Unit 1 Science and Scientists
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Where does the man plan to go this year
A．Europe. B．Asia. C．South America.
2．What does the woman like collecting best
A．Stamps. B．Coins. C．Train tickets.
3．Where does the conversation take place
A．In a garden.
B．At a restaurant.
C．At the woman’s house.
4．What does the woman ask the man to do
A．Clean the floor.
B．Sit in Row 5.
C．Drop glass bottles.
5．What does the woman mean
A．She wants to go swimming.
B．She is busy with her project.
C．She will have a test tomorrow.
第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Why does the woman want to replace the kitchen window
A．It’s old. B．It’s broken. C．It’s out of style.
7．When will the new window probably be fitted and ready
A．By noon.
B．By mid-afternoon.
C．By evening.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What’s the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Schoolmates.
B．Neighbors.
C．Developer and customer.
9．What feature does the platform have
A．It helps make study plans.
B．It offers online exams.
C．It has previous classes.
10．What subject does the platform support now
A．Biology.
B．Chemistry.
C．Information technology.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．Where are the speakers probably
A．At home. B．In a supermarket. C．In a restaurant.
12．What is the main dish for the cookout
A．Hamburgers and hot dogs.
B．Potato pancakes.
C．Chocolate pizzas.
13．What will the man do next Saturday
A．Clean up his backyard.
B．Buy barbecue tools.
C．Prepare the seating.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．What exam is the woman worried about
A．Chemistry. B．Maths. C．History.
15．What skill does the man need to improve
A．Studying for exams.
B．Finishing projects.
C．Writing essays.
16．How much of the speakers’ grade depends on their examination results
A．60%. B．30%. C．10%.
17．What will the man do to help the woman
A．Lend her a useful book.
B．Help her study for her exam.
C．Share tips with her on social media.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．What does the speaker think of London’s public transport
A．Terrible. B．Expensive. C．Acceptable.
19．What can we learn from the talk
A．Londoners drink more tea than coffee.
B．London is surely full of different cultures.
C．Drinking tea is elegant but time-consuming.
20．What do Londoners complain about
A．The living expenses.
B．The food in London.
C．The crowded communities.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节 (共15 小题；每小题2.5分，满分 37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Here are the introductions and achievements of four scientists.
J ns Jakob Berzelius
J ns Jakob Berzelius was a Swedish chemist，often referred to as one of the founders of modern chemistry.He developed a system of chemical symbols，which laid the foundation for the establishment of the modern periodic table.Berzelius also made important discoveries in the field of electrochemistry.
Niels Henrik David Bohr
Niels Henrik David Bohr was a Danish physicist.He proposed the atomic(原子的) model known as the Bohr model，which explained the behavior of electrons moving in fixed energy levels or orbits around the atomic nucleus.His model helped explain the spectra of elements and laid the groundwork for further developments in atomic physics.
Robert Boyle
Robert Boyle，born in Ireland，was regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry，known for Boyle’s law.Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the pressure and volume(体积) of a gas at constant temperature.Boyle’s work laid the foundation for the modern understanding of gas behavior and promoted the development of scientific experimental methods.
William Lawrence Bragg
William Lawrence Bragg was a British physicist born in Australia who made significant contributions to X-ray crystallography(晶体学)．Together with his father William Henry Bragg，he developed the famous Bragg’s law.This discovery revolutionized the field of crystallography and paved the way for determining the atomic and molecular structures of various substances，including DNA and proteins.
21．What do we know about J ns Jakob Berzelius
A．He invented a new chemical substance.
B．He established the modern periodic table.
C．He was referred to as a founder of modern physics.
D．He made important achievements in the field of electrochemistry.
22．Who was born in Ireland
A．J ns Jakob Berzelius. B．Niels Henrik David Bohr.
C．Robert Boyle. D．William Lawrence Bragg.
23．What do Niels Henrik David Bohr and William Lawrence Bragg have in common
A．They were born in Denmark.
B．They made a contribution to physics.
C．They discovered new models for chemistry.
D．They did research together with their family.
B
Jessica Damiano moved into a new home in the spring of 2005.At the time，she was delighted to see a flowering plant growing in the garden.She did not know the name of the beautiful plant.But that did not matter to her.She loved it!
Two years later，Damiano graduated from Cornell University’s master gardener program.She worked as a gardening writer for a local newspaper.That was when she found out the truth.She discovered that her favorite plant was called purple loosestrife and that it was considered “invasive(入侵的)” in her home state of New York.However，she told herself that the plant was not spreading on the property and that it was not out of control.
Then she learned more.Some plants known to be invasive are what Damiano calls “wolves in sheep’s clothing”．This means they may seem harmless and well-contained in the garden but become harmful in other places.
Birds eat the seeds of invasive plants and spread them to other places.Those seeds grow into new plants that outgrow native plants.This is because invasive plants often are not eaten by local wildlife，which would otherwise keep them under control.If not controlled，invasive plants grow larger and push out native plants that provide food and shelter for birds，insects，and small animals.This harms the local environment.
Many state environmental agencies ban the sale and use of plants found to be harmful to human or ecological health.But some invasive plants are not officially considered invasive.Others may be listed as invasive in one area but not another.And some invasive plants continue to be sold in stores.
So，what is a gardener to do？Damiano says to avoid any plants sold as “vigorous”“fast-spreading” “quick-climbing” or a “rapid self-sower”．She warns that these are all sellers’ code words(暗号) for invasive plants.Next，learn about your local area：Which plants are invasive？And which plants are native？Ask government agencies，universities and colleges，and environmental groups.You can also do your own research at libraries or online.
In the end，Damiano replaced that plant with the native and equally beautiful blazing star plant.This plant has been growing happily without problems in her garden for the past 15 years.
24．How did Damiano react when she first learned purple loosestrife was “invasive”？
A．She felt regretful for loving it.
B．She reported it to the government.
C．She didn’t take the fact seriously.
D．She got rid of the plant immediately.
25．Why can invasive plants grow better than native plants
A．They need less water.
B．They have fewer natural enemies.
C．They adapt to the environment quicker.
D．They have longer roots and bigger leaves.
26．What does the author mainly intend to express in paragraph 5
A．Policies about invasive plants vary in different areas.
B．Some invasive plants are not harmful.
C．Invasive plants are rarely seen in stores.
D．The government’s attitude to invasive plants is improper.
27．Which is a method the gardener can use to avoid planting invasive plants
A．Giving up any plants that sell well in the local area.
B．Choosing plants that can provide food for wild animals.
C．Refusing to say the code words of sellers for invasive plants.
D．Referring to books for information on which plants are invasive.
C
(2025·福建厦门高二上期末)
You’ve probably heard scientists say “the best explanation is the simplest one”．But is it Why should we assume the simplest explanation is closest to the truth This idea，known as Occam’s razor(奥卡姆剃刀)，is a form of minimalism: we should not introduce entities(实体) unless we have evidence that they exist.In other words: don’t make stuff up.
In 1687，Isaac Newton expanded on this idea，“We are to admit no more causes of natural things than such as are both true and sufficient to explain their appearances，” He continued.“To this purpose，nature does nothing in vain，for nature is pleased with simplicity.” But this claim is strange.Who is to say what “pleases nature”？ And doesn’t this guidance assume we know what we are trying to figure out
Consider the work of Vera C．Rubin，who found evidence for the existence of dark matter.While studying the movement of galaxies(星系)，Rubin discovered that the speed at which stars rotated around the center of their galaxies made sense only if these galaxies contained an additional mass weighing about 10 times more than the visible stars.The claim of a new form of “dark” matter—unseeable and present in far greater quantities than the visible matter of the universe—was not a simple explanation，but it turned out to be the best explanation.
Physics is filled with explanations that are unexpected.Newton explained light as being made of particles，whereas other scientists explained it as a wave.Quantum mechanics，however，tells us that light is both a wave and a particle.Newton’s account was simpler，but modern physics tells us that the more complex model is closer to the truth.
Occam’s razor is not a theory.It’s an idea held independently of factual evidence.There are new things under the sun，and rare events may be rare because they involve a complex combination of events.Put this way，we can see Occam’s razor as a failure of imagination.Our explanations should match the world as best as we can.Science is about letting the chips fall，and sometimes this means accepting that the truth is not simple，even if it would make our lives easier if it were.
28．What does the underlined word “minimalism” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Ignoring existing facts.
B．Creating physical entities.
C．Making use of abstract concepts.
D．Avoiding unnecessary complexity.
29．What is the author’s attitude toward Newton’s idea
A．Critical. B．Unclear.
C．Conservative. D．Approving.
30．Why does the author mention Rubin’s discovery
A．To throw doubt on Occam’s Razor.
B．To reveal the beauty of galaxies.
C．To explain the speed of star rotation.
D．To emphasize the value of her contribution.
31．What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A．Occam’s razor can make our lives easier.
B．A simpler explanation doesn’t always work.
C．Truth will always be truth regardless of disbelief.
D．Imagination will sometimes turn out to be complex.
D
Having a personal trainer is one of the best ways to stay on track with your workouts，push your limits and try new things.But it often costs more than $100 a class，and getting to and from the gym can take up a lot of time.
Over the past ten years，fitness apps have been trying to copy the personal training experience exactly，and in recent years many have included artificial intelligence(AI) to create workouts.A growing number of products offer personalized workouts that match your abilities，goals and equipment you have，which usually cost around $100 a year.
However，some experts warn that while AI fitness apps are useful for many exercisers，they’re not the right fit for everyone.
AI fitness apps create personalized training programs using information from personal users and the experiences of other users.
In the future，these apps could collect even more information to give ever more personalized feedback(反馈)，said futurist David Brin.But，he added，more information doesn’t always lead to better advice.“What you need to consider is whether the advice will actually be good for you，in the long run，” he said.
Furthermore，computers can learn a lot about different workout routines，but they can’t yet create the social interactions that make the training successful，said Nikola Banovic，professor of computer science and engineering at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the University of Michigan.
The AI fitness apps we have now can’t offer encouragement or provide comfort on a bad day.“As humans，we need more than just the workouts that will get us to our goals，” Dr Banovic said.“We need to be encouraged—that’s something only a real trainer can do right now.It will be some time before AI training does this well.”
32．What is the main advantage of AI fitness apps over personal trainers
A．Requiring less exercise equipment.
B．Offering coaching services at a lower price.
C．Creating more personalized training plans.
D．Providing a better personal training experience.
33．What may David Brin agree with
A．Users should work harder to protect their personal information.
B．AI fitness apps should find more tools for collecting information.
C．Users should be careful with the advice offered by AI fitness apps.
D．AI fitness apps should be improved to meet the needs of every user.
34．What should future AI fitness apps focus on
A．Setting achievable goals.
B．Adding live chat services.
C．Learning new workout routines.
D．Developing useful interactions.
35．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．How Do Experts Feel About an AI Trainer
B．Can AI Fitness Apps Take the Place of the Gyms
C．Would an AI Trainer Be Better than a Real Trainer
D．How Do AI Fitness Apps Change the Way You Exercise
第二节 (共5小题；每小题 2.5分，满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When you begin to face your fears，you unlock limitless opportunities to live your best life.By conquering your fears，you can finally break free.At first，you may find it difficult to face them.The following steps will help you face them effectively. 36
Identify your fears.To face your fears，you must first identify them.Identifying the related factors will help you overcome them.Take a moment to identify the specific sources of your fears.Ask yourself: What are you actually afraid of 37 Write down the answers and remember to get specific.
Understand the root cause clearly.After identifying what your fears are，it’s time to explore what causes them.Spend some time exploring the nature of your fears. 38 When you deeply understand the causes，you are in a better position to face them.
39 Define the objectives you aim to accomplish by facing your fears.Then set your clear goals.Breaking down your broader goals into smaller and manageable steps is crucial.Besides，creating a structured plan will also help you face your fears by making them much more organized.
Take action. 40 And gradually work your way up to bigger ones.By taking action，you’ll gain new skills.You can build up your confidence in your ability to learn，handle mistakes，and embrace new experiences.As you go through this journey of action，unexpected opportunities for personal growth will arise.Finally，you’ll strengthen your self-confidence.
A．Accept it as a universal emotion.
B．Establish clear and achievable goals.
C．And thus you can have a brighter future.
D．Handle the least fearful aspect of your fear.
E．Analyze the experiences that lead to these fears.
F．Spend a few moments thinking about your answers.
G．Fighting fear bravely can speed up your personal growth.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 (共15 小题；每小题1分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
For years，Sammie Vance,14，has been helping kids who feel lonely make friends.She has been 41 the Buddy Bench program since the third grade.The program was that anyone at school feeling 42 could sit on the “buddy bench”，telling other kids he or she needed a friend.
Sammie got the 43 for the program at a summer camp in 2017.She thought it would be cool to have a buddy bench in her 44 ，so when she returned，she 45 the idea to the head teacher.
Getting 46 for the project was just the first step.“There have been a lot of other 47 ，like money，” Sammie says.To cut down costs and be eco-friendly，Sammie decided to make the bench out of 48 material.So she got her community to gather bottle caps.
49 of the project got out，and soon Sammie was getting caps from people in all 50 states，and even from people in Germany，the Netherlands，and other countries. 50 ，she collected more than 1,200 pounds of bottle caps.A company called Green Tree Plastics was 51 of upcycling(升级改造) these into three benches.
Not long after that， 52 her own school，more than 200 schools and parks nationwide，in Mexico and Australia 53 benches through the program as well.Her work continues to spread 54 far and wide.“We recently got a bench in Ghana，Africa，” she says.
Sammie thinks her small gesture can make other people’s day and that even small acts of kindness can 55 .
41．A.imagining B．changing C．protesting D．running
42．A.sensitive B．curious C．lonely D．ashamed
43．A.inspiration B．intention C．principle D．practice
44．A.home B．school C．town D．country
45．A.returned B．lent C．presented D．delivered
46．A.comment B．discount C．appreciation D．approval
47．A.challenges B．complaints C．competition D．evidence
48．A.common B．expensive C．recycled D．imported
49．A.Nature B．Word C．Part D．History
50．A.Eventually B．Absolutely C．Regularly D．Originally
51．A.fond B．capable C．proud D．aware
52．A.due to B．instead of C．apart from D．except for
53．A.acquired B．designed C．observed D．removed
54．A.information B．knowledge C．disease D．kindness
55．A.make sense B．make a difference
C．come to life D．come to power
第二节 (共10 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was not until the 19th century that a few westerners quietly began noting that the Three Great Inventions were 56. (actual) Chinese.Then in 1925 paper was added to 57.______________ list，so that it became Four Great Inventions instead of just three.However，it was the British scientist Joseph Needham 58. began to popularize the idea of China’s Four Great Inventions in the middle of the 20th century.
Needham 59. (be) a professor at Cambridge in 1937 when three Chinese scientists went there to study.Through one of these scientists，Lu Guizhen，Needham became 60._____________(interest) in the history of Chinese science and technology.In 1942，Needham 61._______________(send) to Chongqing，China，as the director of the Sino-British Science Co-operation Office.Needham used his time in China 62. (travel) to remote provinces for research，and to collect Chinese historical documents on science and technology.
When Needham got back to Cambridge in 1948，he began working on Science and Civilization in China.Here，Needham pointed out numerous Chinese 63. (discovery) and inventions，of which the Four Great Inventions were considered 64. the most important.The first book of this series came out in 1954，65. (result) in a rethinking of China’s role in the development of science and technology around the world.Without this work，the idea of China’s Four Great Inventions might be almost unknown in the West.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分 40 分)
第一节 (满分15分)
假定你是中学生李华，你校正在举办“我最喜爱的农业科学家”为主题的征文活动，请你根据下面要点提示，描述你所喜欢的农业科学家，内容包括：
1．谁是你最喜欢的农业科学家；
2．这位科学家对人类所做的贡献；
3．你的感想或希望。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
My Favourite Agricultural Scientist
第二节 (满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A teenage boy named Joel lived in a small faraway town.Joel was an ambitious rapper who spent countless hours in his bedroom writing lyrics(歌词) and perfecting his flow.But he never performed on stage.His dream was to make it big in the music industry and share his passion for rap with the world.He hoped that one day his dream would become a reality.Little did he know，this dream was about to come true in the most unexpected way.
One sunny afternoon，Joel was walking through his neighborhood when he heard booming music coming from a nearby park.Interested，he followed the sound and discovered a crowd of people gathered around a stage.To his surprise，the famous rapper Latto was in town and performing her show for the community.Joel had always been Latto’s faithful fan.He’d like to become a rapper like her.Pushing his way through the crowd，Latto came to front of the stage.
Joel’s heart raced with excitement as he watched Latto appeal to the audience with her charming lyrics and undeniable talent.He waved his arms and cheered loudly together with all the people present.All of a sudden，a fearless idea suddenly occurred to him.Inspired by her performance，Joel decided to seize the opportunity and show his skills before his idol(偶像)．Joel went up to the event organizer and explained his passion for rap，hoping to be given a chance to perform.
Impressed by Joel’s enthusiasm and determination，the event organizer agreed to let him perform a short set after Latto finished her performance.Joel was overjoyed and spent the remaining time practising，making sure he was ready to deliver an unforgettable performance.He prayed(祈祷) at the bottom of his heart that he would succeed like Latto.Latto ended her show and the crowd broke up.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Joel stepped onto the stage，his heart beating wildly.
Witnessing Joel’s incredible performance，Latto approached him.
答案精析
1．C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.C
10．C 11.B 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.B 16.A
17．A 18.C 19.B 20.A
语篇解读 本文是应用文。文章介绍了四位科学家和他们的成就。
21．D [细节理解题。根据J ns Jakob Berzelius部分最后一句可知，他在电化学领域取得了重要成就。故选D。]
22．C [细节理解题。根据Robert Boyle部分第一句可知，罗伯特·波义耳出生在爱尔兰。故选C。]
23．B [细节理解题。根据Niels Henrik David Bohr部分最后一句和William Lawrence Bragg部分的内容可知，他们都对物理学做出了贡献。故选B。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Damiano了解入侵植物的过程以及对如何避免种植入侵植物的建议。
24．C [推理判断题。根据第二段的“However，she told herself that the plant was not spreading on the property and that it was not out of control.”可知，当Damiano第一次得知紫色珍珠菜是入侵物种时，她没有认真对待这件事。故选C。]
25．B [细节理解题。根据第四段的“Those seeds grow into new plants that outgrow native plants.This is because invasive plants often are not eaten by local wildlife，which would otherwise keep them under control.”可知，入侵植物能比本土植物生长得更好是因为它们的天敌更少。故选B。]
26．A [段落大意题。根据第五段内容尤其是第二、三句可知，作者在第五段中主要想表达不同地区关于入侵植物的政策有所不同。故选A。]
27．D [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“You can also do your own research at libraries or online.”可知，园丁可以通过参阅书籍了解哪些植物具有入侵性来避免种植入侵植物。故选D。]
语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文，说明了“奥卡姆剃刀”这一思想观点，并围绕“最简单的解释是否最接近真相”展开分析，探讨了科学解释的复杂性和可能性。
28．D [词义猜测题。画线词上文“Why should we...to the truth？”提到“为什么我们要假设最简单的解释最接近事实呢？”，画线词下文“don’t make stuff up”提到“不要胡编乱造”，由此可知，画线词所在句意为：这个想法被称为“奥卡姆剃刀”，是极简主义的一种形式。故画线词“minimalism”意为“极简主义”，即避免不必要的复杂性。故选D。]
29．A [观点态度题。根据第二段中“But this claim is strange.Who is to say what ‘pleases nature’？ And doesn’t this guidance assume we know what we are trying to figure out？”可知，作者质疑牛顿关于“大自然推崇至简”的观点，对其观点持批评态度。故选A。]
30．A [推理判断题。根据第三段中“The claim of a new form of ‘dark’ matter—unseeable and present in far greater quantities than the visible matter of the universe—was not a simple explanation，but it turned out to be the best explanation.”可知，作者提到鲁宾的发现是为了质疑“奥卡姆剃刀”这一观点，即简单的解释并非总是最佳选择。故选A。]
31．B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Our explanations should match the world as best as we can.Science is about letting the chips fall，and sometimes this means accepting that the truth is not simple，even if it would make our lives easier if it were.”可知，作者暗示简单的解释并不总是有效的。故选B。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近年来健身应用程序一直试图准确复制私人锻炼体验，并且许多应用程序将人工智能用于创建锻炼，但一些专家认为人工智能健身应用程序并不适用于所有人。
32．B [推理判断题。根据第一段“Having a personal trainer is one of the best ways...But it often costs more than $100 a class，and getting to and from the gym can take up a lot of time.”和第二段中“A growing number of products offer personalized workouts that match your abilities，goals and equipment you have，which usually cost around $100 a year.”可知，人工智能健身应用程序对比私人教练的优势是它能够以低价提供教练服务。故选B。]
33．C [推理判断题。根据第五段中“But，he added，more information doesn’t always lead to better advice.‘What you need to consider is whether the advice will actually be good for you，in the long run，’ he said.”可知，David Brin认为虽然人工智能健身应用程序收集了更多的信息，但这并不意味着它能提供更好的建议，用户需要考虑这些建议从长期来看是否真的对自己有好处。由此可知，他会赞同用户要对人工智能健身应用程序提供的建议保持慎重。故选C。]
34．D [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Furthermore，computers can learn a lot about different workout routines，but they can’t yet create the social interactions that make the training successful...”和最后一段中“We need to be encouraged—that’s something only a real trainer can do right now.It will be some time before AI training does this well.”可知，目前人工智能应用程序缺乏和人进行社交互动的功能，要做到这一点还需要时间。由此可知，未来人工智能应用程序应该关注开发有用的互动功能。故选D。]
35．C [标题归纳题。本文第一段讲述了私人教练的优缺点，第二、三段指出近年来出现了人工智能健身应用程序，但专家认为人工智能健身应用程序不适用于所有人，选项C“人工智能教练会比真正的教练好吗？”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选C。]
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了克服恐惧的四个步骤。
36．C [上文说明，面对并且战胜恐惧，你就可以过上最好的生活，最终获得自由，以下几个步骤将帮助你有效地面对它们。选项C“因此，你可以有一个更光明的未来”承接上文，与上文构成因果关系，采取这些步骤面对恐惧，就可以有一个更光明的未来。故选C。]
37．F [上文说明要问自己到底害怕什么，选项F“花点时间思考你的答案”承接上文，并且引出下文，先思考答案，然后再写下来。故选F。]
38．E [上文说明花费一些时间探究出恐惧的本质，选项E“分析导致这些恐惧的经历”承接上文，是探索恐惧的本质的具体做法，故选E。]
39．B [下文说明要确定你想要实现的目标，并且目标要具体、可行。选项B“制定明确且可实现的目标”能概括本段大意，为最佳主旨句。故选B。]
40．D [上下文说明采取行动，先从最小的开始，然后逐步向更大的迈进，选项D“处理你恐惧中最不可怕的方面”承接上文，说明采取行动的具体做法，且与下文的“bigger”呼应。故选D。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Sammie Vance从夏令营中获得灵感，创立了Buddy Bench项目，帮助学校中孤单的人找到朋友，最终她的想法传播到了世界各地，为更多的人带去了善意。
41．D [protest抗议；run运行。根据下文Sammie想出这个项目的主意并开始想办法实施可知，她是在运行这个项目。故选D。]
42．C [根据上文“For years，Sammie Vance,14，has been helping kids who feel lonely make friends.”可知，Sammie的这个项目是帮助在学校感到孤独的人。故选C。]
43．A [根据下文“She thought it would be cool to have a buddy bench in her ”可推知，Sammie是从夏令营中得到了设置伙伴长椅的灵感。故选A。]
44．B [根据下文“she the idea to the head teacher”可知，Sammie和校长沟通了想法，因此是在学校里设置伙伴长椅。故选B。]
45．C [return归还；lend借给；present提出；deliver运送。根据下文“the idea to the head teacher”可推知，Sammie是向校长提出该想法。故选C。]
46．D [comment评论；discount折扣；appreciation欣赏；approval批准。根据上文“so when she returned，she the idea to the head teacher”可知，Sammie和校长沟通了关于这个项目的想法，此处指获得学校方面的批准。故选D。]
47．A [challenge挑战；complaint抱怨；competition竞争；evidence证据。根据下文“like money”和“To cut down costs and be eco-friendly”可知，该项目面临着钱、环保方面的挑战，并不容易。故选A。]
48．C [recycled回收的；imported进口的。根据上文“To cut down costs and be eco-friendly”和下文“gather bottle caps”可推知，Sammie是决定用回收的材料制作长椅。故选C。]
49．B [根据下文“soon Sammie was getting caps from people in all 50 states，and even from people in Germany，the Netherlands，and other countries”可推知，应该是项目的消息传开了，各州所以甚至是其他国家的人开始提供帮助。故选B。]
50．A [根据下文“she collected more than 1,200 pounds of bottle caps”可知，此处陈述收集瓶盖的结果，应该是承接上文，说明事情最终是这样的。故选A。]
51．B [根据下文“of upcycling(升级改造) these into three benches”可推知，此处是较为客观地陈述事实，说明该公司能将这些瓶盖改造升级为三张长椅。故选B。]
52．C [根据下文“her own school，more than 200 schools and parks nationwide，in Mexico and Australia benches through the program as well”可推知，除了Sammie的学校外，还有很多学校和公园也获得了长椅。故选C。]
53．A [acquire获得；design设计；observe观察；remove移除。根据上文“She thought it would be cool to have a buddy bench in her ”可知，最初Sammie是想自己的学校有伙伴长椅，因此此处指后来多所学校和公园也通过这个项目获得了长椅。故选A。]
54．D [根据下文“even small acts of kindness”可知，此处指将善意传播到世界各地。故选D。]
55．B [make sense有意义；make a difference产生影响；come to life复活；come to power上台执政。根据上文叙述的Sammie创立该项目帮助自己学校里孤独的人结交朋友，到后来得到很多人的帮助，让项目走得更远，在很多学校和公园设置伙伴长椅，帮助更多的人可知，她小小的善举产生了影响。故选B。]
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了向西方普及中国四大发明的英国科学家李约瑟。
56．actually [考查副词。修饰谓语动词应用副词作状语。故填actually。]
57．the [考查冠词。结合语境，此处指将造纸术添加到上文中提到的the Three Great Inventions的清单上，表特指，应使用定冠词。故填the。]
58．who/that [考查强调句型。本句为强调句型，被强调部分为“the British scientist Joseph Needham”，指人。故填who/that。]
59．was [考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，主句缺谓语，结合时间状语in 1937 可知，时态采用一般过去时；主语Needham为第三人称单数，主谓保持一致。故填was。]
60．interested [考查形容词。此处表示“对……感兴趣”，应用固定短语be/become interested in。故填interested。]
61．was sent [考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，句子缺谓语，结合时间状语In 1942可知，时态采用一般过去时；且Needham与send之间为动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态；主语Needham为第三人称单数，主谓保持一致。故填was sent。]
62．to travel [考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词used，故空处使用非谓语动词形式，use...to do sth.是固定用法，意为“使用……做某事”。故填to travel。]
63．discoveries [考查名词复数。根据numerous“许多的”可知，用可数名词的复数形式，作宾语。故填discoveries。]
64．as [考查介词。be considered as...是固定短语，意为“被认为是……”。故填as。]
65．resulting [考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词came out，故空处应填非谓语动词形式，表示顺其自然的结果，应用现在分词作状语。故填resulting。]
第一节 参考范文
My Favourite Agricultural Scientist
Of so many famous scientists all over the world，I admire Yuan Longping most，an agricultural scientist of China.
He was determined to help people get rid of hunger since he graduated from college.Afterwards，he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that had a high output in 1973.It is thanks to his research that farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.Yuan Longping has made such a great contribution to mankind that he is respected and admired by people all over the world.
All in all，we must learn from this great scientist so as to serve our country better when we grow up.
第二节 参考范文
Joel stepped onto the stage，his heart beating wildly.With a microphone in hand and a rush of excitement over him，he began to rap，pouring his heart and soul into every lyric.The audience was taken aback by this young talent，and their cheers grew louder and louder.Joel’s confidence built up as he realized that he had the power to connect with people through his music.He performed even harder，winning a round of claps.Latto，who had been backstage，was drawn to the young rapper’s energy and charm.
Witnessing Joel’s incredible performance，Latto approached him.She offered her words of praise and encouragement.Over the following weeks，Latto provided Joel with invaluable advice based on her experience.They cooperated and developed a friendship rooted in their shared love for music.And finally，Joel’s rap skills gained recognition.Through hard work，perseverance，and an unexpected encounter with Latto，Joel transformed from a small-town dreamer to a respected rapper.His journey became a proof of the magic that can unfold when talent and opportunity meet，reminding everyone that dreams really can become reality.
