课时提升作业(三)
Ⅰ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
C A D B B B D C
Ⅱ．[参考范文]
Good morning, everyone． It's my great honor to be here and give a speech on saving food．
At present，many students do not cherish food，and this phenomenon is very serious． If everyone does not cherish food，it will pose a major threat to food security． In order to let everyone develop a good habit of cherishing food，here are some suggestions． First of all，start with yourself and take action every day． Secondly，call on more students to cherish food． Finally，call on different social organizations or groups to strengthen publicity activities on food conservation through different forms，so that ordinary people can contribute to food conservation together．
I hope that everyone can get together and jointly cherish food．
That's all． Thank you for listening．
Ⅲ．[参考范文]
Suddenly，an idea formed in my mind．Why not put Mr．Nibbles on the poster？I eagerly sketched out a design featuring Mr．Nibbles in a playful pose，promoting the joy of pet adoption．“Want a pet to play with？Go get one in the local animal shelter．”I admired my work with great satisfaction．The next afternoon，Ollie came over with his notebook．His design was centered on his parrot，Blue，who was singing beautifully“Oh！Be our hero！Give shelter pets a chance to be loved！”We exchanged a smile and engaged in a discussion about the final draft of the poster．
We decided to make both Mr．Nibbles and Blue the stars of the poster．Combining my playful hamster and Ollie's melodious parrot，we created a vibrant and eye catching design．After adding the final touches，we proudly presented our final creation to Mr．Goldberg．His face lit up as he praised the creativity and heartfelt message behind our design．A couple of months later，Mr．Goldberg shared the exciting news that lots of people had come in after seeing the poster．And some of them decided to donate or adopt！We hadn't expected our poster would cause such a sensation，but we did know our small bit of help would create a meaningful ripple．
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有些人喜欢喝黑咖啡的原因：他们是有基因偏爱的。
1．C [细节理解题。根据第三段的“In earlier research，Cornelis and her team discovered that a genetic variant may contribute to why some people enjoy numerous cups of coffee a day，while others do not．”可知，早期的研究主要是关于为什么不同的人喝咖啡的习惯不同。故选C。]
2．A [细节理解题。根据第四段的“We found coffee drinkers with the genetic variant that reflects a faster metabolism of caffeine prefer bitter，black coffee”可知，人们对黑咖啡的偏爱可能有基因基础。故选A。]
3．D [细节理解题。根据第五段的“Instead，she said，people with this gene prefer black coffee and tea because they like the bitter flavor with the boost in mental comfort they desire from caffeine．”可知，Cornelis认为人们喜欢黑咖啡是因为它能给人带来精神安慰。故选D。]
4．B [推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，未来的研究将试图解决人们对其他苦味食物的基因偏好，说明接下来研究人员要探究有基因偏好的更多苦味食物。故选B。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了看电视会让人吃得更多、体重增加及其产生的原因。
5．B [细节理解题。根据第三段的“Hirsch explored the impact of smell，taste and eating behaviors while watching TV by measuring potato chip consumption． (赫希博士通过测量薯片的摄入量，研究了看电视对嗅觉、味觉和饮食行为的影响。)”可知，当赫希进行这项研究时，他测量了志愿者吃薯片的量。故选B。]
6．B [细节理解题。根据第四段的“If you concentrate on how the food tastes，you'll eat less because you'll feel full faster(如果你把注意力集中在食物的味道上，你会吃得更少，因为你会更快地感到饱腹)”可知，当我们把注意力集中在食物的味道上时，我们会更容易感到饱腹。故选B。]
7．D [细节理解题。结合第六段的“The ventromedial nucleus in the hypothalamus，where the so called satiety center is located，tells the body whether it is hungry or full． (下丘脑腹内侧核，也就是所谓的饱腹中枢所在的位置，会告诉身体它是饿了还是饱了。)”和第七段中“整天接触一种气味会欺骗下丘脑”可知，整天做意大利面的人在一天结束后就不想再吃意大利面，是因为气味“告诉”下丘脑，身体已经吃饱了。故选D。]
8．C [写作意图题。文章主要解释了看电视会让人吃得更多、体重增加及其产生的原因。故选C。]
1 / 3课时提升作业(三) (UNIT 1 Writing)
(总分：60分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Prefer your coffee black Then you probably like dark，bitter chocolate，according to new research identifying a genetic basis for those preferences．
If that's you，then congratulations—you are the lucky genetic winner of a sort that may offer you an advantage toward good health，according to caffeine researcher Marilyn Cornelis． Studies find moderate amounts of black coffee have been shown to lower the risk of certain diseases． But those benefits are likely to be more pronounced if the coffee is free of all of the milk，sugars and other fattening flavorings we tend to add．
In earlier research，Cornelis and her team discovered that a genetic variant (变体) may contribute to why some people enjoy numerous cups of coffee a day，while others do not．“People with the gene metabolize(新陈代谢) caffeine faster，so the stimulating effects disappear faster，and they need to drink more coffee，” she said．“This could explain why some individuals seem to be fine consuming a lot more coffee relative to someone else who might become very anxious，” she added．
In a new study，Cornelis analyzed more precise types of coffee drinkers，separating black coffee lovers from cream and sugar lovers．“We found coffee drinkers with the genetic variant that reflects a faster metabolism of caffeine prefer bitter，black coffee，” Cornelis said．“We also found the same genetic variant in people who prefer dark chocolate over the milk chocolate．”
Cornelis and her team didn't think the preference has anything to do with the taste of plain black coffee tea． Instead，she said，people with this gene prefer black coffee and tea because they like the bitter flavor with the boost in mental comfort they desire from caffeine．“It's possible that these people are just very sensitive to the effects of caffeine and they also have that learned behavior with other bitter foods．”
“Future studies will try to deal with the genetic preference for other bitter foods，” Cornelis said，“which are generally linked to more health benefits．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有些人喜欢喝黑咖啡的原因：他们是有基因偏爱的。
1．The earlier study is mainly about ________．
A．why coffee is refreshing
B．why bitter foods attract black coffee lovers
C．why coffee drinking habits vary among people
D．why black coffee is healthier than white coffee
2．According to the text，which of the following is TRUE
A．The preference for black coffee may have a genetic basis．
B．People with the genetic variant are sensitive to sweet flavor．
C．Scientists found a certain genetic variant in milk chocolate lovers．
D．Coffee drinkers with the genetic variant show a slower metabolism of caffeine．
3．Cornelis may agree that people prefer black coffee because of __________．
A．its bitter taste
B．faster metabolism of caffeine
C．the caffeine it has
D．the mental comfort it brings
4．What might the researchers do next
A．Learn more about the health benefits associated with black coffee．
B．Cover more bitter foods with the genetic preference．
C．Analyze more precise types of coffee drinkers．
D．Know more learned behaviors people have．
B
People eat more when they are glued to the television，and the more entertaining the program is，the more they eat，according to new research．
“It seems that distracted(分心的)brains do not notice what the mouth is doing，” said Dr． Alan Hirsch，neurological director of the Smell and Taste Treatment and Research Foundation in Chicago．
Hirsch explored the impact of smell，taste and eating behaviors while watching TV by measuring potato chip consumption． Forty five volunteers ate as many chips as they wanted every six minutes while they watched monologues (滔滔不绝的讲话) by late night talk show hosts David Letterman and Jay Leno． They were still given chips to eat when the television was off． Hirsch found people ate an average of 44 percent more chips while watching Letterman and 42 percent more while viewing Leno，than when they did not watch TV．
“If you concentrate on how the food tastes，you'll eat less because you'll feel full faster，”Hirsch said in an interview at the Endocrine Society's annual meeting in Toronto．“So if that's the case，let's look at the opposite． What if you're distracted If you're distracted，in theory，then you'd eat more．”
Through his research at the foundation，Hirsch has helped people overcome the loss of sense of smell and sense of taste，which typically results in weight gain because the brain does not know when it should stop eating．
The ventromedial nucleus(腹内侧核)in the hypothalamus(下丘脑)，where the so called satiety(饱腹感)center is located，tells the body whether it is hungry or full．“It is inhibited or tricked; the result can be changed in eating patterns，” he said．
“People who cook spaghetti all day don't feel like eating it at the end of the day，” said Hirsch．“By being exposed to a smell all day long it's tricking the hypothalamus．”
Volunteers were asked to concentrate on the sensory characteristics of the food such as taste and smell． Researchers say these sensory clues，in addition to inner body changes，mark satiety．
But when distracted，a person does not pay attention to either the body's sensations of feeling full，or to the sensory characteristics of the food．
Many studies have linked being fat to watching television and that link is likely due to inactivity，Hirsch said． But perhaps entertaining shows are also contributing．
“If you want to lose weight，turn off the television or watch something boring，” he said．
5．When Hirsch conducted the research，he __________．
A．evaluated the degree of the volunteers' loss of taste
B．measured the amount of the chips the volunteers ate
C．analyzed the volunteers' preference on TV programs
D．counted the minutes the volunteers spent on TV programs
6．According to the research，when will you feel full faster
A．When we are distracted．
B．When we focus on how the food tastes．
C．When we are watching entertaining programs．
D．When the brain doesn't know when it should stop eating．
7．Why does the author mention“People who cook spaghetti all day don't feel like eating it at the end of the day”？
A．It tells us that eating spaghetti is inhabited．
B．It indicates that spaghetti doesn't taste good at the end of the day．
C．It tells us that people who cook spaghetti don't like eating spaghetti．
D．It shows that smell is“telling” the hypothalamus that the body is full．
8．What is the main purpose of the article
A．To prove that being fat is linked to inactivity．
B．To reveal the relationship between TV programs and eating behaviors．
C．To explain why watching television makes people eat more and gain weight．
D．To find how sensory characteristics of the food affect people's feelings of eating．
Ⅱ．应用文写作(满分15分)
假定你是李华。针对食物浪费的现象，你校英语俱乐部拟举办主题为“爱惜食物，从我做起”的英语演讲活动。请你写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1．食物浪费的现象及危害；
2．爱惜食物的做法；
3．你的倡议。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Good morning，everyone． It's my great honor to be here and give a speech on saving food．_________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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That's all． Thank you for listening．
Ⅲ．读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was doing homework with my friend Ollie at his home when he randomly started scribbling (乱画) a fish．But not just any fish．This fish was riding a skateboard and blowing a bubble that said“I'd rather be skating！”I laughed and drew a sea star saying“Quit fooling around and get to work！”
Just then，Ollie's grandma Abuela and her friend Mr．Goldberg came into the kitchen．Mr．Goldberg was in charge of the local animal shelter．Abuela poured their tea and inquired about how things were going at the animal shelter．Mr．Goldberg sighed，shaking his head．He explained that not enough people were adopting pets，resulting in too many animals without homes．
Overhearing the conversation，Ollie offered to adopt some excitedly．But Abuela said that one noisy parrot was plenty for this house．
“Blue isn't noisy，” defended Ollie．“He's just musical．”
“I'd have a whole farm full of animals if I could，” I said．“But my parents say two cats and a hamster (仓鼠) are enough．”
Mr．Goldberg said he kept trying to attract people to adopt animals，but found it hard to get people's attention these days．Ollie drew a sad whale，and I wrote the words“Please adopt me” in the shape of a whale spout (喷水)．Mr．Goldberg took a look at our drawings and made favorable comments on them，saying that these clever talking animals just might grab people's attention．And he asked us if we were willing to design a poster for his animal shelter，a proposal we happily accepted．We decided to draw some ideas on our own and meet up again the next afternoon．
That night，when I was sitting in the living room brainstorming ideas for the poster，my little brother brought in our hamster，Mr．Nibbles，to give him a little run around time．He made a hamster playground out of couch pillows and Mr．Nibbles began to run around merrily．
注意：1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Suddenly，an idea formed in my mind．_______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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We decided to make both Mr．Nibbles and Blue the stars of the poster．______________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________
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