Unit 1 Science and Scientists 一轮复习单元导学案（含答案）-2026届高三英语上学期人教版选择性必修第二册
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| 名称 | Unit 1 Science and Scientists 一轮复习单元导学案（含答案）-2026届高三英语上学期人教版选择性必修第二册 |  | |
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选择性必修第二册 UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
【词句积累】
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.cholera n. 霍乱
2.diarrhoea n. 腹泻
3.dehydration n. 脱水
4.epidemiology n. 流行病学
5.microscope n. 显微镜
6.protein n. 蛋白质
7.cell n. 细胞;小房间;单间牢房
8.virus n. 病毒
9.vaccine n. 疫苗
10.framework n. 框架;结构
11.plasma n. 血浆
12.aerospace n. 航空航天工业
13.patriotic adj. 爱国的
14.aviation n. 航空制造业;航空;飞行
15.jet n. 喷气式飞机
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.severe diarrhoea 严重的腹泻
2.contradictory evidence 相互矛盾的证据
3.be infected with germs 感染了细菌
4.water pump 水泵
5.some households 一些住户
6.raw waste 未处理的废弃物
7.scientific statistics 科学统计
8.subscribe to the theory 同意这种理论
9.the prime suspect 头号嫌疑人
10.take the blame 承担过错
11.the handle of the pump 水泵的把手
12.build a rainbow bridge 建一座彩虹桥
13.a concrete floor 混凝土地面
14.show a link 证明联系
15.substantial changes 重大变化
16.decrease in spending 开支减少
17.transform the way 改变方法
18.change the thinking 改变思维
19.an important finding 一项重大发现
20.do some solid work 做一些稳定的工作
21.cast different shadows 投下不同的影子
22.pour it like a liquid 像倒液体一样倒它
23.trace back to 追溯到
24.an outstanding scientist 一位杰出的科学家
25.abstract thought 抽象思维
26.the original concept 最初的观念
27.besides extra-curricular activities 除课外活动之外
28.a brilliant performance 一场绝妙的表演
29.space and missile programme 航天和导弹项目
30.find fault with my work 挑我工作的毛病
31.a shift in interest 兴趣的改变
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.frustrated adj. 懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的
frustrate vt. 使懊恼;使沮丧
frustration n. 沮丧;懊恼;挫败
2.infection n. 感染;传染
infect vt. 使感染;传染
infectious adj. 感染的;传染的
3.proof n. 证据;证明;检验
prove vt. 证明 link v.证明是
4.multiple adj. 数量多的;多种多样的
multiply vi.& vt. 乘;成倍增加;繁殖
5.intervention n. 介入;出面;干涉
intervene vi. 干扰;介入
6.pure adj. 干净的;纯的;纯粹的
purely adv. 完全地;纯粹地
purify vt. 净化;使……洁净;提纯
7.defend vt. 保卫;防守;辩解
defence/defense n. 防御;保卫;保护
8.assistant n. 助理;助手
assist vt.& vi. 帮助;协助
assistance n. 帮助;协助;援助
9.initial adj. 最初的;开始的;第一的
initially adv. 最初,首先
10.leadership n. 领导;领导地位;领导才能
lead vt. 领导;率领;控制;掌管;领路
leader n. 领导者;首领
leading adj. 最重要的;一流的
11.gifted adj. 有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的
gift n. 礼物;天赋
12.steady adj. 稳定的;平稳的;稳步的
steadily adv. 稳定地;持续地
13.vivid adj. 生动的;鲜明的;丰富的
vividly adv. 生动地;逼真地;鲜明地
14.mechanical adj. 机械的;发动机的;机器的
mechanic n. 机械师;机械修理工
15.astronomer n. 天文学家
astronomy n. 天文学
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.come down with 患(病);染上(小病)
2.break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
3.subscribe to 同意;赞同
4.be to blame 负有责任
5.theoretical framework 理论框架
6.water pump 水泵
7.thanks to 幸亏;由于
8.once and for all 最终地:彻底地
9.above all 最重要的是;尤其是
10.in charge of 主管;掌管
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.(so...that...)
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天内就有500多人死亡。
2.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(it作形式主语)
该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水,每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。
3.Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.[have+宾语+过去分词(短语)]
相应地,他让人把水泵的手柄拆了,这样水泵就不能用了。
4.Through Snow’s tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.(无灵主语句)
经过斯诺的不懈努力,饮用水公司开始出售洁净水,世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。
5.Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.(“否定词+比较级”表示最高级)
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。
构词法日积月累
形容词后缀-ous表示“具有……性质的;充满……的”
直接+ humor幽默→humorous幽默的 courage勇气→courageous勇敢的 danger危险→dangerous危险的 mountain山→mountainous多山的
去e+ continue继续→continuous持续的 fame名声→famous著名的;出名的 adventure冒险→adventurous有冒险精神的 ※disaster灾难→disastrous灾难性的
辅音之后 y变i+ envy嫉妒;羡慕→envious嫉妒的;羡慕的 glory光荣→glorious光荣的 harmony融洽;和睦→harmonious和睦的;融洽的 mystery神秘→mysterious神秘的
on变ous infection感染;传染→infectious传染性的 caution谨慎;小心→cautious谨慎的;小心的 ambition抱负;雄心→ambitious有抱负的;有雄心的 religion宗教→religious宗教的
特殊 anxiety焦虑→anxious焦虑的 curiosity好奇心→curious好奇的 variety多样化→various各种各样的
【考点突破】
一、热考词汇
1.blame vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备;指责
【佳句背诵】
Some group members tried to place the blame on Tom,claiming he hadn’t done his part.
(动作描写)一些组员试图把责任推给汤姆,声称他没有完成自己的部分。
be to blame (for sth) (对某事)负有责任,应受责备
blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人;把某事归咎于某人
blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某事
take/bear/shoulder the blame (for sth) 承担(……的)过错/责任
put/place/lay the blame (for sth) on sb 把(……的)责任推给某人
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①Don’t always blame your own failure others.You should bear the blame failure.
② , Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t help crying bitterly.(心理描写)
蒂姆因为演出失败被责备,随着一阵悲伤袭来,他忍不住痛哭。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③“ ” I guiltily thought to myself.(心理描写;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
“这些尴尬都怪我吗 ”我内疚地想。
2.decrease n.减少;降低;减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低
【佳句背诵】
The temperature decreased by 10 degrees overnight,causing everyone to wear warmer clothes.
温度在一夜之间下降了10度,每个人穿上了更暖和的衣服。
decrease (from...) to... (从……)减少到……
decrease by... 降低了……
decrease in... 在……方面减少/减小/下降
on the decrease 在减少
a decrease of...(in...) (在……方面)……的减少量
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①The number of students in the computer club decreased 40 to 25 this year,as many graduated.
②Because of human activities,the number of some rare animals .
由于人类活动,一些稀有动物的数目在减少。
【教考衔接】
单句语法填空
③Corn uses less water than rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.This switch (decrease) pollution in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.(全国Ⅱ卷)
3.defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解 [defenc(s)e n.防御;保卫;保护]
【佳句背诵】
In the dense forest,David quickly learned how to defend himself against wild animals using just a stick.(动作描写)密林中,大卫迅速学会了如何仅用一根棍子保护自己不受野生动物的侵害。
defend...from/against 保护……以免受
defend...with... 用……保护……
defend oneself 为自己辩护;自卫
in defence (of) 保护;保卫;防御;
(为……)辩护
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/一句多译
①It is the nature of a mother to do all she can to defend her child harm and danger.
②狼紧紧地追在他后面,他用棍子保护自己。
→With the wolf running closely after him,he .(defence)
→The wolf ran closely after him,and he .(defend...with...)
【教考衔接】
单句语法填空
③As prey animals,parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks.Their first choice is to take flight.However,if this is not possible,they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend (they).(2024·九省联考)
【片段巩固】
用blame;decrease;defend完成动作描写的片段
续写训练之情节线:冒险进入森林→气温迅速下降→遇到狼群→没有恐慌→迅速收集树枝和树叶→点燃火堆→自卫→没有人因为这种困境责备彼此→共同努力→安全地返回
4.come down with患(病);染上(小病)
【佳句背诵】
Mark came down with a fever last night,so he couldn’t attend the math competition he had been preparing for months.
马克昨晚发烧了,所以他不能参加他准备了几个月的数学竞赛。
come across (偶然)遇见;碰见;被理解
come about 发生(无被动形式)
come down 下来
come on 加油;到来;得了吧
come out 出版;结果是;(花)开放
come up 走近;上来;被提出
come up with 提出;想出(主意、计划、回答等)
when it comes to... 当谈及……
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①The new novel by my favorite author finally came last week,and I couldn’t wait to buy a copy.
②I finally came up a solution to the math problem that had been bothering me.
③ ,listening to native speakers can help you improve.
(建议信)说到学习英语,听以英语为母语的人讲话可以帮助你进步。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
④For several days he played all day in the trees surrounding our house but at bedtime.(动作描写;2024·四省适应性考试)
在接下来的几天里,他整天都在我们房子周围的树上玩耍,但在晚上睡觉时就下来。
5.above all最重要的是;尤其是
【佳句背诵】
She values many qualities in her friends,but above all,she appreciates honesty and loyalty.
(人物描写)她看重朋友身上的许多品质,但最重要的是,她欣赏诚实和忠诚。
after all 毕竟;终究
first of all 首先;第一
all in all 整体说来;总而言之
in all 全部;合计
at all (否定句)一点也不;(疑问句)到底;究竟
【以练促学】
all短语填空/单句写作
①The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University. ,you’d better learn some basic Chinese before you come. ,you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances. ,studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy .
②Thanks to your timely and generous help,I managed .(感谢信)
多亏您及时慷慨的帮助,我成功地处理了全部四个问题。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③ ,I hoped he wouldn’t assign me to work with the fiercely competitive and extremely serious fellow who always demanded perfection from his teammates,making every project feel like a high-stakes battle.(心理描写;2022·浙江1月卷)
最重要的是,我希望他不会让我和那个极具竞争力并且非常严肃的人一起工作,他总是要求他的队友做到完美,使每一个项目都感觉像是一场高风险的战斗。
【片段巩固】
用come down with;above all完成动作描写的片段
续写训练之情节线:杰克患了重感冒,不得不推迟爬山→最重要的是,队长强调了照顾好自己→没有感到失望→聚在一起分享故事,充分利用室内时间
二、一词多义
1.trace /tre s/ vt.追溯;追踪;查出 n.痕迹(生义);遗迹;踪迹
①Police are anxious to trace two men seen leaving the house just before 8 am.
②The practice of giving eggs at Easter can be traced back to festivals in ancient China.
③My wallet has been missing for several days and I can’t find any trace of it.
④She speaks English without the slightest trace of an accent.
2.shift / ft/ n.改变;转换;轮班(生义) vi.& vt.转移;挪动;转向;改变
①They shifted their viewpoints frequently.
②The school had to shift resources from less popular programs to more essential academic subjects.
③Public attitudes towards this have shifted over the past 50 years.
④It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
⑤The student volunteers were divided into three shifts,each responsible for different activities and times.
3.subscribe to同意;赞同;把……捐赠给……(生义);订购
①He subscribes to the view that children can benefit from being independent.
②Amy thought it was worthwhile to read English newspapers every day so she subscribed to the 21st Century.
③Many people subscribed money to the education fund.
4.handle / h ndl/ vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等);(用手)触,拿 n.把手(生义);拉手;柄
①The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.(2022·全国甲卷)
②Driving a car is not just handling controls but judging speed and distance.
③Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles.
④Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details,make suggestions,and then handle the actual reservations.
(2023·浙江1月卷)
三、写作迁移
句型公式:have+宾语+过去分词(短语)
课本原句:Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
相应地,他让人把水泵的手柄拆了,这样水泵就不能用了。
【佳句背诵】
I am sorry I could not attend the dance practice;I had my feet hurt after slipping on the stairs,making it difficult to stand for too long.(道歉信)
很抱歉我不能参加舞蹈练习;我在楼梯上滑倒后脚受伤了,站立时间过长会很困难。
have sth done 使某事被做;请人做某事
have sb do sth 让某人做某事
have sb/sth doing sth 让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态
can’t have sb doing sth 不能容忍某人做某事
have sth to do 有某事要做
【以练促学】
单句写作
①I regret to tell you that I will ,for we in the game.
我很遗憾地告诉你,我将会让你退出比赛,因为我们不能容忍任何人在比赛中作弊。
②I am terribly sorry for ,because just now.(道歉信)
我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间,因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③We began to help pick peaches,working alongside the cheerful farmers who taught us the proper techniques.After filling up several baskets,we then to the farmers’ houses.(活动介绍;2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
我们开始帮那些热情的农民一起摘桃子,他们教会我们正确的技巧。在装满了几个篮子后,我们随后将它们送到了农户的家中。
【能力突破练】
维度一 单元知识运用
1.Many believed that the sudden weather change was (blame) for the failure of the outdoor concert.
2.Littering in the school playground has been the decrease since the introduction of more trash bins.
3.Several volunteers came with heat exhaustion during the charity marathon event last summer.
4. all,maintaining a positive attitude is essential for overcoming any challenge.
5.She had her artwork (destroy) in the flood,losing years of hard work.
6.The wind was so strong it knocked down several trees in the school yard.
7. seemed that the more they studied,the more questions they had,turning their study session into a lively discussion.
8.Nothing is (satisfying) to her than solving a complex puzzle.
9.To defend the garden pests,they introduced natural predators (天敌),which helped maintain the health of the plants without using harmful chemicals.
维度二 单元知识拾遗
1.The software update fixed the bug , improving the system’s performance.
软件更新彻底修复了这个错误,提升了系统的性能。
2.She that a balanced diet is more beneficial than any trendy diet.
她认同均衡饮食比任何时髦的饮食都更有益的观点。
3.She on the test because she scored unusually high compared to her previous grades.
她被怀疑在考试中作弊,因为她的成绩与以往相比异常高。
4.The project was a success of everyone involved.
由于所有参与者的努力,该项目取得了成功。
5.The old factory , offering arts and education programs.
这座旧工厂被改造成了一个社区中心,提供艺术和教育项目。
6.War , forcing many families to flee their homes.
战争突然爆发,迫使许多家庭逃离他们的家园。
7.She was ,a role she took very seriously.
她负责组织学校的运动会,这是她非常认真对待的一个角色。
8.She ,able to play multiple instruments proficiently.
她在音乐方面很有天赋,能熟练地演奏多种乐器。
9.It’s easy to , but it’s more productive to offer constructive feedback.
找别人的错很容易,但提供建设性的反馈更有成效。
维度三 单元话题写作(征文投稿——对名言的理解)
你校英文报正在征稿。请你结合下面的名人名言(famous quote),写一篇题为“My Understanding of Failure”的征文。
“A man can fail many times,but he isn’t a failure until he begins to blame somebody else.”—J.Burroughs
内容包括:1.你对该名言的理解;2.生活中的例子;3.你的感悟。
第一步 根据单元知识写美句
1.这句名言告诉我们,面对失败时,我们应该反思自己,而不是责怪他人。(省略句;put the blame on)
2.进入高中,一些学生考试成绩很差,变得很沮丧。(frustrated)
3.他们把责任归咎于老师而不是自己,结果成绩更差。我也不例外。(blame...on)
4.我意识到抱怨没有用,我开始调整我的学习方法,每当遇到困难时就向老师求助。(make no sense)
5.多亏了老师的帮助,我取得了稳定的进步,这反过来又增强了我的信心。(thanks to)
6.我意识到只有勇敢地承担失败的全部责任,而不是责怪别人,我们才能成功。(宾语从句;blame)
第二步 连句成篇创佳作
【读写素养培优练】
Part Ⅰ 续写能力提升
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:患有自闭症的赛车手奥斯汀·莱利在赛道上克服困难,展现出惊人的驾驶才能。尽管日常生活中简单任务对他来说都很复杂,但一旦坐进赛车,他就能让人大吃一惊。莱利的赛车生涯从卡丁车开始,后来他成为加拿大首位获得赛车执照的自闭症患者,并在北美各地比赛,几乎每次都能登上领奖台。
场景续写1:
成功背后的艰辛→接受训练→改进人际交往→培养乐观的态度→学习赛车理论→提高赛车技能→父母牺牲了很多→比赛费用巨大→资金来源
However,behind every success for Riley and his family is a story of hardship.
场景续写2:
莱利在赛道之外也产生了影响→发起了一个名为“与自闭症比赛(Racing with Autism)”的教育运动→主持了数百场演讲→莱利想改变世界
Riley has also made a difference off the track.
Part Ⅱ 高考同源研探
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D)
On March 7,1907,the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect.The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases,the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors,those errors aren’t always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate,and some to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together,they cancel each other out,resulting in a more accurate estimate.If people are similar and tend to make the same errors,then their errors won’t cancel each other out.In more technical terms,the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.If for whatever reasons,people’s errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon.The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.For instance,the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students,the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time,but it wasn’t the dominant response.Most frequently,the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.”Somehow,these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain,the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
32.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A.The methods of estimation.
B.The underlying logic of the effect.
C.The causes of people’s errors.
D.The design of Galton’s experiment.
33.Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if .
A.the crowds were relatively small
B.there were occasional underestimates
C.individuals did not communicate
D.estimates were not fully independent
34.What did the follow-up study focus on
A.The size of the groups.
B.The dominant members.
C.The discussion process.
D.The individual estimates.
35.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A.Unclear. B.Dismissive.
C.Doubtful. D.Approving.
思维建模
揣摩段落大意
有时,作者可能不直接给出主题句,而是通过各种方法暗示给读者,这就需要读者充分发挥想象力与判断力,揣摩段落大意。
以例示法(如32题)
第一步:细揣摩,概括段意
作者在此段中没有给出主题句,需要我们揣摩其段意。本段解释了“群体智慧”效应背后的逻辑,特别是从人们在做估算时的错误出发,说明这些错误如何在群体中互相抵消,进而产生较为准确的结果。
第二步:析选项,斟酌判断
A 本段的重点不是描述具体的估算方法,而是在解释估算准确性的原理和逻辑。
B 本段的确是在解释“群体智慧”效应的基本逻辑。因此,B选项准确反映了第2段的核心内容。
C 虽然段落提到了人们在估算中的一些倾向,比如高估或低估,但段落的重点并不是分析人们犯错的具体原因,而是解释这些错误如何被抵消。
D 第2段没有提及高尔顿实验的设计细节,而是侧重于解释“群体智慧”效应的基本逻辑。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:statistician n.统计学家;Para.2:independent adj.独立的;Para.3:phenomenon n.现象; Para.4:confident adj.自信的;dominant adj.主导的; Para.5:limitation n.限制 Para.1:average of estimates估计的平均值; Para.3:key finding关键发现;smaller groups更小的组; Para.4:global reduction全局减少; Para.5:potential implications潜在影响
析 长 难 语 句 Para.3:The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. [句式分析] 这是一个复合句。that引导表语从句,在这个从句中含有when引导的时间状语从句和that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词groups。 [尝试翻译] [语言赏析] 句子采用了对比手法,强调了讨论后的群体与独立个体在估算准确性方面的差异。通过使用more accurate than的比较结构,清楚表达了群体智慧的优势。
参考答案
【考点突破】
No.1 热考词汇
1.①on;for ②Blamed for the failure of the performance
③Was I to blame for all these embarrassments
2.①from ②is on the decrease/decreasing ③has decreased
3.①from/against ②took up a stick in defence of himself;defended himself with a stick ③themselves
片段巩固
We adventured into the forest.Unexpectedly,the temperature began to decrease rapidly,and the weather turned colder than anticipated.Midway through our journey,we encountered a pack of wolves nearby.Instead of panicking,we quickly gathered sticks and leaves to make a fire,using the flames to defend ourselves.The fire not only kept the wolves away but also provided warmth in the cold weather.Despite the danger,no one blamed each other;instead,we worked together to ensure everyone’s safety until we could safely return from our adventurous hike.
4.①out ②with ③When it comes to learning English
④came down
5.①First of all/Above all;After all;All in all;at all
②to handle the four problems in all ③Above all
片段巩固
Jack came down with a severe cold,and the trip to the mountain had to be postponed.Above all,our captain stressed the importance of taking care of ourselves during the cold weather.Instead of feeling disappointed,we gathered around to share stories,making the most of our indoor time.
No.2 一词多义/熟词生义
1.①vt.查出;追踪 ②vt.追溯 ③n.踪迹 ④n.痕迹
2.①vt.改变 ②vt.转移 ③vi.改变 ④vi.挪动 ⑤n.轮班
3.①同意 ②订购 ③把……捐赠给……
4.①vt.(用手)触,拿 ②vt.操纵(车辆) ③n.把手
④vt.处理
No.3 写作迁移
①have you quit the competition;can’t have anybody cheating
②having you waiting for so long;I had an urgent thing to attend to ③had them delivered
【能力突破练】
维度一 1.to blame 2.on 3.down 4.Above 5.destroyed
6.that 7.It 8.more satisfying 9.from/against
维度二 1.once and for all 2.subscribes to the idea 3.was suspected of cheating 4.thanks to the efforts 5.was transformed into a community center 6.broke out unexpectedly
7.in charge of organizing the school’s sports day 8.is gifted in music 9.find fault with others
维度三 第一步
1.This famous quote conveys that when facing failure,we should reflect on ourselves instead of putting the blame on others.
2.When entering high school,some students performed poorly in exams and became frustrated.
3.They blamed it on the teachers rather than themselves,resulting in even poorer performance.I was no exception.
4.Aware that complaining made no sense,I got down to adjusting my learning methods and turned to the teacher whenever encountering difficulties.
5.Thanks to the teacher’s help,I made steady progress,which in turn boosted my confidence.
6.I realize that only by bravely taking full responsibility for failure rather than blaming others can we succeed.
第二步
My Understanding of Failure
This famous quote conveys that when facing failure,we should reflect on ourselves instead of putting the blame on others.
When entering high school,some students performed poorly in exams and became frustrated.They blamed it on the teachers rather than themselves,resulting in even poorer performance.I was no exception.However,aware that complaining made no sense,I got down to adjusting my learning methods and turned to the teacher whenever encountering difficulties.Gradually,thanks to the teacher’s help,I made steady progress,which in turn boosted my confidence.
I realize that only by bravely taking full responsibility for failure rather than blaming others can we succeed.
【读写素养培优练】
Part Ⅰ 续写能力提升
【参考范文】
However,behind every success for Riley and his family is a story of hardship.On the one hand,Riley had to accept training.He improved his interpersonal skills and developed a positive and optimistic attitude.On the other hand,he worked hard to learn the theory of racing,underwent intensive training and boosted racing skills through frequent competitions.His parents sacrificed a lot to keep him racing.It was expensive.A weekend tournament could cost tens of thousands of dollars,not including travel,food and hotels.Their fund came from some sponsors,donations and commercial sales.
Riley has also made a difference off the track.He launched an education campaign named“Racing with Autism”.He hosted hundreds of presentations,telling kids,teachers and parents about his story.Families with children with autism felt if Riley could do what he was doing,their kids would have a chance too.Riley often tells us he wants to change the world.“I feel very happy and proud of what I’m doing...Because,yes,I’m a racer and yes,I love racing,but I’m doing it to change the world,” he says.“My heart is changing the world.”
Part Ⅱ 高考同源研探
【语篇解读】 本文是议论文。作者从多个角度探讨群体智慧,指出群体讨论的结果比个人思考的结果更准确。
32.B [段落大意题。通读第二段内容可知,本段解释了“群体智慧”效应的基本逻辑,故选B项。]
33.D [推理判断题。结合第二段中的“In more technical...be independent.”和第三段中的“when crowds were further...independent individuals”可知,Navajas的研究发现,即使团队成员的估算不是完全独立的,平均的估算准确度也会提高,故选D项。]
34.C [细节理解题。通过第四段第一句话可知,在随后对100名大学生的研究中,研究人员的重点在于团队讨论中队员们干了什么,即讨论的过程,故选C项。]
35.D [观点态度题。通过最后一段可知,虽然Navajas的研究有局限性,但是从他的研究看,团队讨论和做决定的潜在影响是巨大的,由此可判断作者对Navajas的研究持支持态度,故选D项。]
析长难语句
这项研究的关键发现是,当人群被进一步分为可以进行讨论的小组时,这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体间的平均值更为准确。
【词句积累】
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.cholera n. 霍乱
2.diarrhoea n. 腹泻
3.dehydration n. 脱水
4.epidemiology n. 流行病学
5.microscope n. 显微镜
6.protein n. 蛋白质
7.cell n. 细胞;小房间;单间牢房
8.virus n. 病毒
9.vaccine n. 疫苗
10.framework n. 框架;结构
11.plasma n. 血浆
12.aerospace n. 航空航天工业
13.patriotic adj. 爱国的
14.aviation n. 航空制造业;航空;飞行
15.jet n. 喷气式飞机
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.severe diarrhoea 严重的腹泻
2.contradictory evidence 相互矛盾的证据
3.be infected with germs 感染了细菌
4.water pump 水泵
5.some households 一些住户
6.raw waste 未处理的废弃物
7.scientific statistics 科学统计
8.subscribe to the theory 同意这种理论
9.the prime suspect 头号嫌疑人
10.take the blame 承担过错
11.the handle of the pump 水泵的把手
12.build a rainbow bridge 建一座彩虹桥
13.a concrete floor 混凝土地面
14.show a link 证明联系
15.substantial changes 重大变化
16.decrease in spending 开支减少
17.transform the way 改变方法
18.change the thinking 改变思维
19.an important finding 一项重大发现
20.do some solid work 做一些稳定的工作
21.cast different shadows 投下不同的影子
22.pour it like a liquid 像倒液体一样倒它
23.trace back to 追溯到
24.an outstanding scientist 一位杰出的科学家
25.abstract thought 抽象思维
26.the original concept 最初的观念
27.besides extra-curricular activities 除课外活动之外
28.a brilliant performance 一场绝妙的表演
29.space and missile programme 航天和导弹项目
30.find fault with my work 挑我工作的毛病
31.a shift in interest 兴趣的改变
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.frustrated adj. 懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的
frustrate vt. 使懊恼;使沮丧
frustration n. 沮丧;懊恼;挫败
2.infection n. 感染;传染
infect vt. 使感染;传染
infectious adj. 感染的;传染的
3.proof n. 证据;证明;检验
prove vt. 证明 link v.证明是
4.multiple adj. 数量多的;多种多样的
multiply vi.& vt. 乘;成倍增加;繁殖
5.intervention n. 介入;出面;干涉
intervene vi. 干扰;介入
6.pure adj. 干净的;纯的;纯粹的
purely adv. 完全地;纯粹地
purify vt. 净化;使……洁净;提纯
7.defend vt. 保卫;防守;辩解
defence/defense n. 防御;保卫;保护
8.assistant n. 助理;助手
assist vt.& vi. 帮助;协助
assistance n. 帮助;协助;援助
9.initial adj. 最初的;开始的;第一的
initially adv. 最初,首先
10.leadership n. 领导;领导地位;领导才能
lead vt. 领导;率领;控制;掌管;领路
leader n. 领导者;首领
leading adj. 最重要的;一流的
11.gifted adj. 有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的
gift n. 礼物;天赋
12.steady adj. 稳定的;平稳的;稳步的
steadily adv. 稳定地;持续地
13.vivid adj. 生动的;鲜明的;丰富的
vividly adv. 生动地;逼真地;鲜明地
14.mechanical adj. 机械的;发动机的;机器的
mechanic n. 机械师;机械修理工
15.astronomer n. 天文学家
astronomy n. 天文学
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.come down with 患(病);染上(小病)
2.break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
3.subscribe to 同意;赞同
4.be to blame 负有责任
5.theoretical framework 理论框架
6.water pump 水泵
7.thanks to 幸亏;由于
8.once and for all 最终地:彻底地
9.above all 最重要的是;尤其是
10.in charge of 主管;掌管
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.(so...that...)
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天内就有500多人死亡。
2.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(it作形式主语)
该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水,每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。
3.Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.[have+宾语+过去分词(短语)]
相应地,他让人把水泵的手柄拆了,这样水泵就不能用了。
4.Through Snow’s tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.(无灵主语句)
经过斯诺的不懈努力,饮用水公司开始出售洁净水,世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。
5.Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.(“否定词+比较级”表示最高级)
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。
构词法日积月累
形容词后缀-ous表示“具有……性质的;充满……的”
直接+ humor幽默→humorous幽默的 courage勇气→courageous勇敢的 danger危险→dangerous危险的 mountain山→mountainous多山的
去e+ continue继续→continuous持续的 fame名声→famous著名的;出名的 adventure冒险→adventurous有冒险精神的 ※disaster灾难→disastrous灾难性的
辅音之后 y变i+ envy嫉妒;羡慕→envious嫉妒的;羡慕的 glory光荣→glorious光荣的 harmony融洽;和睦→harmonious和睦的;融洽的 mystery神秘→mysterious神秘的
on变ous infection感染;传染→infectious传染性的 caution谨慎;小心→cautious谨慎的;小心的 ambition抱负;雄心→ambitious有抱负的;有雄心的 religion宗教→religious宗教的
特殊 anxiety焦虑→anxious焦虑的 curiosity好奇心→curious好奇的 variety多样化→various各种各样的
【考点突破】
一、热考词汇
1.blame vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备;指责
【佳句背诵】
Some group members tried to place the blame on Tom,claiming he hadn’t done his part.
(动作描写)一些组员试图把责任推给汤姆,声称他没有完成自己的部分。
be to blame (for sth) (对某事)负有责任,应受责备
blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人;把某事归咎于某人
blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某事
take/bear/shoulder the blame (for sth) 承担(……的)过错/责任
put/place/lay the blame (for sth) on sb 把(……的)责任推给某人
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①Don’t always blame your own failure others.You should bear the blame failure.
② , Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t help crying bitterly.(心理描写)
蒂姆因为演出失败被责备,随着一阵悲伤袭来,他忍不住痛哭。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③“ ” I guiltily thought to myself.(心理描写;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
“这些尴尬都怪我吗 ”我内疚地想。
2.decrease n.减少;降低;减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低
【佳句背诵】
The temperature decreased by 10 degrees overnight,causing everyone to wear warmer clothes.
温度在一夜之间下降了10度,每个人穿上了更暖和的衣服。
decrease (from...) to... (从……)减少到……
decrease by... 降低了……
decrease in... 在……方面减少/减小/下降
on the decrease 在减少
a decrease of...(in...) (在……方面)……的减少量
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①The number of students in the computer club decreased 40 to 25 this year,as many graduated.
②Because of human activities,the number of some rare animals .
由于人类活动,一些稀有动物的数目在减少。
【教考衔接】
单句语法填空
③Corn uses less water than rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.This switch (decrease) pollution in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.(全国Ⅱ卷)
3.defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解 [defenc(s)e n.防御;保卫;保护]
【佳句背诵】
In the dense forest,David quickly learned how to defend himself against wild animals using just a stick.(动作描写)密林中,大卫迅速学会了如何仅用一根棍子保护自己不受野生动物的侵害。
defend...from/against 保护……以免受
defend...with... 用……保护……
defend oneself 为自己辩护;自卫
in defence (of) 保护;保卫;防御;
(为……)辩护
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/一句多译
①It is the nature of a mother to do all she can to defend her child harm and danger.
②狼紧紧地追在他后面,他用棍子保护自己。
→With the wolf running closely after him,he .(defence)
→The wolf ran closely after him,and he .(defend...with...)
【教考衔接】
单句语法填空
③As prey animals,parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks.Their first choice is to take flight.However,if this is not possible,they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend (they).(2024·九省联考)
【片段巩固】
用blame;decrease;defend完成动作描写的片段
续写训练之情节线:冒险进入森林→气温迅速下降→遇到狼群→没有恐慌→迅速收集树枝和树叶→点燃火堆→自卫→没有人因为这种困境责备彼此→共同努力→安全地返回
4.come down with患(病);染上(小病)
【佳句背诵】
Mark came down with a fever last night,so he couldn’t attend the math competition he had been preparing for months.
马克昨晚发烧了,所以他不能参加他准备了几个月的数学竞赛。
come across (偶然)遇见;碰见;被理解
come about 发生(无被动形式)
come down 下来
come on 加油;到来;得了吧
come out 出版;结果是;(花)开放
come up 走近;上来;被提出
come up with 提出;想出(主意、计划、回答等)
when it comes to... 当谈及……
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①The new novel by my favorite author finally came last week,and I couldn’t wait to buy a copy.
②I finally came up a solution to the math problem that had been bothering me.
③ ,listening to native speakers can help you improve.
(建议信)说到学习英语,听以英语为母语的人讲话可以帮助你进步。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
④For several days he played all day in the trees surrounding our house but at bedtime.(动作描写;2024·四省适应性考试)
在接下来的几天里,他整天都在我们房子周围的树上玩耍,但在晚上睡觉时就下来。
5.above all最重要的是;尤其是
【佳句背诵】
She values many qualities in her friends,but above all,she appreciates honesty and loyalty.
(人物描写)她看重朋友身上的许多品质,但最重要的是,她欣赏诚实和忠诚。
after all 毕竟;终究
first of all 首先;第一
all in all 整体说来;总而言之
in all 全部;合计
at all (否定句)一点也不;(疑问句)到底;究竟
【以练促学】
all短语填空/单句写作
①The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University. ,you’d better learn some basic Chinese before you come. ,you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances. ,studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy .
②Thanks to your timely and generous help,I managed .(感谢信)
多亏您及时慷慨的帮助,我成功地处理了全部四个问题。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③ ,I hoped he wouldn’t assign me to work with the fiercely competitive and extremely serious fellow who always demanded perfection from his teammates,making every project feel like a high-stakes battle.(心理描写;2022·浙江1月卷)
最重要的是,我希望他不会让我和那个极具竞争力并且非常严肃的人一起工作,他总是要求他的队友做到完美,使每一个项目都感觉像是一场高风险的战斗。
【片段巩固】
用come down with;above all完成动作描写的片段
续写训练之情节线:杰克患了重感冒,不得不推迟爬山→最重要的是,队长强调了照顾好自己→没有感到失望→聚在一起分享故事,充分利用室内时间
二、一词多义
1.trace /tre s/ vt.追溯;追踪;查出 n.痕迹(生义);遗迹;踪迹
①Police are anxious to trace two men seen leaving the house just before 8 am.
②The practice of giving eggs at Easter can be traced back to festivals in ancient China.
③My wallet has been missing for several days and I can’t find any trace of it.
④She speaks English without the slightest trace of an accent.
2.shift / ft/ n.改变;转换;轮班(生义) vi.& vt.转移;挪动;转向;改变
①They shifted their viewpoints frequently.
②The school had to shift resources from less popular programs to more essential academic subjects.
③Public attitudes towards this have shifted over the past 50 years.
④It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
⑤The student volunteers were divided into three shifts,each responsible for different activities and times.
3.subscribe to同意;赞同;把……捐赠给……(生义);订购
①He subscribes to the view that children can benefit from being independent.
②Amy thought it was worthwhile to read English newspapers every day so she subscribed to the 21st Century.
③Many people subscribed money to the education fund.
4.handle / h ndl/ vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等);(用手)触,拿 n.把手(生义);拉手;柄
①The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.(2022·全国甲卷)
②Driving a car is not just handling controls but judging speed and distance.
③Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles.
④Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details,make suggestions,and then handle the actual reservations.
(2023·浙江1月卷)
三、写作迁移
句型公式:have+宾语+过去分词(短语)
课本原句:Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
相应地,他让人把水泵的手柄拆了,这样水泵就不能用了。
【佳句背诵】
I am sorry I could not attend the dance practice;I had my feet hurt after slipping on the stairs,making it difficult to stand for too long.(道歉信)
很抱歉我不能参加舞蹈练习;我在楼梯上滑倒后脚受伤了,站立时间过长会很困难。
have sth done 使某事被做;请人做某事
have sb do sth 让某人做某事
have sb/sth doing sth 让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态
can’t have sb doing sth 不能容忍某人做某事
have sth to do 有某事要做
【以练促学】
单句写作
①I regret to tell you that I will ,for we in the game.
我很遗憾地告诉你,我将会让你退出比赛,因为我们不能容忍任何人在比赛中作弊。
②I am terribly sorry for ,because just now.(道歉信)
我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间,因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③We began to help pick peaches,working alongside the cheerful farmers who taught us the proper techniques.After filling up several baskets,we then to the farmers’ houses.(活动介绍;2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
我们开始帮那些热情的农民一起摘桃子,他们教会我们正确的技巧。在装满了几个篮子后,我们随后将它们送到了农户的家中。
【能力突破练】
维度一 单元知识运用
1.Many believed that the sudden weather change was (blame) for the failure of the outdoor concert.
2.Littering in the school playground has been the decrease since the introduction of more trash bins.
3.Several volunteers came with heat exhaustion during the charity marathon event last summer.
4. all,maintaining a positive attitude is essential for overcoming any challenge.
5.She had her artwork (destroy) in the flood,losing years of hard work.
6.The wind was so strong it knocked down several trees in the school yard.
7. seemed that the more they studied,the more questions they had,turning their study session into a lively discussion.
8.Nothing is (satisfying) to her than solving a complex puzzle.
9.To defend the garden pests,they introduced natural predators (天敌),which helped maintain the health of the plants without using harmful chemicals.
维度二 单元知识拾遗
1.The software update fixed the bug , improving the system’s performance.
软件更新彻底修复了这个错误,提升了系统的性能。
2.She that a balanced diet is more beneficial than any trendy diet.
她认同均衡饮食比任何时髦的饮食都更有益的观点。
3.She on the test because she scored unusually high compared to her previous grades.
她被怀疑在考试中作弊,因为她的成绩与以往相比异常高。
4.The project was a success of everyone involved.
由于所有参与者的努力,该项目取得了成功。
5.The old factory , offering arts and education programs.
这座旧工厂被改造成了一个社区中心,提供艺术和教育项目。
6.War , forcing many families to flee their homes.
战争突然爆发,迫使许多家庭逃离他们的家园。
7.She was ,a role she took very seriously.
她负责组织学校的运动会,这是她非常认真对待的一个角色。
8.She ,able to play multiple instruments proficiently.
她在音乐方面很有天赋,能熟练地演奏多种乐器。
9.It’s easy to , but it’s more productive to offer constructive feedback.
找别人的错很容易,但提供建设性的反馈更有成效。
维度三 单元话题写作(征文投稿——对名言的理解)
你校英文报正在征稿。请你结合下面的名人名言(famous quote),写一篇题为“My Understanding of Failure”的征文。
“A man can fail many times,but he isn’t a failure until he begins to blame somebody else.”—J.Burroughs
内容包括:1.你对该名言的理解;2.生活中的例子;3.你的感悟。
第一步 根据单元知识写美句
1.这句名言告诉我们,面对失败时,我们应该反思自己,而不是责怪他人。(省略句;put the blame on)
2.进入高中,一些学生考试成绩很差,变得很沮丧。(frustrated)
3.他们把责任归咎于老师而不是自己,结果成绩更差。我也不例外。(blame...on)
4.我意识到抱怨没有用,我开始调整我的学习方法,每当遇到困难时就向老师求助。(make no sense)
5.多亏了老师的帮助,我取得了稳定的进步,这反过来又增强了我的信心。(thanks to)
6.我意识到只有勇敢地承担失败的全部责任,而不是责怪别人,我们才能成功。(宾语从句;blame)
第二步 连句成篇创佳作
【读写素养培优练】
Part Ⅰ 续写能力提升
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:患有自闭症的赛车手奥斯汀·莱利在赛道上克服困难,展现出惊人的驾驶才能。尽管日常生活中简单任务对他来说都很复杂,但一旦坐进赛车,他就能让人大吃一惊。莱利的赛车生涯从卡丁车开始,后来他成为加拿大首位获得赛车执照的自闭症患者,并在北美各地比赛,几乎每次都能登上领奖台。
场景续写1:
成功背后的艰辛→接受训练→改进人际交往→培养乐观的态度→学习赛车理论→提高赛车技能→父母牺牲了很多→比赛费用巨大→资金来源
However,behind every success for Riley and his family is a story of hardship.
场景续写2:
莱利在赛道之外也产生了影响→发起了一个名为“与自闭症比赛(Racing with Autism)”的教育运动→主持了数百场演讲→莱利想改变世界
Riley has also made a difference off the track.
Part Ⅱ 高考同源研探
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D)
On March 7,1907,the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect.The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases,the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors,those errors aren’t always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate,and some to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together,they cancel each other out,resulting in a more accurate estimate.If people are similar and tend to make the same errors,then their errors won’t cancel each other out.In more technical terms,the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.If for whatever reasons,people’s errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon.The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.For instance,the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students,the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time,but it wasn’t the dominant response.Most frequently,the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.”Somehow,these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain,the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
32.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A.The methods of estimation.
B.The underlying logic of the effect.
C.The causes of people’s errors.
D.The design of Galton’s experiment.
33.Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if .
A.the crowds were relatively small
B.there were occasional underestimates
C.individuals did not communicate
D.estimates were not fully independent
34.What did the follow-up study focus on
A.The size of the groups.
B.The dominant members.
C.The discussion process.
D.The individual estimates.
35.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A.Unclear. B.Dismissive.
C.Doubtful. D.Approving.
思维建模
揣摩段落大意
有时,作者可能不直接给出主题句,而是通过各种方法暗示给读者,这就需要读者充分发挥想象力与判断力,揣摩段落大意。
以例示法(如32题)
第一步:细揣摩,概括段意
作者在此段中没有给出主题句,需要我们揣摩其段意。本段解释了“群体智慧”效应背后的逻辑,特别是从人们在做估算时的错误出发,说明这些错误如何在群体中互相抵消,进而产生较为准确的结果。
第二步:析选项,斟酌判断
A 本段的重点不是描述具体的估算方法,而是在解释估算准确性的原理和逻辑。
B 本段的确是在解释“群体智慧”效应的基本逻辑。因此,B选项准确反映了第2段的核心内容。
C 虽然段落提到了人们在估算中的一些倾向,比如高估或低估,但段落的重点并不是分析人们犯错的具体原因,而是解释这些错误如何被抵消。
D 第2段没有提及高尔顿实验的设计细节,而是侧重于解释“群体智慧”效应的基本逻辑。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:statistician n.统计学家;Para.2:independent adj.独立的;Para.3:phenomenon n.现象; Para.4:confident adj.自信的;dominant adj.主导的; Para.5:limitation n.限制 Para.1:average of estimates估计的平均值; Para.3:key finding关键发现;smaller groups更小的组; Para.4:global reduction全局减少; Para.5:potential implications潜在影响
析 长 难 语 句 Para.3:The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. [句式分析] 这是一个复合句。that引导表语从句,在这个从句中含有when引导的时间状语从句和that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词groups。 [尝试翻译] [语言赏析] 句子采用了对比手法,强调了讨论后的群体与独立个体在估算准确性方面的差异。通过使用more accurate than的比较结构,清楚表达了群体智慧的优势。
参考答案
【考点突破】
No.1 热考词汇
1.①on;for ②Blamed for the failure of the performance
③Was I to blame for all these embarrassments
2.①from ②is on the decrease/decreasing ③has decreased
3.①from/against ②took up a stick in defence of himself;defended himself with a stick ③themselves
片段巩固
We adventured into the forest.Unexpectedly,the temperature began to decrease rapidly,and the weather turned colder than anticipated.Midway through our journey,we encountered a pack of wolves nearby.Instead of panicking,we quickly gathered sticks and leaves to make a fire,using the flames to defend ourselves.The fire not only kept the wolves away but also provided warmth in the cold weather.Despite the danger,no one blamed each other;instead,we worked together to ensure everyone’s safety until we could safely return from our adventurous hike.
4.①out ②with ③When it comes to learning English
④came down
5.①First of all/Above all;After all;All in all;at all
②to handle the four problems in all ③Above all
片段巩固
Jack came down with a severe cold,and the trip to the mountain had to be postponed.Above all,our captain stressed the importance of taking care of ourselves during the cold weather.Instead of feeling disappointed,we gathered around to share stories,making the most of our indoor time.
No.2 一词多义/熟词生义
1.①vt.查出;追踪 ②vt.追溯 ③n.踪迹 ④n.痕迹
2.①vt.改变 ②vt.转移 ③vi.改变 ④vi.挪动 ⑤n.轮班
3.①同意 ②订购 ③把……捐赠给……
4.①vt.(用手)触,拿 ②vt.操纵(车辆) ③n.把手
④vt.处理
No.3 写作迁移
①have you quit the competition;can’t have anybody cheating
②having you waiting for so long;I had an urgent thing to attend to ③had them delivered
【能力突破练】
维度一 1.to blame 2.on 3.down 4.Above 5.destroyed
6.that 7.It 8.more satisfying 9.from/against
维度二 1.once and for all 2.subscribes to the idea 3.was suspected of cheating 4.thanks to the efforts 5.was transformed into a community center 6.broke out unexpectedly
7.in charge of organizing the school’s sports day 8.is gifted in music 9.find fault with others
维度三 第一步
1.This famous quote conveys that when facing failure,we should reflect on ourselves instead of putting the blame on others.
2.When entering high school,some students performed poorly in exams and became frustrated.
3.They blamed it on the teachers rather than themselves,resulting in even poorer performance.I was no exception.
4.Aware that complaining made no sense,I got down to adjusting my learning methods and turned to the teacher whenever encountering difficulties.
5.Thanks to the teacher’s help,I made steady progress,which in turn boosted my confidence.
6.I realize that only by bravely taking full responsibility for failure rather than blaming others can we succeed.
第二步
My Understanding of Failure
This famous quote conveys that when facing failure,we should reflect on ourselves instead of putting the blame on others.
When entering high school,some students performed poorly in exams and became frustrated.They blamed it on the teachers rather than themselves,resulting in even poorer performance.I was no exception.However,aware that complaining made no sense,I got down to adjusting my learning methods and turned to the teacher whenever encountering difficulties.Gradually,thanks to the teacher’s help,I made steady progress,which in turn boosted my confidence.
I realize that only by bravely taking full responsibility for failure rather than blaming others can we succeed.
【读写素养培优练】
Part Ⅰ 续写能力提升
【参考范文】
However,behind every success for Riley and his family is a story of hardship.On the one hand,Riley had to accept training.He improved his interpersonal skills and developed a positive and optimistic attitude.On the other hand,he worked hard to learn the theory of racing,underwent intensive training and boosted racing skills through frequent competitions.His parents sacrificed a lot to keep him racing.It was expensive.A weekend tournament could cost tens of thousands of dollars,not including travel,food and hotels.Their fund came from some sponsors,donations and commercial sales.
Riley has also made a difference off the track.He launched an education campaign named“Racing with Autism”.He hosted hundreds of presentations,telling kids,teachers and parents about his story.Families with children with autism felt if Riley could do what he was doing,their kids would have a chance too.Riley often tells us he wants to change the world.“I feel very happy and proud of what I’m doing...Because,yes,I’m a racer and yes,I love racing,but I’m doing it to change the world,” he says.“My heart is changing the world.”
Part Ⅱ 高考同源研探
【语篇解读】 本文是议论文。作者从多个角度探讨群体智慧,指出群体讨论的结果比个人思考的结果更准确。
32.B [段落大意题。通读第二段内容可知,本段解释了“群体智慧”效应的基本逻辑,故选B项。]
33.D [推理判断题。结合第二段中的“In more technical...be independent.”和第三段中的“when crowds were further...independent individuals”可知,Navajas的研究发现,即使团队成员的估算不是完全独立的,平均的估算准确度也会提高,故选D项。]
34.C [细节理解题。通过第四段第一句话可知,在随后对100名大学生的研究中,研究人员的重点在于团队讨论中队员们干了什么,即讨论的过程,故选C项。]
35.D [观点态度题。通过最后一段可知,虽然Navajas的研究有局限性,但是从他的研究看,团队讨论和做决定的潜在影响是巨大的,由此可判断作者对Navajas的研究持支持态度,故选D项。]
析长难语句
这项研究的关键发现是,当人群被进一步分为可以进行讨论的小组时,这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体间的平均值更为准确。