. D. Where the ingredients were bought.
15. What can we learn about wastED
A. It has ended as planned. B. It is creating new jobs.
C. It has regained popularity. D. It is criticized by top chefs.
Passage 5
（2025年1月浙江卷）A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.
The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads.
It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth.
The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular pared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.
28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean
A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from.
C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of.
29. Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced
A. To control weeds in large gardens. B. To bring in foreign species of plants.
C. To conserve soil and water resources. D. To develop low-maintenance parkland.
30. Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens
A. Traditional. B. Odd-looking.
C. Tasteful. D. Well-protected.
31. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A. The future of gardening is WILD. B. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS.
C. Matrix gardens need more CARE. D. Old garden plots work WONDERS.
Passage 6
（2025年1月浙江卷）As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to make them genderless. “People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics.
In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.” It was found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices.
While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender.
Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she.”
Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles — a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance.
32. What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless
A. To reduce stereotypes. B. To meet public demand.
C. To cut production costs. D. To encourage competition.
33. What were the participants probably asked to do in the study
A. Design a product. B. Respond to a survey.
C. Work as assistants. D. Take a language test.
34. Why is it difficult to create genderless objects
A. They cannot be mass-produced. B. Naming them is a challenging task.
C. People assume they are unreliable. D. Gender is rooted in people’s mind.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A. The quality of genderless products. B. The upside of gendering a product.
C. The meaning of anthropomorphism. D. The stereotypes of men and women.
Passage 7
（2025年北京卷）Not too long ago, on a cold winter night, there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no. The teenager was advocating for her right to scroll (翻屏) for an extra 30 minutes. The parent argued that none of her friends’ parents let them have screens after 9 o’clock. “I thought, in this family, we don’t compare ourselves with other people, Dad ” the teenager replied. The parent — who was me, by the way — just got served. Since they were young, I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people. I have argued countless times that comparisons are the “thief of joy”.
Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy.
Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they can be harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work. The social comparisons we make — ones that lead us to feel good or bad about ourselves — are vital to our ability to thrive (成长). Science provides a guide we can use to harness the way we perform these comparisons to reduce their negative emotional impacts.
Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of motivation, for example, “If they can achieve that, so can I.” Comparing yourself with someone who is doing worse than you could result in fear and worry if you think about how you could fall into similar circumstances, or it can draw out feelings of gratitude and appreciation if you use that comparison to broaden your views — for example, “Wow, things could be much worse; I’m doing great.”
What I wish I taught my daughter earlier are these nuances. How we feel about ourselves rests not just on whom we compare ourselves with but also on how we think about that comparison. That’s something we all have control over.
28. How did the author feel about his daughter’s argument
A. Excited. B. Inspired. C. Energized. D. Relieved.
29. What does the word “nuances” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean
A. Major achievements. B. Complex feelings.
C. Significant impacts. D. Fine differences.
30. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Become a Healthy Habit
B. Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties
C. Social Comparisons Can Get Us into Emotional Trouble
D. Social Comparisons Can Be Controlled by Science
Passage 8
（2025年北京卷）The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better.
For many years psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone’s values, beliefs, goals and social roles. Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives.
Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when we begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and, to a varying extent, the story’s author. People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life satisfaction, too.
Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. He discovered that whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person’s mental health. Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. “People could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth,” says Johnson. His research shows that this is often missing for people with mental health conditions. The good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change our own story.
Lisa Green, another researcher, sounds a few notes of caution (谨慎). For instance, hearing about the power of redemptive (拯救性的) stories, many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events. She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud.
If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”. Contrary to popular doubt, resolutions made on I January are more effective for this reason. So, whether your goal is saving money or getting fit, there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny (命运).
31. What can be inferred about personal stories
A. They are unrelated to health. B. Consistent ones lead to stress.
C They are relevant to happiness. D. Thematic ones hold back change.
32. What can we learn from this passage
A. Talking about gains from failure is negative. B. New Year resolutions are well received.
C. The West tends to overvalue optimism. D. Social roles fail to be highlighted.
33. What does the author mainly do in this passage
A. Clarify a goal. B. Analyse an event.
C. Make a comparison. D. Illustrate an approach.
34. What is the passage mainly about
A. How self-identity works. B. How story-tellers are made.
C. How personal stories raise doubts. D. How timing affects personal identity.
模拟试题
Passage 1
（2025·福建福州·名校高三下学期5月适应性联考）Go to any movie theater or sports venue, and it’s obvious there’s an invisible bond that forms from laughing, crying, and simply feeling while brushing shoulders with others. Researches have long backed up this sense of connection, but some aspects of the phenomenon remained unclear. Now, a new study is offering insight.
Writing in the journal Royal Society Open Science, Victor Chung of the cole Normale Supérieure in France and his team reported how they examined the matter by inviting strangers to watch videos together in same sex pairs.
Pairs of strangers watched three types of videos together: positive, negative, and neutral with a curtain between them that was either open or closed. At the start of the experiment the researchers asked each participant whether they’d like to meet the other member of their pair again. After watching each video, participants reported their emotions and feelings of connectedness, and after seeing all three videos they were asked once again about their feelings towards the other participant.
The results showed the emotional films generated stronger responses than the neutral film. Crucially, the team said participants’ feelings of connectedness within the pairs was boosted when they experienced more intense emotions. However, this was only the case when participants watched the films with the curtain between them open. The researchers said that whether or not the pairs could see each other had no impact on how positively or negatively they felt about the films.
“We found that silently watching emotional films together with another individual is associated with social bonding, even when this person is a stranger and without any verbal communication,” said Chung, the study author.
The team added that the findings may help explain why people seek out group activities that generate strong emotions, “even participating in sad memorials that cause negative emotions.” In other words, because emotion bonds us, and humans have a fundamental desire to belong, we’re up for experiences one might think we’d naturally want to avoid.
28．What can we learn about the research method of Victor Chung’s team
A．They invited pairs of strangers of different genders to watch videos.
B．Participants watched the videos without any physical barriers between them.
C．Participants were asked about their feelings only once during the experiment.
D．They compared participants’ responses to three types of videos with different emotional tones.
29．According to the study, which of the following factors most affects the sense of connectedness between participants
A．The type of the video they watched.
B．Whether they could see each other during watching.
C．The intensity of emotions the video aroused.
D．The order in which they watched the videos.
30．What can be inferred from the underlined sentence “this was only the case when participants watched the films with the curtain between them open” in Paragraph 4
A．Watching videos with the curtain closed had no effect on participants’ emotions.
B．Visual contact was a necessary condition for the enhancement of connectedness.
C．Participants felt more positive about the films when they could see each other.
D．The presence of a curtain between participants influenced their emotional responses to the films.
31．What is the main idea of the passage
A．To introduce a new study on how group activities strengthen social bonds.
B．To analyze the reasons why people prefer certain types of group activities.
C．To explain the impact of different emotional experiences on social bonding.
D．To prove that silent watching of emotional films promotes social connection.
Passage 2
（2025·东北三省四市·教研联合体模拟预测）You’re probably aware that your coffee drink or bakery is loaded with sugar. But did you know that large amounts of added sugar are also in your breakfast cereal (谷类食物), dairy-free milk alternative and even takeout fried chicken
“Americans are simply consuming too much sugar,” says Frank Hu, a professor of nutrition. Most people consume three times the recommended daily limit of sugar. And it’s not just a harmless habit.
Even if you’ve gotten the message that too much sugar isn’t good for your health and are taking steps to cut back, like switching to “low-sugar” baked goods and diet soda, you haven’t solved the issue and you may have created a new problem.
Since the 1990s, aspartame (阿斯巴甜代糖也称人工甜味剂) has been widely used as a sugar substitute (替代品) in products such as diet drinks, yogurt and breakfast cereal. But the sweetener has come under thorough examination following a July 2023 statement from the International Agency for Research on Cancer that officially classified aspartame as “possibly carcinogenic (致癌的) to humans.”
So what’s the answer Ultimately, we need to rethink our relationship with the sweet stuff. For the most part, the sugars that naturally occur in an apple, a sweet potato or a glass of milk aren’t an issue. It’s the sugar introduced during the manufacturing of a jarred pasta sauce or when you stir a spoonful of sugar into your coffee, for example, that’s harming your health.
When you eat or drink something with added sugar, your blood sugar and insulin (胰岛素) rise sharply. On the other hand, when you chew a bowl of fresh berries, the whole fruit contains fiber and other compounds that slow how quickly the sugar is digested, so your blood sugar doesn’t rise in the same way.
Definitely, consuming not only less added sugar but also sugar substitutes over time is bound to make your life a whole lot sweeter.
8．What can we probably infer in paragraph 1
A．The writer shows his own puzzle. B．People ignore an issue about sugar.
C．People take action to give up sugar. D．Bakery has less sugar than dairy-free milk.
9．Which food or drink may do less harm to our health in the text
A．Breakfast cereal. B．Diet drinks. C．Coffee drink. D．A sweet potato.
10．Why do people fail to consume less sugar
A．More sugary snacks are produced. B．Foods without sugar pose more health risks.
C．Sugar substitutes exist in many foods and drinks. D．Compounds in sugar are reported to be carcinogenic.
11．Which is the most suitable title according to the text
A．Aspartame Should replace sugar B．The Bitter Truth About Sugar
C．Keep Away From Sugar D．Sugar Talks Sweetly
Passage 3
（2025·东北三省四市·教研联合体模拟预测）Many of the astronauts going up to space are among the smartest people on the planet. However, a new NASA study has found a surprising effect of space travel — it may actually slow down the human brain.
Contrary to what you might expect, researchers discovered that while space travelers orbit the Earth, they experience some temporary mental slowdowns, including processing information slower and difficulties with attention and memory.
Luckily, the study also finds spending months in space doesn’t permanently scramble (打乱) an astronaut’s cognitive (认知的) abilities. Their overall brain performance remains remarkably resilient (有适应力的).
The study examined 25 professional astronauts who spent an average of six months aboard the International Space Station. Scientists tracked their cognitive performance through a series of rigorous (谨慎的) tests designed to measure everything from processing speed to memory and attention. “We show that there is no evidence of any significant cognitive impairment or neurodegenerative decline in astronauts spending six months on the ISS,” explains Dr. Sheena Dev, the study’s lead researcher, in a media release.
So what exactly changed Think of it like your brain running in “low power mode”. Astronauts completed tasks just as accurately as they would on Earth, but they took slightly longer to process information. Processing speed, working memory, and attention were the most affected cognitive fields — similar to how you might feel after a stressful day without enough sleep. The most interesting but unusual finding is how quickly the brain adapts. Some performance changes, like slower attention spans, were only noticeable early in the mission. Others, like reduced processing speed, took a bit longer to return to normal after the astronauts returned to Earth.
These insights are more than just scientific curiosity. As humanity looks toward ambitious missions to the Moon and Mars, understanding how the human brain responds to extreme environments becomes crucial. This research provides a baseline for future space explorers, helping mission planners predict and reduce potential cognitive challenges.
12．How may astronauts perform during space travel
A．They take longer to respond to the tasks. B．They complete tasks as quickly as on earth.
C．Their cognitive abilities are damaged heavily. D．They spend years recovering their physical health
13．What does the underlined word “impairment” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Improvement. B．Damage. C．Development. D．Change.
14．What can we learn from the passage
A．Astronauts’ cognitive abilities remain stable wherever they are.
B．Astronauts’ performance in space is much worse than that on Earth.
C．Astronauts’ attention spans were always slower in the space.
D．Astronauts’ brain performance can return to normal later
15．What does the last paragraph mainly about
A．The later plans for space missions. B．The development of cognitive study.
C．The significance of the study. D．The future of space exploration.
Passage 4
（2025·山东德州·三模）In The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Jane Jacobs challenged the longstanding practice of centralized urban planning, which treated cities as places requiring order through controlled centralization. Jacobs rejected this mindset by emphasizing her three basic principles: local knowledge, decentralized decision-making, and the spontaneous (自发的) urban order.
Jacobs argued that urban planning should prioritize the lived experiences of residents over abstract expertise, but conventional planners often relied on statistical models and aesthetic (审美的) ideals, ignoring the practical knowledge of city inhabitants. The East Harlem Housing Project was a typical example of this disconnect. While officials celebrated its modernist towers and expansive lawns, residents criticized its isolation and lack of community integration. When local residents’ needs conflicted with central planners, the resolution all too often fell in favor of the “experts”.
Jacobs knew that decentralized planning was the best way to make the most of local knowledge. The urban planner’s best course of action is to allow individuals to create their own plans drawing on their unique preferences and local knowledge, helping build and maintain the spontaneous orders making urban life work. It concerns the natural order emerging from decentralized planning: sidewalks that help keep streets safe, diverse residential and commercial uses, and self-governing communities.
The spontaneous orders are the result of human action. By allowing individuals to organize themselves in relation to one another, natural urban orders emerge as flexible frameworks, empowering individuals to shape their environments according to local contexts, mirrored in New York City’s 1811 Grid Plan, which provided a flexible foundation for diverse, adaptive development over centuries and enabled residents to make choices about housing, commerce, and public spaces while respecting the complexity of urban life.
Jacobs stood up to centralized urban planning and celebrated the wisdom of average people. Now, she has laid the groundwork for an urban revolution to come.
12．What did Jacobs think of as a vital element in urban planning
A．Ideas from relevant experts. B．Human-environment unity.
C．Preference of urban planners. D．Aesthetic of decision-makers.
13．What made the East Harlem Housing Project a target for public criticism
A．Lack of spacious living area. B．Existence of old-fashioned buildings.
C．Layout of functioning areas. D．Reliability of the local knowledge.
14．What does the fourth paragraph focus on
A．The role of social interaction.
B．The complexity of urban planning.
C．The need of changing the local culture.
D．The limitation of the spontaneous orders.
15．What’s the best title of the passage
A．The Rise of Centralized Urban Planning
B．Jane Jacobs and Her Impact on American Cities
C．Urban Planning: Its Past, Present, and Future
D．Jane Jacobs: Challenging Traditional Urban Planning
Passage 5
（2025·湖北武昌·高三5月质量检测）People have been enjoying staring out of the window of the plane for a spectacular view for over a century. That’s why you may be surprised to learn that for decades, aircraft designers have been considering planes with video screens instead of passenger windows.
In 2014, for example, the UK-based Centre for Process Innovation (CPI) uncovered a design for such a windowless airliner. In 2022, Dubai-based airline Emirates released Boeing 777s equipped with “virtual windows”. But Emirates has no plan for a windowless airliner.
However, an aircraft producer does aim to go windowless. For the past few years, a privately owned Boston-based company, Spike Aerospace, has been working to develop the Spike S-512, an 18-passenger business jet. Instead of usual small glass windows, there will be a pair of 20-foot-long -meter) digital video screens that will stretch the length of the cabin (机舱) on either side of the aircraft. Multiple high definition cameras on the outside of the plane will provide 4K video, which the aircraft will sew together, using special software developed by Spike Aerospace.
“Removing conventional glass windows from planes has other advantages as well, “Spike Aerospace president and CEO Vik Kachoria says. For example, it would be possible to reduce noise from the engines. It also would strengthen the aircraft and make it safer. “Wherever you have a hole is a structural weakness,” he said. If passengers are not interested in the view, they also will be able to use the screens to do other things. You can watch videos or even get hands on office software.
Kachoria envisions delivering the first jet without passenger windows in 2025. Initially, only people wealthy enough to afford a private jet will be able to enjoy Spike Aerospace’s windowless flying experience. But Kachoria expects that the innovative technology eventually will find its way into regular airliners as well.
8．Why are CPI and Emirates mentioned
A．To demonstrate their market dominance. B．To compare different aircraft technologies.
C．To show early efforts for windowless planes. D．To explain the challenges of windowless design.
9．What is the main focus about Spike S-512 in Paragraph 3
A．Its size. B．Its design. C．Its producer. D．Its construction.
10．What is special about Spike Aerospace’s digital video screens
A．They reduce engine noise levels. B．They display exterior landscapes.
C．They remove structural weakness. D．They enable document processing
11．What’s Kachoria’s hope for the windowless aircraft
A．It will upgrade flying experience. B．It will accomodate more passengers.
C．It will be accessible to general public. D．It will go into mass production in 2025.
Passage 6
（2025·湖北武昌·高三5月质量检测）Human echolocation (回声定位) has at times allowed people to ride bikes or play basketball despite being completely blind from a very young age. They typically perceive environment by clicking sharply with their tongues and listening to differences in the sounds reflected off objects.
Brain-imaging studies reveal that expert echolocators display responses to sound in their brain’s primary visual region, possibly because long-term input disadvantage leads to visual regions being repurposed. “It’s traditionally thought that the blind brain is different and requires sensory loss for this neuroplasticity,” says neuroscientist Lore Thaler.
Thaler co-led a 2021 study showing that both blind and sighted people could learn echolocation in 10 weeks. They examined the brain changes underlying these abilities. After training, both displayed responses to echoes in their visual cortex (大脑皮层), a finding that challenges the belief that primary sensory regions are wholly sense-specific.
The researchers trained 14 sighted and 12 blind people for two to three hours twice a week. They started by teaching participants to produce mouth clicks, then trained them on three tasks involving judging object size and orientation, and navigating virtual webs using simulated click-plus-echo sounds tied to their positions. Both groups improved on all the tasks. “This study significantly contributes to a growing body of evidence that this is a trainable, ordinary skill available to both blind and sighted people, “says Santani Teng, a psychologist.
After training, both groups showed increased auditory (听觉的) cortex activation and higher gray matter density in auditory areas. Most surprisingly, they also showed visual cortex activation in response to echoes. “We weren’t sure if we would get this result in sighted people. so it was really rewarding to see it,” Thaler says. She suspects that rather than just processing visual data, this brain area takes in information from multiple senses that aid spatial understanding.
A follow-up survey found that 83 percent of blind participants reported improved independence and well-being. The researchers are working to spread the training more widely as a powerful sensory tool for people with vision damage.
12．The underlined word “neuroplasticity” in Para. 2 refers to the brain’s ____________.
A．control of body movements B．resistance to external changes
C．enhancement of old memories D．adjustment of its own structure
13．What does the study’s key finding show
A．Echolocation is inborn. B．Sensory loss isn’t required.
C．Sighted people don’t benefit. D．Auditory cortex plays a key role.
14．How does the visual cortex respond to echolocation training
A．It prioritizes auditory input. B．It processes sound and space.
C．It increases gray matter density. D．It functions differently in both groups
15．What would be the best title for the text
A．Echolocation Training Rewires Visual Cortex B．Sensory Loss Activates Brain Flexibility.
C．Sound-based Training Helps the Blind. D．Echolocation Cures Vision Problems.
Passage 7
（2025·重庆·高三5月质量检测）In male-on-male mouse fights, the victims of aggression often hide behind a female mouse to shift their attackers’ attention. Think back to a time when you were confronted by a bully or found yourself in another challenging situation — you either confronted the issue directly or looked for ways to escape it, says Joshua Neunuebel at the University of Delaware. Animals often deal with similar struggles.
Fights between male mice can be ferocious, often involving biting, wrestling or rolling over each other if their encounter becomes intense. Neunuebel and his colleagues recorded more than 3,000 aggressive fights between male mice in the lab and then processed the interactions with machine learning. This tool learned to recognize certain behaviors automatically based on video examples that the researchers had manually labeled, such as footage (片段) of one male mouse aggressor closely chasing a second male.
The analysis revealed an attention-shifting strategy in which a male mouse ran away from an aggressor male to approach a female mouse. That often drove the aggressor to interact with the same female mouse, taking the heat off the victim of aggression, which then moved away. This series of events played out more than half the time following aggressive encounters between males. “I believe one reason we were able to discover this bait-and-switch strategy was that we studied group behavior by recording multiple mice together, which is much less common than studying pairs of mice,” says Neunuebel.
But Markus Meister at the California Institute of Technology described the effects of the aggressive behavior on mouse social interactions as “small and barely significant”. “Before investigating any underlying mechanisms, one would really like to see a more consistent behaviour first,” he says.
28．What is the focus of the study
A．Aggressive behavior of male mice.
B．Defensive strategies of male mice.
C．Differences between human and mice conflicts.
D．Communication between male and female mice.
29．What does the underlined word“ferocious” mean in Paragraph 2
A．Violent. B．Skillful. C．Endless. D．Decisive.
30．How did Neunuebel’s team discover the bait-and-switch strategy
A．By studying individual mice.
B．By using high-tech tracking.
C．By changing outdoor settings.
D．By observing group interactions.
31．What did Markus Meister think of the finding
A．Extensive. B．Innovative. C．Unconvincing. D．Puzzling.
Passage 8
（2025·湖南长沙雅礼中学·高三模拟试卷）Cats aren’t known for their sensitivity. But a new study published in the journal Applied Animal Behaviour Science suggests that our feline friends may care more about us and other pets in the house than we give them credit for. What it found was that cats responded to the loss in a way that looked strikingly similar to mourning.
To dig deeper into this phenomenon, a team led by psychologist Jennifer Vonk and her co-author Brittany Greene embarked on a comprehensive investigation. They surveyed 412 cat owners or caregivers, asking them how their cat reacted after the death of another pet in the house. Participants used a five-point scale to indicate changes in the cats’ behaviours in the days and weeks after the death. The recorded behaviours were numerous: altered sleep, eating and playing habits, increased vocalisation, spending more time alone, seeking human attention by sitting or lying near them, showing fear or curiosity, interacting with remaining pets, grooming changes, and even searching for the lost pet by sniffing its usual spots.
Respondents were also asked to describe the relationships between the cat and the deceased pet, as well as their own bonds and grief. This indicated that cats form connections and respond emotionally to loss.
It seems cats get sad when a companion dies, though it’s hard to prove this. Some cats changed their eating and playing habits. Others sought more human interaction. And some even searched the house for their missing family members, lingering around the places where they used to play or sleep. Still, Jennifer cautions that there could be other reasons for the changes in the behaviour besides cats’ grief. They might be eating more because they now have more access to the food bowl, or they might be playing less because they no longer have a playmate.
But, she says, even if they do experience grief, it’s probably different from the kind that humans feel. It’s more likely they’re noticing that something has changed in their social environment, and they are responding to the change with feelings of fear or anxiety.
28．What is the main finding of the study on cats
A．Cats are very emotionally stable animals.
B．Cats react only by changing their eating habits.
C．Cats avoid interaction with humans after a pet dies.
D．Cats might display mourning behaviours like humans.
29．What was the method used by researchers to gather data
A．Conducting interviews with professionals. B．Asking cat owners about their cats’ changes.
C．Studying the cats’ interactions with their owners. D．Observing the cats in a controlled environment.
30．According to the study, which of the following behaviours may be unrelated to grief
A．Sitting or lying near humans. B．Seeking more interaction with humans.
C．Eating more when there is food around. D．Searching the house for the missing pet.
31．Why does Jennifer think cats react emotionally to another pet’s loss
A．They are experiencing the same grief as humans.
B．They feel abandoned and fearful when left alone.
C．They respond to changes in their social environment.
D．They have developed strong friendships with other pets.
Passage 9
（2025·湖南长沙雅礼中学·高三模拟试卷）In 1780, Jeremy Bentham wrote the first lines of the first chapter of one of his most famous works. It read, “Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two masters: pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as to determine what we shall do.”
The British philosopher built an entire philosophy around this idea — that we are all motivated by pleasure and pain. Lucky for him, then, that almost all of the social sciences today agree with him. More than that, many behavioral scientists believe we can game our own mechanisms of pleasure and pain and achieve anything. It’s all to do with something called “Skinner’s Law”.
Skinner’s Law, named after American behaviorist B．F. Skinner, is that when you are procrastinating (拖延) or finding a task hard to get on with, you have two choices: either “make the pain of not doing it greater than the pain of doing it” or “make the pleasure of doing it greater than the pleasure of not doing it.”
The next question is: Is it better to promise yourself pleasure or to threaten yourself with pain to achieve your goal It turns out that pain is by far the stronger motivator. Daniel Kahneman won the 2002 Nobel Prize for a theory called “Prospect Theory.” He and Amos Tversky showed that we find pain more motivating than equivalent (等同的) pleasure.
Using all of this, here are two practical bits of advice:
Make a bet: Find a friend or a family member, and bet them some sum of money or some item you value that you will do a certain thing. “Okay, Dad,” you might say, “if I’m not 5 pounds lighter by my birthday, you can have my PlayStation 5.”
Social accountability: Tell everyone you’re trying to do something. Tell them your target and your deadline. Keep people updated about your progress. This serves two purposes: to present the carrot and the stick. The carrot is that you get praise, support, and advice from your closest relatives. The stick is that you might be embarrassed or ashamed if you fail.
32．What are Bentham’s words mainly about
A．The primary root of human suffering.
B．The driving forces behind human behavior.
C．The fundamental principles of nature’s law.
D．The role of social sciences in understanding humans.
33．What does the underlined word “game” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Evaluate. B．Control. C．Strengthen. D．Understand.
34．What does the author suggest readers do to stick with their task
A．Enjoy the pain of losing things.
B．Work together with a trusted partner.
C．Inform others of their advancements regularly.
D．Keep reminding themselves of the deadline.
35．What is the best title for the text
A．Overcoming Procrastination: Strategies for Success
B．The Origins of Skinner’s Law: A Historical Review
C．The Power of Pleasure: A Behavioral Science Analysis
D．Reclaim Your Motivation: Applying Skinner’s Law
Passage 10
（2025·石家庄·高三质量检测（三））Scientists have been looking at DNA to store all types of data, not just biological, but also digital. Yet while DNA is a great storage material, it’s also quite delicate. Water or heat can damage it easily unless it’s given an amber-like（似琥珀）coating. That new idea was borrowed from the 1993movie Jurassic Park, in which scientists cloned dinosaurs from DNA trapped in amber.
DNA is the world’s oldest data storage device. The most amazing thing about DNA is that it can potentially be used to store any type of data. Putting information into DNA uses a process called encoding. “Your computer stores information in a binary format（二进制）, zeroes and ones,” notes Karishma Matange, a computational biologist. “Encoding works to change these zeroes and ones into A, C, G and T, the DNA bases that can store information.” The order of the bases in DNA is called sequence（序列）, which spells out the information it holds. To pull information back out from the DNA, you rewind the process.
Scientists can store DNA for long periods. But it requires freezing temperatures, special equipment and dangerous chemicals, which makes the process costly. James Banal, a scientist in San Carlos, California, and his team came up with a new method T-REX. His team uses this method to trap DNA in a material similar to plastic. “Plastics are durable.” Banal points out. Besides, T-REX is a cheap alternative to enclose DNA．
To test it, the team encoded the Jurassic Park theme music and a person’s genome into DNA．Then they put the DNA in the glassy plastic. Damp and heat are DNA’s biggest threats. But the T-REX material keeps damp out. The researchers heated it up to 75°Celsius. Later, they got the DNA by breaking the coating down. The best part, Banal says, is that the broken-down material can be reused to store DNA again.
Banal and his colleagues want to use the T-REX method to preserve genetic data or even safely store biological samples that will be launched into space. And we might one day use it to store the massive amounts of data people generate every day.
28．How is digital information stored into DNA
A．By turning binary code into DNA bases. B．By freezing the DNA at low temperatures.
C．By coating the DNA with amber material. D．By sequencing DNA from ancient samples.
29．What is the main advantage of the T-REX method for DNA storage
A．Breaking DNA down with chemicals. B．Offering cost-effective storage of DNA．
C．Helping DNA survive extreme wetness. D．Withdrawing whole DNA from dinosaurs.
30．What will the DNA storage technology be used for in the future
A．Cloning extinct dinosaurs. B．Reducing global plastic pollution.
C．Preserving diverse samples. D．Speeding future space exploration.
31．What’s the main idea of the text
A．A breakthrough in DNA data storage technology.
B．How digital technology advances DNA analysis.
C．The biological applications of DNA repairing system.
D．How Jurassic Park inspired DNA preservation research.
Passage 11
（2025·石家庄·高三质量检测（三））Have you ever had something good happen to you and felt like shouting it from the rooftops Sharing positive events with others and receiving an enthusiastic response in return has been tied to many good outcomes, including closer relationships and greater happiness. Now, a new study suggests another benefit of sharing the good stuff: more feelings of gratitude.
The researchers started by asking 300 participants how often they tended to share good news, and how other people in their lives generally responded to their good news. Then, six times a day for 10 days, the researchers asked participants to report on how grateful they were in the moment, how recently they’d had a social encounter, whether they’d shared good news with that person, and how close they felt to the person as a result.
Afterward, the researchers analyzed the results to look for patterns. They found those who shared positive events with others felt more grateful in the moment and closer to the person with whom they shared the news. In addition, people with a tendency to share good news and receive enthusiastic responses were the most grateful in the group, overall.
Sharing good news calls attention to the good things happening in your life, says Alexandra Gray, study coauthor of Northeastern University. For example, you might tell a friend what a great time you had over the holidays, and in recounting what happened, you can re-experience the positive feelings and become even more appreciative.
Getting an enthusiastic response to your good news is also important, says Gray, because it makes you feel recognized, and cared for in a way that strengthens your relationship, and also leads to gratitude.
Though there’s still more research to be done, Gray suggests people not hold back on sharing their good news with others, or on showing enthusiasm when others share good news with them. We all have a role to play in helping positivity spread.
32．How did the researchers conduct the study
A．By analyzing participants’ daily reports. B．By observing participants’ social encounters.
C．By studying participants’ attitudes to sharing. D．By tracking participants’ interactive behavior.
33．What does the underlined word “recounting” probably mean in paragraph 4
A．Repeating. B．Analyzing. C．Inquiring. D．Recalling.
34．What can we infer about positive responses to shared good news
A．They boost the sharer’s self-awareness. B．They serve to confirm the listener’s opinions.
C．They are more influential if given by friends. D．They make people more connected with others.
35．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To discuss the key to strong friendships.
B．To encourage people to share good news.
C．To compare ways people react to good news.
D．To analyze how gratitude improves happiness.
Passage 12
（2025·广东省深圳·高三下学期第一次调研）Self-confidence is trusting in our abilities or qualities. It’s usually seen as a good thing. But is it possible that we might benefit from a little less confidence in our beliefs
For many years, Dr. Mark Leary, a neuroscientist at Duke University in Durham, N.C． , has studied the role of people’s beliefs in their behavior. He found overconfidence is very common, especially when it comes to what people believe to be true, and can lead us to disastrous decisions. In 1986, NASA believed that the risk of loss for any space flight was roughly 1 in 100,000. It was an overconfident belief and might have led to the explosion of the Challenger. The good news is that there’s a “vaccine (疫苗)” for overconfidence, and that’s what scientists call “intellectual humility”— recognizing that your beliefs could be wrong.
A survey of 144 college students to measure their intellectual humility found that students who saw their thinking could be wrong tended to be more curious and more likely to seek out new knowledge. They ended up knowing more at the end of the day. But does it actually help you beyond that
To find out more, Dr. Tenelle Porter at Ball State University conducted a series of studies with high school students. She found that students with intellectual humility were much more likely to test themselves to see whether they really understood the material and seek out potential holes in their understanding. When they got test scores, they’d change their study strategics to improve their performance and master the material for the next test.
Students who didn’t see their knowledge could be wrong might instead just sail through their studying and wouldn’t stop to ask themselves if they truly understood what they read, heard, or did. Such students thought they got a subject down pat, but when asked to explain it on a test, they found they didn’t actually understand as much as they had thought.
Although it might be good for you, researchers recognize that questioning your beliefs can be truly hard. Still, it’s important to remember that questioning beliefs isn’t always about replacing old ones with new ones. If you find it hard to question a belief, try taking “baby steps.”
8．Why does the author mention the explosion of the Challenger
A．To express his sorrow for the loss.
B．To stress the high risk of space flights.
C．To show the result of wrong operation.
D．To give an example of overconfidence.
9．What do we know about intellectual humility according to Porter’s research
A．It urged students to gain recognition.
B．It encouraged students to take exams.
C．It helped students to adjust learning methods.
D．It motivated students to memorize knowledge.
10．What do the underlined words “got a subject down pat” mean in paragraph 5
A．Fully mastered a subject. B．Put great effort into a subject
C．Really enjoyed a subject. D．Benefited a lot from a subject.
11．What will probably be discussed in the following paragraphs
A．Why questioning our belief is hard.
B．Why intellectual humility is helpful.
C．How to become a confident person.
D．How to practice intellectual humility.
Passage 13
（2025·广东省深圳·高三下学期第一次调研）The ability to detect a nearby presence without seeing or touching it may sound fantastical — but it’s a real ability that some creatures have. A family of African fish known as Mormyrids are weakly electric, and have special organs that can locate a nearby target, even when it’s hiding in the mud. Scientists have now developed an artificial sensor system modelled on the ability of these fish.
“We developed a new strategy for 3D motion positioning by electronic skin, bio-inspired by ‘electric fish’,” says Dr. Xinge Yu, an associate professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the City University of Hong Kong. The team described their e-skin sensor in a paper published on November 14 in Nature.
The artificial sensor is multi-layered. One layer acts as a transmitter (发射器), which will generate an electric field once activated, and another layer acts as a receiver to detect both the direction and the distance to an object. A separate controller creates the driving signal to activate the transmitter. When an object comes within range, the electric field around the sensor is disrupted (扰乱), which in turn can be detected by the receiver. This data is then processed by a microcontroller unit, which computes the position of the target object and sends that information to a smartphone or other devices.
A special biogel (生物凝胶) is used in the sensor, which has the ability to transmit and receive electric signals from a pattern of microchannels on the surface. The end result is a sensor that is thin, soft and flexible, making it cosy to adapt to irregular surfaces, such as the human body. In contrast to the traditional sensor system that needs a large number of sensors to achieve spatial positioning, the new system can locate an object precisely in 3D space using just a few sensors. This significantly reduces the power consumption of data collection, transmission, and processing.
The researchers hope that this sensor could one day open up a new range of wearable technologies, including sensors for human-machine interaction and thin, flexible e-skin.
12．The first paragraph aims to show __________.
A．the special ability of African fish
B．the inspiration for a new invention
C．the big challenge of locating objects
D．the reason for developing a sensor
13．What is the correct order of the system’s working procedures
a. The transmitter creates an electric field.
b. A unit computes the position of the target.
c. The controller sends the activating signal.
d. The receiver detects the change of electric signals.
e. The electric field is disrupted by an approaching object.
A．c-a-e-d-b. B．c-a-d-e-b.
C．a-c-e-d-b. D．a-e-c-d-b.
14．What is an advantage of the new sensor system
A．Its sensitivity to different stimulations.
B．Its adaptation to environmental changes.
C．Its efficiency in achieving 3D positioning.
D．Its speed in data collection and processing.
15．What is the best title for the text
A．Machine Detective “Wears” Flexible E-skin
B．Bio-inspired Sensor “Feels” Without Touching
C．E-Skin Sensor: The Future of Machine Learning
D．Electric Fields: The Frontier of Object Detection
Passage 14
（2025·湖南长沙第一中学·一模）Every day, you likely hear a new piece of advice. One suggestion you may hear is to “fake it until you make it”, especially if you’re starting something new, like a job. But is it really good advice
Fake it till you make it is an expression in which a person imitates (模仿) the confidence or skills they need to succeed in what they are doing in the hope that they will eventually feel real. Advocates of this idea say you can fake confidence and hope that, eventually, it will inspire real confidence.
The best time to use this strategy may be when you’re trying to change your behavior to improve yourself. If you aim to boost your work productivity, you might draw inspiration from your more efficient colleagues. This way can help you learn strategies to enhance your performance. Similarly, in your personal life, striving to be more friendly and warm can initially feel awkward but will ultimately foster better relationships with those around you.
Unfortunately, faking it till you make it doesn’t always bring sunshine, lollipops, and rainbows. It may not work when dealing with hard skills, assisting others, or faking who you are. For example, it is incredibly hard to fake technical skills and competence like software experience. It’s also hard to assist others if you lack understanding of the subject. Moreover, pretending to be someone you’re not or making false claims can be exposed.
One study shows that it can snowball into imposter syndrome, which can arise when individuals feel their success is undeserved and fear being exposed as a fake. Unfortunately, faking it till you make it can exacerbate that syndrome, leading to avoidance and negative impacts on productivity and well-being.
In conclusion, there is a difference between learning new behaviors and lying about your identity or skills. One can build you into a better worker or friend, but the latter can get you into trouble. “Fake it till you make it” can be a useful approach for some, while it can also contribute to imposter syndrome for others.
8．Why do some people adopt the strategy “fake it till you make it”
A．To criticize the behavior of others.
B．To make others trust their abilities.
C．To avoid taking on new challenges.
D．To gain confidence through imitation.
9．In what type of situation might “fake it till you make it” be ineffective
A．When taking up a new hobby.
B．When trying to stay focused in class.
C．When teaching others computer skills.
D．When socializing with your classmates.
10．What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Worsen. B．Relieve.
C．Prevent. D．Recognize.
11．What is the author’s main viewpoint on the strategy “fake it till you make it”
A．It can be positive or negative.
B．It is a useful tool in our daily life.
C．It is more harmful in the long run.
D．It’s always good for personal growth.
Passage 15
（2025·湖南长沙第一中学·一模）After spending many years studying the effects of lightning on rainforests, Evan Gora, a forest ecologist at the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, began wondering whether trees could not only survive this usually deadly event but also actually get some kind of advantage from it.
To find out, he and his colleagues spent several years following the cases of 93 trees from various species in the rainforest of central Panama when they were directly struck by lightning. Nine were from a species known as the almendro, a forest giant native to Central and South America that can grow up to 165 feet tall. After the trees were struck, the researchers continued to monitor the ones that survived the shock, checking their overall condition and noting whether the lightning killed neighboring trees and any parasitic vines (寄生藤蔓) growing on them.
The results showed that the almendro trees were very resistant to lightning and minimally damaged compared with almost all the other tree species, which were severely damaged — 64 perce