【学霸笔记：同步精讲】11 UNIT 2 Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 课件--译林版英语选择性必修第一册

(共57张PPT)
复习任务群一
现代文阅读Ⅰ
把握共性之“新”　打通应考之“脉”
Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage)
UNIT 2　
The universal language
主题语境 人与社会——音乐领域的代表性作品和人物
1．get down to (doing) sth．开始做某事，开始认真注意(或对待)某事
get along/on with　 相处；进展
get sth．across 使(被)理解；把……表达清楚；传达
get into 进入；陷入；染上(坏习惯)；开始；参与
get over 解决，克服；从(疾病、震惊中)恢复常态
get through 通过；完成；打电话；度过
get away with 被放过；(做坏事)不受惩罚
[即学即练]　 完成语段
现在是时候着手改变我们的传统教育理念了。让老师和家长们弄清楚一点，我们不仅要强调学业成绩，还要强调其他技能，这是很有必要的。例如，让学生们有能力克服困难，避免养成诸如吸烟等坏习惯，并与他人和睦相处。
It's high time that we ________________________ transforming our traditional education concept． It is essential to ____________ to the teachers and parents that we should put emphasis on not only academic performances but other skills． For example，let students have the ability to __________ difficulties，to avoid ______________ bad habits such as smoking and to ________________________ others．
should get/got down to
get across
get over
getting into
get along/on well with
2．suitable adj．合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的
(1)be suitable for...　　　 对……适合
be suitable to do sth． 适合做某事
(2)suitably adv． 合适地；适当地
(3)suit v． 合(某人)心意；适合
n． 一套外衣；套装
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①We need to find someone __________ (suit) to replace Mary．
②It is not suitable for you __________ (dress) like that for a party．
③所以我们想邀请你加入我们，我们相信没有人比你更适合这个比赛。
So we'd like to invite you to join us and we do believe that there is no one _____________________________________________．
suitable
to dress
more suitable than you for this competition
3． distant adj．遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的
(1)be distant from...　 离……遥远
(2)distance n． 距离，路程；远处，远方
in the distance 在远处
at a distance 离一段距离；从远处；从长远来看
keep sb．at a distance＝keep a distance from sb．
与某人保持一定的距离；反应冷淡
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The Indians used to put their ears to the ground to hear a _________ (distance) noise．
②The only way I can cope with my mother is at ___ distance．
③最后但同样重要的是，你应该与患感冒的病人保持距离。
Last but not least，you should _________________________________ who are suffering from cold．
distant
a
keep a far distance from the patients
4．accompany vt．陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏
(1)accompany sb．＝keep sb．company 陪伴某人
accompany sb．at/on sth． 用某物给某人伴奏
accompany sb．to... 陪某人到……
be accompanied by... 由……陪同/随行/伴奏
have sth．accompanied with... 带有……的
(2)company n． 陪伴；公司
companion n． 同伴，伙伴
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Please excuse me for my being unable to accompany you ____ the bookstore．
②When he was sent to hospital he had a high fever _____________ (accompany) with cough．
to
accompanied
③她父亲陪她去音乐会，当她唱歌时她父亲为她钢琴伴奏。在音乐的伴奏下她的歌声听起来优美极了。
Her father ____________________ the concert and when she sang her father ____________________ the piano． Her song sounded wonderful __________________________．
accompanied her to
accompanied her on
accompanied by the music
5．expectation n．希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望
in expectation of　　　 期待；指望
beyond expectations 料想不到，出乎预料
have little/no expectation of doing sth． 没希望做某事
have every/an expectation of doing sth． 有希望做某事
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①She ate a light lunch ____ expectation of a good dinner．
②He has little expectation of _________ (pass) the exam．
③在今天的比赛中，中国篮球队打得出乎意料。
In today's game the Chinese basketball team played ________________．
in
passing
beyond expectations
P20
1．________________________________ 对他的技术评价很高
2．___________________________________ 听河水流动的声音
3．________________________________ 厌倦分享他的音乐
4．________________________ 他们各奔东西
5．_________________ 没有出现
6．_________________________ 伤心欲绝
think highly of his techniques
hear the sound of a river flowing
get tired of sharing his music
go their separate ways
fail to show up
be overcome with sorrow
P21
1．____________________________________ 能够代表人类
2．_____________________________ 这个问题的一个答案
3．________________________ 存在于其他星球上
4．_________________________________ 迎接太空中的智慧生命
5．_____________________________________ 开始选择合适的音乐
6．_____________________ 在一个遥远的星球上
be capable of representing mankind
one answer to this question
exist on other planets
greet intelligent life in space
get down to choosing suitable music
on a distant planet
P23
1．______________________ 准备上学
2．______________________ 冲下楼梯
3．____________________ 把音量调大
4．____________________________ 站着盯着收音机
5．________________ 屏住我的呼吸
get ready for school
rush down the stairs
turn up the volume
stand staring at the radio
hold my breath
6．________________________________ 发掘歌曲之美
7．____________________________________ 吸引年轻人的注意
8．___________________________________ 把我带回到少年时代
9．________________________ 用我最大的声音
10．_________________________________ 陪我一辈子
uncover the beauty of the song
grab the attention of young people
be taken back to my teenage years
at the top of my voice
accompany me throughout my life
动词- ing形式作主语和宾语
[观察例句]
观察例句并指出黑体部分的语法作用
1．Learning to understand and share the value system of a whole society cannot be achieved just in the home． ________
2．Taking exercise every morning helps make one healthy． ________
3．I consider waiting a bit longer before I give up． ________
4．I can't imagine marrying such a woman． ________
5．I kept studying English for an hour yesterday evening． ________
作主语
作主语
作宾语
作宾语
作宾语
[归纳用法]
1．动词 -ing形式作主语
(1)往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数。
Swimming is my favourite sport．
游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
Collecting stamps is his hobby．
集邮是他的爱好。
[名师点津]　动词- ing形式和不定式都可以作主语。动词- ing形式作主语表示一般或抽象的多次行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。作宾语时也是如此。
Playing with fire is dangerous．
玩火危险。(泛指)
Be careful！To play with fire will be dangerous．
小心点！玩火会带来危险。(指一具体动作)
(2)在it is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/a waste of time/fun等后需用动词- ing形式作真正的主语，句首的it是形式主语。
It's no use waiting for him any longer．
再等他是没有用的。
It's a waste of time arguing about it．
争论此事就是浪费时间。
(3)当句型“There is no...”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动词 -ing形式作主语。
There is no joking about such matters．
这种事开不得玩笑。
(4)动词- ing形式的复合结构作主语。
①肯定形式：形容词性物主代词/名词的所有格＋doing...。
②否定形式：形容词性物主代词/名词的所有格＋not doing...。
His/Tom's being late made the teacher very angry．
他的/汤姆的迟到使老师很生气。
Jerry's not arriving on time made the people present angry．
杰瑞未能按时到达令在场的人很生气。
(5)动词- ing的被动形式作主语。
Being punished is not a good thing．
被惩罚不是一件好事。
Not being allowed to go out makes him very angry．
不让他出去使他非常生气。
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空
①Mary's __________ (marry) such an old man made us all surprised．
②It's no use _____________ (complain) without taking action．
③On the other hand，_______ (be) young and old at the same time has its attractions．
④_______________ (invite) to the party was a great honour to the family．
⑤___________ (produce) food that no one eats wastes the water，fuel，and other resources used to grow it．
marrying
complaining
being
Being invited
Producing
2．动词- ing形式作宾语
(1)作动词的宾语。下面的口诀能帮你记住可接动词- ing形式作宾语的常见动词：
避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)
建议完成多练习(advise，finish，practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，can't help)
承认否定与嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)
Would you mind opening the window
你介意打开窗子吗？
(2)作介词的宾语。
动词 -ing形式位于介词之后，构成介词短语，在句中作定语或状语。
These measures have created conditions for raising the output of steel．
这些措施为提高钢的产量创造了条件。
One never loses by doing a good turn．
[谚]行善者绝无一失。
After looking at his watch，he hurried to the station．
看了看表后，他匆忙赶往车站。
(3)英语中有一些动词短语后也常跟动词- ing形式作宾语。常见的这类动词短语有：insist on，object to，be good at，lead to，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，devote to，get used to，pay attention to，be worth，dream of等。
He insisted on doing it in his own way．
他坚持要按照自己的方法做这件事。
I have never dreamed of visiting that place．
我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。
(4)在以下结构中，动词- ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。
spend... (in) doing sth．花费……做某事
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth．做……有困难/麻烦
stop/prevent...(from) doing sth．阻止……做某事
waste time (in) doing sth．浪费时间做某事
be busy (in) doing sth．忙于做某事
have a good/hard time (in) doing sth．高兴做某事/费力做某事
There is no point (in) doing sth．做某事毫无意义。
[即时训练2]　单句语法填空
①The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them _________ (feel) lonely．
②He devotes himself to _________ (look) into the matter．
③He is always busy _________(work) every day，which has made him have little time to play with his child．
④He managed to escape ______________ (catch) by a fierce dog．
⑤Now that we have finished our work，there is no point _________ (stay) any longer．
feeling
looking
working
being caught
staying
(5)有些动词或动词短语后跟动词 -ing形式或不定式都可以，但意思不同。
(6)下列动词可接动词- ing的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。
need/want/require/deserve doing＝need/want/require/deserve to be done
The bike needs
这辆自行车需要修理。
(7)动词- ing形式的复合结构作宾语。
作宾语的动词- ing形式的复合结构的肯定形式为：
＋动词- ing形式
Would you mind my/me closing the window
你介意我关上窗户吗？
Would you mind Mary's/Mary closing the window
你介意玛丽关上窗户吗？
[即时训练3]　单句语法填空
①I remember ________ (see) her before，but I can't remember when it was．
②You must remember _________ (tell) Jackson the news tonight．
③I didn't mean __________ (visit) him yesterday afternoon．
④Giving up your plan means ________ (lose) a large amount of money．
⑤All of us stopped ________ (talk) when we saw our teacher come in．
⑥She felt thirsty，so she stopped ________ (get) a drink of water．
seeing
to tell
to visit
losing
talking
to get
短文语法填空
Every time I mention 1．________ (take) an exam at home，my parents can't help 2．___________ (explore) the result，3．_________ (ris k) ruining the so-called harmonious atmosphere．
Parents are busy 4．_________ (win) bread，devoting their heart and soul to 5．____________ (support) their families． They look forward to their children's 6．____________________ (grow) up best．
taking
exploring
risking
winning
supporting
growing
Unemployment and disease are their biggest threats and pressures．
Who are willing to risk 7．________ (lose) their jobs Parents and children have much difficulty 8．_______________ (communicate) with each other． 9．_______________ (understand) their own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey their affection and emotion． Experts suggest 10．___________ (listen) more．
losing
communicating
Understanding
listening
第二篇课文(Extended reading)
①remarkable adj．非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的
a remarkable life非凡的一生
②stream vi．& vt．鱼贯而行，涌动；流，流动n．小溪；(人)流，(车)流
stream into源源不断地流入；涌入
③break into突然开始做(某事)
④enthusiastic adj． 热情的，热心的
break into enthusiastic cheers爆发出热烈的欢呼声
⑤be unaware of不知道；没有察觉到
⑥handkerchief n．手帕，纸巾
⑦vast adj．大量的，辽阔的，巨大的
a vast body of大量的
⑧gifted adj．有才华的，有天赋的
⑨reputation n．名誉，名声
⑩brilliant adj．聪颖的，技艺高的；巧妙的；很成功的；明亮的
prediction n．预言，预测
make predictions about预测
extraordinary adj．不寻常的，非凡的；意想不到的，令人惊奇的
in one's late twenties在某人快三十岁的时候
depress vt．使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气
upset adj．难过的，失望的 vt．使烦恼；搅乱；打翻
possess vt．具有(特质)；拥有；支配，控制
abandon vt．中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃
abandon hope放弃希望
be determined to do...决心做某事
take in接收；领会
perform in public 公演
on stage登台演出
all of a sudden突然，猛地
orchestra n．管弦乐队
desperate adj． 绝望的；不惜冒险的；极其需要的；极严重的
uplifting adj．令人振奋的，鼓舞人心的
uplifting highs令人振奋的高潮
ease n．容易，轻易；舒适，安逸 vi．& vt． (使)宽慰，减轻
with ease熟练地，轻而易举地
genius n．天赋，天资；天才
variation n．变奏，变奏曲；变化，变更；变体，变种
chorus n．合唱曲；副歌；合唱团
grand adj．宏大的，宏伟的；壮丽的，堂皇的
finale n．末乐章，终场，结局；结尾
less than小于；少于；不到
be regarded as被认为是
Beethoven: a remarkable① life
On 7 May 1824，a crowd of music lovers streamed② into a theatre in Vienna to hear the first -ever performance of the great Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No．9．The crowd immediately recognized that they were listening to something truly special，and they broke into③ enthusiastic④ cheers at the end of the symphony．Beethoven，who was almost completely deaf at this point in his life，was unaware of⑤ the audience's response until one of the singers turned him around to face the
crowd．[1] Before him，he saw a sea of people all standing，clapping，and waving their hats and handkerchiefs⑥ to express their appreciation of his masterwork．
[1]本句中who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Beethoven，until引导时间状语从句。
Symphony No．9 was Beethoven's last major piece of music in a vast⑦ body of works written throughout his remarkable life．[2] As a gifted⑧ child，Beethoven was pushed by his father to study music day and night． Not long after，he began to be appreciated for his piano performances． By the time he was a teenager，he had already enjoyed a reputation⑨ as a wonderful young musician．[3] Many important figures in the music world，including the brilliant⑩ musician Mozart，started making predictions about Beethoven's extraordinary future． However，life took a sharp turn． In his late twenties ，Beethoven suffered one of the worst possible twists for a musician: he started to lose his hearing．
[2]本句中动词- ed形式短语written...life作名词works的后置定语。
[3]本句中by the time引导时间状语从句。
The loss of his hearing deeply depressed Beethoven． He was so upset that，at first，he wanted to keep it a secret．[4] In a letter to his brothers，he wrote，“... how could I possibly admit a weakness in the one sense which should be more perfect in me than in others，a sense which I once possessed in the greatest perfection...[5]” Even in his darkest moments，however，Beethoven never abandoned hope． Despite his hearing loss，he was determined to find a way to continue living a life full of music． He used a variety of hearing aids to try to increase the amount of sound he could take in ． When
composing music at the piano，he would put one end of a pencil in his mouth and place the other end against the instrument so that he could feel the notes．[6] Although Beethoven was able to continue composing music，it became increasingly difficult for him to perform in public ． When Beethoven presented Symphony No．9 in Vienna in 1824，it was his first time on stage in over ten years．
[4]本句中so...that...引导结果状语从句。
[5]本句中包含两个which引导的定语从句，都是修饰前面的先行词sense。
[6]本句中when composing...为时间状语从句的省略句，so that引导目的状语从句。
Since that day，Beethoven's Symphony No．9 has become one of the most famous and treasured pieces in the history of classical music． The first movement starts quietly，but all of a sudden the whole orchestra breaks into an energetic theme． You can soon feel the determination—a quality Beethoven understood well because of his hearing difficulties—coursing through the music．[7] The next two movements are full of desperate lows and uplifting highs which perhaps reflect both his suffering and his strong will to fight it． The music moves through technically difficult sections with ease ，showing his genius as a composer． Finally，in the fourth movement，he connects all of the different variations into a joyful chorus ．
[7]本句中Beethoven understood well为省略了that的定语从句，修饰先行词quality，动词- ing 形式短语coursing through the music作名词determination的后置定语。
As Beethoven's last great work，his Symphony No．9 was also a grand finale to his life—he died less than three years after the concert in Vienna，aged 56． For his amazing achievements and for his determination even in his darkest days，Beethoven is regarded as one of the most remarkable musicians who ever lived．[8]
[8]本句中两个介词for短语作原因状语，who ever lived为定语从句，修饰先行词musicians。
贝多芬： 非凡的一生
1824年5月7日，一群音乐爱好者涌入维也纳一家剧院，去听伟大的路德维希·凡·贝多芬《第九交响曲》的首场演出。听众们立刻意识到他们正在听的是真正特别的音乐，当交响乐结束时，他们爆发出热烈的欢呼声。贝多芬，在他生命的这个阶段几乎完全失聪，直到一位歌手让他转过身来面对听众他才意识到听众的反应。他看到面前人山人海，人们站着鼓掌并挥舞着帽子和手帕，表达对他杰作的赞赏。
《第九交响曲》是贝多芬非凡一生中创作的大量作品中的最后一部主要作品。作为一位天才少年，贝多芬被他的父亲逼着日夜学习音乐。不久之后，他的钢琴表演开始受到人们的欣赏。他少年时就已被誉为一名出色的年轻音乐家。音乐界的许多重要人物，包括杰出的音乐家莫扎特，都开始预测贝多芬非凡的未来。然而，生活出现逆转。在他快三十岁的时候，贝多芬经历了一个音乐家可能经历过的最糟糕的转折： 他开始丧失听力。
失聪使贝多芬非常沮丧。一开始，他很难过，想要对此保密。在一封给他兄弟的信中，他写道：“……我怎么可能承认在某种感官上的弱点呢，我应该比其他人更完美，我曾经拥有的感官最完美……” 然而，即使在最黑暗的时刻，贝多芬从未放弃希望。尽管他的听力受损，但他决心要找到一种方法继续过充满音乐的生活。他使用了各种助听器，试图增加他能接收的音量。当他用钢琴谱曲时，他会把铅笔的一头放进嘴里，把另一头抵在钢琴上，这样他就能感觉到音符。虽然贝多芬能够继续创作音乐，但他在公众面前演奏变得越来越困难。当贝多芬1824年在维也纳演奏《第九交响曲》时，这是他十多年来第一次登台演出。
从那天起，贝多芬的《第九交响曲》成为古典音乐史上最著名且最珍贵的作品之一。第一乐章静静地开始，但突然整个管弦乐队进入了一个充满活力的主题。很快你就能感受到这种贯穿在音乐中的决心，这是贝多芬因自己的听力问题而深刻体会到的品质。接下来的两个乐章充满了绝望的低谷和令人振奋的高潮，这也许反映了他的痛苦和他与之斗争的坚强意志。这首乐曲将技术上棘手的部分处理得轻松自如，显示出他作为作曲家的天赋。最后，在第四乐章中，他把所有不同的变奏连接成欢乐的合唱。
作为贝多芬最后一部伟大的作品，他的《第九交响曲》也是他人生最后的壮丽乐章——他在维也纳音乐会结束后不到三年就去世了，享年56岁。由于他惊人的成就和他即使在最黑暗的日子里的决心，贝多芬被认为是有史以来最杰出的音乐家之一。
谢 谢！