Period Three Discovering Useful Structures
1.entrance n.入口;进入
(教材P6)We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid. 我们在大金字塔的入口处遇见了一位专业的考古学家。
(1)the entrance to ……的入口/大门
gain entrance to 获得进入……的许可
an entrance fee 入场费
an entrance examination 入学考试
(2)enter v. 进入
[温馨提示] “the+名词+to”结构: the answer to ……的答案;the key to……的关键;the way/solution to……的方法。
【佳句背诵】
Visitors can see many of these historic objects at the visitor centre at the entrance to Jamestown.
游客可以在詹姆斯敦入口处的游客中心看到许多这样的历史文物。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2021·全国乙卷] Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 (enter), seating 50,000 people.
②The entrance the university requires students to pass a series of challenging exams.
◆完成句子
③If you are free, I’ll meet you at 7:00 that evening. (应用文写作之告知信)
如果你有空,我将于那天晚上7点在音乐厅门口和你会合。
2.process n.过程; 进程; 步骤 vt. 处理; 加工
(教材P6)He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure.他向我们解释了建造如此难做的结构的过程。
(1)in process (=in progress) (某事)在进行中
in the process of (doing) sth 在(做)某事的过程中
(2)process…into… 把……加工成……
(3)processed adj. (食品)经过加工的;
处理过的
【佳句背诵】
The process of learning a new language is not always easy, but every small step of progress brings a sense of accomplishment.学习一门新语言的过程并不总是轻松的,但每一小步的进步都能带来成就感。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Our team is the process of completing a major project, and we are working hard to meet the deadline.
②What we should keep in mind is that all the recyclable materials should (process) into something useful instead of being thrown away.
③Although the (process)food is convenient, many people prefer fresh ingredients because they are more nutritious.
◆完成句子
④Compared with learning one’s own mother tongue, seems to be especially hard and long. (话题写作之语言学习)
与学习自己的母语相比,学习任何一门外语的过程都显得特别艰辛和漫长。
⑤As the project was still , the team members worked day and night, determined to meet the coming deadline.
由于项目仍在进行中,团队成员们日夜工作,决心在即将到来的截止日期前完成任务。
限制性定语从句(3)
【语境感悟】
阅读以下有关“文化遗产”的短文,感知加黑部分,并回答其后的问题。
Cultural heritage is something ①that we get from our ancestors. The old city wall in our town ②which was built seven hundred years ago is a great example. It is a place ③where many historical events happened. The people ④who built it suffered a lot. The carvings on the wall ⑤whose patterns are simple but beautiful show the skills of ancient artists. We visit it in spring ⑥when the flowers around make it more charming. The reason ⑦why we should protect cultural heritage is that it helps us know about our past.
【自主发现】
以上语段中,①、②、③、④、⑤、⑥、⑦均引导 从句,其中that,which,who,whose为关系 ,where,when,why为关系 。
【语法精析】
一、引导限制性定语从句的关系代词
指代对象 指代人 指代物
主语 who,that,as which,that,as
宾语 who,whom,that which,that
定语 whose whose
如:
The man who/that is talking with my father is a teacher.
正和我父亲说话的那个男子是一位教师。
Guilin is a city which/that has a very long history.
桂林是一座有着非常悠久的历史的城市。
The man (who/whom/that) you met just now is my father.
你刚刚遇到的那个人是我父亲。
Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen down.
没有人想要这个屋顶已经坍塌的房子。
[注意] (1)关系代词that既可指人也可指物,有时可与关系代词which/who/whom互换,但是当which,whom放在介词的后面作宾语时,that不能与其互换。
(2)在从句中作宾语或表语时,who与whom一般可互换,但是当紧跟在介词后面作宾语时只可用whom。whom在从句中不能作主语。
(3)关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。
(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词。
(5)whose引导定语从句时,可与“the+n.+of which/whom”互换。
(6)as引导定语从句,可构成“the same…as,such…as”结构。
[温馨提示] 关系词只用that而不用which的情况:
1.当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much等不定代词以及先行词被这些词修饰时。如:
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做了。
2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。如:
This is the largest ship that I have ever seen.
这是我曾经见过的最大的船。
3.当先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。如:
This is the very book that I am looking for.
这正是我要找的那本书。
4.当先行词中既有人又有物时。如:
We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
5.当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时,为避免重复用that。如:
Who is the boy that shook hands with you just now
刚才和你握手的男孩是谁
6.当先行词在从句中作表语时。如:
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海已不再是过去的那个城市了。
二、引导限制性定语从句的关系副词
关系副词 先行词 功能
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
如:We will never forget the days when we stayed at that beautiful countryside.
我们永远不会忘记在那个美丽乡村待着的那些日子。
Can you explain the reason why you don’t help him
你能解释一下你不帮助他的原因吗
This is the factory where (=in which) the explosion happened.
这就是发生爆炸的那家工厂。
[注意] (1)当先行词分别为表示时间、地点或原因的名词,且从句中需要相应的时间、地点或原因作状语时,则用关系副词。
(2)why引导定语从句时,先行词一般为reason。
[温馨提示] 1.“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句:
在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,关系代词只能用which或whom。先行词指物时,用which;先行词指人时,用whom。在这个结构中,介词的使用原则是:
(1)根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯。如:
This is the book
这是我花10元买的那本书。
(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯。如:
The company in which Peter is working is very famous.
彼得就职的那家公司非常有名。
(3)根据从句中形容词的搭配习惯。如:
The student with whom she is strict has made great progress.
她对其要求很严的那位学生取得了很大进步。
(4)表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时,用of。如:
The old woman has two sons, both of whom are doctors.
这位老太太有两个儿子,他们都是医生。
2.抽象的地点名词与定语从句:
像situation, case(情况,实例),point, stage(阶段), activity, position, scene等表示抽象“地点”的名词作先行词时,若定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语,应用关系代词which或that来引导;若定语从句中缺少地点状语,应用关系副词where来引导。如:
Have you met with the case where you are misunderstood by others
你遇到过被人误解的情形吗
Have you met with the case which/that is similar to this one
你遇到过和这种情况相似的情形吗
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.In spring, a season we are learning new rhythms of life, many of us find comfort in the natural world.
2.I still remember the park we met for the first time.
3.At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands artists show their skills.
4.William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from we can learn without repeating them.
5.We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.
6.Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences.
7.In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.
8.The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
9.I decided that if I learned of a company used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an e-mail urging it to cut back.
10.BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool gives an indication of whether someone is at a healthy weight.
●Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文写作] We were asked to draw or paint something .
我们被要求画给我们留下深刻印象的东西。
2.I sincerely invite you to attend the art exhibition, where the paintings by famous artists will be on display.(应用文写作之邀请信)
我诚挚地邀请您参加这次艺术展览,在那里将展出由著名艺术家创作的画作。
3.[2021·全国甲卷书面表达] Word came that our school is going to hold a class meeting .
有消息说我们学校要召开一次班会,主题是关于中国传统习俗的。
4.You must visit the old town . (应用文写作之推荐信)
你一定要去参观那个古镇,在那里许多历史建筑都保存完好。
5.I am writing to complain about the product from your store. The reason is that it has a serious quality problem.(应用文写作之投诉信)
我写信投诉我从贵店购买的产品。我如此不满意的原因是它存在严重的质量问题。
Period Three Discovering Useful Structures
语言精讲
1.①entrances ②to ③at the entrance to the music hall
2.①in ②be processed ③processed ④the process of learning any foreign language ⑤in process
语法归纳
【自主发现】
限制性定语; 代词; 副词
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.when 2.where 3.where 4.which 5.when
6.where 7.whose 8.that 9.that/which 10.that/which
●Ⅱ 1.that impressed us deeply/that left a deep impression on us
2.that/which are created
3.whose topic is related to traditional Chinese customs
4.where many historical buildings are well-preserved
5.(that/which) I bought;why I am so dissatisfiedPeriod Three Discovering Useful Structures
●Ⅰ 用合适的关系词填空(每小题1.5分,满分12分)
1.A study shows the students who take part in after-school activities are happier than those are not.
2.Mr Alexander is the professor for I have the greatest respect.
3.When I first came to the club I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much.
4.I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
5.Do you know the reason the committee should make such a strange decision
6.Because of the financial crisis, days are gone local five-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.
7.Make sure that you send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.
8.Most of these artworks suit both refined and popular tastes are the result of wisdom and diligence of the folk artists.
●Ⅱ 语法与写作(每小题3分,满分15分)
1.I’m writing to invite you to enjoy a hanfu show by our school.(host)
我写信邀请你来欣赏我们学校将要举办的汉服表演。
2.Those donate money to the disaster area are required to arrive before two in the afternoon.
想为灾区捐款的人要在下午两点之前到达。
3.I am grateful to you for everything to improve my English.
我感谢你为了提高我的英语水平而为我所做的一切。
4.I am writing to tell you the reason with you together.
我现在写信告诉你不能和你共度中秋节的原因。
5.The school has created an atmosphere .(develop)
学校已经为我们营造了一种可以自由发展自己的爱好的氛围。
●Ⅲ 阅读理解(每小题2.5分,满分10分)
Nearly 13,000 cultural relics have been unearthed from six pits (坑) of the Sanxingdui Ruins Site, including many objects and statues never seen before, and they help present a more complete view of the culture of the ancient Shu Kingdom.
The digging work mainly aimed at the sacrificial (献祭的) area of the ruins and six newly discovered pits. From 2020 to 2022, a total area of 1,834 square metres was explored in the sacrificial area, which covered a total area of nearly 13,000 square metres.
The significant discoveries include thousands of cultural relics made of different materials such as bronze, gold and jade and unearthed in six new pits, ruins of architecture, time of building the pits and the proof of exchanges between the ancient Shu Kingdom and the Central Plains in the Shang Dynasty.Among the cultural relics newly unearthed, archaeologists found 3,155 comparatively complete relics.
“All cultural relics have significant meanings for archaeological research. If I have to choose one, I want to select the crowned bronze statue with a snake’s body,” said Ran Honglin, director of the Sanxingdui Cultural Relics and Archaeology Research Institute. He noted that the relics prove the diversity of Chinese culture and offer another powerful example of Chinese civilization’s unity in diversity, because the bronze statue’s shape melted cultural factors of different areas in China during ancient times.
Researchers used carbon-14 dating to confirm that nearly 200 samples unearthed in different pits were made from 1131 BC to 1012 BC, so they concluded that in addition to the fifth and sixth pits appearing later, the rest of the pits should have been built in the late Shang Dynasty, dating from 3,000 to 3,200 years ago. The discovery has solved an argument over the age of sacrificial pits found in the past three decades.
“The digging and research work is continuing. There will be more discoveries with further work,” Ran said.
( )1.What is the significance of the newly unearthed relics
A.They are the first complete relics to be unearthed.
B.They are helpful in protecting the Sanxingdui Ruins Site.
C.They prove statues appeared first in the ancient Shu Kingdom.
D.They help better understand the culture of the ancient Shu Kingdom.
( )2.What makes the crowned bronze statue an example of Chinese civilization’s unity in diversity
A.Its origin.
B.Its form.
C.Its material.
D.Its meaning.
( )3.In which aspect did archaeologists disagree about the pits before the exploration
A.The time of building them.
B.The time of finding them.
C.The way of studying them.
D.The order of numbering them.
( )4.What is the purpose of this text
A.To explain the meaning of cultural relics.
B.To remember an archaeologist in Sanxingdui.
C.To introduce the new discoveries in Sanxingdui.
D.To recommend Sanxingdui as a tourist destination.
●Ⅳ 阅读七选五(每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
[2025·江苏常州高级中学高一期末]
In today’s world of digital distractions (分心物), the thought of taking your kids to an art gallery might seem a thankless and impossible challenge. Surely a child won’t have the patience to stare at something for long. 1. .
Being exposed to art, however, holds profound significance for the development of young minds, both intellectually and emotionally. 2. . Each painting, sculpture, or photograph in art galleries tells a story, inviting young viewers to interpret and connect with it on a personal level.
But with many kids being extremely picky eaters, and galleries seeming as unappetizing as yesterday’s porridge, how can we get them to tuck in(狂吃) 3. . I firmly believe art galleries can be great fun if we set out with the intention of making them so.
First, why not let your children enjoy art on their own terms Who said that walking around a gallery had to be slow, stopping to look at every picture 4. . If they want to head straight for a certain display, let them. If something catches their eye on the other side of the room, that’s absolutely fine.
5. . What really matters in a gallery is that children build a connection with art, for whatever reason. To encourage this, you can make it into a game, either with or without a reward, with simple questions like “Who can guess the artist ”. I did this many times with my children and always found it useful to enhance their interest.
A.Let them determine the pace
B.Make the art gallery fit in with your kids
C.Turning art into a game is another trick
D.The answer is to approach them with fresh eyes
E.It is a crying shame that they are least-visited attractions
F.It allows children to have opportunities to engage in diverse perspectives and cultures
G.It’s understandable to think of art galleries as anything but child-friendly places
●Ⅴ 完形填空(每小题1分,满分15分)
“Leave a place better than you found it.” It’s a 1 philosophy (人生哲学), but one that William Lindesay holds dear. On April 22, which was also Earth Day, he led twenty 2 to help clean up the Jiankou section of the Great Wall.
“He who 3 is the owner,” William said in the opening remarks of the clean-up event in 2000. “The Great Wall 4 China, and is also one of the greatest cultural relics in the world. Everyone has a 5 to protect it. Every day should be Earth Day,” he said.
During the past three decades, he has spent most of his time 6 and exploring the Great Wall and has made his own 7 to protect the cultural relic. “It’s a 8 thing that people are going out to enjoy themselves and to 9 the great history and heritage, but it’s also quite dangerous if they don’t 10 how fragile the historic sites are and how fragile the 11 is,” William said.
In 1991, his first 12 Alone on the Great Wall was published, and he has published another five books about the Great Wall since then. In 2001, he 13 the International Friends of the Great Wall, an organization whose aim is to protect this 14 to the past.
His next step is to 15 exhibitions about the Great Wall as a monument over the last 400 years. The exhibitions are expected to be held in Beijing, London, Paris and Washington D.C.
( )1.A.simple B.formal
C.classic D.major
( )2.A.experts B.writers
C.owners D.volunteers
( )3.A.climbs B.knows
C.cares D.forgives
( )4.A.makes up B.differs from
C.belongs to D.depends on
( )5.A.duty B.choice
C.proposal D.try
( )6.A.walking B.building
C.designing D.investigating
( )7.A.efforts B.characters
C.agreements D.factors
( )8.A.special B.creative
C.good D.curious
( )9.A.contrast B.spread
C.affect D.discover
( )10.A.recommend B.explain
C.realize D.admit
( )11.A.condition B.environment
C.situation D.equipment
( )12.A.magazine B.paper
C.article D.book
( )13.A.established B.inspired
C.introduced D.unified
( )14.A.contribution B.image
C.link D.tradition
( )15.A.organize B.preserve
C.document D.identify
Period Three Discovering Useful Structures
Ⅰ.1.who 2.whom 3.where 4.whose 5.why
6.when 7.that 8.which/that
Ⅱ.1.which/that will be hosted 2.who want to 3.(that) you did for me 4.why I can’t spend the Mid-Autumn Festival 5.where/in which we can develop our own interests freely
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。三星堆遗址的6个祭祀坑中新出土了近13 000件文物,其中包括许多以前从未见过的物品和雕像。这些文物有助于更完整地展示古蜀文明。
1.D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“…they help present a more complete view of the culture of the ancient Shu Kingdom.”可知,这些文物有助于人们更好地了解古蜀文明。故选D项。
2.B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“He noted that the relics prove the diversity of Chinese culture and offer another powerful example of Chinese civilization’s unity in diversity, because the bronze statue’s shape melted cultural factors of different areas in China during ancient times.”可知,那尊铜像的形状使它成为中华文明多元统一的典范。故选B项。
3.A 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The discovery has solved an argument over the age of sacrificial pits found in the past three decades.”可知,在勘探之前,考古学家对这些坑的建造时间存在分歧。故选A项。
4.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Nearly 13,000 cultural relics have been unearthed from six pits(坑) of the Sanxingdui Ruins Site, including many objects and statues never seen before, and they help present a more complete view of the culture of the ancient Shu Kingdom.”可知,三星堆遗址的六个坑中出土了近13 000件文物,其中包括许多以前从未见过的物品和雕像,它们有助于更完整地展示古蜀文明。由此可推知,本文的目的是介绍三星堆遗址的新发现。故选C项。
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,着重阐述了带孩子参观美术馆的诸多益处。在孩子成长过程中,参观美术馆对其智力与情感发展大有益处。让孩子在美术馆中自主探索能充分激发他们的好奇心,而将艺术欣赏巧妙地融入趣味游戏,更能极大地增强孩子对艺术的兴趣。
1.G 上文“In today’s world of digital distractions(分心物), the thought of taking your kids to an art gallery might seem a thankless and impossible challenge.”说明带孩子去美术馆看画似乎是不可能完成的挑战。G项中的anything but child-friendly places与上文impossible challenge相呼应,G项“把美术馆想象成一个不适合儿童的地方是可以理解的”符合语境。故选G项。
2.F 上文“Being exposed to art, however, holds profound significance for the development of young minds, both intellectually and emotionally.”表明接触艺术对孩子有好处。F项中的engage in diverse perspectives and cultures与上文profound significance相呼应,是好处的具体表现形式,且代词it指代上文中的being exposed to art,F项“它使儿童有机会接触不同的观点和文化”符合语境。故选F项。
3.D 上文“But with many kids being extremely picky eaters, and galleries seeming as unappetizing as yesterday’s porridge, how can we get them to tuck in(狂吃) ”提出问题:如何提高孩子对美术馆的兴趣 D项中的answer与上文问句相呼应,回答上句提出的问题,D项“答案是以全新的眼光接近它们”符合语境。故选D项。
4.A 上文“Who said that walking around a gallery had to be slow, stopping to look at every picture ”说明逛美术馆不一定要慢慢走,每一幅画都停下来看。A项中的pace与上文slow相呼应,A项“让他们决定节奏”符合语境。故选A项。
5.C 下文“To encourage this, you can make it into a game, either with or without a reward, with simple questions like ‘Who can guess the artist ’.”说明可以把参观美术馆的过程变成一个游戏。C项中的game与下文game一致,another trick与第四段中的first形成并列关系,C项“把艺术变成游戏是另一个技巧”符合语境。故选C项。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了威廉·林赛为保护长城所做的努力,呼吁我们保护环境和历史遗迹。
1.A 根据句中的but和dear可知,but前后为转折关系,虽然这是一个简单的人生哲学,但威廉·林赛非常珍视,空格处应用simple,意为“简单的”,和dear形成对比。故选A。
2.D 根据句中的Earth Day和“…help clean up the Jiankou section of the Great Wall.”可知,在地球日这一天,帮助完成清理工作的应该是志愿者。故选D。
3.C 根据下文“The Great Wall…China, and is also one of the greatest…in the world.”可知,威廉认为长城不仅属于中国,也是世界上最伟大的文化遗址之一,每个人都应该保护长城,谁在意长城谁就是主人。故选C。
4.C 根据句中the Great Wall和China之间的关系可知,长城属于中国,belong to意为“属于”,符合语境。故选C。
5.A 根据上文“…and is also one of the greatest cultural relics in the world.”可知,长城也是世界上最伟大的文化遗址之一,由此可知,每个人都有责任保护它。故选A项。
6.A 根据下文“…and exploring the Great Wall and has made his own…to protect the cultural relic.”和Alone on the Great Wall可知,他把大部分时间花在了徒步和探索长城上。故选A。
7.A 根据上文“During the past three decades, he has spent most of his time…and exploring the Great Wall…”可知,他大部分时间都在徒步和探索长城,由此可知,他在努力保护文化遗址,make efforts to do sth意为“努力做某事”。故选A。
8.C 根据句中“…people are going out to enjoy themselves and to…the great history and heritage…”可知,“人们走出去玩得愉快以及了解伟大的历史和遗产”应该是一件好事,good与下文的dangerous形成对比。故选C。
9.D 根据空格后great history and heritage可知,人们出去旅游时,可以了解伟大的历史和遗产。故选D。
10.C 根据后文“…how fragile the historic sites are…”可知,此处指意识到历史遗迹是多么脆弱,故选C。
11.B 根据上文“Every day should be Earth Day…”可知,威廉认为每一天都应该是地球日,由此可知,他很关注环境问题,希望人们意识到环境是多么脆弱。故选B。
12.D 根据句中another five books可知,此后他又出版了五本书,由此可知,《独步长城》是他的第一本书。故选D。
13.A 根据句中International Friends of the Great Wall以及下文his next step可知,他创建了国际长城之友组织。故选A。
14.C 根据下文to the past可知,长城是连接现在与过去的纽带。故选C。
15.A 根据后文exhibitions about the Great Wall可知,此处指组织关于长城的展览。故选A。(共75张PPT)
Period Three
Discovering Useful Structures
语言精讲
语法归纳
练习册
答案速查【导】
答案速查【练】
1.entrance n.入口;进入
(教材P6)We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to
the Great Pyramid. 我们在大金字塔的入口处遇见了一位专业的考
古学家。
(1)the entrance to ……的入口/大门
gain entrance to 获得进入……的许可
an entrance fee 入场费
an entrance examination 入学考试
(2)enter v. 进入
［温馨提示］“the+名词+to”结构: the answer to ……的答案;the
key to……的关键;the way/solution to……的方法。
【佳句背诵】
Visitors can see many of these historic objects at the visitor
centre at the entrance to Jamestown.
游客可以在詹姆斯敦入口处的游客中心看到许多这样的历史文物。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①［2021·全国乙卷］Rome's Colosseum was 157 feet tall and
had 80 __________ (enter), seating 50,000 people.
②The entrance ____ the university requires students to pass a
series of challenging exams.
entrances
to
◆完成句子
③If you are free, I'll meet you ______________________________
___ at 7:00 that evening. (应用文写作之告知信)
如果你有空,我将于那天晚上7点在音乐厅门口和你会合。
at the entrance to the music
hall
2.process n.过程; 进程; 步骤 vt. 处理; 加工
(教材P6)He explained to us the process of building such a
difficult structure.他向我们解释了建造如此难做的结构的过程。
(1)in process (=in progress) (某事)在进行中
in the process of (doing) sth 在(做)某事的过程中
(2)process…into… 把……加工成……
(3)processed adj. (食品)经过加工的;处理过的
【佳句背诵】
The process of learning a new language is not always easy, but
every small step of progress brings a sense of accomplishment.
学习一门新语言的过程并不总是轻松的，但每一小步的进步都能带
来成就感。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Our team is ___ the process of completing a major project,
and we are working hard to meet the deadline.
in
②What we should keep in mind is that all the recyclable
materials should ______________ (process) into something useful
instead of being thrown away.
be processed
③Although the __________ (process)food is convenient, many
people prefer fresh ingredients because they are more nutritious.
processed
◆完成句子
④Compared with learning one's own mother tongue,
___________________________________________ seems to be
especially hard and long. (话题写作之语言学习)
与学习自己的母语相比,学习任何一门外语的过程都显得特别艰辛和
漫长。
the process of learning any foreign language
⑤As the project was still ___________, the team members
worked day and night, determined to meet the coming deadline.
由于项目仍在进行中，团队成员们日夜工作，决心在即将到来的截
止日期前完成任务。
in process
限制性定语从句(3)
【语境感悟】
阅读以下有关“文化遗产”的短文，感知加黑部分，并回答其后的问题。
Cultural heritage is something ①that we get from our
ancestors. The old city wall in our town ②which was built
seven hundred years ago is a great example. It is a place ③
where many historical events happened. The people ④who
built it suffered a lot. The carvings on the wall ⑤whose
patterns are simple but beautiful show the skills of ancient
artists. We visit it in spring ⑥when the flowers around make
it more charming. The reason ⑦why we should protect
cultural heritage is that it helps us know about our past.
【自主发现】
以上语段中，①、②、③、④、⑤、⑥、⑦均引导____________从
句，其中that，which，who，whose为关系______，where，when，
why为关系______。
限制性定语
代词
副词
【语法精析】
一、引导限制性定语从句的关系代词
指代对象 指代人 指代物
主语 who,that,as which,that,as
宾语 who,whom,that which,that
定语 whose whose
如:
The man who/that is talking with my father is a teacher.
正和我父亲说话的那个男子是一位教师。
Guilin is a city which/that has a very long history.
桂林是一座有着非常悠久的历史的城市。
The man (who/whom/that) you met just now is my father.
你刚刚遇到的那个人是我父亲。
Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen down.
没有人想要这个屋顶已经坍塌的房子。
［注意］(1)关系代词that既可指人也可指物,有时可与关系代词
which/who/whom互换,但是当which,whom放在介词的后面作宾语
时,that不能与其互换。
(2)在从句中作宾语或表语时,who与whom一般可互换,但是当紧跟在
介词后面作宾语时只可用whom。whom在从句中不能作主语。
(3)关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。
(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词。
(5)whose引导定语从句时,可与“the+n.+of which/whom”互换。
(6)as引导定语从句,可构成“the same…as,such…as”结构。
［温馨提示］关系词只用that而不用which的情况:
1.当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much等不定代词以
及先行词被这些词修饰时。如:
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做了。
2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。如:
This is the largest ship that I have ever seen.
这是我曾经见过的最大的船。
3.当先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。如:
This is the very book that I am looking for.
这正是我要找的那本书。
4.当先行词中既有人又有物时。如:
We often talk about the persons and things that we
remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
5.当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时,为避免重复用that。如:
Who is the boy that shook hands with you just now
刚才和你握手的男孩是谁
6.当先行词在从句中作表语时。如:
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海已不再是过去的那个城市了。
二、引导限制性定语从句的关系副词
关系副词 先行词 功能
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
如:We will never forget the days when we stayed at that
beautiful countryside.
我们永远不会忘记在那个美丽乡村待着的那些日子。
Can you explain the reason why you don't help him
你能解释一下你不帮助他的原因吗
This is the factory where (=in which) the explosion happened.
这就是发生爆炸的那家工厂。
［注意］(1)当先行词分别为表示时间、地点或原因的名词,且从句中
需要相应的时间、地点或原因作状语时,则用关系副词。
(2)why引导定语从句时,先行词一般为reason。
［温馨提示］1.“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句:
在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,关系代词只能用which或whom。
先行词指物时,用which;先行词指人时,用whom。在这个结构中,介词
的使用原则是:
(1)根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯。如:
This is the book
on which I spent 10 yuan.
for which I paid 10 yuan.
这是我花10元买的那本书。
(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯。如:
The company in which Peter is working is very famous.
彼得就职的那家公司非常有名。
(3)根据从句中形容词的搭配习惯。如:
The student with whom she is strict has made great progress.
她对其要求很严的那位学生取得了很大进步。
(4)表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时,用of。如:
The old woman has two sons, both of whom are doctors.
这位老太太有两个儿子,他们都是医生。
2.抽象的地点名词与定语从句:
像situation, case(情况,实例),point, stage(阶段), activity, position,
scene等表示抽象“地点”的名词作先行词时,若定语从句中缺少主语、
宾语或表语,应用关系代词which或that来引导;若定语从句中缺少地点
状语,应用关系副词where来引导。如:
Have you met with the case where you are misunderstood by
others
你遇到过被人误解的情形吗
Have you met with the case which/that is similar to this one
你遇到过和这种情况相似的情形吗
【实战演练】
Ⅰ单句填空
1.In spring, a season ______ we are learning new rhythms of
life, many of us find comfort in the natural world.
2.I still remember the park_______we met for the first time.
3.At the Chinese art festival, there are different
stands_______artists show their skills.
4.William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past
mistakes from_______we can learn without repeating them.
when
where
where
which
5.We have entered into an age ______ dreams have the best
chance of coming true.
6.Their child is at the stage_______she can say individual words
but not full sentences.
7.In ancient China lived an artist_______paintings were almost
lifelike.
when
where
whose
8.The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all
the species _____ live within the Giant Panda Range and
significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
that
9.I decided that if I learned of a company ___________ used a
lot of plastic, I'd send it an e-mail urging it to cut back.
that/which
10.BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool
___________ gives an indication of whether someone is at a
healthy weight.
that/which
Ⅱ语法与写作
1.［2024·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文写作］We were asked to draw or pai
nt something ______________________________________________
________________.
我们被要求画给我们留下深刻印象的东西。
that impressed us deeply/that left a deep
impression on us
2.I sincerely invite you to attend the art exhibition, where the
paintings ______________________ by famous artists will be on
display.(应用文写作之邀请信)
我诚挚地邀请您参加这次艺术展览，在那里将展出由著名艺术家创
作的画作。
that/which are created
3.［2021·全国甲卷书面表达］Word came that our school is
going to hold a class meeting ______________________________
_________________________.
有消息说我们学校要召开一次班会,主题是关于中国传统习俗的。
whose topic is related to
traditional Chinese customs
4.You must visit the old town _______________________________
_________________. (应用文写作之推荐信)
你一定要去参观那个古镇，在那里许多历史建筑都保存完好。
where many historical buildings
are well-preserved
5.I am writing to complain about the product ________________
_______ from your store. The reason ________________________
is that it has a serious quality problem.(应用文写作之投诉信)
我写信投诉我从贵店购买的产品。我如此不满意的原因是它存在严
重的质量问题。
(that/which) I
bought
why I am so dissatisfied
练 习 册
Ⅰ用合适的关系词填空(每小题1.5分，满分12分)
1.A study shows the students who take part in after-school
activities are happier than those _____ are not.
who
2.Mr Alexander is the professor for _______I have the greatest
respect.
whom
3.When I first came to the club _______ I met many strangers, I
missed my parents very much.
where
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4.I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _______ name
will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our
mind.
whose
5.Do you know the reason _____ the committee should make
such a strange decision
why
6.Because of the financial crisis, days are gone ______local five-
star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.
when
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
7.Make sure that you send us all the information _____you
have about the candidate for the position.
8.Most of these artworks ___________ suit both refined and
popular tastes are the result of wisdom and diligence of the
folk artists.
that
which/that
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ⅱ语法与写作(每小题3分，满分15分)
1.I'm writing to invite you to enjoy a hanfu show _____________
_____________ by our school.(host)
我写信邀请你来欣赏我们学校将要举办的汉服表演。
which/that
will be hosted
2.Those _____________ donate money to the disaster area are
required to arrive before two in the afternoon.
想为灾区捐款的人要在下午两点之前到达。
who want to
3.I am grateful to you for everything _____________________ to
improve my English.
我感谢你为了提高我的英语水平而为我所做的一切。
(that) you did for me
1
2
3
4
5
4.I am writing to tell you the reason ________________________
___________________ with you together.
我现在写信告诉你不能和你共度中秋节的原因。
why I can't spend the
Mid-Autumn Festival
5.The school has created an atmosphere _____________________
__________________________________.(develop)
学校已经为我们营造了一种可以自由发展自己的爱好的氛围。
where/in which we
can develop our own interests freely
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅲ阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分10分)
Nearly 13,000 cultural relics have been unearthed from six
pits (坑) of the Sanxingdui Ruins Site, including many objects
and statues never seen before, and they help present a more
complete view of the culture of the ancient Shu Kingdom.
The digging work mainly aimed at the sacrificial (献祭的)
area of the ruins and six newly discovered pits. From 2020 to
2022, a total area of 1,834 square metres was explored in the
1
2
3
4
sacrificial area, which covered a total area of nearly 13,000
square metres.
The significant discoveries include thousands of cultural
relics made of different materials such as bronze, gold and jade
and unearthed in six new pits, ruins of architecture, time of
building the pits and the proof of exchanges between the
ancient Shu Kingdom and the Central Plains in the Shang
Dynasty. Among the cultural relics newly unearthed,
archaeologists found 3,155 comparatively complete relics.
1
2
3
4
“All cultural relics have significant meanings for
archaeological research. If I have to choose one, I want to
select the crowned bronze statue with a snake's body,” said Ran
Honglin, director of the Sanxingdui Cultural Relics and
Archaeology Research Institute. He noted that the relics prove
the diversity of Chinese culture and offer another powerful
example of Chinese civilization's unity in diversity, because the
bronze statue's shape melted cultural factors of different areas
in China during ancient times.
1
2
3
4
Researchers used carbon-14 dating to confirm that nearly
200 samples unearthed in different pits were made from 1131
BC to 1012 BC, so they concluded that in addition to the fifth
and sixth pits appearing later, the rest of the pits should have
been built in the late Shang Dynasty, dating from 3,000 to
3,200 years ago. The discovery has solved an argument over the
age of sacrificial pits found in the past three decades.
“The digging and research work is continuing. There will be
more discoveries with further work,” Ran said.
1
2
3
4
【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。三星堆遗址的6个祭祀坑中新
出土了近13 000件文物,其中包括许多以前从未见过的物品和雕像。
这些文物有助于更完整地展示古蜀文明。
1
2
3
4
( )1.What is the significance of the newly unearthed relics
A.They are the first complete relics to be unearthed.
B.They are helpful in protecting the Sanxingdui Ruins Site.
C.They prove statues appeared first in the ancient Shu Kingdom.
D.They help better understand the culture of the ancient Shu
Kingdom.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“…they help present a more
complete view of the culture of the ancient Shu Kingdom.”可知,
这些文物有助于人们更好地了解古蜀文明。故选D项。
√
1
2
3
4
( )2.What makes the crowned bronze statue an example of
Chinese civilization's unity in diversity
A.Its origin. B.Its form. C.Its material. D.Its meaning.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“He noted that the relics
prove the diversity of Chinese culture and offer another
powerful example of Chinese civilization's unity in diversity,
because the bronze statue's shape melted cultural factors of
different areas in China during ancient times.”可知,那尊铜像的形
状使它成为中华文明多元统一的典范。故选B项。
√
1
2
3
4
( )3.In which aspect did archaeologists disagree about the
pits before the exploration
A.The time of building them.
B.The time of finding them.
C.The way of studying them.
D.The order of numbering them.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The discovery has solved an
argument over the age of sacrificial pits found in the past three
decades.”可知,在勘探之前,考古学家对这些坑的建造时间存在分歧。
故选A项。
√
1
2
3
4
( )4.What is the purpose of this text
A.To explain the meaning of cultural relics.
B.To remember an archaeologist in Sanxingdui.
C.To introduce the new discoveries in Sanxingdui.
D.To recommend Sanxingdui as a tourist destination.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Nearly 13,000 cultural relics
have been unearthed from six pits(坑) of the Sanxingdui Ruins
Site, including many objects and statues never seen before, and
they help present a more complete view of the culture of the
ancient Shu Kingdom.”可知,三星堆遗址的六个坑中出土了近13 000
件文物,其中包括许多以前从未见过的物品和雕像,它们有助于更完整
地展示古蜀文明。由此可推知,本文的目的是介绍三星堆遗址的新发
现。故选C项。
1
2
3
4
Ⅳ阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
［2025·江苏常州高级中学高一期末］
In today's world of digital distractions (分心物), the thought
of taking your kids to an art gallery might seem a thankless
and impossible challenge. Surely a child won't have the patience
to stare at something for long. 1.___.
Being exposed to art, however, holds profound significance
for the development of young minds, both intellectually and
emotionally. 2.___. Each painting, sculpture, or photograph in art
G
F
1
2
3
4
5
galleries tells a story, inviting young viewers to interpret and
connect with it on a personal level.
But with many kids being extremely picky eaters, and
galleries seeming as unappetizing as yesterday's porridge, how
can we get them to tuck in(狂吃) 3.___. I firmly believe art
galleries can be great fun if we set out with the intention of
making them so.
First, why not let your children enjoy art on their own
terms Who said that walking around a gallery had to be slow,
D
1
2
3
4
5
stopping to look at every picture 4.___. If they want to head
straight for a certain display, let them. If something catches their
eye on the other side of the room, that's absolutely fine.
A
1
2
3
4
5
5.___. What really matters in a gallery is that children build
a connection with art, for whatever reason. To encourage this,
you can make it into a game, either with or without a reward,
with simple questions like “Who can guess the artist ”. I did this
many times with my children and always found it useful to
enhance their interest.
A.Let them determine the pace
B.Make the art gallery fit in with your kids
C.Turning art into a game is another trick
D.The answer is to approach them with fresh eyes
C
1
2
3
4
5
E.It is a crying shame that they are least-visited attractions
F.It allows children to have opportunities to engage in diverse
perspectives and cultures
G.It's understandable to think of art galleries as anything but
child-friendly places
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，着重阐述了带孩子参观美术馆的诸
多益处。在孩子成长过程中，参观美术馆对其智力与情感发展大有益
处。让孩子在美术馆中自主探索能充分激发他们的好奇心，而将艺术
欣赏巧妙地融入趣味游戏，更能极大地增强孩子对艺术的兴趣。
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G
[解析] 上文“In today's world of digital distractions(分心物), the
thought of taking your kids to an art gallery might seem a
thankless and impossible challenge.”说明带孩子去美术馆看画似乎
是不可能完成的挑战。G项中的anything but child-friendly places与
上文impossible challenge相呼应，G项“把美术馆想象成一个不适合
儿童的地方是可以理解的”符合语境。故选G项。
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F
[解析] 上文“Being exposed to art, however, holds profound
significance for the development of young minds, both
intellectually and emotionally.”表明接触艺术对孩子有好处。F项中
的engage in diverse perspectives and cultures与上文profound
significance相呼应，是好处的具体表现形式，且代词it指代上文中的
being exposed to art，F项“它使儿童有机会接触不同的观点和文化”
符合语境。故选F项。
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D
[解析] 上文“But with many kids being extremely picky eaters,
and galleries seeming as unappetizing as yesterday's porridge,
how can we get them to tuck in(狂吃) ”提出问题：如何提高孩子
对美术馆的兴趣？D项中的answer与上文问句相呼应，回答上句提出
的问题，D项“答案是以全新的眼光接近它们”符合语境。故选D项。
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A
[解析] 上文“Who said that walking around a gallery had to be
slow, stopping to look at every picture ”说明逛美术馆不一定要慢
慢走，每一幅画都停下来看。A项中的pace与上文slow相呼应，A项
“让他们决定节奏”符合语境。故选A项。
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C
[解析] 下文“To encourage this, you can make it into a game,
either with or without a reward, with simple questions like ‘Who
can guess the artist ’.”说明可以把参观美术馆的过程变成一个游戏。
C项中的game与下文game一致，another trick与第四段中的first形成
并列关系，C项“把艺术变成游戏是另一个技巧”符合语境。故选C项。
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Ⅴ完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
“Leave a place better than you found it.” It's a . .1. .
philosophy (人生哲学), but one that William Lindesay holds dear.
On April 22, which was also Earth Day, he led twenty . .2. . to
help clean up the Jiankou section of the Great Wall.
“He who . .3. . is the owner,” William said in the opening
remarks of the clean-up event in 2000. “The Great Wall . .4. .
China, and is also one of the greatest cultural relics in the
world. Everyone has a . .5. . to protect it. Every day should be
Earth Day,” he said.
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During the past three decades, he has spent most of his
time . .6. . and exploring the Great Wall and has made his
own . .7. . to protect the cultural relic. “It's a . .8. . thing that
people are going out to enjoy themselves and to . .9. . the great
history and heritage, but it's also quite dangerous if they
don't . .10. . how fragile the historic sites are and how fragile
the . .11. . is,” William said.
In 1991, his first . .12. . Alone on the Great Wall was
published, and he has published another five books about the
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Great Wall since then. In 2001, he . .13. . the International Friends
of the Great Wall, an organization whose aim is to protect
this . .14. . to the past.
His next step is to . .15. . exhibitions about the Great Wall as
a monument over the last 400 years. The exhibitions are
expected to be held in Beijing, London, Paris and Washington
D.C.
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【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了威廉·林赛为保护
长城所做的努力,呼吁我们保护环境和历史遗迹。
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( )1.A.simple B.formal C.classic D.major
[解析] 根据句中的but和dear可知,but前后为转折关系,虽然这是一个
简单的人生哲学,但威廉·林赛非常珍视,空格处应用simple,意为“简单
的”,和dear形成对比。故选A。
( )2.A.experts B.writers C.owners D.volunteers
[解析] 根据句中的Earth Day和“…help clean up the Jiankou
section of the Great Wall.”可知,在地球日这一天,帮助完成清理工作
的应该是志愿者。故选D。
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( )3.A.climbs B.knows C.cares D.forgives
[解析] 根据下文“The Great Wall…China, and is also one of the
greatest…in the world.”可知,威廉认为长城不仅属于中国,也是世界
上最伟大的文化遗址之一,每个人都应该保护长城,谁在意长城谁就是
主人。故选C。
( )4.A.makes up B.differs from
C.belongs to D.depends on
[解析] 根据句中the Great Wall和China之间的关系可知,长城属于中
国,belong to意为“属于”,符合语境。故选C。
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( )5.A.duty B.choice C.proposal D.try
[解析] 根据上文“…and is also one of the greatest cultural relics
in the world.”可知,长城也是世界上最伟大的文化遗址之一,由此可知,
每个人都有责任保护它。故选A项。
( )6.A.walking B.building
C.designing D.investigating
[解析] 根据下文“…and exploring the Great Wall and has made
his own…to protect the cultural relic.”和Alone on the Great Wall
可知,他把大部分时间花在了徒步和探索长城上。故选A。
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( )7.A.efforts B.characters C.agreements D.factors
[解析] 根据上文“During the past three decades, he has spent
most of his time…and exploring the Great Wall…”可知,他大部分
时间都在徒步和探索长城,由此可知,他在努力保护文化遗址,make
efforts to do sth意为“努力做某事”。故选A。
( )8.A.special B.creative C.good D.curious
[解析] 根据句中“…people are going out to enjoy themselves
and to…the great history and heritage…”可知,“人们走出去玩得愉
快以及了解伟大的历史和遗产”应该是一件好事,good与下文的
dangerous形成对比。故选C。
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( )9.A.contrast B.spread C.affect D.discover
[解析] 根据空格后great history and heritage可知,人们出去旅游时,
可以了解伟大的历史和遗产。故选D。
( )10.A.recommend B.explain C.realize D.admit
[解析] 根据后文“…how fragile the historic sites are…”可知,此处指
意识到历史遗迹是多么脆弱,故选C。
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( )11.A.condition B.environment
C.situation D.equipment
[解析] 根据上文“Every day should be Earth Day…”可知,威廉认为
每一天都应该是地球日,由此可知,他很关注环境问题,希望人们意识到
环境是多么脆弱。故选B。
( )12.A.magazine B.paper C.article D.book
[解析] 根据句中another five books可知,此后他又出版了五本书,由
此可知,《独步长城》是他的第一本书。故选D。
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( )13.A.established B.inspired C.introduced D.unified
[解析] 根据句中International Friends of the Great Wall以及下文
his next step可知,他创建了国际长城之友组织。故选A。
( )14.A.contribution B.image C.link D.tradition
[解析] 根据下文to the past可知,长城是连接现在与过去的纽带。故
选C。
( )15.A.organize B.preserve C.document D.identify
[解析] 根据后文exhibitions about the Great Wall可知,此处指组织
关于长城的展览。故选A。
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快速核答案
Unit 1 CULTURAL HERITAGE
Period Three Discovering Useful Structures
导学案
语言精讲
1. ①entrances ②to ③at the entrance to the music hall
2.①in ②be processed ③processed ④the process of learning
any foreign language ⑤in process
语法归纳
【自主发现】
限制性定语；代词；副词
【实战演练】
Ⅰ1.when 2.where 3.where 4.which 5.when 6.where 7.who
se 8.that 9.that/which 10.that/which
Ⅱ1.that impressed us deeply/that left a deep impression on us
2.that/which are created
3.whose topic is related to traditional Chinese customs
4.where many historical buildings are well-preserved
5.（that/which） I bought;why I am so dissatisfied
练习册
Ⅰ1.who 2.whom 3.where 4.whose 5.why 6.when
7.that 8.which/that
Ⅱ1.which/that will be hosted 2.who want to 3.（that） you
did for me 4.why I can't spend the Mid-Autumn Festival
5.where/in which we can develop our own interests freely
Ⅲ 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C
Ⅳ 1.G 2.F 3.D 4.A 5.C
Ⅴ
1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.C 9.D 10.C 11.B
12.D 13.A 14.C 15.A
