BOOK6
Unit4
Global
warming
重点词汇总结
compare:
比较,对比;compare
A
to
B:把A比作B;compare
A
with
B:
把A与B进行比较;
We
often
compare
children
to
flowers.
come
about:
发生,产生(没有被动语态,有时用it作形式主语,后跟that引导的主语从句);区别:
happen:
(偶然)发生,没有被动语态,较多用来指某个事件的突然发生,强调其偶然性,主语往往是事件,事故等。
take
place:
“发生,举行”,常指有计划安排的事情的发生与进行,不含偶然性。
come
about:
侧重于指事件发生的原因,常与how连用。
break
out:
发生,爆发,常指战争、灾难、疾病或争吵等事件的发生,也可以表示突然大声叫喊。
occur:
可指偶然发生,也指计划发生某事,还表示突然想到,常用于it
occurs
to
sb.that…结构中。
come
on:
加油
come
up
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ):
过来
come
across:偶遇,遇到
come
along:进展
come
round:恢复知觉,苏醒
come
up
with:
提出
I
come
across
the
children
sleeping
under
the
bridge.
How
did
it
come
about
that
you
were
an
hour
late
subscribe:
同意,捐助,订阅;s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ubscribe
for:订阅,认购;subscribe
to:
赞同,同意
订购(报刊,杂志)
Are
you
going
to
subscribe
to
the
opera
this
season
你要购买这一季的歌剧票吗?
He
did
not
subscribe
to
my
proposal
他不赞同我的建议。
quantities
of:
大量的,许多
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的;a
quantity
of:
许多的,大量的;in
quantity:大量的,许多的;in
large
quantities:
大量的
quantities
of与a
quantity
of区别:
二者都有“大量的”意思,即
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词,但用法有区别。
quantities
of
后无论跟可数名词还是不可数名词,谓语动词一律用复数;a
quantity
of
的谓语根据其后的名词而定,跟可数名词复数时谓语动词用复数,跟不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。
Lucy
picked
a
quantity
of
flowers
from
her
garden.
Quantities
of
water
were
delivered
there.
5.
result
in:
导致;as
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
a
result:结果,因此;as
a
result
of:作为……的结果;without
result:毫无结果;result
from:
由于
A
series
of
traffic
accidents
resulted
from
his
drunk
driving.
His
drunk
driving
resulted
in
a
series
of
traffic
accidents.
range:
范围(尤指从……到…
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )…各种种类,可供选择的范围等,可加不定冠词);种类
out
of/
beyond
the
range:
超出……范围;out
of
one’s
range:
某人能力达不到;in/within
the
range
of:
在……范围之类;a
wide
range
of:一系列;a
full
range
of:
各种;range
from…to…
范围涉及……到……
The
shop
keeps
a
wide
range
of
goods.
The
range
of
the
price
is
from
sixty
to
one
hundred.
the
amount
of:
……
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的量;the
amount
of
money:钱数;the
amount
of
profit:
利润额(修饰不可数名词);an
amount
of:
相当数量的;一些(该词后面接不可数名词,与a
number
of
不同);in
large
/small
amount:
大量地、少量地
三、重点句型总结
There
is
no
doubt
that
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
and
that
it
is
human
activity
that
has
caused
this
global
warming
rather
than
a
random
but
natural
phenomenon.
毫无疑问地球正在变暖,而且全球变暖是人为的,而不是一种随机的自然现象。
There
is
no
doubt
that
…毫无疑问……(主句为否定时,名词doubt的同位语从句使用连词whether)
I
doubt…我怀疑……
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(主句为肯定时及物动词doubt后面的连词用whether或if;主句为否定时,doubt之后的宾语从句用that)
I
have
no
doubt
that
you
will
succeed.
I
doubt
whether
he
will
come
to
the
party.
2.
Without
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he
‘greenhouse
effect’,
the
earth
would
be
about
thirty-three
degrees
Celsius
cooler
than
it
is.
这是一个含蓄虚拟语气,without
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
greenhouse
effect可以改写成’
if
there
was
no
greenhouse
effect形式的虚拟条件句。
Without
her,
I
would
not
have
managed
it.
Without
the
oxygen,
life
could
not
exist.
They
also
agree
tha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
it
is
the
burning
of
more
and
more
fossil
fuels
that
has
resulted
in
this
increase
in
carbon
dioxide.
本句中agree后跟的是一个that引导的宾语从句。
It
is…that…是一个强调句
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )型,强调句子的主语
the
burning
of
more
and
more
fossil
fuels.(强调句型是对句子的成分而不是某个词进行强调)
比较:
It
is
a
small
villag
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
where
he
was
born.(定语从句,where指代a
small
village,在句中作状语)
It
is
in
the
small
village
that
he
was
born.(强调句型,强调句子的状语)
4.
It
is
OK
to
lea
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve
an
electrical
appliance
on
so
long
as
you
are
using
it--if
not,turn
it
off!
只要你在使用电气设备,便可以让它开着。如果不用就把它关掉。
leave
sth.
on让某物开着;as
long
as引导条件状语从句
If
not(=if
you
are
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )not
using
it)若不是,若没有(省略结构)类似的结构还有:if
so如果这样的话;if
any:
假如有,即使有
It
takes
a
lot
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of
energy
to
make
things
from
new
materials,
so,
if
you
can,
buy
things
made
from
recycled
materials.
It
takes
time/
ener
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gy/
imagination/
patience/effort/
strength
to
do
sth.
为了做成某事需要时间/精力/想象力/耐心/努力/体力等。
It
took
me
a
great
deal
of
patience
to
teach
such
a
naughty
boy.
三、Grammar:
“it”
的用法(2)——强调句型
(一)强调句的基本用法
强调句就是把句中要强调的部分(通常是主语,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )宾语,状语或状语从句)放在It
is/
was
和that/who之间,原句中剩余部分放在that/who之后。
1.
强调句的陈述句式
“it
is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他剩余部分”
It
was
Lang
Lang
who
held
a
charity
concert
in
Taipei
last
Wednesday.
注意:强调句中的连接词只用that(指人或物)或who(只指人),且都不可省略。
强调句的一般疑问式
“Is/was
it
+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他剩余部分”
Was
it
Li
Ping
who/that
he
met
yesterday
他昨天遇到的是李萍吗?
强调句的特殊疑问式
“被强调的特殊疑问词+is/was
it+that+句子其他剩余部分”
What’s
it
that
Professor
Liu
teaches
us
this
year
How
is
it
that
she
turned
down
our
help
When
and
where
was
it
that
you
got
to
know
Mary
强调句的判断
如果把强调结构去掉,句子的意
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )识是完整,清楚的,句子结构也是完整的,那么这个句子就是强调句。如果去掉了强调结构,意思不通顺,结构也不完整,则句子不是强调句。
It
was
because
he
was
ill
that
he
came
here
late.
去掉强调结构变成:
He
came
here
late
because
he
was
ill.
(二)强调句的特殊用法
强调句型和名词性从句的结合:
句式特征为:整个强调句型用作名词性从句或者在强调句型中含有名词性从句,从句要用陈述语序。
I
have
already
forgotten
where
it
was
that
you
put
the
dictionary.
我已经忘了你到底把字典放到哪里了。
强调句型和定语从句相结合
句式特征为:在强调句型的被强调部分或其
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )他部分中找出一个先行词,附上修饰该部分的定语从句,这样整个句子结构就变得非常复杂,注意不要混淆定语从句的关系词和强调句型中的that/who部分。
It
was
playing
comp
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uter
games
that
cost
the
boy
plenty
of
time
which
he
ought
to
have
spent
doing
his
lessons.
是玩电脑游戏花去了这个孩子大量的本应该用在功课上的时间。
强调句型和not…until句型的结构
“It
is/was
not
until
+
被强调部分+that+其他剩余部分”
It
was
not
until
he
came
back
that
I
knew
the
result.
(三)强调句应注意的问题
在强调句型中有时考查主谓一致和比较结构,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有时也考察用rather
than,
not…but…等连接的平行对比结构。连接平行对比结构时既要注意比较结构,又要注意主谓一致。
It
is/was
not…but…that…
“不是……而是……”(that后的谓语动词与but后的名词或代词保持一致)
It
is/was…not…that…
“是……而不是……”(that后的谓语动词与not前的名词或代词保持一致)
It
is/was…rather
than…
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that…
“是……而不是……”(that后的谓语动词与rather
than前的名词或代词保持一致)
Personally
I
think
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
it
is
the
sales
manager,
rather
than
the
sales
girls,
that
is
to
blame.
强调句型的反意疑问句式
It
is/was+被强调部分+that…,
isn’t
/wasn’t
it
It
was
Alice
and
he
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
boyfriend
who
sent
the
old
man
to
the
hospital,
wasn’t
it
易与强调句混淆的几个句式
1)It
is+时间+when…当……的时候,时间是……,when引导的是时间状语从句,主句中的it
指时间,表语由具体的时间充当。
It
was
the
o’clock
when
we
got
home
last
night.
It
was
at
ten
o’clock
that
we
got
home
last
night.
it
was/will
be…before…
过……就……
It
was
not/will
not
be…before…不久……就……
主句中的it指时间,表语多是long,not
long,three
days,two
weeks等表示“一段时间”的词或短语。
It
was
three
days
before
he
went
to
Beijing.
It
will
not
be
long
before
he
finishes
his
job.
It
was
three
days
ago
that
he
went
to
Beijing.(强调句型)
四、巩固练习
I.
在空格处填入适当的短语。
1.If
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
she
could
_______
the
condition
there,
we
could
take
her.
2.Your
support
will
certainly
______
in
our
cause.
3.On
the
one
hand,
you
accept
her
presents;
______,
you
are
rude
to
the
whole
family.
What
really
is
your
attitude
to
them.
4.You
have
made
a
few
mistakes,
but
_____
you
have
done
well.
References:1.put
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )up
with 2.building
up 3.make
a
difference 4.on
the
other
hand 5.on
the
whole
II.
语法填空
----What
did
he
want
to
know,
Anne
----When
it
was
______
I
could
finish
writing
the
report.
----When
was
____
that
he
picked
up
French
----It
was
in
2013_________
he
traveled
in
France.
Can
you
explain
why
it
_____that
the
sun
goes
down
in
the
west
_______
it
on
a
lo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nely
island
that
he
was
saved
one
month
after
the
boat
went
down
It
was
not
just
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
size
of
the
party
last
night
but
_______
it
meant
to
our
company
_________
made
it
unique.
It
was
because
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
of
the
most
beautiful
village
teacher—Xiao
Shan’s
strong
determination
______
he
formed
the
woman
football
team
in
the
poor
area.
It
is
either
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he
or
you
who
______
in
charge
of
the
project
and
supposed
to
finish
it
punctually.
He
was
so
busy
yester
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )day
______
it
was
not
until
late
at
night______
he
finished
his
work.
----I
wonder
________
it
is
that
makes
the
video
Gangmam
Style
so
popular.
----The
unique
dance
moves
and
funny
horse
riding
scenes.
----When
did
you
come
back
last
night
----It
was
not
until
11
o’clock
______
the
party
ended.
It
is
five
months
________
my
son
went
to
America.
It
was
five
months
ago
______
my
son
went
to
America.
It
will
be
half
a
year
______
my
son
comes
back
from
America.
It
was
midnight
________
she
was
woken
up
by
a
phone
call.
It
was
at
midnight
_______
she
was
woken
up
by
a
phone
call.
References:1.that
2.i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t,when
3.is
4.
Was
5.what,that
6.that
7.are
8.that,that
9.what
10.when
11.since
12.ago
13.before
14.when
15.that