Period Three Discovering Useful Structures
语言精讲
1.①capability ②to break ③incapable ④that our team is capable of winning the championship; that our team has the capability to win the championship
2.①of ②in/with ③Relieved ④To relieve us of pressure/To relieve our pressure ⑤gasping with relief/breathing a sigh of relief
3.①of ②for ③cured ④who patiently helped to cure me of my bad learning habits ⑤curing people of diseases
4.①absorbed ②absorbing ③Absorbed ④find me absorbed in reading those stories ⑤was absorbed in/absorbed myself in that project
5.①to help ②aiming ③aimlessly ④is aimed at arousing the students’ interest in ⑤with the aim of; (which is) aimed at; aiming to
语法归纳
【自主发现】
状语;表语
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.Completed 2.celebrated 3.used 4.amazed
5.impressed 6.embarrassed 7.promoted 8.interested 9.Founded 10.Faced
●Ⅱ 1.Touched by your kindness and generosity
2.Disappointed with the poor quality of the product
3.Convinced of her leadership skills and teamwork spirit
4.followed by a meeting
5.feeling frustratedPeriod Three Discovering Useful Structures
Ⅰ.1.Absorbed 2.founded 3.Driven 4.spoken
5.disappointing; disappointed 6.combined 7.seated
8.asked 9.left 10.examined
Ⅱ.1.If given more time 2.Moved/Touched by
3.Disappointed at 4.Once published 5.Although/Though laughed at by many people
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们通过研究蜘蛛网的振动来创作音乐,并希望通过这种方式更好地了解蜘蛛网的结构以及蜘蛛的振动语言。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中“MIT shared an excerpt of the music on YouTube. In it, you can hear just how creepy the melody sounds.”可知,观众们觉得在网上发布的旋律令人害怕。故选A项。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Spiders use vibrations as a way to connect with the environment and with other spiders…”可知,蜘蛛网振动的作用是与环境交流。故选C项。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第六段中“Professor Buehler and his team of researchers created 3D models of spiderwebs when the spiders were doing different things such as construction, repair, hunting and feeding.”可知,研究人员通过建立虚拟模型来研究蜘蛛网。故选C项。
4.D 段落大意题。根据最后一段中“The living structure of a spiderweb could lead to innovations in construction and repair, Professor Buehler said.”可知,最后一段主要讲的是研究蜘蛛网结构的意义。故选D项。
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言和音乐的相似之处。
1.D 上文“Language is part of our daily lives, no matter where we live in the world.”提到了语言,下文“Both language and music play a huge role in our culture and here are some of their similarities.”提到了语言和音乐都重要,D选项“同样,音乐也是许多人生活的一部分。”承上启下,符合语境。故选D。
2.E 上文“Both language and music have their own systems of notation. Language uses alphabets to represent sounds and create meaning.”提到了语言的符号系统,空格处承接上文,应该说明音乐对应的符号系统,E选项“同样,音乐用音符来表示音高和节奏。”符合语境。故选E。
3.B 空格处为段落小标题。根据下文“Listening to the language someone speaks can provide valuable clues about their geographical origin. In the same way, we know that styles of music are different around the world, giving us the opportunity to explore many different cultures through their music and providing us with music for every situation.”可知,本段描述的话题和文化相关,B选项“两者都因文化而异。”符合语境。故选B。
4.C 根据本段小标题“Both share emotion.”可知,本段和情感有关,选项C中annoyed是关键词,呼应本段小标题,C选项“你怎么知道我生气了 ”提出问题,且下文“While you may be able to perceive it through my facial expressions, you can judge it with certainty through my words.”是对此问题的回答。故选C。
5.G 上文“When you feel happy, you might want to sing and dance to a happy song to celebrate your happiness.”提到了快乐的时候想听快乐的歌曲,G选项中in contrast是关键词,与上文形成对比,G选项“相反,当你情绪低落的时候,你可能也会听悲伤的音乐。”与快乐时的情况形成对比,符合语境。故选G。
Ⅴ. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了患病的汤姆通过音乐比赛鼓舞他人,并筹集善款的故事。
1.B 根据后文的“…that he didn’t feel well in his brain.”可知,汤姆“发现”自己大脑不舒服。故选B。hope希望;find发现;agree同意;regret后悔。
2.C 根据前文“Although doctors tried every means, they couldn’t identify the…”和后文的the disease可知,医生无法确定的是疾病的原因。故选C。fear恐惧; image形象; cause原因; cost费用。
3.A 根据前文的“The disease troubled Tom a lot in his daily life.”和后文in walking on his own可知,疾病给汤姆的日常生活带来了很多困扰,他有时难以自己行走。故选A。difficulty困难;pleasure快乐;confidence信心;boredom无聊。
4.C 根据后文的to walk again可知,这里指的是重新获得行走的能力。故选C。habit习惯;interest兴趣;ability能力;knowledge知识。
5.D 根据前文“He turned his difficult…”和后文的“…into a way to help others.”可知,这里指的是汤姆把自己的艰难经历变成了一种帮助他人的方式。故选D。choice选择;task任务;project项目;experience经历。
6.C 根据后文的for the national music competition可知,这里指的是汤姆报名参加全国音乐比赛。故选C。look around环顾四周; hold on继续; sign up报名参加;come over过来。
7.A 根据前文的Tom’s beautiful voice和后文的“…the hearts of millions of people watching in the country.”可知,汤姆美妙的声音触动了全国数百万观众的心。故选A。touch触动;lose失去; contact联系;confuse使困惑。
8.B 根据后文的“…fought with his disease…”可知,这里指的是汤姆勇敢地与疾病抗争。故选B。gently温柔地;bravely勇敢地;secretly秘密地; repeatedly重复地。
9.C 根据前文的“…Tom talked about how he…fought with his disease, which encouraged other kids…”和后文the same condition可知,这里指的是汤姆的故事鼓舞了其他患病并与之抗争的孩子,故选C。turn to转向; make out辨认出;struggle with与……抗争;prepare for为……做准备。
10.D 根据后文的medical researches可知,这里指的是筹集资金来支持医学研究。故选D。explain解释;accept接受; change改变; support支持。
11.D 根据前文的“It was a challenge for them.”和后文的out of their expectation可知,前后句之间为转折关系,应用however。故选D。moreover而且;also也;therefore因此;however然而。
12.A 根据后文的“…by how generous the public was.”可知,这里指的是被公众的慷慨所打动。故选A。impress打动,使留下印象;annoy使恼怒;scare吓唬;attract吸引。
13.B 根据前文的“Tom and his family also started the Dream Project, in which they sang songs to raise funds to…medical researches.”和后文的“More and more children have got help from the project.”可知,汤姆和他的家人还启动了“梦想计划”,他们通过唱歌筹集资金来支持医学研究,这里指的是他们将继续对孩子们的生活产生积极的影响。故选B。creative有创造力的;positive积极的;narrow狭窄的;immediate立即的。
14.B 根据前文的“Today, Tom’s journey is still…”和后文的“More and more children have got help from the project.”可知,汤姆的旅程仍在进行中,从而使得越来越多的孩子得到了这个项目的帮助。故选B。limited有限的;ongoing进行中的; plan计划;adventurous勇于冒险的。
15.A 根据前文的“…Daily News named him as the Child of Courage…”和后文的his great efforts可知,Daily News授予他“勇气儿童”称号,为的是表彰他的巨大努力。故选A。recognise认可;contribute贡献;compare比较; doubt怀疑。Period Three Discovering Useful Structures
1.capable adj.有能力的;有才能的;足以胜任的;能力强的
(教材P54)Though he was affected by gradual blindness soon after the performance, Henry was still capable of writing compositions…尽管演出后不久亨利就受到逐渐失明的影响,但他仍能作曲……
(1)be capable of (doing) sth
有能力做某事;能做某事
(2)incapable adj. 不能的;没有能力的
(3)capability n. 能力;才能
have the capability to do sth
有能力做某事
【佳句背诵】
Anne is capable of speaking three languages fluently, which allows her to communicate with people from different cultural backgrounds.
安妮能流利地说三种语言,这使她能够与来自不同文化背景的人交流。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①His outstanding leadership (capable) was evident when he successfully led the team through a challenging project.
②The young athlete has the capability (break) the world record with hard training and dedication.
③The children are so noisy that they seem to be totally (capable) of working quietly by themselves.
◆一句多译
④我们队有能力赢得冠军这个想法激励着每一位成员,这让我们有动力更努力地训练。
→The idea is inspiring every member, which gives us the motivation to train harder. (capable)
→The idea is inspiring every member, which gives us the motivation to train harder. (capability)
2.relief n.(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除;(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱
(教材P54)…he found that creating music was a relief and cure for his illness.
……他发现创作音乐对他的疾病来说是一种解脱和治疗。
(1)to one’s relief 使某人欣慰的是
in/with relief 宽慰地
gasp with relief 松了一口气
breathe a sigh of relief (=sigh with relief)
松了口气
a surge of relief 一阵如释重负的感觉
It is a relief to… ……是让人欣慰/轻松的事。
(2)relieve vt. 缓解,减轻,缓和
relieve one’s pain/pressure
减轻某人的痛苦/压力
relieve sb of sth 帮助某人减轻(压力/负担/痛苦等);解除某人的职务
(3)relieved adj. 感到宽慰的;放心的
[温馨提示] It is a relief to…的意思是“……是让人欣慰/轻松的事。”relief 本是不可数名词,但此句型中a relief为抽象名词具体化,指某件事,即“一件令人感到欣慰的事”。常见的有类似用法的词还有:success, failure, threat, honour, pleasure 等。
【佳句背诵】
When she heard that her son had arrived home safely, a surge of relief washed over her.
当她听到儿子已安全到家时,一阵如释重负的感觉涌上心头。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2020·江苏卷] Quality counts less than attitude and effort—even a stupid joke can relieve others risk and embarrassment.
②Not until we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace, can we smile relief.
③ (relieve) beyond words, Sarah’s parents hugged her tightly when they heard that she had been accepted into her dream university.
◆完成句子
④ and enrich our campus life, the sports meeting will be held in the school playground from March 28th to March 30th. (应用文写作之校园文化)
为了减轻我们的压力、丰富我们的校园生活,运动会将于3月28日至3月30日在学校操场举行。
⑤[2020·浙江7月考读后续写] Thank my God! We succeeded in climbing onto the helicopter, .
谢天谢地!我们成功爬上了直升机,松了一口气。
3.cure n.治疗;药物;措施 vt.治愈;治好(疾病);解决(问题)
(1)cure sb/a disease 治好某人/某种疾病
cure sb of sth 治好某人的某种疾病;改
正某人的某种不良行为
(2)a cure for… 针对……的疗法/对策
[温馨提示] vt.+sb of sth短语
rob sb of sth 抢劫某人的某物
inform sb of sth 通知某人某事
remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事
【佳句背诵】
Due to the development of modern medical technology, doctors are now able to cure people of many diseases which in former times would have killed them.
由于现代医疗技术的发展,医生现在能够治愈人们的许多疾病,在以前,这些疾病是不治之症。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①She has taken a lot of different medicines, but none of them can cure her the disease.
②Having studied about 600 clinical cases, the scientist found a cure the disease.
③The (cure) patient, who had suffered from a serious illness for years, was finally able to return to a normal life.
◆完成句子
④[2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达] The person I respect most is my English teacher .
我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师,他耐心地帮助我改正了不良的学习习惯。
⑤As a means of , Chinese herbal medicine has had a great effect.
作为一种治疗人类疾病的方式,中草药发挥了巨大的作用。
4.absorbed in sth/sb 被……吸引住;专心致志
(教材P54)When he got absorbed in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life.
当他沉浸在自己的音乐世界里时,他觉得自己仿佛能“看到”周围世界的美,就像他在以前的生活里见到的那样。
(1)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
be/get absorbed in (doing) sth
全神贯注于(做)某事
(2)absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
absorb…from… 从……中吸收……
absorb oneself in doing… 全神贯注于做……
(3)absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的;引人入胜的
[温馨提示] be absorbed in sth结构在句中作状语、定语时,常用其过去分词形式 absorbed in…。
类似结构的短语有:
be lost in… 陷入……,专心致志于……
be caught in… 被困在……
be buried in… 埋头于……
be involved in… 专注于……
【佳句背诵】
His comment on the football game was so excellent that it absorbed the audiences’ attention.
他对足球比赛的评论非常精彩,吸引了观众的注意力。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①When customers wander among the goods shelves, they are completely (absorb) in the items they are looking at.
②The novel was so (absorb) that she read on without a break even forgetting food and sleep.
③ (absorb) in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
◆完成句子
④[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文写作] My classmates will always carried by Youth.
我的同学们总是发现我全神贯注地读《青年》刊登的那些故事。
⑤[2022·浙江1月考读后续写] I , and I frequently forgot about eating or sleeping.
我全神贯注于那个项目,经常忘了吃饭或睡觉。
5.aim n.目的;目标 vi. & vt.力求达到;力争做到;瞄准 vt. 目的是;旨在
(教材P54)Filled with team spirit, they act as a whole, always aiming for glory.
他们作为一个整体,充满团队精神,总是追求荣誉。
(1)aim for sth 力求达到(某个目标)
aim at 力求达到;瞄准;以……为目标
be aimed at… 目的是……;旨在……
aim to do sth 力争做到某事
(2)achieve one’s aim 实现某人的目标
with the aim of… 以……为目标,目的是……
(3)aimless adj. 没有方向的
aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地
[温馨提示] with the purpose of目的是……,以……为目的;with the intention of为了,打算,怀着……的意图;with the objective of目的是……
【佳句背诵】
My dance comes from their traditional beliefs and aims to bring out the Dai women’s beauty.
我的舞蹈源自他们的传统信仰,同时也力求展现傣族女性的美。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] The programme aims (help) students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
②Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event (aim) to raise public awareness of environmental protection.
③While the world around her was moving forward purposefully, she was floating (aim), unable to find her direction.
◆完成句子/一句多译
④This music festival traditional Chinese folk music and getting them exposed to foreign music. (话题写作之节日庆祝)
这个音乐节旨在唤起学生对中国传统民间音乐的兴趣,同时让他们接触外国音乐。
⑤我市将举办一场剪纸展览,目的是弘扬中国的传统文化。(话题写作之传统文化)
→A paper-cutting exhibition, promoting traditional Chinese culture, will be held in our city.(aim n.)
→A paper-cutting exhibition, promoting traditional Chinese culture, will be held in our city.(aim at)
→A paper-cutting exhibition, promote traditional Chinese culture, will be held in our city.(aim to)
过去分词作表语和状语
【语境感悟】
阅读以下有关“音乐”的短文,感知加黑部分,并回答其后的问题。
Music has a magical power. When I hear my favourite song, I’m immediately ①excited. The lyrics often touch my heart. ②Played loudly, energetic pop music makes me want to dance. Last weekend, I was at a concert. ③Surrounded by enthusiastic fans, I felt a strong sense of belonging. The singer’s voice, accompanied by a band, was simply amazing.④Tired as I was from a long day, the music made me feel ⑤refreshed.
【自主发现】
以上语段中,②、③为过去分词作 ;①、④、⑤为过去分词作 。
【语法图解】
【语法精析】
一、过去分词作表语
1.意义:用在系动词后面,构成系表结构,表示主语所处的状态,此时过去分词大多已变成了形容词。如:
I felt confused, even bored.
我感到迷惑不解,甚至感到厌烦。
We were encouraged when hearing the news.
听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。
2.过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。这一结构从形式上与被动语态相同,但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较:
The book is well written.这本书写得很好。
The book was written by a soldier.
这本书是由一位士兵写的。
3.感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别。
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词,其现在分词表示主动意义,即“令人有某种感觉的”,多用来修饰物;其过去分词含有被动意义,即“人被引起某种感觉的”,多用来指人、人的声音、笑容或表情等。常用的这类词有:
如:We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.
我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。
His words were discouraging, which made many people lose heart.
他的话令人泄气,使得很多人灰心丧气。
二、过去分词(短语)作状语
1.过去分词(短语)作状语的具体用法
表示被动的或完成的动作,这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。如:
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.
这篇文章写得匆忙,不是很好。
2.过去分词(短语)作状语时的位置
过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时,通常放在句首;作伴随、结果状语时,通常放在句末;作方式状语时,一般放在句末,有时也放在句首;作让步状语时,一般放在句首,有时也放在句末。如:
Told that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.(原因状语)
得知母亲生病了,李雷迅速赶回了家。
The old man walked into the room, supported by his son.(方式状语)
老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。
3.过去分词(短语)通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等, 可以转化成相应的状语从句或并列句。
(1)过去分词(短语)作时间状语,在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。如:
Asked about his address(=When he was asked about his address), the little boy didn’t respond.
当被问及他的地址时,小男孩没有作答。
(2)过去分词(短语)作原因状语,在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。如:
Annoyed at the decision(=As he was annoyed at the decision), he refused to attend the meeting.
由于对这个决定很生气,他拒绝参加会议。
(3)过去分词(短语)作条件状语,在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。如:
Given more time(=If they were given more time), the trees could grow taller.
如果再多给一点时间,这些树会长得更高。
Heated to a high temperature(=If it is heated to a high temperature), water will change into vapour.
如果加热到高温,水就能变成蒸气。
(4)过去分词(短语)作让步状语,在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。如:
Left(=Although he was left)alone at home, John didn’t feel afraid at all.
虽然约翰被单独留在家里,但他一点都不害怕。
(5)过去分词(短语)作方式、伴随状语,可以转化为并列句。如:
Followed by a group of students, the teacher entered the classroom.
=The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students.
老师走进教室,后面跟着一群学生。
4.过去分词(短语)作状语时,前面有时可以加上when,if,while,though,even if,until,unless等连词,这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语+be的多种形式”)。需要注意的是,省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或是it。如:
Even if invited(=Even if I’m invited), I won’t take part in the party.
即使受到邀请,我也不会参加这个聚会。
5.过去分词(短语)与现在分词(短语)作状语的区别。
过去分词(短语)与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,即表示被动;现在分词(短语)与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即表示主动。
助记:
分词作状语,主语是问题;
前后两动作,共用一主语;
主语找出后,再来判关系;
主动用-ing,被动用-ed。
如:
Used for a long time, the book looks old.(动宾关系)
由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book, I find it very useful.(主谓关系)
在使用这本书时,我发现它很有用。
注意:无论是现在分词还是过去分词,其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致,则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。
If caught, the police will punish the thief.(×)
If caught, the thief will be punished by the police.(√)
If the thief is caught, the police will punish him/her.(√)
【相关拓展】
部分过去分词源于系表结构,作状语时不表示“被动关系”。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:seated(坐着的),hidden(躲着),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着),tired of(厌烦)等。如:
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, she didn’t hear the sound.
由于陷入沉思,她没有听到那个声音。
Dressed in a new dress, she looks very beautiful.
穿着一条新连衣裙,她看上去很漂亮。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1. (complete) in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.
2.First (celebrate) in 1970, the Earth Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions.
3.Ordinary soap, (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
4.We’re (amaze) at the changes and convenience brought by artificial intelligence.
5.I am also (impress) with those volunteers, who used lots of items to help the disabled.
6.The shop assistant looked very (embarrass) and said that it was a cheap one.
7.While waiting for the opportunity to get (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
8.Highly (interest) in music, Henry began to write original compositions when he was in high school.
9. (found) in 1896, Tredona School is proud of its long list of past outstanding students.
10. (face) with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task in time.
●Ⅱ 语法与写作
1. , I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude for your timely help during my difficult days.(应用文写作之感谢信)
被您的善良和慷慨所感动,我写信来表达对您在我困难时期给予的及时帮助的衷心感谢。
2. and the rude service from the staff, I am writing to submit a formal complaint.(应用文写作之投诉信)
对产品质量差和工作人员的粗鲁服务感到失望,我写信来提出正式投诉。
3. , I believe she is the perfect candidate for this position.(应用文写作之推荐信)
深信她的领导能力和团队合作精神,我认为她是这个职位的完美人选。
4.Students took part in activities like tree-planting and beach clean-up, where they shared their ideas on environmental protection.(话题写作之记事)
学生们参加了植树和海滩清洁等活动,随后开了个会,在会上他们分享了自己对环境保护的想法。
5.The team had lost the game, and Jack, the team captain, was sitting on the bench, .(读后续写之情绪描写)
球队输掉了这场比赛,队长杰克坐在长椅上,感到很沮丧。Period Three Discovering Useful Structures
●Ⅰ 单句填空(每小题1.5分,满分15分)
1. (absorb) in writing a letter, he didn’t even look up when I came in.
2.Tsinghua University, (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
3. (drive) by a great demand for vegetables, farmers have built more greenhouses.
4.To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English (speak) as much as we can.
5.What he has done is really . Now his parents are with him. (disappoint)
6.Technological innovation, (combine) with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
7.Ladies and gentlemen, please remain (seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop.
8.When (ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
9.Video games can be a poor influence if (leave) in the wrong hands.
pletely (examine) by the doctors, Mr Lee went back to work.
●Ⅱ 语法与写作(每小题3分,满分15分)
1. , we could do it much better.
如果能多给点时间, 我们会做得更好。
2. the heroic deeds, the children couldn’t help crying.
孩子们被英雄事迹所感动, 情不自禁地哭了起来。
3. the examination result, the girl stood there without saying a word.
因为对考试结果很失望, 那个女孩站在那儿一句话也没说。
4. , this dictionary will be very popular.
一旦出版, 这本字典将会很受欢迎。
5. , he continued his study.
尽管被许多人嘲笑, 他还是继续他的研究。
●Ⅲ 阅读理解(每小题2.5分,满分10分)
[2025·安徽合肥高一期末考试]
Scientists have been studying spiderwebs and have created music from their vibrations (震动).
From communication to construction, spiderwebs may offer a huge amount of information, said Markus Buehler, a professor at MIT.
MIT shared an excerpt of the music on YouTube. In it, you can hear just how creepy the melody sounds. It, honestly, gives even more darkness to the creatures that live in the corner of the room.
But the melody isn’t just here to sound creepy. The researchers say that it will also help them better understand the architecture of the spider’s web. The music created from the spiderwebs could also help us learn the vibrational language of spiders.
Actually, spiders don’t really see that well, despite having multiple eyes. So, they rely on the vibrations of their webs to determine where something is. “Spiders use vibrations as a way to connect with the environment and with other spiders,” Buehler said.
Professor Buehler and his team of researchers created 3D models of spiderwebs when the spiders were doing different things such as construction, repair, hunting and feeding. They then listened for patterns in the spider signals and recreated the sounds using computers. He hopes his team’s work could enable humans to understand the language of a spider and one day communicate with them.
There are more than 47,000 species of spiders, and all spin silk webs to provide housing and catch food. Scientists say the silk from a spiderweb is five times stronger than steel. A better understanding of how these webs work has been difficult in the past, but the hope is that further study of spiderwebs will uncover more about these creatures.
The living structure of a spiderweb could lead to innovations in construction and repair, Professor Buehler said. “We can imagine creating a synthetic system based on what the spider does in sensing the web, and repairing the web,” he said.
( )1.How do viewers feel about the melody posted online
A.Frightened. B.Delighted.
C.Relaxed. D.Calm.
( )2.According to the passage, what is the function of the vibrations of the spider’s web
A.To entertain themselves.
B.To attract other spiders.
C.To communicate with the surroundings.
D.To protect themselves from attack.
( )3.How do the researchers study the spiderweb
A.By doing a survey.
B.By observing closely.
C.By setting up a virtual model.
D.By comparing collected data.
( )4.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.The structure of the spiderweb.
B.Spiders’ skills of repairing the spiderweb.
C.The construction process of the spiderweb.
D.The significance of studying the spiderweb structure.
●Ⅳ 阅读七选五(每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
[2025·江西九江高一期末考试]
How similar are language and music
Language is part of our daily lives, no matter where we live in the world. 1. Both language and music play a huge role in our culture and here are some of their similarities.
Both language and music have a writing system.
Both language and music have their own systems of notation. Language uses alphabets to represent sounds and create meaning. 2. By reading and writing in these systems, we can communicate and preserve ideas and compositions through time.
3.
Listening to the language someone speaks can provide valuable clues about their geographical origin. In the same way, we know that styles of music are different around the world, giving us the opportunity to explore many different cultures through their music and providing us with music for every situation.
Both share emotion.
4. While you may be able to perceive it through my facial expressions, you can judge it with certainty through my words. Similarly, music has the ability to convey emotions such as anger, sadness, or happiness through its sound. Music can show you exactly how the composer was or is feeling, and allows us to share that emotion. When you feel happy, you might want to sing and dance to a happy song to celebrate your happiness. 5. I think we have all used music to express or process our emotions, often combining it with language in the form of song lyrics (歌词).
A.Both are expressive.
B.Both vary with culture.
C.How do you know that I am annoyed
D.Similarly, music is part of many people’s lives.
E.Equally, music uses notes to represent pitch and rhythms.
F.We use language to express our thoughts.
G.In contrast, you probably also listen to sad music when you are feeling down.
●Ⅴ 完形填空(每小题1分,满分15分)
[2025·广东东莞高一期末]
Tom, an eight-year-old boy, who developed an unknown disease in his brain two years ago, impressed audience greatly in a national music competition.
In 2024, Tom 1 that he didn’t feel well in his brain. Although doctors tried every means, they couldn’t identify the 2 of the disease. The disease troubled Tom a lot in his daily life. Sometimes, he even had 3 in walking on his own. But Tom didn’t give up and kept practising every day. So after picking up the 4 to walk again, Tom decided to go back to his favourite: music. He turned his difficult 5 into a way to help others.
Last November, Tom 6 for the national music competition. He sang a song called Forever Dreams. Tom’s beautiful voice 7 the hearts of millions of people watching in the country. After his performance, Tom talked about how he 8 fought with his disease, which encouraged other kids 9 the same condition.
Tom and his family also started the Dream Project, in which they sang songs to raise funds to 10 medical researches. It was a challenge for them. 11 , out of their expectation, they collected over ￡70,000 in just over a week! He told Daily News, “We were so 12 by how generous the public was. We will keep singing for as many children as possible and make a(n) 13 impact on their lives.”
Today, Tom’s journey is still 14 . More and more children have got help from the project. Due to his bravery, determination and kindness, Daily News named him as the Child of Courage, 15 his great efforts.
( )1.A.hoped B.found
C.agreed D.regretted
( )2.A.fear B.image
C.cause D.cost
( )3.A.difficulty B.pleasure
C.confidence D.boredom
( )4.A.habit B.interest
C.ability D.knowledge
( )5.A.choice B.task
C.project D.experience
( )6.A.looked around B.held on
C.signed up D.came over
( )7.A.touched B.lost
C.contacted D.confused
( )8.A.gently B.bravely
C.secretly D.repeatedly
( )9.A.turning to B.making out
C.struggling with D.preparing for
( )10.A.explain B.accept
C.change D.support
( )11.A.Moreover B.Also
C.Therefore D.However
( )12.A.impressed B.annoyed
C.scared D.attracted
( )13.A.creative B.positive
C.narrow D.immediate
( )14.A.limited B.ongoing
C.planned D.adventurous
( )15.A.recognising B.contributing
C.comparing D.doubting(共98张PPT)
Period Three
Discovering Useful Structures
语言精讲
语法归纳
练习册
答案速查【导】
答案速查【练】
1.capable adj.有能力的;有才能的;足以胜任的;能力强的
(教材P54)Though he was affected by gradual blindness soon
after the performance, Henry was still capable of writing
compositions…尽管演出后不久亨利就受到逐渐失明的影响,但他仍能
作曲……
(1)be capable of (doing) sth
有能力做某事;能做某事
(2)incapable adj. 不能的;没有能力的
(3)capability n. 能力;才能
have the capability to do sth
有能力做某事
【佳句背诵】
Anne is capable of speaking three languages fluently, which
allows her to communicate with people from different cultural
backgrounds.
安妮能流利地说三种语言，这使她能够与来自不同文化背景的人交流。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①His outstanding leadership __________ (capable) was evident
when he successfully led the team through a challenging project.
②The young athlete has the capability _________ (break) the
world record with hard training and dedication.
③The children are so noisy that they seem to be totally
__________ (capable) of working quietly by themselves.
capability
to break
incapable
◆一句多译
④我们队有能力赢得冠军这个想法激励着每一位成员，这让我们有
动力更努力地训练。
→The idea ________________________________________________
_____________ is inspiring every member, which gives us the
motivation to train harder. (capable)
→The idea ________________________________________________
_____________ is inspiring every member, which gives us the
motivation to train harder. (capability)
that our team is capable of winning the
championship
that our team has the capability to win the
championship
2.relief n.(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除;(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱
(教材P54)…he found that creating music was a relief and cure
for his illness.
……他发现创作音乐对他的疾病来说是一种解脱和治疗。
(1)to one's relief 使某人欣慰的是
in/with relief 宽慰地
gasp with relief 松了一口气
breathe a sigh of relief (=sigh with relief)
松了口气
a surge of relief 一阵如释重负的感觉
It is a relief to… ……是让人欣慰/轻松的事。
(2)relieve vt. 缓解,减轻,缓和
relieve one's pain/pressure
减轻某人的痛苦/压力
relieve sb of sth 帮助某人减轻(压力/负担/痛苦等);解除某人的职务
(3)relieved adj. 感到宽慰的;放心的
［温馨提示］It is a relief to…的意思是“……是让人欣慰/轻松的
事。”relief 本是不可数名词,但此句型中a relief为抽象名词具体化,指
某件事,即“一件令人感到欣慰的事”。常见的有类似用法的词还
有:success, failure, threat, honour, pleasure 等。
【佳句背诵】
When she heard that her son had arrived home safely, a surge
of relief washed over her.
当她听到儿子已安全到家时，一阵如释重负的感觉涌上心头。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①［2020·江苏卷］Quality counts less than attitude and effort—
even a stupid joke can relieve others ___ risk and
embarrassment.
of
②Not until we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace, can we
smile ________ relief.
in/with
③_________(relieve) beyond words, Sarah's parents hugged her
tightly when they heard that she had been accepted into her
dream university.
Relieved
◆完成句子
④______________________________________________and enrich
our campus life, the sports meeting will be held in the school
playground from March 28th to March 30th. (应用文写作之校园
文化)
为了减轻我们的压力、丰富我们的校园生活,运动会将于3月28日至3
月30日在学校操场举行。
To relieve us of pressure/To relieve our pressure
⑤［2020·浙江7月考读后续写］Thank my God! We succeeded in
climbing onto the helicopter, ________________________________
____________.
谢天谢地！我们成功爬上了直升机，松了一口气。
gasping with relief/breathing a
sigh of relief
3.cure n.治疗;药物;措施 vt.治愈;治好(疾病);解决(问题)
(1)cure sb/a disease 治好某人/某种疾病
cure sb of sth 治好某人的某种疾病;改正某人的某种不良行为
(2)a cure for… 针对……的疗法/对策
［温馨提示］vt.+sb of sth短语
rob sb of sth 抢劫某人的某物
inform sb of sth 通知某人某事
remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事
【佳句背诵】
Due to the development of modern medical technology, doctors
are now able to cure people of many diseases which in former
times would have killed them.
由于现代医疗技术的发展,医生现在能够治愈人们的许多疾病,在以前,
这些疾病是不治之症。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①She has taken a lot of different medicines, but none of them
can cure her ___ the disease.
②Having studied about 600 clinical cases, the scientist found a
cure ____ the disease.
③The _______ (cure) patient, who had suffered from a serious
illness for years, was finally able to return to a normal life.
of
for
cured
◆完成句子
④［2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达］The person I respect most is my
English teacher _____________________________________________
______________.
我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师,他耐心地帮助我改正了不良的学习习惯。
who patiently helped to cure me of my bad
learning habits
⑤As a means of _________________________, Chinese herbal
medicine has had a great effect.
作为一种治疗人类疾病的方式,中草药发挥了巨大的作用。
curing people of diseases
4.absorbed in sth/sb 被……吸引住;专心致志
(教材P54)When he got absorbed in his world of music, he felt
as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like
he had in his previous life.
当他沉浸在自己的音乐世界里时,他觉得自己仿佛能“看到”周围世界
的美,就像他在以前的生活里见到的那样。
(1)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
be/get absorbed in (doing) sth
全神贯注于(做)某事
(2)absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意
absorb…from… 从……中吸收……
absorb oneself in doing… 全神贯注于做……
(3)absorbing adj 十分吸引人的;引人入胜的
［温馨提示］be absorbed in sth结构在句中作状语、定语时,常用
其过去分词形式 absorbed in…。
类似结构的短语有:
be lost in… 陷入……,专心致志于……
be caught in… 被困在……
be buried in… 埋头于……
be involved in… 专注于……
【佳句背诵】
His comment on the football game was so excellent that it
absorbed the audiences' attention.
他对足球比赛的评论非常精彩,吸引了观众的注意力。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①When customers wander among the goods shelves, they are
completely __________ (absorb) in the items they are looking at.
②The novel was so __________ (absorb) that she read on
without a break even forgetting food and sleep.
③__________ (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening
approaching.
absorbed
absorbing
Absorbed
◆完成句子
④［2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文写作］My classmates will always
________________________________________ carried by Youth.
我的同学们总是发现我全神贯注地读《青年》刊登的那些故事。
find me absorbed in reading those stories
⑤［2022·浙江1月考读后续写］I ______________________________
____________________, and I frequently forgot about eating or
sleeping.
我全神贯注于那个项目,经常忘了吃饭或睡觉。
was absorbed in/absorbed
myself in that project
5.aim n.目的;目标 vi. & vt.力求达到；力争做到;瞄准 vt. 目的是;旨在
(教材P54)Filled with team spirit, they act as a whole, always
aiming for glory.
他们作为一个整体,充满团队精神,总是追求荣誉。
(1)aim for sth 力求达到(某个目标)
aim at 力求达到;瞄准;以……为目标
be aimed at… 目的是……;旨在……
aim to do sth 力争做到某事
(2)achieve one's aim 实现某人的目标
with the aim of… 以……为目标,目的是……
(3)aimless adj. 没有方向的
aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地
［温馨提示］with the purpose of目的是……,以……为目的;with
the intention of为了,打算,怀着……的意图;with the objective of目
的是……
【佳句背诵】
My dance comes from their traditional beliefs and aims to bring
out the Dai women's beauty.
我的舞蹈源自他们的传统信仰,同时也力求展现傣族女性的美。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①［2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷］The programme aims________(help)
students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and
healthy lifestyles.
to help
②Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event ________
(aim) to raise public awareness of environmental protection.
③While the world around her was moving forward purposefully,
she was floating _________ (aim), unable to find her direction.
aiming
aimlessly
◆完成句子/一句多译
④This music festival ________________________________________
___ traditional Chinese folk music and getting them exposed to
foreign music. (话题写作之节日庆祝)
这个音乐节旨在唤起学生对中国传统民间音乐的兴趣,同时让他们接
触外国音乐。
is aimed at arousing the students' interest
in
⑤我市将举办一场剪纸展览,目的是弘扬中国的传统文化。
(话题写作之传统文化)
→A paper-cutting exhibition, ________________ promoting
traditional Chinese culture, will be held in our city.(aim n.)
→A paper-cutting exhibition, ___________________ promoting
traditional Chinese culture, will be held in our city.(aim at)
→A paper-cutting exhibition, __________ promote traditional
Chinese culture, will be held in our city.(aim to)
with the aim of
(which is) aimed at
aiming to
过去分词作表语和状语
【语境感悟】
阅读以下有关“音乐”的短文，感知加黑部分，并回答其后的问题。
Music has a magical power. When I hear my favourite song,
I'm immediately ①excited. The lyrics often touch my heart. ②
Played loudly, energetic pop music makes me want to dance.
Last weekend, I was at a concert. ③Surrounded by enthusiastic
fans, I felt a strong sense of belonging. The singer's voice,
accompanied by a band, was simply amazing.④Tired as I was
from a long day, the music made me feel ⑤refreshed.
【自主发现】
以上语段中，②、③为过去分词作______；①、④、⑤为过去分词
作______。
状语
表语
【语法图解】
【语法精析】
一、过去分词作表语
1.意义:用在系动词后面,构成系表结构,表示主语所处的状态,此时过去
分词大多已变成了形容词。如:
I felt confused, even bored.
我感到迷惑不解,甚至感到厌烦。
We were encouraged when hearing the news.
听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。
2.过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。这一结构从形式上与被动
语态相同,但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较:
The book is well written.这本书写得很好。
The book was written by a soldier.
这本书是由一位士兵写的。
3.感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别。
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词,其现在分词表示主动意义,即
“令人有某种感觉的”,多用来修饰物;其过去分词含有被动意义,即“人被
引起某种感觉的”,多用来指人、人的声音、笑容或表情等。常用的这
类词有:
surprising令人吃惊的
surprised感到吃惊的
discouraging令人泄气的
discouraged泄气的
如:We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.
我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。
His words were discouraging, which made many people lose
heart.
他的话令人泄气,使得很多人灰心丧气。
二、过去分词(短语)作状语
1.过去分词(短语)作状语的具体用法
表示被动的或完成的动作,这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上
的被动关系。如:
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.
这篇文章写得匆忙,不是很好。
2.过去分词(短语)作状语时的位置
过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时,通常放在句首;作伴随、结果状
语时,通常放在句末;作方式状语时,一般放在句末,有时也放在句首;作
让步状语时,一般放在句首,有时也放在句末。如:
Told that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.
(原因状语)
得知母亲生病了,李雷迅速赶回了家。
The old man walked into the room, supported by his son.
(方式状语)
老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。
3.过去分词(短语)通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步
状语、方式状语和伴随状语等, 可以转化成相应的状语从句或并列句。
(1)过去分词(短语)作时间状语,在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。如:
Asked about his address(=When he was asked about his
address), the little boy didn't respond.
当被问及他的地址时,小男孩没有作答。
(2)过去分词(短语)作原因状语,在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。如:
Annoyed at the decision(=As he was annoyed at the decision),
he refused to attend the meeting.
由于对这个决定很生气,他拒绝参加会议。
(3)过去分词(短语)作条件状语,在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。如:
Given more time(=If they were given more time), the trees
could grow taller.
如果再多给一点时间,这些树会长得更高。
Heated to a high temperature(=If it is heated to a high
temperature), water will change into vapour.
如果加热到高温,水就能变成蒸气。
(4)过去分词(短语)作让步状语,在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。如:
Left(=Although he was left)alone at home, John didn't feel
afraid at all.
虽然约翰被单独留在家里,但他一点都不害怕。
(5)过去分词(短语)作方式、伴随状语,可以转化为并列句。如:
Followed by a group of students, the teacher entered the
classroom.
=The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a
group of students.
老师走进教室,后面跟着一群学生。
4.过去分词(短语)作状语时,前面有时可以加上
when,if,while,though,even if,until,unless等连词,这种结构可以看作是
一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语+be的多种形式”)。需要注
意的是,省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或是it。如:
Even if invited(=Even if I'm invited), I won't take part in the
party.
即使受到邀请,我也不会参加这个聚会。
5.过去分词(短语)与现在分词(短语)作状语的区别。
过去分词(短语)与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,即表示被
动;现在分词(短语)与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即表示
主动。
助记:
分词作状语,主语是问题;
前后两动作,共用一主语;
主语找出后,再来判关系;
主动用-ing,被动用-ed。
如:
Used for a long time, the book looks old.(动宾关系)
由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book, I find it very useful.(主谓关系)
在使用这本书时,我发现它很有用。
注意:无论是现在分词还是过去分词,其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一
致。如果不一致,则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。
If caught, the police will punish the thief.(×)
If caught, the thief will be punished by the police.(√)
If the thief is caught, the police will punish him/her.(√)
【相关拓展】
部分过去分词源于系表结构,作状语时不表示“被动关系”。这样的过
去分词及短语常见的有:seated(坐着的),hidden(躲着),lost/absorbed
in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着),tired of(厌烦)等。如:
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, she didn't hear the sound.
由于陷入沉思,她没有听到那个声音。
Dressed in a new dress, she looks very beautiful.
穿着一条新连衣裙,她看上去很漂亮。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ单句填空
1.___________ (complete) in 1931, the Empire State Building, the
highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the
world.
Completed
2.First ___________ (celebrate) in 1970, the Earth Day now
includes events in more than 190 countries and regions.
3.Ordinary soap, ______ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria
effectively.
celebrated
used
4.We're _________ (amaze) at the changes and convenience
brought by artificial intelligence.
5.I am also ___________ (impress) with those volunteers, who
used lots of items to help the disabled.
6.The shop assistant looked very _____________ (embarrass) and
said that it was a cheap one.
7.While waiting for the opportunity to get __________ (promote),
Henry did his best to perform his duty.
amazed
impressed
embarrassed
promoted
8.Highly __________ (interest) in music, Henry began to write
original compositions when he was in high school.
9._________ (found) in 1896, Tredona School is proud of its
long list of past outstanding students.
10._______ (face) with so much trouble, we failed to complete
the task in time.
interested
Founded
Faced
Ⅱ语法与写作
1.________________________________________, I am writing to
express my heartfelt gratitude for your timely help during my
difficult days.(应用文写作之感谢信)
被您的善良和慷慨所感动，我写信来表达对您在我困难时期给予的
及时帮助的衷心感谢。
Touched by your kindness and generosity
2.________________________________________________ and the
rude service from the staff, I am writing to submit a formal
complaint.(应用文写作之投诉信)
对产品质量差和工作人员的粗鲁服务感到失望，我写信来提出正式
投诉。
Disappointed with the poor quality of the product
3.___________________________________________________, I
believe she is the perfect candidate for this position.(应用文写作
之推荐信)
深信她的领导能力和团队合作精神，我认为她是这个职位的完美人选。
Convinced of her leadership skills and teamwork spirit
4.Students took part in activities like tree-planting and beach
clean-up, ______________________ where they shared their ideas
on environmental protection.(话题写作之记事)
学生们参加了植树和海滩清洁等活动，随后开了个会，在会上他们
分享了自己对环境保护的想法。
followed by a meeting
5.The team had lost the game, and Jack, the team captain, was
sitting on the bench, _________________.(读后续写之情绪描写)
球队输掉了这场比赛，队长杰克坐在长椅上，感到很沮丧。
feeling frustrated
练 习 册
Ⅰ单句填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1.__________ (absorb) in writing a letter, he didn't even look up
when I came in.
Absorbed
2.Tsinghua University, _________ (found) in 1911, is home to a
great number of outstanding figures.
founded
3._______(drive) by a great demand for vegetables, farmers have
built more greenhouses.
Driven
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3
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5
6
7
8
9
10
4.To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear
English ________ (speak) as much as we can.
spoken
5.What he has done is really _____________. Now his parents
are _____________with him. (disappoint)
disappointing
disappointed
6.Technological innovation, __________(combine) with good
marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
combined
7.Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _______ (seat) until the
plane has come to a complete stop.
seated
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.When _______ (ask) for his views about his teaching job,
Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
asked
9.Video games can be a poor influence if ____(leave) in the
wrong hands.
left
pletely __________(examine) by the doctors, Mr Lee went
back to work.
examined
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅱ语法与写作(每小题3分，满分15分)
1.___________________, we could do it much better.
如果能多给点时间, 我们会做得更好。
If given more time
2.___________________ the heroic deeds, the children couldn't
help crying.
孩子们被英雄事迹所感动, 情不自禁地哭了起来。
Moved/Touched by
3.________________ the examination result, the girl stood there
without saying a word.
因为对考试结果很失望, 那个女孩站在那儿一句话也没说。
Disappointed at
1
2
3
4
5
4.________________, this dictionary will be very popular.
一旦出版, 这本字典将会很受欢迎。
Once published
5.___________________________________________, he continued
his study.
尽管被许多人嘲笑, 他还是继续他的研究。
Although/Though laughed at by many people
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅲ阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分10分)
［2025·安徽合肥高一期末考试］
Scientists have been studying spiderwebs and have created
music from their vibrations (震动).
From communication to construction, spiderwebs may offer
a huge amount of information, said Markus Buehler, a professor
at MIT.
1
2
3
4
MIT shared an excerpt of the music on YouTube. In it, you
can hear just how creepy the melody sounds. It, honestly, gives
even more darkness to the creatures that live in the corner of
the room.
But the melody isn't just here to sound creepy. The
researchers say that it will also help them better understand the
architecture of the spider's web. The music created from the
spiderwebs could also help us learn the vibrational language of
spiders.
1
2
3
4
Actually, spiders don't really see that well, despite having
multiple eyes. So, they rely on the vibrations of their webs to
determine where something is. “Spiders use vibrations as a way
to connect with the environment and with other spiders,”
Buehler said.
Professor Buehler and his team of researchers created 3D
models of spiderwebs when the spiders were doing different
things such as construction, repair, hunting and feeding. They
then listened for patterns in the spider signals and recreated the
1
2
3
4
sounds using computers. He hopes his team's work could
enable humans to understand the language of a spider and one
day communicate with them.
There are more than 47,000 species of spiders, and all spin
silk webs to provide housing and catch food. Scientists say the
silk from a spiderweb is five times stronger than steel. A better
understanding of how these webs work has been difficult in the
past, but the hope is that further study of spiderwebs will
uncover more about these creatures.
1
2
3
4
The living structure of a spiderweb could lead to
innovations in construction and repair, Professor Buehler said.
“We can imagine creating a synthetic system based on what the
spider does in sensing the web, and repairing the web,” he said.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们通过研
究蜘蛛网的振动来创作音乐，并希望通过这种方式更好地了解蜘蛛
网的结构以及蜘蛛的振动语言。
1
2
3
4
( )1.How do viewers feel about the melody posted online
A.Frightened. B.Delighted. C.Relaxed. D.Calm.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中“MIT shared an excerpt of the
music on YouTube. In it, you can hear just how creepy the
melody sounds.”可知，观众们觉得在网上发布的旋律令人害怕。故
选A项。
√
1
2
3
4
( )2.According to the passage, what is the function of the
vibrations of the spider's web
A.To entertain themselves.
B.To attract other spiders.
C.To communicate with the surroundings.
D.To protect themselves from attack.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Spiders use vibrations as a
way to connect with the environment and with other spiders…”
可知，蜘蛛网振动的作用是与环境交流。故选C项。
√
1
2
3
4
( )3.How do the researchers study the spiderweb
A.By doing a survey.
B.By observing closely.
C.By setting up a virtual model.
D.By comparing collected data.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第六段中“Professor Buehler and his team
of researchers created 3D models of spiderwebs when the
spiders were doing different things such as construction, repair,
hunting and feeding.”可知，研究人员通过建立虚拟模型来研究蜘
蛛网。故选C项。
√
1
2
3
4
( )4.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.The structure of the spiderweb.
B.Spiders' skills of repairing the spiderweb.
C.The construction process of the spiderweb.
D.The significance of studying the spiderweb structure.
[解析] 段落大意题。根据最后一段中“The living structure of a
spiderweb could lead to innovations in construction and repair,
Professor Buehler said.”可知，最后一段主要讲的是研究蜘蛛网结构
的意义。故选D项。
√
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2
3
4
Ⅳ阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
［2025·江西九江高一期末考试］
How similar are language and music
Language is part of our daily lives, no matter where we live
in the world. 1.___ Both language and music play a huge role
in our culture and here are some of their similarities.
D
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2
3
4
5
Both language and music have a writing system.
Both language and music have their own systems of
notation. Language uses alphabets to represent sounds and
create meaning. 2.___ By reading and writing in these systems,
we can communicate and preserve ideas and compositions
through time.
E
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2
3
4
5
3.___
Listening to the language someone speaks can provide
valuable clues about their geographical origin. In the same way,
we know that styles of music are different around the world,
giving us the opportunity to explore many different cultures
through their music and providing us with music for every
situation.
B
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2
3
4
5
Both share emotion.
4.___ While you may be able to perceive it through my
facial expressions, you can judge it with certainty through my
words. Similarly, music has the ability to convey emotions such
as anger, sadness, or happiness through its sound. Music can
show you exactly how the composer was or is feeling, and
allows us to share that emotion. When you feel happy, you
might want to sing and dance to a happy song to celebrate
your happiness. 5.___ I think we have all used music to express
or process our emotions, often combining it with language in
the form of song lyrics (歌词).
C
G
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2
3
4
5
A.Both are expressive.
B.Both vary with culture.
C.How do you know that I am annoyed
D.Similarly, music is part of many people's lives.
E.Equally, music uses notes to represent pitch and rhythms.
F.We use language to express our thoughts.
G.In contrast, you probably also listen to sad music when you
are feeling down.
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2
3
4
5
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言和音乐的相
似之处。
1
2
3
4
5
1.___
D
[解析] 上文“Language is part of our daily lives, no matter where
we live in the world.”提到了语言，下文“Both language and music
play a huge role in our culture and here are some of their
similarities.”提到了语言和音乐都重要，D选项“同样，音乐也是许多
人生活的一部分。”承上启下，符合语境。故选D。
1
2
3
4
5
2.___
E
[解析] 上文“Both language and music have their own systems of
notation. Language uses alphabets to represent sounds and
create meaning.”提到了语言的符号系统，空格处承接上文，应该说
明音乐对应的符号系统，E选项“同样，音乐用音符来表示音高和节
奏。”符合语境。故选E。
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2
3
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5
3.___
B
[解析] 空格处为段落小标题。根据下文“Listening to the language
someone speaks can provide valuable clues about their
geographical origin. In the same way, we know that styles of
music are different around the world, giving us the opportunity
to explore many different cultures through their music and
providing us with music for every situation.”可知，本段描述的话
题和文化相关，B选项“两者都因文化而异。”符合语境。故选B。
1
2
3
4
5
4.___
C
[解析] 根据本段小标题“Both share emotion.”可知，本段和情感有
关，选项C中annoyed是关键词，呼应本段小标题，C选项“你怎么知
道我生气了 ”提出问题，且下文“While you may be able to
perceive it through my facial expressions, you can judge it with
certainty through my words.”是对此问题的回答。故选C。
1
2
3
4
5
5.___
G
[解析] 上文“When you feel happy, you might want to sing and
dance to a happy song to celebrate your happiness.”提到了快乐
的时候想听快乐的歌曲，G选项中in contrast是关键词，与上文形成
对比，G选项“相反，当你情绪低落的时候，你可能也会听悲伤的音
乐。”与快乐时的情况形成对比，符合语境。故选G。
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅴ完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
［2025·广东东莞高一期末］
Tom, an eight-year-old boy, who developed an unknown
disease in his brain two years ago, impressed audience greatly
in a national music competition.
In 2024, Tom . .1. . that he didn't feel well in his brain.
Although doctors tried every means, they couldn't identify
the . .2. . of the disease. The disease troubled Tom a lot in his
daily life. Sometimes, he even had . .3. . in walking on his own.
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
But Tom didn't give up and kept practising every day. So after
picking up the . .4. . to walk again, Tom decided to go back to
his favourite: music. He turned his difficult . .5. . into a way to
help others.
Last November, Tom . .6. . for the national music competition.
He sang a song called Forever Dreams. Tom's beautiful
voice . .7. . the hearts of millions of people watching in the
country. After his performance, Tom talked about how he . .8. .
fought with his disease, which encouraged other kids . .9. . the
same condition.
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Tom and his family also started the Dream Project, in which
they sang songs to raise funds to . .10. . medical researches. It
was a challenge for them. . .11. ., out of their expectation, they
collected over ￡70,000 in just over a week! He told Daily News,
“We were so . .12. . by how generous the public was. We will
keep singing for as many children as possible and make
a(n) . .13. . impact on their lives.”
Today, Tom's journey is still . .14. .. More and more children
have got help from the project. Due to his bravery,
determination and kindness, Daily News named him as the Child
of Courage, . .15. . his great efforts.
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了患病的汤姆通过
音乐比赛鼓舞他人，并筹集善款的故事。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
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( )1.A.hoped B.found C.agreed D.regretted
[解析] 根据后文的“…that he didn't feel well in his brain.”可知，
汤姆“发现”自己大脑不舒服。故选B。hope希望；find发现；agree同
意；regret后悔。
( )2.A.fear B.image C.cause D.cost
[解析] 根据前文“Although doctors tried every means, they
couldn't identify the…”和后文的the disease可知，医生无法确定的
是疾病的原因。故选C。fear恐惧； image形象； cause原因； cost
费用。
√
√
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3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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12
13
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15
( )3.A.difficulty B.pleasure C.confidence D.boredom
[解析] 根据前文的“The disease troubled Tom a lot in his daily
life.”和后文in walking on his own可知，疾病给汤姆的日常生活带
来了很多困扰，他有时难以自己行走。故选A。difficulty困难；
pleasure快乐；confidence信心；boredom无聊。
( )4.A.habit B.interest C.ability D.knowledge
[解析] 根据后文的to walk again可知，这里指的是重新获得行走的
能力。故选C。habit习惯；interest兴趣；ability能力；knowledge知识。
√
√
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )5.A.choice B.task C.project D.experience
[解析] 根据前文“He turned his difficult…”和后文的“…into a way
to help others.”可知，这里指的是汤姆把自己的艰难经历变成了一
种帮助他人的方式。故选D。choice选择；task任务；project项目；
experience经历。
( )6.A.looked around B.held on
C.signed up D.came over
[解析] 根据后文的for the national music competition可知，这里
指的是汤姆报名参加全国音乐比赛。故选C。look around环顾四周；
hold on继续； sign up报名参加；come over过来。
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( )7.A.touched B.lost C.contacted D.confused
[解析] 根据前文的Tom's beautiful voice和后文的“…the hearts of
millions of people watching in the country.”可知，汤姆美妙的声
音触动了全国数百万观众的心。故选A。touch触动；lose失去；
contact联系；confuse使困惑。
( )8.A.gently B.bravely C.secretly D.repeatedly
[解析] 根据后文的“…fought with his disease…”可知，这里指的是
汤姆勇敢地与疾病抗争。故选B。gently温柔地；bravely勇敢地；
secretly秘密地； repeatedly重复地。
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( )9.A.turning to B.making out
C.struggling with D.preparing for
[解析] 根据前文的“…Tom talked about how he…fought with his
disease, which encouraged other kids…”和后文the same condition
可知，这里指的是汤姆的故事鼓舞了其他患病并与之抗争的孩子，
故选C。turn to转向； make out辨认出；struggle with与……抗争；
prepare for为……做准备。
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( )10.A.explain B.accept C.change D.support
[解析] 根据后文的medical researches可知，这里指的是筹集资金来
支持医学研究。故选D。explain解释；accept接受； change改变；
support支持。
( )11.A.Moreover B.Also C.Therefore D.However
[解析] 根据前文的“It was a challenge for them.”和后文的out of
their expectation可知，前后句之间为转折关系，应用however。故
选D。moreover而且；also也；therefore因此；however然而。
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( )12.A.impressed B.annoyed C.scared D.attracted
[解析] 根据后文的“…by how generous the public was.”可知，这
里指的是被公众的慷慨所打动。故选A。impress打动，使留下印象；
annoy使恼怒；scare吓唬；attract吸引。
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( )13.A.creative B.positive C.narrow D.immediate
[解析] 根据前文的“Tom and his family also started the Dream
Project, in which they sang songs to raise funds to…medical
researches.”和后文的“More and more children have got help
from the project.”可知，汤姆和他的家人还启动了“梦想计划”，他们
通过唱歌筹集资金来支持医学研究，这里指的是他们将继续对孩子
们的生活产生积极的影响。故选B。creative有创造力的；positive积
极的；narrow狭窄的；immediate立即的。
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( )14.A.limited B.ongoing
C.planned D.adventurous
[解析] 根据前文的“Today, Tom's journey is still…”和后文的“More
and more children have got help from the project.”可知，汤姆的
旅程仍在进行中，从而使得越来越多的孩子得到了这个项目的帮助。
故选B。limited有限的；ongoing进行中的； plan计划；
adventurous勇于冒险的。
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( )15.A.recognising B.contributing
C.comparing D.doubting
[解析] 根据前文的“…Daily News named him as the Child of
Courage…”和后文的his great efforts可知，Daily News授予他“勇气
儿童”称号，为的是表彰他的巨大努力。故选A。recognise认可；
contribute贡献；compare比较； doubt怀疑。
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Unit 5 MUSIC
Period Three Discovering Useful Structures
导学案
语言精讲
1.①capability ②to break ③incapable ④that our team is
capable of winning the championshipthat our team has the
capability to win the championship
2 .①of ②in/with ③Relieved ④To relieve us of
pressure/To relieve our pressure ⑤gasping with
relief/breathing a sigh of relief
3. ①of ②for ③cured ④who patiently helped to cure me
of my bad learning habits ⑤curing people of diseases
4.①absorbed ②absorbing ③Absorbed ④find me absorbed
in reading those stories ⑤was absorbed in/absorbed myself
in that project
5. ①to help ②aiming ③aimlessly ④is aimed at arousing
the students' interest in ⑤with the aim of（which is）
aimed ataiming to
语法归纳
【自主发现】
状语；表语
【实战演练】
Ⅰ
1.Completed 2.celebrated 3.used 4.amazed 5.impressed
6.embarrassed 7.promoted 8.interested 9.Founded 10.Faced
Ⅱ
1.Touched by your kindness and generosity 2.Disappointed
with the poor quality of the product 3.Convinced of her
leadership skills and teamwork spirit 4.followed by a
meeting 5.feeling frustrated
练习册
Ⅰ
1.Absorbed 2.founded 3.Driven 4.spoken 5.disappointing；
disappointed 6.combined 7.seated 8.asked 9. left
10.examined
Ⅱ
1.If given more time 2.Moved/Touched by 3.Disappointed
at 4.Once published
5.Although/Though laughed at by many people
Ⅲ
1.A 2.C 3.C 4.D
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1.D 2.E 3.B 4.C 5.G
Ⅴ
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.D 11.D
12.A 13.B 14.B 15.A
