人教版高中英语（教案）Book4 unit1 Women of achievement

Book4
Unit1
Women
of
achievement
一、知识点总结
1.Watching
a
family
of
chimps
wake
up
is
our…
今天我们的第一件事
2.This
means
going
back
….由定语从句修饰的place做go
的宾语
3.Only
after
her
mot
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her
came
to
help
her
for
the
first
few
months
was
she
allowed
to
begin
her
project….
only+副词
（部分倒装）
Only
in
this
way
can
we
learn
English
better.
4.But
the
evening
makes
it
all
worthwhile
5.mean
doing
sth.
…
意味着做…
Eg.
Doing
such
a
thing
means
wasting
time.
mean
to
do
sth…
打算做某事
eg.
Do
you
mean
to
go
without
money
6.
leave
sb.
doing
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )让某人做某事e.g
They
went
off
and
left
me
sitting
there
all
by
myself.
7.
wander的用法
1）可以解释为漫步，逛，常与about搭配e.g
We
love
wandering
about
the
hills
2）还可以解释为脱离，迷失e.g
Don’t
wander
off
the
point
8.
worthwhile
adj.
值得做的,值得花时间(金钱)的
It
is
worthwhile
to
d
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o/
doing
It
was
worthwhile
to
visit
Paris.
=
The
visit
to
Paris
is
worthwhile.
去巴黎访问是值得的.
It’s
worthwhile
discussing/
to
discuss
the
question
again.这个问题值得再讨论。
It
is
a
worthwhile
book
那是一本值得一读的书.
9.
observe
观察到，注意到
She
observed
his
actions
with
interest.她很感兴趣地观察他的行动
His
neighbou
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
observed
a
stranger
go
into
his
house他的邻居看到了一个陌生人进入他的家．
10.
“Only
+
状语”　开头的句子要用倒装
Only
in
this
way
c
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an
we
learn
English
better.
Only
then
did
I
realize
my
mistake.
Only
you
understand
me.
I
met
her
only
yesterday.
11.work
out：
Eg.
I
can’t
work
out
the
meaning
of
the
poem.(理解，说出)
Things
have
worked
out
badly.
（进行，发展）Work
out
his
income
（算出）
Work
out
a
plan
（制定，拟定）
12.
have/
has
been
doing
现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去就已开始，一直持续到现在，可能还会继续下去．
Eg.
He
has
been
reading
since
this
morning.今早起，他一直在看书．
He
is
very
tired;
he
has
been
working
hard
all
day
He
has
been
writing
a
letter.他一直在写信．He
has
written
a
letter.他已写过信了．
13.
argue
争论；辩论；说服
argue
for
/
argue
against
主张／反对argue
about
sth.
argue
with
sb.
argue
sb.
into
doing
sth.
说服某人做某事．
14.
inspire
sb.
to
do
Eg.
His
speech
inspired
us
greatly.
The
teacher
inspired
us
to
make
greater
efforts.
The
memory
of
his
childhood
inspired
his
first
novel(促成；赋予灵感)
inspired
有灵感的
inspiring　激励人心的
15.
主谓一致
1）两个或两个以上做主语的单数名词用and连接，谓语用复数．
Tom
and
Dick
_______
(be)
good
friends.
但若表示一个集合体时则用单数。
A
singer
and
dancer
______
(be)
present
at
the
party.
The
worker
and
writer
___
(be)
talking
to
the
students.
Bread
and
butter
________
(taste)
good.
(a
needle
and
thr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ead,
a
horse
and
cart,
a
watch
and
chain,
a
coat
and
tie,
truth
and
honesty,
medical
help
and
cure)
2）用
and
连接的两个名词若被
no,
each,
every,
many
a
修饰，则谓语动词用单数。
No
bird
and
no
beast
______
(be)
seen
in
the
bare
island.
Many
a
boy
and
ma
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny
a
girl
______
(have)
made
such
a
funny
experiment.
At
Christmas
each
boy
and
each
girl
_____(be)
given
a
present.
3）两个主语由not
only…but
al
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )so,
or,
either…or,
neither…nor　等连接时，谓语动词与第二个主语保持一致．
Either
he
or
I
_____
(be)
to
go
there.
______
(be)
either
you
or
he
going
to
attend
the
meeting
4）主语后有as
well
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
as,
like,
with,
together
with,
but,
except,
besides,等，谓语应于前面主语保持一致．
A
professor,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
together
with
some
students,
_____
(be)
sent
to
help
in
the
work.
No
one
but
the
teachers
_____
(be)
allowed
to
use
the
room.
5）一些集合名词做主语，如果看作一个整
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )体，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中的成员，谓语用复数．如audience,
committee，class(班级),crew（全体船员或机组人员),
family,
government,
public(公众)等，但people,
police,
cattle等用复数．
My
family
_____
(be)
a
big
family.My
family
_____
(be)
listening
to
the
radio.
The
police
____
(be)
trying
to
catch
the
thief.
6）通常作复数的集体名词
有些集体名词，如police,
people,
cattle,
militia,
poultry(家禽),)等，通常作复数，用复数动词。
Domestic
cattle
______(provide)
us
with
milk,
beef
and
hides.
7）通常作不可数名词的集体名词
有一些集体名词，如machiner
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y,
equipment,
furniture,
merchandise
(商品)，clothing
通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如：
The
merchandise
_____(have)
arrived
undamaged.
All
the
machinery
in
the
factory
____
(be)
made
in
China.
8）表示时间、重量、长度等名词，尽管是复数形式，但作为一个整体看，谓语还是用单数。
Five
minutes
______
(be)
enough.
One
dollar
and
seventy
eight
cents
_____
(be)
what
she
has.
9）all
作为主语，代表人物时，一般用作复数；代表整个事件或情况时，一般看作单数。
All
that
I
want
_____
(be)
a
good
dictionary.
All
______
(be)
out
of
danger.
All
______
(be)
silent.
人人都缄口无言。万籁俱寂。
10）形容词加定冠词
the
表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。
What
a
life
the
poor
were
living!
The
young
_____happy
to
give
their
seats
to
the
old.
11）who,
which,
that
作定语从句的主语时，其谓语取决于先行词。
Those
who
want
to
go
should
sign
your
names
here.
He
is
one
of
the
students
who
have
passed
the
exam.
He
is
the
only
one
of
the
students
who
has
passed
the
exam.
12）以-ics结尾的学科名称
某些以-ics结尾的学科名称，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )如physics(物理学)、mathematics(数学)、mechanics(机械学)、politics(政治学)、statistics(统计学)、economics(经济学)、linguistics(语言学）athletics(体育学)、等，通常作单数用。例如：
13）其他以-s结尾的名词
英语中有一些由两个部分组成的物体名称通
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常是以-s结尾，如scissors(剪子)，pincers(钳子)，glasses(眼镜），shorts(短裤)，trousers(裤子)，suspenders(吊裤带)等。这一类名词，如果不带"一把"、"一副"、"一条"等单位词而单独使用，通常作复数。例如：
如果带有单位词，则由单位词的单
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、复数形式决定动词的单、复数形式。
例如：One
pair
of
scissors
isn't
enough.
14）以-s结尾的地理名称
某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )如the
United
States,
the
United
Nations,
the
Netherlands等，尽管带有复数词尾，但系单一政治实体，故作单数用。但若不是国名，而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称、通常作复数用。例如：
The
West
Indies,
apar
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
from
the
Bahamas,
are
commonly
divided
into
two
parts.
The
Himalayas（喜马拉雅山脉)
have
a
magnificent
variety
of
plant
and
animal
life.
The
Straits
of
Gibraltar
have
not
lost
their
strategic
importance.
15）英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词，如:
arms(武器),
clot
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hes(衣服),
contents(内容，目录)，fireworks(烟火),
goods(货物),
minutes(记录),
morals(道德，品行),
remains(遗体),
stairs(楼梯),
suburbs
(郊区),
thanks(谢意),
wages(工资)等，通常作复数。
16）凡是由-ings结尾的名词，如:
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
clippings
(剪下来的东西),
diggings
(掘出的东西),
earnings
(收入),
filings
(锉屑),
lodgings
(租住的房屋),
surroundings
(环境),
sweepings
(扫拢的垃圾)
等,
通常作复数用。例如：
The
clippings
of
the
hedges
are
usually
burnt.
The
sweepings
of
the
godown(仓库)
have
been
disposed
of.
17）
还有一些以-s接的单、复数同形
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的名词，如:
headquarters(总部),
means(方法、手段),
series(系列),
species(种类),
works(工厂)等，随后动词的单、复数形式取决于这些名称是作单数，还是用作复数。例如：
A
headquarters
was
set
up
to
direct
the
operation
(指挥作战).
Their
headquarters
are
in
Paris.
The
only
means
to
achieve
success
is
to
appeal
to
arms
(诉诸武力).
18）remains用于"遗体"意义时，随后的动词通常作复数：
His
remains
lie
in
the
churchyard.
The
martyr's
remains
were
buried
at
the
foot
of
the
hill.
但作"遗迹"或"剩余物"解释时，可作复数或单数用：
Here
is
the
remains
of
a
temple.
The
remains
of
the
meal
were/was
fed
to
the
dog.
19）
如果作主语的名词词组由“分数(或百分数)+of-词组”构成，其动词形式依of-词组中名词类别而定。例如：
Two
thirds
of
the
swampland(沼泽地)
_____
(have)
been
reclaimed(开垦).
Over
sixty
per
cent
of
the
city
____
(be)
destroyed
in
the
war.
Thirty-five
per
cent
of
the
doctors
______
(be)
women.
20)
如果主语是all
of
...,some
of
...,none
of
...,half
of
...,most
of
...等表示非确定数量的名词词组，其后的动词形式依of-词组中的名词类别而定。例如：
Most
of
the
money
_____
recovered
by
Deputy
Player.Most
of
the
members
______
there.
All
of
the
cargo
______
lost.
All
of
the
crew
______
saved.
21)
两数相减或相除，动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，动词可用单数，也可复数。
Forty
minus
fiftee
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
(40-15)
leaves
twenty-five.Forty
divided
by
eight
(40/8)
is
five.
Seven
and
five
(7+5
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))
makes/make
twelve.Five
times
eight
(5+8)
is
/are
forty.
22)
主语是由“a
kind/sort/type
of
,this
kind/sort/type
of
+名词”构成，动词用单数。
This
kind
of
man
annoys
me.
但若在kind/sort/type之前的限定词是these/those,同时，of-词组中的名词又是复数，则动词用复数：
These
kinds
of
men
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nnoy
me.Those
types/sorts
of
machines
are
up
to
date.
23.如果主语是由“many
a+
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )名词”或“more
than
one
+名词”构成，其意义虽属多数，但随后的动词仍遵循“语法一致”原则，用单数。例如：
Many
a
man
has
done
his
duty.
More
than
one
game
was
lost.
24)
(1)由who,
why,
how,
whether等wh-词引导的名词性分句作主语，其后的动词通常用单数。
(2).两个由and连接的并列名词性分句作主语，如果主语表示两件事情，动词用复数。例
What
caused
the
ac
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cident
and
who
was
responsible
for
it
remain
a
mystery
to
us.
(3).
以what-分句作主语的SVC结构
在以what-分句作主语的SVC结构中，主句补语是复数名词，如果主句谓语动词可用复数。
25.
(1).在“one
of+复数名词+关系分句”结构中，关系分句动词通常依照语法一致原则用复数形式。例如：
Joan
is
one
of
those
people
who
go
out
of
thier
way
to
be
helpful.
(2).
在这类结构之前有定冠词the或者有the
only
等限定词和强调词时，关系分句动词形式依one而定，用单数。例如：
Selfishness
is
the
one
of
her
many
faults
which
defeats
itself.