【学霸笔记：同步精讲】04 UNIT 1 Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 课件--译林版英语选择性必修第一册

(共50张PPT)
复习任务群一
现代文阅读Ⅰ
把握共性之“新”　打通应考之“脉”
Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage)
UNIT 1　
Food matters
主题语境　人与自我——健康的生活方式
1．throw oneself into 投身于，热衷于
throw away 　　　　　 扔掉
throw about 乱丢；乱扔(东西)
throw sb．over 抛弃某人；同某人绝交
throw...at... 朝……扔，向……砸去
throw off 匆匆脱掉；摆脱
throw...to... 把……传给……；把……扔给……
throw sb． out 轰走；撵走；逐出
throw up 呕吐
throw yourself/sth．into sth． 投身于；积极从事
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①To make matters worse，the strange smell of the cream made me throw ____ what I ate．
②He asked us not to throw _______ waste paper．
③下个月将举行一场科学夏令营，目标是鼓励更多的学生投身科学研究。
A science summer camp will be held next month with the aim of encouraging more students ___________________________________．
up
about
to throw themselves into scientific research
④男孩匆匆脱下衣服，跳入水中去救那个女孩。
The boy _______________________ and jumped into the water to save the girl．
threw off his clothes
2．impress vt．& vi．使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到
(1)impress...on...　 把……印在……上
impress sth．on/upon sb． ＝impress sb．with sth．
使某人牢记某事
be impressed by/with sth． 对……印象深刻
(2)impressive adj． 给人深刻印象的
(3)impression n． 印象；效果
leave/make/create a(n)...impression on sb．
给某人留下……的印象
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译
①The girl impressed her friends ______ her generosity．
②She was a very strong，____________ (impress) character and one of the most inspiring people I've ever met．
③所有的观众都对他出色的表演印象深刻。
a．All the audience ________________________________ his amazing performance． (impress)
b．His amazing performance __________________________________ all the audience． (impression)
with
impressive
were impressed by/with
left/made/created a deep impression on
3．bet n．打赌，赌注；预计，估计 vi．& vt．下赌注，打赌；敢说
(1)bet on...　　　 就……打赌，打……的赌
I bet (that...) 我敢打赌/我敢说(……)
(2)my bet is that/it is my bet that... 我敢说……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Don't bet ____ me still being here when you get back!
②我敢断言，当人工智能真正出现的时候，它会是智慧的，但不会十分类似于人类。
___________________________________________________ artificial intelligence，when it comes，will be intelligent but not very humanlike．
on
My bet is that/It is my bet that/I bet (that)
P6
1．_________ 在外面吃(尤指在餐馆用餐)
2．___________________ 就在不久前
3．_________________________________ 渴望尝试新餐馆
4．_____________________________________ 增进与朋友们的关系
5．___________________________ 偶然发现一个烹饪应用程序
6．______________________ 各种各样的食谱
eat out
not that long ago
be eager to try new restaurants
enhance the relationship with friends
come across a cooking app
a variety of recipes
7．__________________________ 一步一步地跟他们学
8．______________________________ 对初学者非常有用
9．_______________ 试一试
10．________________________________ 全身心投入到家庭烹饪中
11．_________________________ 在锅里煮面条
12．______________________ 在平底锅里煎牛排
follow them step by step
be very useful for beginners
give it a try
throw myself into home cooking
boil noodles in the pot
fry steak in the pan
P7
1．____________________________ 有一天开一家餐馆
2．____________ 只要
3．______________________ 恐高
4．_____________________________________ 让你欣赏到海湾的美景
5．______________ 更好的是
6．_________________________ 看外面的风景
open a restaurant some day
as long as
be afraid of heights
give you an amazing view of the bay
better still
see the scenery outside
7．____________________________ 对风景感到厌倦
8．_______________ 你的最佳决策或选择
9．________________________ 在特殊场合
get bored with the scenery
your best bet
for a special occasion
动词不定式作主语和表语
[观察例句]
观察例句并指出黑体部分的语法作用
1．To get there by bike will take us half an hour． ________
2．Her job is to take care of the children in the kindergarten． ________
3．To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe． ________
4．To have known you is a privilege． ________
5．The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children． ________
作主语
作表语
作主语
作主语
作表语
[归纳用法]
一、动词不定式作主语
1．动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词常常用单数。例如：
To do morning exercises is useful for our health．
做早操有利于我们的健康。
To sweep the floor is my duty every day．
每天扫地是我的责任。
2．如果动词不定式太长，常常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语——动词不定式后置。例如：
It took me half an hour to walk there．
我走到那儿花了半小时的时间。
It's important for us to learn English well．
对我们来说，学好英语是重要的。
[名师点津]　it作形式主语时常用动词不定式作真正的主语。常见的句型有：
(1)It is＋adj．＋for/of sb． to do sth．
这种句型中不定式的逻辑主语一般用for短语来表示，即for sb． to do sth．。注意：当表语形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，则不用for，而用of。
It's important for us to keep the water clean．
保持水质洁净对我们来说是很重要的。
It's very kind of you to say so．
你这样说真是太好了。
(2)It is＋n．＋to do sth．
It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship．
乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。
(3)It takes (took/will take) sb． some time/money to do sth．
It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening．
昨天晚上我做作业用了一个多小时。
3．动词不定式与疑问词which，what，when，where，how等连用，也可作主语。
How to use the computer is a question．
如何使用计算机是个问题。
Where to go has not been decided．
去哪儿还没有定下来。
4．动词不定式的被动形式作主语。
To be admitted by a key university is difficult for him．
对他来说，被一所重点大学录取是困难的。
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空/补全句子
①_________ (talk) with her is a great pleasure．
②It's dangerous _____ you to walk through the forest alone．
③It's careless ____ you to give me the wrong number．
④________________(offer) sympathy by a robot is ridiculous．
⑤__________________________ (如何操作这台机器) is a question．
⑥It took him one hour ____________________(修理他的自行车)．
To talk
for
of
To be offered
How to operate the machine
to repair his bike
二、动词不定式作表语
1．表示目的。
The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required．
下一步你要弄清楚真正需要的是什么。
2．表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果、不幸的命运或预言。
He was to perish in a shipwreck and to leave his wife and two children．
后来他在一次船只失事中死了，留下了妻子和两个孩子。
3．用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求意见。
What am I to say if they ask me the question
要是他们问我这个问题，我该怎么回答呢？
What am I to do if I have no money
如果没有钱，我该怎么办呢？
4．表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等。
They are to marry next week．
他们将在下周结婚。(安排)
Children are not to smoke．
儿童不准吸烟。(禁止)
5．用主动形式表示被动意义。
She is to blame．
她应该受到责备。
A great deal is yet to do．
还有许多事要做。
[名师点津]　(1)如果be动词前有实义动词do或do的其他形式(does，did)，作表语的不定式可以省略to。
What we can do now is wait here patiently．
我们现在能做的就是在这儿耐心等待。
(2)“疑问词＋不定式”也可以作表语。
The question is how to finish the work．
问题是如何完成这项工作。
(3)不定式的被动形式也可以作表语。
You are to be rewarded．
你应该受到奖励。
[即时训练2]　单句语法填空/补全句子
①The festival is ____________ (hold) next Friday．
②Who is __________ (blame) for starting the fire
③The duty of a doctor is __________ (treat) the sick，to cure the injured，and to save lives．
④His wish is ______________(买一辆车)in the near future．
⑤In the evening，the only thing he could do was __________________ __________(安静地读书)．
to be held
to blame
to treat
to buy a car
(to) read a book
quietly
短文语法填空
These days，1．______ to eat is important． Some people's opinion is 2．__________(have) something that they think tastes good．
However，3．_______ (do) so，to some extent，is 4．________ (eat)an unbalanced diet， which often results in short-term or long -term health issues． If your aim is 5．_________ (keep) healthy，then you need a balanced diet． Needless to say，it is not always easy 6．_________ (plan) such a diet，but the good thing is that you can easily get a lot of advice today．
what
to have
to do
to eat
to keep
to plan
What you could do first is 7．_____________ (look) at a“food pyramid”—a chart whose function is 8．_________ (show) you how to eat healthily． Besides，it is easy 9．_________ (make) healthy food at home and try 10．__________ (avoid) eating takeout or fast food． It is important for you to eat healthy food． You will feel better，have more energy，and have fewer health problems in later life．
(to) look
to show
to make
to avoid
第二篇课文(Extended reading)
①heat up 加热
②loose adj．不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的
let sth． loose 释放；放任
③be covered with 覆盖
④chilli n．辣椒
a beautiful layer of chillies 一层漂亮的辣椒
⑤pepper n．甜椒；胡椒粉
Sichuan pepper 花椒
⑥onion n．洋葱，葱头
spring onion 小葱，香葱
⑦at first 一开始
⑧tip... into... 把……倒进……
⑨damp adj．潮湿的，湿气重的
⑩foggy adj．有雾的，雾茫茫的
start off 开始
dynasty n．朝，代；王朝
in the late Qing Dynasty 在晚清
over time 随着时间的推移
expand vt．& vi．增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述
multiple adj．数量多的，多样的
multiple options 多种选择
sauce n．调味汁，酱
appeal to 对……有吸引力
socialize with friends 和朋友交流
plain adj．朴素的，简单的；清楚的 n．平原
slice n．薄片，片；部分，份额vt．把……切成片；切开，割破
my first helping 我的第一份
chef n．主厨，厨师
for centuries 几个世纪以来
in particular 特别
without equal 无与伦比
property n．性质，特性；所有物，财产；不动产
appropriate adj．合适的
estimate vt．估计，估价 n．估计；估计的成本
it is estimated that... 据估计……
consume vt．吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)
hit the spot 使人满意，正合需要
Cantonese adj．广东人(或文化)的，粤语的n．广东人；粤语
dim sum n．点心
essential adj．必不可少的；本质的，基本的
innovation n．创造，创新；新思想，新方法
a variety of 各种各样的
concept n．概念，观念
stimulate vt．促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋
appetite n．食欲，胃口；强烈欲望
delicate adj．精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的
emphasis n．强调，重视；重读
work one's way through 自始至终做……
steam vt．& vi．蒸；散发蒸汽 n．水蒸气；蒸汽动力；水汽
a long list of 一长串的
Eating in China
7 March，Sichuan hot pot
The mouth- watering hot pots of Sichuan are as famous overseas as they are in China[1]，and the hot flavour is enough to heat up① a cold midwinter evening or to let loose② rivers of sweat on a summer afternoon．
I gave it my first try last night，together with a few local friends． As the soup bubbled slowly over a gas burner in the middle of the table[2]，its surface was covered with③ a beautiful layer of chillies④，Sichuan
peppers⑤，spring onions⑥ and red oil． Slowly at first⑦，and then faster and faster，we tipped plates of fresh meat，fish and vegetables into⑧ the pot． The hot flavour quickened our laughter and conversation，making the meal the perfect way to relax with friends．
[1]as...as引导比较状语从句。
[2]as引导时间状语从句。
Sichuan hot pots are perfect for the damp⑨，foggy⑩ climate in which they were invented[3]． They are believed to have started off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters． In the beginning，the delicious dish was made simply by boiling vegetables，chillies and Sichuan peppers in water． Over time ，it has expanded to include multiple options of soups，vegetables，meats and sauces ，appealing to people of different tastes． What I love best about Sichuan hot pots is that they offer a great opportunity to socialize with friends since a meal can last for hours．[4] I instantly became a big fan of Sichuan hot pots and I'll soon be back for more!
[3]in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词climate。
[4]句中is前面的What I...hot pots为主语从句，后面是that引导表语从句；since a meal can last for hours为原因状语从句。
12 August，Nanjing salted duck
Salted duck is Nanjing's most famous food export． Served plain in thin，white slices ，the meat is juicy and salty． Each Nanjing salted duck takes several days to prepare，and the process includes salting，drying，boiling and cooling． As I finished my first helping on a recent afternoon in Nanjing[5]，my host，Chef Zhang，told me a little more about the dish．
[5]as引导时间状语从句。
The countryside around Nanjing has been famous for its ducks for centuries ； its countless waterways make the area perfect for raising waterbirds． A local history book from the late Qing Dynasty praised salted duck in particular ，saying it was without equal [6]． Traditionally，duck is considered to have cooling properties ，so it is appropriate for the hot summer months． Nowadays，people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing[7]! It definitely hit the spot when I tried it，and it has become one of my personal favourites．
[6]动词- ing形式短语作伴随状语，其中it was without equal为省略了that的宾语从句。
[7]it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that从句。
8 December，Cantonese dim sum
In Guangzhou，morning tea is such an essential part of the daily routine that“Have you had your tea？” has become the local version of“Good morning．”[8] Though teahouses have been common in China since the Tang Dynasty，the Cantonese innovation of the mid-19th century was to serve tea together with a variety of light dishes，or dim sum[9]． The concept took off，and today Guangzhou's restaurants stimulate customers' appetite with over a thousand offerings，each more delicate and delicious than the last．
[8]such...that...引导结果状语从句。
[9]不定式短语作表语。
[10]as引导非限制性定语从句；when引导时间状语从句。
The Cantonese do not hurry over their breakfasts，as I found when I visited a restaurant in Guangzhou's old city centre this morning[10]．
The emphasis is rather on conversation about business，family or pleasure，and locals can spend hours together chatting，drinking tea and working their way through the menu． From beef balls to rice noodle rolls，there are various dishes that have been baked，boiled，steamed or fried． A single visit is not enough to appreciate everything，and I have a long list of dim sum I still need to try．
吃在中国
3月7日，四川火锅
令人垂涎欲滴的四川火锅在海外和国内都很有名，辛辣的味道足以让寒冷的仲冬夜晚热起来，或者在夏天的下午让人汗流浃背。昨晚我和几个当地的朋友第一次尝试了一下。当桌子中央煤气灶上的汤慢慢地冒泡时，它的表面覆盖着一层漂亮的辣椒、花椒、小葱和红油。我们把一盘盘新鲜的肉、鱼和蔬菜倒进锅里，一开始慢，到后来越来越快。辛辣的味道让我们更活跃地谈笑起来，使这顿饭成为与朋友放松的完美方式。
四川火锅非常适合其发源地潮湿多雾的气候。它们被认为始于晚清，是当时长江上的船夫在寒冷潮湿的冬天保暖的一种方式。一开始，这道美味的菜肴是简单地把蔬菜、辣椒和花椒放在水里煮。随着时间的推移，它已经扩展到包括汤、蔬菜、肉类和酱汁的多种选择，吸引了不同口味的人。对于四川火锅我最喜欢的是，它们提供了一个和朋友交流的好机会，因为一顿饭可以持续好几个小时。我立刻成为了四川火锅的超级粉丝，我很快就会回来再吃的！
8月12日，南京盐水鸭
盐水鸭是南京最著名的出口食品。鸭肉端上来是简单的、白白的薄片，肉质多汁且带有咸味。每只南京盐水鸭都需要几天的准备时间，这个过程包括腌制、烘干、煮熟和冷却。最近一天下午，我在南京吃完我的第一份(盐水鸭)后，招待我的张大厨向我介绍了更多有关这道菜的事情。
几个世纪以来，南京周围的乡村一直以其鸭子而闻名；无数的水道使这个地区成为饲养水禽的最佳场所。晚清的一本地方史书特别称赞了盐水鸭，说它无与伦比。传统上，人们认为鸭子具有凉性，所以在炎热的夏天吃鸭子很合适。如今，人们一年四季都吃盐水鸭，据估计，在南京人们每天要吃掉数万只鸭子！ 我尝了盐水鸭，真的太对我胃口了，(现在)它已经成了我最喜欢的食物之一。
12月8日，广东点心
在广州，早茶是人们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分，以至于“喝茶了吗？”已成为当地版的“早上好”。虽然在中国茶馆从唐朝开始就很普遍，但在19世纪中叶，广东人的创新是把茶和各种清淡食物或点心一起端上来。这个观念流行起来，如今广州的各家餐厅用一千多种点心使食客们胃口大开，一道比一道更精致、美味。
今天早上，我在广州旧城中心的一家餐馆参观时发现，广东人吃早餐并不匆忙。重点而是在谈生意、话家常或消遣，当地人可以花好几个小时聚在一起聊天、喝茶，慢慢地吃遍菜单上所有的点心。从牛肉丸到肠粉，有各种各样的经过烘焙、煮、蒸或油炸的菜肴。只去一次并不足以品尝所有的东西，我还有很多品种的点心要尝尝。
谢 谢！