【学霸笔记：同步精讲】24 UNIT 3 Section Ⅰ Period 3 课时学案 语言知识讲练 课件--北师大版英语选择性必修第一册

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复习任务群一
现代文阅读Ⅰ
把握共性之“新”　打通应考之“脉”
UNIT 3　CONSERVATION
主题语境 人与自然——人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系
Period 3　课时学案 语言知识讲练
Section Ⅰ　TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1
1．switch vi．& vt．转换，改变
The remote control allows you to switch easily between TV channels．
遥控器让你在不同电视频道之间轻松地转换。
[知识拓展]
switch off 　　　　 切断(电源等)
switch on 打开(开关)；接通(电源等)
switch (from…) to… (从……)转变成……，(从……)转换
到……
switch sth．with sb． 和某人交换某物
switch over 转换；转接
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Switch ___ the TV before you go out．
②She switched __ the lamp because it was dark．
③We asked them if they would switch places ____ us．
off
on
with
2．urgent adj．紧急的，急迫的
He asked to see the manager for something urgent．
他有急事求见经理。
[知识拓展]
(1)urge v．　　　　 催促；敦促；力劝；强烈要求
urge sb．to do sth．/into doing sth． 敦促某人做某事
urge that sb．(should) do sth． 敦促某人做某事
urge sth．on sb． 向某人提出/力陈某事
(2)urgency n． 紧迫；急迫；紧急的事
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The report urged that all children _______________ (teach) to swim．
②He denounces people who urge him __________(change) his ways．
③I need not press on you the _______(urgent) of the matter．
(should) be taught
to change
urgency
[知识拓展]
die away 　　　 逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊，逐渐消失
die down 逐渐降低，逐渐平息
die off 相继死去
die of 死于(内因)
die from 死于(外因)
3．die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝
As a result these endangered animals may even die out．
结果，这些濒危动物甚至会灭绝。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①As the region is becoming hotter，this kind of grass is dying ___．
②Their chatter and laughter died _____ as the group rushed out of the classroom．
③When all the guests had left，the whole house died _____．
④We need to take action before all the endangered animals die ___．
off
away
down
out
[知识拓展]
wipe away　　　　　　 擦去，消除
wipe off 擦掉，除掉
wipe up 擦净
wipe sth．from/off sth． 从……上擦去……
wipe…with… 用……擦……
4．wipe out 彻底毁灭
The plague once could wipe out a village．
鼠疫曾一度可以夺走整个村庄村民的生命。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①When you've finished with it，simply wipe it clean ____ a damp cloth．
②He wiped the marks _________ the wall．
with
off/from
5．varied adj．各种各样的，形形色色的
It is essential that your diet is varied and balanced．
关键是你的饮食要多样化，并保持均衡。
[知识拓展]
(1)various adj．　　　　　　　各种各样的
for various reasons 因种种理由
(2)variety n． 变化；品种；种类；多样化
a variety of/varieties of 多种多样的
(3)vary v． 变化；不同
vary with… 随……而变化
vary from…to… 从……到……变化不等
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①They were late for the meeting for a _______ (vary) of reasons．
②There are _______________(vary) plants and flowers in the park．
③The weather here ______(vary) with seasons．
variety
various/varied
varies
6．decrease n．减少；减少的量vi．& vt．减少
If their habitat is threatened or they cannot find enough food，their numbers may decrease．
如果它们的栖息地受到威胁或者它们找不到足够的食物，它们的数量就会减少。
[知识拓展]
(1)on the decrease 　　　　 在减少中
a decrease in… 在……方面减少
(2)decrease to… 减少到……
decrease by… 减少了……
decrease from…to… 从……减少到……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①There is a decrease of nearly 7% __ the number of visitors to the museum．
②The number of independent firms decreased from 198 __ 96．
③Because of human activity，the number of some rare animals is __ the decrease．
in
to
on
[名师点津]　
decrease的反义词increase的用法：
increase to 增加/增长到……
increase by 增加/增长了……
on the increase 在增加中
7．blame vt．责怪，指责
It seemed that the water was to blame．
看来水是罪魁祸首。
[知识拓展]
(1)be to blame　　　 把……归咎于
be to blame for sth． 对某事负有责任
blame sb．for sth． 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人
blame sth．on sb．/sth． 把某事归咎于某人/某事
(2)put/lay the blame for sth．on sb． 将某事归咎于某人
get/accept/bear/take the blame for sth． 对某事承担责任
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①If that happens，the coach will take ___ blame for it．
②You are not _________ (blame)．I can't put the blame __ you．
③You shouldn't blame John ___ the failure．
＝You shouldn't blame the failure __ John．
the
to blame
on
for
on
8．affect vt．影响
I had to make an important decision that would affect me for the rest of my life．
我不得不作出将影响我后半生的重大决定。
[知识拓展]
(1)affect sb．/sth．　　　 影响某人/某物
(2)effect n． 结果；效力；影响；效果；作用
put/bring…into effect 使……生效，实行……
in effect 事实上；实际上
take effect 生效；奏效
come into effect 开始实施；开始生效
have an effect on 对……有影响
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译
①__ effect，we feel superior to them．
②The new law is said to have come ____ effect from April．
③Great scientific achievements will _________________ as well as society．
＝Great scientific achievements will ________________________ as well as society．
重大的科学成就将对我们的生活和社会产生很大的影响。
In
into
greatly affect our life
have a great effect on our life
9．be at risk处境危险，受到威胁
As with all diseases，certain groups will be more at risk than others．
所有的疾病都是如此，一些人比另一些人更容易受到威胁。
[知识拓展]
(1)at risk of　　　　 处于……的危险之中
at all risks＝at any risk 无论冒什么风险
at the risk of… 冒……的危险
take risks/a risk 冒险
take/run the risk of doing sth． 冒险做某事；冒着做某事的危险/风险
(2)risk doing sth． 冒险做某事
risk one's life to do sth． 冒着生命危险做某事
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He jumped into the river __ the risk of losing his life．
②I didn't want to take the risk of _______ (leave) John alone．
③He worked hard，for he couldn't risk ______ (lose) the good job．＝ He worked hard，for he couldn't take/run the risk __ losing the good job．
at
leaving
losing
of
it作形式主语
(教材p．53)It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth，including animals and plants．
很明显，人类活动已经对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。
[句式分析]
句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。
[例1]It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city．
可以确定的是我们城市的多数人将享受免费医疗。
[例2]It was obvious that the driver could not control his car．
显然这位司机无法控制他的汽车了。
[知识拓展]
it 作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句的常见形式有：
(1)It be＋形容词(obvious，possible，strange，natural，important…) ＋that 从句。
(2)It be＋名词短语(a pity，a fact，a wonder，a shame，an honour，no wonder…) ＋that 从句。
(3)It be＋过去分词(said，thought，hoped，believed，declared，supposed，reported…) ＋that 从句。
(4)It＋不及物动词(seem，occur，happen…) ＋that 从句。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①_____________________ nobody will like to have dinner in such a dirty place．
很明显，没有人想在这么脏的地方吃饭。
②_____________________ we failed to fulfil the task ahead of time．
我们没能提前完成任务，真感到惭愧。
③______________________ it is the earliest and largest paper-making workshop site ever found in ancient China．
人们认为这是迄今为止在中国发现的最早和最大的造纸作坊。
④__________________________ I had left my ticket at home．
我突然想起把票忘在家里了。
It is obvious that
It's a shame that
It is believed that
It occurred to me that
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．It was surprising ____ she passed the difficult exam．
2．At the risk of _____________ (blame)，he drove his father's car to school．
3．Oil spills are having a devastating effect __ coral reefs in the ocean．
4．The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased __ 700 persons．
that
being blamed
on
to
5．Tom's life was _______________ (vary) and pleasant enough，on the whole．
6．The tsunami that followed engulfed the northeast and wiped ___ entire towns．
7．Many of our old customs are _____ (die) out day by day．
8．We need to switch ___ the cell phone and leave the children to play by themselves．
varied/various
out
dying
off
9．The country needs new leadership if she is to play a role __ future development．
10．The society was set up to preserve __________(endanger) species from extinction．
in
endangered
Ⅱ．单句写作
1．如果我们不采取行动，许多物种将很快灭绝。
Many species ____________________ if we don't take action．
2．在这些无私的医生的影响下，我喜欢上了这个职业。
____________________________，I have developed a deep affection for the career．
3．正当他绞尽脑汁寻找原因时，他突然想到他们一定要为这次事故负责。
While he was racking his brain for reasons，it suddenly occurred to him that they must _______________________．
will soon die out
Affected by those selfless doctors
be to blame for the accident
4．一只凶猛的狼追赶着我，我意识到我有危险。
I realised that I _________ with a fierce wolf chasing me．
5．有人建议孩子们与父母沟通，为建立和谐的家庭关系作出贡献。
________________ children should communicate with their parents，making contributions to building a harmonious family relationship．
was at risk
It is suggested that
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
In our Earth's history，there have been five times 1．_____ life on Earth has almost ended．The third mass extinction 2．______(kill) 90% to 96% of all species and the fifth event caused the 3．_____(die) of the dinosaurs．The natural reasons include volcanic eruptions，asteroids hitting the Earth from space，changes in sea levels，the decrease 4．__ the oxygen content of the sea 5．___ global warming．This time，human activity will be 6．_________(blame) for the Earth's sixth mass extinction．Air and water pollution，forests being destroyed，factory
when
killed
death
of
and
to blame
farming and overfishing are causing species to die out 1，000 times 7．_____(fast) than normal．We ought to take action to avoid a 8．_____(six) extinction now，which means we have to save 9．__________(endanger) species，change how we work and travel and improve our farming methods to reduce water，air and land pollution．In short，if we want to survive，we need to stop 10．__________(destroy) the planet that we live on and start to protect it．
faster
sixth
endangered
destroying
谢 谢！