Unit 1 This is me 语法精讲精练
现在完成时
一、现在完成时的概念
1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,这种用法中的谓语动词一般为短暂性动词
I've already finished my homework.
我已经做完我的作业了。
2. 表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,这种用法中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。
He has been a doctor for two years.
他已经当了两年的医生了。
二、现在完成时的构成
肯定句:主语 + have / has + 过去分词 + 其他.
否定句:主语 + haven't / hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他.
一般疑问句:Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
肯定答语:Yes, 主语 + have / has.
否定答语:No, 主语 + haven't / hasn't.
我已经打扫过房间了。 I have cleaned the room .
我还没有打扫房间。 I haven't cleaned the room .
你打扫房间了吗 Have you cleaned the room
Yes, I have. (肯定回答)
No, I haven't.
三、过去分词的变化规则
1. 直接在词尾加 ed
work - worked ; open - opened
2. 以不发音 e 结尾的词直接加 d
live - lived ; skate - skated
3. 以"元音字母 + y"结尾的词一般直接加 ed
play - played ; stay - stayed
4. 以"辅音字母 + y"结尾的词,变 y 为 i,再加 ed
study - studied ; hurry - hurried
5. 以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,要双写这个辅音字母,再加 ed
stop - stopped ; plan - planned ; prefer - preferred
四、have been to 与 have gone to 两点易错的用法
1. have been to可以与表次数的once, twice, three times等连用
注意此时不能用have gone to。
She has been to Europe twice.
她去过两次欧洲。
2. have gone to有时可与一段时间连用,表示已去了某地,并要在某地待一段时间。
He has gone to London for two weeks.
他已去伦敦两周了。
五、现在完成时中常用副词辨析
already:已经,强调某事已经发生, 肯定句
I have already done my homework. 我已经做完了作业。
ever :曾经,强调“在过去的任何时间” 疑问句
Have you ever watched this film 你看过这部电影吗?
for :表示一段时间,其后接一段时间
Have you known Sandy for a long time 你认识桑迪很长时间 了吗?
just :刚刚,强调某事是最近发生的,肯定句
I have just seen Daniel. 我刚才看见丹尼尔了。
never: 从不,强调“过去从来没有” 否定句
I have never read this story. 我从来没读过这个故事。
since: 自……以来,表示"从过去某个时间开始一直延续到现在" 肯定句/否定句
yet :还(没有),谈论尚未发生但可能发生的事, 否定句和疑问句
I have not heard from her yet. 我还没有得到她的消息。
recently :最近,强调“不久以前”
语法精练
一、单项选择
( )1. —____ you ever ____ to an amusement park
—Yes, I have. I ____ to Happy Valley last year.
A. Have; been; went B. Have; gone; went
C. Did; go; have gone D. Did; went; have been
( )2. My father ____ Shanghai on business. He ____ there twice.
A. has been to; has gone to B. has gone to; has been
C. has been in; has been to D. has gone; has been to
( )3. —Where is your brother
—He ____ to the library. He ____ for about two hours.
A. has gone; has left B. has gone; has been away
C. has been; has left D. has been; has been away
( )4. The Greens ____ China for five years.
A. has been in B. have been in
C. went to D. has gone to
( )5. So far, I ____ a lot about Chinese culture.
A.learned B. learn C. will learn D. have learned
( )6. —Why are you worried
—I’m expecting a call from my daughter. She ______ New for three days.
A.has gone to B. has been to
C. has been in D. has come in
( )7.I ______ many new friends since I came here.
A.make B.made C.will make D.have made
( )8.He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he
A.already B.never C. ever D. still
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. I ____ (see) the film Titanic twice. It's really moving.
2. —____ your father ____ (come) back from work yet
—Yes, he has. He ____ (come) back half an hour ago.
3. Miss Green isn't in the office. She ____ (go) to the library.
4. They ____ (live) here since they got married.
5. So far, we ____ (plant) hundreds of trees around the lake.
三、按要求完成句子
1. I have already finished my homework.(改为否定句)
I ____ ____ my homework ____.
2. He has been to the Great Wall.(改为一般疑问句)
____ he ____ to the Great Wall
3. They have lived in this city for ten years.(对划线部分提问)
____ ____ ____ they ____ in this city
4. The old man died two years ago.(改为同义句)
The old man ____ ____ ____ for two years.
5. Tom has gone to the USA.(对划线部分提问)
____ ____ Tom ____
四、短文填空
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,使短文完整、通顺。
already, yet, see, be, go, take, visit, do, have, learn
Dear Lucy,
I'm in Beijing now. I 1. ____ here for three days. Beijing is a beautiful city. I 2. ____ many interesting places, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace and the Palace Museum. I 3. ____ the Great Wall twice. It's really amazing. I also 4. ____ some shopping and 5. ____ a lot of delicious food.
I 6. ____ some Chinese, but I can't speak it well 7. ____. I 8. ____ many photos and I will show them to you when I come back.
I 9. ____ to the Bird's Nest. It's a wonderful place. I 10. ____ a great time here. I hope you can come to China one day.
Love,
Lily
五、翻译句子
1. 到目前为止,我们已经学了大约两千个英语单词。
_______________________________________________
2. 你曾经去过上海迪士尼乐园吗?
_______________________________________________
3. 他的父母去香港出差了,他们已经在那里待了两天了。
_______________________________________________
4. 自从去年以来,我就没见过他。
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5. 我的姐姐已经去图书馆半个小时了。
_______________________________________________一、单项选择
1. 答案:A
解析:ever是现在完成时标志词,“Have you ever been to... ”询问“你曾去过某地吗”;“have been to”表示去过已回,“have gone to”表示去了未回 。答语中“last year”是一般过去时标志,用动词过去式went 。
2. 答案:B
解析:“has gone to”表示去了某地未回,爸爸去上海出差,人不在这;“has been to”表示去过某地,“there”是地点副词,省略“to”,即“has been there”表示去过那里。
3. 答案:B
解析:问哥哥在哪,“has gone to”表示去了图书馆未回;“for about two hours”是一段时间,leave是短暂性动词,要变成延续性的“has been away”表示离开的状态持续两小时。
4. 答案:B
解析:“The Greens”指格林一家人,是复数概念,“for five years”表示一段时间,用现在完成时“have been in”表示在某地待了多久 。
5. 答案:D
解析:“So far”是现在完成时标志词,结构是“have/has+过去分词” ,主语“I”用“have”,“learn”的过去分词是“learned”。
6. 答案:C
解析:“for three days”表示一段时间,“has gone to”和“has come in”是短暂性动作,不能与时间段连用;“has been to”表示去过已回,不符合;“has been in”表示在某地待了多久,女儿在纽约待了三天,选C。
7. 答案:D
解析:“since I came here”表示从过去到现在的一段时间,是现在完成时标志,“make”的过去分词是“made”,主语“I”用“have made”。
8. 答案:B
解析:反意疑问句中,前肯后否,前否后肯。此句后半部分是肯定,前半部分要用否定,“never”表示否定“从未” ,“already”“ever”“still”无否定含义。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. 答案:have seen
解析:“twice”表示次数,是现在完成时标志,“see”的过去分词是“seen”,主语“I”用“have seen”。
2. 答案:Has; come; came
解析:“yet”是现在完成时标志词,一般疑问句把“has”提前;“half an hour ago”是一般过去时标志,“come”的过去式是“came”。
3. 答案:has gone
解析:格林小姐不在办公室,说明去了图书馆还没回来,用“has gone to”。
4. 答案:have lived
解析:“since they got married”表示从过去持续到现在,是现在完成时标志,主语“They”用“have lived”。
5. 答案:have planted
解析:“So far”是现在完成时标志,“plant”的过去分词是“planted”,主语“we”用“have planted”。
三、按要求完成句子
1. 答案:haven't finished; yet
解析:现在完成时否定句在“have”后加“not”,可缩写为“haven't”;“already”用于肯定句,否定句用“yet”且放句末。
2. 答案:Has; been
解析:现在完成时一般疑问句把“has”提到主语前。
3. 答案:How long have; lived
解析:对“for ten years”(一段时间)提问用“How long”,后面接现在完成时的一般疑问句语序,把“have”提前。
4. 答案:has been dead
解析:“died”是短暂性动词,不能与“for two years”连用,要变成延续性的“be dead”,主语是第三人称单数,用“has been dead”。
5. 答案:Where has; gone
解析:对地点提问用“Where”,后面接现在完成时的一般疑问句语序,把“has”提前。
四、短文填空
1. 答案:have been
解析:“for three days”是一段时间,用现在完成时表示在这待了三天,“be here”表示在这儿,主语“I”用“have been”。
2. 答案:have visited
解析:根据语境,“已经参观了很多有趣的地方”,用现在完成时,“visit”的过去分词是“visited”,主语“I”用“have visited”。
3. 答案:have seen
解析:“twice”是现在完成时标志,“see”的过去分词是“seen”,表示看过长城两次,主语“I”用“have seen”。
4. 答案:have done
解析:“do some shopping”表示购物,用现在完成时,“do”的过去分词是“done”,主语“I”用“have done”。
5. 答案:have had
解析:“吃了很多美味食物”,“have”表示吃,过去分词是“had”,用现在完成时,主语“I”用“have had”。
6. 答案:have learned
解析:“已经学了一些中文”,用现在完成时,“learn”的过去分词是“learned”,主语“I”用“have learned”。
7. 答案:yet
解析:否定句中表示“还(没)”用“yet”。
8. 答案:have taken
解析:“拍了很多照片”,“take photos”表示拍照,“take”的过去分词是“taken”,用现在完成时,主语“I”用“have taken”。
9. 答案:have been
解析:“去过鸟巢”,用现在完成时,“have been to”表示去过,主语“I”用“have been” ,“to”后的“the Bird's Nest”是地点。
10. 答案:have had
解析:“have a great time”表示玩得开心,用现在完成时,“have”的过去分词是“had”,主语“I”用“have had”。
五、翻译句子
1. 答案:So far, we have learned about two thousand English words.
解析:“so far”是现在完成时标志词,“learn”的现在完成时结构是“have learned”,“about”表示大约 。
2. 答案:Have you ever been to Shanghai Disneyland
解析:“ever”用于现在完成时的疑问句表示曾经,“have been to”表示去过某地,“Shanghai Disneyland”是上海迪士尼乐园。
3. 答案:His parents have gone to Hong Kong on business. They have been there for two days.
解析:“去了某地”用“have gone to”,“on business”表示出差;“在某地待了两天”用“have been in”,“there”是地点副词,省略“in”,即“have been there for two days”。
4. 答案:I haven't seen him since last year.
解析:“since last year”表示从去年以来,是现在完成时标志,否定句在“have”后加“not”,“see”的过去分词是“seen”。
5. 答案:My sister has been in the library for half an hour.
解析:“在图书馆”用“be in the library”,“for half an hour”表示一段时间,用现在完成时,主语是第三人称单数,用“has been in” 。