人教版高中英语必修一Welcome Unit 知识点总结
一、重点单词
1.exchange:/rks'tfeind3/,作名词时,表示“交换;交流”;作动词时,意为“交换;交流;交易;兑换”。常见短语有:
-exchange sth.for sth.: 用.....交换.....,如:exchange dollars for pounds(用美元兑换英镑)
-exchange sth.with sb.:与某人交换某物,Let's exchange gifts with each other.(我们彼此交换礼物吧。)
-in exchange for:作为对.....的交换,He gave me an apple in exchange for a banana.(他给我一个苹果来换香蕉。)
2.lecture: /'lektf (r)/,名词,“讲座;讲课;教训”;也可作动词,意为"(开)讲座;讲课;训斥”。例如:give a lecture on history(举办一场关于历史的讲座);lecture sb.on sth.(就某事训斥某人)
3.registration:/,red3i'strerfn/,名词,“登记;注册;挂号”,其动词形式是register/'red3Ista(r)/,如:registration form(登记表);register for a course(注册一门课程)
4.anxious:/' nkf s/,形容词,“焦虑的;不安的”,常见搭配有:
-be anxious about sth.:为某事焦虑,She is anxipus about her son's safety.(她为儿子的安全担忧。)
-be anxious to do sth.: 渴望做某事,They are anxious to start the project.(他们渴望开始这个项目。),副词形式是anxiously/' nkfasli/,名词形式是anxiety/ r'zai ti/
5.annoy:/ noi/,动词,“使恼怒;打扰”。
-annoyed:/a'nord/,形容词,“恼怒的;烦闷的”,常用来修饰人,be annoyed with sb.(生某人的气);be annoyed at/about sth.(因某事而恼怒)
-annoying:/ 'nonin/,形容词,“讨厌的;恼人的”,常用来修饰事物,an annoying noise(恼人的噪音);名词形式是annoyance/ 'nor ns/
6.frightened:/'frartnd/,形容词,“惊吓的;害怕的”,常用来描述人的感受,be frightened of sth./doing sth.(害怕某事/做某事),如:She is frightened of dogs.(她怕狗。);其动词形式是frighten/'fraitn/,"使惊吓;吓唬”,frightening/'frartnin/是形容词,“令人恐惧的”,常用来描述事物,a frightening story(一个令人恐惧的故事)
7.impress:/im'pres/,动词,“使钦佩;给....留下深刻的好印象;使意识到(重要性或严重性等)”。
-impression:/Imprefn/,名词,“印象;感想”,常见短语 make an impression (on sb.)(给某人留下印象),leave a deep impression on sb.(给某人留下深刻印象)
-impressive:/im'presiv/,形容词,“给人深刻印象的;令人钦佩的”,an impressive performance(令人印象深刻的表演)
8.concentrate:/konsntrert/,动词,“集中(注意力);聚精会神;使集中;浓缩”,常见搭配:
- concentrate on sth./doing sth.:集中精力于某事/做某事,We should concentrate on our study.(我们应该集中精力学习。)
- concentration:/konsn'trerfn/,名词,“专心;专注;集中;浓度”,a concentration of population(人口集中)
9.confident:/'konfidant/,形容词,“自信的;有把握的”。
-be confident about/of sth.:对某事有信心,He is confident of success.(他对成功有信心。)
-be confident in sb.: 对某人有信心,We are confident in our team.(我们对自己的团队有信心。)
-confidence:/'konfid ns/,名词,“信心;信任;自信心”,have confidence in(对.....有信心)
-confidently:/'konfid ntli/,副词,“自信地;安心地”
10.awkward:/'o:kw d/,形容词,“令人尴尬的;难对付的;笨拙的;不方便的”。例如:an awkward situation (尴尬的局面);an awkward moment(尴尬时刻);副词是awkwardly/'o:kw dli/,名词是 awkwardness /'o:kw dn s/
11.explore:/Ik'splo:(r)/,动词,“探索;勘探;探究;考察”。
-exploration:/,ekspla'rerfn/,名词,“探索;探究;勘探”,space exploration(太空探索)
-explorer: /rk'splo:r (r)/,名词,“探险者;勘探者;考察者”
12.organise:/'o:g naiz/,动词,“组织;筹备;安排;处理”。
-organisation:/,p:g nar'zerfn/,名词,“组织;团体;机构;筹备;安排”,anon-profit organisation(一个非营利性组织)
-organised:/'o:g naizd/,形容词,“有组织的;有条理的”,an organised person(一个有条理的人)
13.personality:/p3:s 'n l ti/,名词,“性格;个性;人格;魅力;名人”。例如:a strong personality(个性很强);personal/'p3:s nl/,形容词,“个人的;私人的;亲自的”;personally/'p3:s n li/,副词,“就个人而言;亲自地”
14.style:/stail/,名词,“方式;作风;样式;风格;款式”。例如:living style(生活方式);in style(流行;时髧地);out of styk(过时)
二、重点短语
1.at last:终于;最终,After a long wait,the bus arrived at last.(等了很久之后,公交车终于来了。),同义词组有 finally,in the end
2.make an impression: 留下好印象,You should dress neatly to make a good impression on others.(你应该穿着整洁,给别人留下好印象。),常与介词on搭配,make an impression on sb.(给某人留下印象)
3.what if:要是.....会怎么样呢,What if it rains tomorrow?(要是明天下雨怎么办?),其后可接陈述句,也可接虚拟语气,What if you had told him the truth yesterday?(要是你昨天就把真相告诉他会怎么样呢?)
4.concentrate on: 集中精力于,Students should concentrate on their studies.(学生应该集中精力学习。),同义词组有 focus on,pay attenton to
5.leave..alone:不打扰;不惊动,Leave me alone.I'm thinking.(别打扰我,我在思考。)
6.look forward to:盼望;期待,其中to是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词,I'm looking forward to your reply.(我期待你的回复。);We are looking forward to going on a trip.(我们盼望着去旅行。)
7.take notes: 记笔记,Please take notes while listening to the lecture.(听讲座的时候请记笔记。),也可以说 take a note 或 take down notes
8.in exchange for:作为对.....的交换,He gave me a book in exchange for my pen.(他给我一本书换我的钢笔。)9.add...to...:把.....添加到......, Add some sugar to the coffee.(往咖啡里加些糖。)
10.make friends(with sb.):(和某人)交朋友,I made friends with a new classmate.(我和一位新同学交了朋友。)
三、重点句型
1.find+宾语+宾语补足语:发现.....处于某种状态,其中宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语等。
-I found the book interesting.(我发现这本书很有趣。)(形容词作宾补)
-We found him a good student.(我们发现他是个好学生。)(名词作宾补)
-She found the window broken.(她发现窗户破了。)(过去分词作宾补,表被动和完成)
-I found him sitting in the corner.(我发现他正坐在角落里。)(现在分词作宾补,表主动和进行)
2.I believe(that)+宾语从句:我相信.....,I believe that I can pass the exam.(我相信我能通过考试。),that 在宾语从句中无实际意义,常可省略
3.There be+主语+to do:有.....要做,There is a lot of homework to do.(有很多作业要做。),此句型中,to do 作后置定语修饰主语
4.It would be+adj.+if...:如果.....将会是.....,常用于虚拟语气,表示与事实不符的假设。It would be great if l could fly like a bird.(如果我能像鸟儿一样飞,那就太棒了。)
四、语法知识
(一)句子成分
1.主语:句子中表示动作的执行者或被描述的对象,通常由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等充当。
-The book is interesting.(名词作主语)
-He likes playing basketball.(代词作主语)
- To see is to believe.(不定式作主语)
-Reading aloud is very important.(动名词作主语)
-What he said is true.(从句作主语)
2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,由动词或动词短语充当,有人称和数的变化。She runs every morning.(动词作谓语);They are having a meeting.(动词短语作谓语)
3.表语:说明主语的身份、特征、状态等,位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,seem,sound等)之后,可由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、从句等充当。
-He is a student.(名词作表语)
-The flowers look beautiful.(形容词作表语)
-My father is out.(副词作表语)
-The book is on the desk.(介词短语作表语)
-Her job is to look after the children.(不定式作表语)
-Seeing is believing.(动名词作表语)
-The question is whether he will come.(从句作表语)
4.宾语:表示动作的对象或行为的承受者,一般位于及物动词或介词后面,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、从句等充当。
-I like apples.(名词作宾语)
-She helps me.(代词作宾语)
-He wants two.(数词作宾语)
-We should help the poor.(名词化的形容词作宾语)
-I want to go home.(不定式作宾语)
-Do you enjoy reading?(动名词作宾语)
-I know that he is a good student.(从句作宾语)
5.宾语补足语:对宾语进行补充说明,使句子的意义更加完整,可由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等充当。
-We made him our monitor.(名词作宾补)
-The news made us happy.(形容词作宾补)
-Let him in.(副词作宾补)
-We found the book on the desk.(介词短语作宾补)
-I asked him to help me.(不定式作宾补)
-We saw him playing football.(现在分词作宾补,表主动和进行)
-I had my hair cut.(过去分词作宾补,表被动和完成)
6.定语:修饰名词或代词的成分,可分为前置定语和后置定语。前置定语常由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词等充当;后置定语常由形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词短语、从句等充当。
-a beautiful girl(形容词作前置定语)
-a book store(名词作前置定语)
-his pen(代词作前置定语)
-two apples(数词作前置定语)
-the people there(副词作后置定语)
-the book on the desk(介词短语作后置定语)
-the man to come(不定式作后置定语)
-the boy standing there(分词短语作后置定语)
-the book that I bought yesterday(从句作后置定语)
7.状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、
程度等,可由副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、从句等充当。
-He runs fast.(副词作状语)
-We study in the classroom.(介词短语作状语,表地点)
-To get good grades, we study hard.(不定式作状语,表目的)
-He came in,singing and dancing.(分词作状语,表伴随)
-Because it rained,we stayed at home.(从句作状语,表原因)
(二)基本句型
1.主语+谓语(SV):此句型中谓语动词是不及物动词,后面不需要接宾语。The sun rises.(太阳升起。);She runs every day,(她每天跑步。)
2.主语+系动词+表语(SP):常见系动词有be,look,sound,taste,feel,become,get,turn等。She is happy.(她很开心。);The music sounds beautiful.(这音乐听起来很美。)
3.主语+谓语+宾语(SVO):谓语动词是及物动词,后面要接宾语。I like English.(我喜欢英语。);He eats an apple.(他吃了一个苹果。)
4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO):间接宾语通常指人,直接宾语通常指物,常见的这类动词有give,show,bring,tell,teach,lend等。He gives me a book.(他给我一本书。),也可表达为He gives a book to me.; She teaches us English.(她教我们英语。),也可表达为She teaches English to us.
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC):We made the room clean.(我们使房间干净。);They asked him to leave.(他们要求他离开。)
6.There be句型:表示“某地有某物/某人”,There is a book on the desk.(桌子上有一本书。);There are some students in the classroom.(教室里有一些学生。),be动词的单复数形式要根据后面的主语来确定,如果主语是并列的,要遵循“就近原则”,There is a pen and two books on the desk.(桌子上有一支钢笔和两本书。)