Period Two Reading and Thinking
【课前自主探究】
Task 1: Text Structure Analysing
1.more precious 2.affected 3.medicine 4.graduated
5.physician 6.Europe 7.rejected 8.was appointed 9.was elected 10.delivered
Task 2: Fast Reading
the life choices of Lin Qiaozhi and her great contributions to society
Task 3: Careful Reading
1—4 CABC
Task 4: Micro-writing
1.more precious 2.what 3.marriage 4.responded
5.to study 6.was hired 7.working 8.rejected
9.playing 10.as
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1.①carried;through ②carry out ③carry on ④that carried her through
2.①majority ②are ③in ④the majority of the students surveyed ⑤the majority of them are open to;the majority of which are open to
3.①to ②complaints ③complaining ④to complain about/to make a complaint about ⑤not complaint about it to each other
4.①to ②response ③has responded ④respond to/make a response to me ⑤To respond to the pressure from the public;In response to the pressure from the public
5.①rejection ②was rejected ③rejected ④will be rejected
⑤The fear of being rejected
6.①appointed ②was appointed ③appointment ④that she would be appointed to be/as the tour guide ⑤had made an appointment with the dentist;Having made an appointment with the dentist
7.①election ②has been elected ③to work ④I am elected chairman
8.①to be kept ②were tending ③tendency ④where they would be well tended to ⑤are tending to/tend to;More and more people have a tendency/There is a tendency for more and more people
9.①of ②scaring ③scary ④was nearly scared to death
⑤Scared and shocked
10.①with/by ②replacement ③replaced ④that I replaced him as the leading role ⑤was replaced with/by hope and excitement
句型透视
1.①more exciting ②better ③more popular ④have never had a more delicious breakfast ⑤nothing is impossible
2.①than ②came ③had attended ④had gone to the theatre
⑤preferred to; rather than; would rather; than
3.①to journey ②to explain ③to be admitted ④to be built
⑤was the first person to think of;had the ability to help ⑥to go abroad for further study;the best person to be responsible forPeriod Two Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.1.retired 2.kindergarten 3.illustrate 4.clinic
5.decades 6.insurance 7.staff 8.published
9.respond 10.majority
Ⅱ.1.response 2.rejection 3.scared 4.complaints
5.marriage 6.majority 7.election 8.energetic
9.sharply 10.tendency
Ⅲ.1.tend to 2.carried him through 3.have been responsible for 4.in need of 5.at times 6.on your own 7.be replaced with/by
Ⅳ.1.would rather die than give in
2.the first Chinese scientist to be awarded
3.didn’t realize; until
4.nothing is more attractive to me
5.was last seen wandering
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现,故事中的良好道德品质在改变青少年价值观方面发挥积极作用。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Stories can play a role in changing the importance of particular moral values in young audiences, according to the result of a new study.”可知,一项新研究的结果表明,故事可以在改变特定道德价值观对于年轻读者的重要性方面发挥作用,由此可推知故事中的良好道德品质有助于塑造孩子们的价值观,故选B。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中“While many previous studies have focused on broad conceptualisations (概念化), like positive or negative effects of specific content, Hahn’s study looks at how reading the content featuring specific moral values might influence the weight kids place on those values.”(虽然之前的许多研究都集中在宽泛的概念化上,比如特定内容的积极或消极影响,但Hahn的研究着眼于阅读具有特定道德价值观的内容如何影响孩子对那些价值观的重视程度。)可知,本段旨在告诉我们Hahn的研究和以前的研究的区别。故选B。
3.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“For the study, Hahn and her colleagues took the main character from a teenager story and edited the content to reflect in each version (版本) the study’s focus on one of four moral values. A fifth version was changed in a way that featured an amoral main character.”可知,Hahn的团队为这项研究改编了一个人物,并创作了五个故事,故选A。
4.D 推理判断题。根据文章内容,并结合第一段“An important lesson in the moral education of children could be as close as the book in their hands. Stories can play a role in changing the importance of particular moral values in young audiences, according to the result of a new study.”可知,文章主要介绍了一项研究发现,故事中的良好道德品质在改变青少年价值观方面发挥积极作用,与青少年的道德教育有关,故文章可能出自一本教育杂志,故选D。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了几种增强责任感的方法。
1.D 根据下文“It’s also about making proper choices and doing what is right.”中的also about可知,上文应说明“责任是关于什么的”。D项(它不仅仅是关于做作业或喂狗。)与下一句一起说明责任的内涵,符合语境。故选D项。
2.G 根据上文“Irresponsible people often make decisions without realizing how they are affecting others.”可知,上文讲到不负责任的人做出的决定。G项(大多数决定都会影响他人,所以要对自己的选择负责。)补充说明决定的影响,符合语境。故选G项。
3.E 空格处是本段主旨句,应为祈使句。根据下文“Take a time out to look back on what you have said or done, especially after a difficult decision. By reflecting, you give yourself a chance to make better decisions.”可知,本段主要建议要进行反思。E项(暂停并反思你的行为,看看你能把什么做得更好。)符合本段主旨。故选E项。
4.A 根据下文“But it’s something you can handle when you’re a responsible person.”可知,空格处与下文是转折关系。A项(这有时很难做到。)符合语境。故选A项。
5.B 根据段落主旨句“Apologize for any mistake you make.”可知,本段主要建议要为你犯的错误道歉。B项(不要隐瞒你的错误,承认它们。)符合本段主旨。故选B项。
Ⅶ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了儒家经典作品《论语》的主要内容,以及其超越时间流逝在今天依然适用的思想理念。
1.written 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空处作The Analects of Confucius的后置定语,write和The Analects of Confucius在逻辑上是被动关系,且动作已完成,应用write的过去分词形式。故填written。
2.It 考查代词。分析句子可知,空处缺少主语,代指The Analects of Confucius,用it,置于句首,首字母大写。故填It。
3.Representing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,句子主干成分完整,空处作句子的状语,对it作补充说明,represent“代表”和it在逻辑上是主动关系,应用represent的现在分词形式,且空处位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Representing。
4.a 考查冠词。分析句子可知,空处表示泛指,意为“一个”,应用不定冠词,且must的发音以辅音音素开头,应用a。故填a。
5.have occurred 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,空处作句子的谓语,结合has developed可知,时态应保持一致,用现在完成时,且主语huge changes为复数,助动词用have。故填have occurred。
6.which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空处和空前的some of构成“代词+of+关系代词”的结构,引导非限制性定语从句,对先行词ideas作补充说明,先行词指物,关系词代替先行词作of的宾语,应用关系代词which。故填which。
7.confusion 考查名词。to后接不可数名词confusion作宾语。故填confusion。
8.images 考查名词复数。根据Confucius’ students可知,空处填名词复数images作宾语。故填images。
9.as 考查介词。此处用固定短语treat sb as…,意为“将某人视为……”。故填as。
10.further 考查副词比较级。此处用副词比较级further (进一步)作状语,修饰动词enhance。故填further。Period Two Reading and Thinking
Task 1: Text Structure Analysing
Task 2: Fast Reading
The text is mainly about
.
Task 3: Careful Reading
Choose the best answer according to the passage.
( )1.What made Lin Qiaozhi choose to study medicine
A.The tradition.
B.The social stress.
C.Her mother’s death.
D.Her brother’s complaint.
( )2.How can we describe Dr Lin
A.Selfless, kind and hard-working.
B.Brave, careful and good-looking.
C.Honest, generous and easy-going.
D.Confident, friendly and ordinary-looking.
( )3.Why was Lin Qiaozhi known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”
A.She didn’t retire until the day she died.
B.She had delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
C.She left her savings to a kindergarten.
D.She thought nothing was more precious than life.
( )4.Why did Dr Lin open a private clinic according to Para.4
A.To make more money.
B.To do further research.
C.To help poor patients.
D.To stay with her family.
Task 4: Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
As Dr Lin Qiaozhi said, “To a person nothing is 1. (precious) than their life.” These words of her give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and 2. carried her through a life of hard choices.
At age 18, she chose to study medicine instead of following the traditional path of 3. (marry) like the majority of girls. Once she 4. (respond) to her brother’s complaint, “I’d rather stay single 5. (study) all my life!” At age 26,she 6. (hire) as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital immediately after she graduated. After 7. (work) for a few years, she was sent to study abroad, where she 8. (reject) the offer from her foreign colleagues. She wanted to serve the women and children at home. In 1941,she was appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital, but later, the department was closed because of the war. So she opened a private clinic to help the people in need.
The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi 9. (play) a key role. Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known 10. the “mother of ten thousand babies”.
1.carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关
(教材P16)These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her through a life of hard choices.
林巧稚医生的这些话让我们得以看到这位了不起的女性的内心世界,以及到底是什么支撑着她走过充满艰难抉择的一生。
carry through 履行(承诺);进行(到底)
carry sth through 成功完成
carry on 开展;举行;进行(生意、
谈话等)
carry on doing sth/with sth
继续做某事(相当于go on with)
carry out 实施;实行;执行;进行;履行(诺言、义务等)
【活学活用】
◆用carry短语的适当形式填空
①When the tyre blew out, the rules Edna had learned in the driving class her safely.
②After graduating from college, they found time to their travelling plan.
③Once you begin to do something, you must with it; otherwise you will never achieve anything.
◆完成句子
④It was her family members’ company and support those tough years.
正是家人的陪伴和支持才帮助她度过了艰难的那几年。
2.majority n.(the larger number or part of something)大部分;大多数;大半
(教材P16)At age 18,instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls, she chose to study medicine.
在十八岁时,她没有像大多数女孩那样走上婚姻这一传统道路,而是选择了学医。
(1)a/the majority of… 大多数……
be in the/a majority 占多数
(2)major n. 专业课
v. 主修
adj. 主要的;大的;重要的
major in 主修……;以……为专业
(3)minority n. 少数, 少部分
a minority of 少数……
be in the minority 占少数
[温馨提示] (1)“the/a majority of+名词”表示“大多数……”,谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致。
(2)the majority单独作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数皆可。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The (major) of children are missing an opportunity to increase daily physical activity.
②An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members (be) against it.
③The scholarship money she won helped her attend Cornell University, where she majored zoology.
◆完成句子/句式改写
④As can be seen from the pie chart, , about 56%, tended to do homework after school.(应用文写作之图表分析)
从饼图中可以看出,大多数受访学生(约56%)倾向于在放学后做家庭作业。
⑤There are many world-famous museums in London and tourists free of charge.
→There are many world-famous museums in London, tourists free of charge. (用定语从句改写)
伦敦有许多世界闻名的博物馆,其中大部分对游客免费开放。
3.complain vi. & vt. (to say that you are annoyed, unhappy or not satisfied about sb/sth)抱怨;发牢骚
(教材P16)“Why should girls learn so much Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees.
“女孩子读那么多书干吗 找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿!”她的兄弟一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。
(1)complain to sb about/of sth
向/对某人抱怨某事
(2)complaint n. 抱怨,投诉;控告
make a complaint about/against sth/sb
对……的抱怨/控告
【佳句背诵】
We complained to the travel agency about the terrible service during our trip, but no one has responded by now. 我们向旅行社投诉旅行期间的糟糕服务,但到现在为止,没有人回应。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The neighbours have made it clear that if John continues to play rock music deep into the night, they will complain the police.
②Public (complain) about urban noise pollution often fall on deaf ears.
③Many local citizens wrote to the mayor, (complain) that the police were always failing to take adequate measures to contain the growth in crime.
◆完成句子
④I’m writing the poor quality of food and service in your restaurant.
我写信是要对你们餐馆的饭菜和服务的低劣质量提出投诉。(应用文写作之投诉信)
⑤In time of difficulty, what we need is but understanding of each other. 困难的时候,我们需要的不是相互抱怨困难而是互相理解。(读后续写之主旨升华)
4.respond vt.(to give a spoken or written answer to sb/sth)回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应
(教材P16)She responded, “I’d rather stay single to study all my life!”
她回答说:“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人,终身学习!”
(1)respond to 答复……;对……做出反应
(2)response n. 反应;回答,回复
make a response to 对……做出回答/回应
in response to 对……做出反应
【佳句背诵】
In response to the audience’s great demand, the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.
应观众的强烈要求,这部戏将会每周在这个剧院上演两次。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2022·全国乙卷] Their responses the questions reflected their true belief that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.”
②[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful (respond).
③To our disappointment, so far no one (respond) to our complaints about the bad service in the hotel.
◆完成句子/一句多译
④[2020·全国卷Ⅰ应用文写作] Every time I asked him for advice, he would immediately.
每当我向他寻求建议时,他总是立即给我回复。
⑤为了应对来自公众的压力,政府正在采取有效的措施来防止河流受到污染。
→ ,
the government is taking effective measures to prevent the river from being polluted. (respond)
→ ,
the government is taking effective measures to prevent the river from being polluted. (response)
5.reject vt. (to refuse to accept or consider sth)拒绝接受;不录用
(教材P16)Dr Lin, however, rejected the offer.
但是,林医生拒绝了邀请。
(1)reject an argument/a decision/an offer/a suggestion 拒绝接受一个论点/一个决定/一项提议/一个建议
(2)rejection n. 拒绝;拒收;摈弃
【佳句背诵】
After being rejected several times, I finally managed to find a position at a general hospital.
在被拒绝了几次之后,我终于在一家综合医院找到了一个职位。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2023·北京卷] I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the (reject) meant the end of the road for my science career.
②[2023·北京卷] When I (reject) from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult.
③If you find the quality of our products unsatisfactory, we’re prepared to accept the return of the (reject) material within a week.
◆完成句子
④Participants who use false names to make repeat submissions will be disqualified. Overdue submissions .
使用假名重复提交的参赛者将被取消参赛资格。逾期提交的文件将被拒绝。(应用文写作之通知)
⑤Cathy rushed to school and glanced at the list on the notice board anxiously. came to strike again.
凯西匆匆赶到学校,焦急地瞥了一眼布告栏上的名单。害怕被拒绝的恐惧再次袭来。(读后续写之心理描写)
6.appoint vt.(to choose someone officially for a job or responsibility)任命;委派
(教材P16)In 1941,Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital…
1941年,林医生成为北京协和医院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任……
(1)appoint sb (as/to be) sth 任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
(2)appointed adj. 指定的;约定的
(3)appointment n. 任命;约定
make/have an appointment with sb
与某人约会/预约
keep/break an appointment 守/违约
【佳句背诵】
He was appointed as/to be manager of the company. But to everyone’s surprise, he didn’t accept the appointment.
他被任命为公司经理,但出乎所有人的意料,他没有接受这个任命。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2023·北京卷] I turned up at the (appoint) hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest had arrived and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
②After her graduation, the actress (appoint) as a UN Women Goodwill Ambassador.
③In the UK, you cannot go to hospital without an (appoint)when you are sick unless it is an emergency case.
◆完成句子/句式改写
④On hearing the news for some visiting teachers from Ireland, all of us felt excited.
听到她将被任命为一些来自爱尔兰的客座教师的导游的消息,我们所有人都感到兴奋。(应用文写作之祝贺信)
⑤[2021·北京卷书面表达] Because I , I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookstore at the appointed time.
→ ,
I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookstore at the appointed time.(用分词作状语改写)
由于已经预约了牙医,我很抱歉不能在约定的时间陪你去书店。(应用文写作之道歉信)
7.elect vt.(to choose a person for a particular job by voting)选举,推选;(to choose to do a particular thing)选择,决定
(教材P17)In 1954,she was elected to the first National People’s Congress…
1954年,她当选为第一届全国人大代表……
(1)elect to do sth 决定/选择做某事
elect sb (to be/as)… 选某人为……
elect sb president/mayor 选举某人为总统/市长
(2)election n. 选举
[温馨提示] 在“elect+sb+职务”结构中,主席、总统、市长等独一无二的职位前不用任何冠词。
【佳句背诵】
We’ve elected to put off our trip till next Friday, owing to the bad weather.
由于天气不好,我们决定将旅行顺延到下周五。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for (elect).
②It’s the first time that the president (elect) by the public vote in the history of the republic.
③There is a tendency that more and more people elect (work) from home nowadays.
◆完成句子
④On the assumption that of the Student’s Union, I will make every effort to serve for the benefits of students and our club.
假设我当选为学生会主席,我将尽一切努力为学生和我们俱乐部的利益服务。(应用文写作之自荐信)
8.tend vt.(to care for sb/sth)照顾;照料 vi.(to take a particular direction or often have a particular quality)倾向;趋于
(教材P17)She was more interested in tending patients, publishing medical research on care for women and children, and training the next generation of doctors. 她更感兴趣的是照料病人、发表妇幼护理医学研究成果以及培养下一代医生。
(1)tend (to) sb/sth 照顾/护理/看护……
tend to do sth 倾向于/趋于做某事
(2)tendency n. 倾向
There is a tendency (for sb) to do sth.
(某人)倾向于做某事。
have a tendency to do sth 倾向于做某事
【佳句背诵】
People tend to make mistakes under great pressure, as is often the case.
人们在巨大压力之下往往会犯错误,这种情况经常发生。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2021·新高考Ⅱ卷] Cattle tend (keep) in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
②Doctors and nurses (tend) the injured while volunteers were saving those trapped in the building.
③She was sometimes troublesome, stubborn and angry, and had a (tend) to break things when no one understood her.
◆完成句子/一句多译
④After the fire broke out, the injured were immediately sent to the hospital, by doctors and nurses.
火灾发生后,伤者立即被送往医院,在那里他们将得到医生和护士们的精心护理。
⑤越来越多的人倾向于用电脑或者手机看书,而不是到图书馆看书。
→More and more people read books by computer or phone rather than go to the library to read books. (tend vt.)
→ to read books by computer or phone rather than go to the library to read books. (tendency n.)
9.scare vt.(to make a person or animal feel frightened) 惊吓,使害怕 vi. 受惊吓
(教材P17)She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions. 在面试时,她太害怕了以至于完全忘了该如何回答问题。
(1)scare away/off 吓走,吓跑
(2)scared adj. 受惊吓的;感到害怕的
be scared of sb/sth 害怕某人或某事
be scared to do sth 不敢做某事
be scared to death 吓得要死
(3)scary adj. 恐怖的;吓人的
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] Though some are initially scared the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
②The playful child jumped out from behind the door, (scare) his mother half to death.
③Although the film is (scare), it attracts many of my peers to watch.
◆完成句子
④[2020·浙江7月考读后续写] When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us, I .
当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候,我几乎要吓死了。
⑤ , Betty hid herself behind the big tree, holding her breath.
既害怕又震惊, 贝蒂躲在大树后边, 大气都不敢出。(读后续写之心理描写)
10.replace vt.接替;取代;更换
(教材P17)The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary. 学生会将在一月份举行一次特别会议,选举一个人来接替这位秘书。
(1)replace sb/sth with/by sb/sth
用……代替某人/某物
replace sb as… 接替/取代某人作为……
(2)replacement n. 代替
[温馨提示] “代替”的其他表达法:
in place of取代;代替
take sb’s place=take the place of sb取代或代替某人
in one’s place=in place of sb取代或代替某人
【佳句背诵】
In response to public interest, our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance. 为了满足公众的喜好,我们的有氧运动课程已经停开,取而代之的是一些有趣的课程,包括现代舞。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①To live a happy life we are supposed to learn to replace negative thoughts positive thoughts.
②Unless we can find a (replace) for our assistant, the project will not be completed in time.
③We had our roof (replace) yesterday, for it always leaked when it rained.
◆完成句子
④The news in the school drama came as a big shock to the class.
我取代他成为学校话剧的主角的消息使全班同学大为震惊。(读后续写之情绪描写)
⑤Thanks to this honest stranger, the initial self-doubt I had about my decision to study so far away from home .(读后续写之情感描写)
多亏了这个诚实的陌生人,我最初对我决定远离家乡学习的自我怀疑被希望和兴奋所取代。
1.(教材P16) To a person nothing is more precious than their life…对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加宝贵了……
nothing is more…than… 没有比……更……
句型公式
【句式点拨】
“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义。常用否定词no, not, never, nothing等与形容词或副词的比较级连用,表示最高级含义,意为“没有比……更……;没有像……一样……”。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①I enjoyed myself at the party last night because I had never been to a (exciting) one before.
②No one could perform (well) than the athlete who achieved great success in the Winter Olympic Games.
③Mr Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been (popular).
◆完成句子
④[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] “I than this one!”the mother responded excitedly.“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了!”妈妈激动地回答道。
⑤[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] No more words could convey my gratitude to him. It was he who made me realize to a willing heart.再多的话也无法表达我对他的感激之情。正是他让我意识到,对于一颗愿意付出的心来说,没有什么是不可能的。
2.(教材P16) She responded, “I’d rather stay single to study all my life! ” 她回答说:“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人,终身学习!”
would rather do sth 宁愿做某事
句型公式
【句式点拨】
would rather为情态动词短语,后接动词原形或使用虚拟语气的从句。其主要结构及用法如下:
(1)would rather do sth than do sth (=would do sth rather than do sth)宁愿做某事也不愿做某事
(2)would rather (that) sb did sth宁愿某人做某事(表示现在或将来的一种愿望)
(3)would rather (that) sb had done sth宁愿某人做过某事(表示过去的一种愿望)
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train travel by air.
②Tomorrow is my birthday. I would rather she (come) tomorrow.
③We would rather we (attend) the lecture last Saturday.
◆完成句子/一句多译
④I would rather I than stayed at home last night.
我真希望昨天晚上去了剧院而不是待在家里。
⑤[2020·浙江7月考读后续写] 虽然我们非常害怕,但我们宁愿抓起蒜蓉面包扔给熊,而不是开枪。
→Though very frightened, we grab the garlic bread and throw it at the bear shoot it.(prefer)
→Though very frightened, we grab the garlic bread and throw it at the bear shoot it.(would rather)
3.(教材P16) She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
她立即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
the+序数词+n.+不定式 第……个做……的……
句型公式
【句式点拨】
句中不定式修饰the first woman。以下情况中常用不定式作后置定语:
(1)被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时;
(2)不定代词something, nothing, little等后常用不定式作定语;
(3)抽象名词time, way, reason, chance, ability, courage, opportunity, wish等后常用不定式作定语;
(4)被修饰词前有the only, the very, the next等词对其进行修饰时;
(5)表示将要发生的动作时(既有主动形式,又有被动形式)。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step (journey) the Belt and Road route by foot.
②Children are keen on her class, for she has the ability (explain) things clearly and concisely.
③She was the first girl in our school (admit) to Tsinghua University.
④The power station (build) next year will be of great benefit to the people.
◆完成句子
⑤[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] John making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money.He was convinced that he Bernard out of the difficulty.
约翰是第一个想出做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。
⑥I can speak fluent English and I am the only student in my class . There is no doubt that I am the job.
我能说一口流利的英语,而且我是班上唯一一个出国深造的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。(应用文写作之申请信)Period Two Reading and Thinking
●Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.Tired of the city life, my parents settled down in the country after they (退休).
2.The kids learn singing and dancing in the (幼儿园).
3.He quoted some old Chinese sayings to (阐明) his points.
4.Three people were taken to the hospital, while others were treated at a local (诊所).
5.The world’s population has doubled during the last four (十年).
6.As for Mr Porter, he has worked for more than 20 years for that (保险) company.
7.More than half of the workers and (全体职员) members in this factory are women.
8.He wrote many children’s books, half of which were (出版) in the 1990s.
9.She and her colleagues ran an experiment to see how young and old people r to feelings of regret.
10.Historical buildings are both attractive and important to the m of people.
●Ⅱ 单句填空
1.In (respond)to this year’s pollution crisis, the government has taken some steps.
2.When you are confident in yourself, you will be able to face (reject) easily.
3.A true friend is not (scare) to tell you what you’re doing wrong.
4.We received a number of (complain) from customers about the lack of parking facilities.
5.Anna did what she could to keep the (marry) from falling apart.
6.The (major) of them take an online language test before starting their programme.
7.The man received many letters of congratulation after he won the (elect).
8.To stay (energy) and fit, they should keep regular hours and get plenty of exercise.
9.What caused the price of iron to go down (sharp) remains unknown.
10.There is a growing (tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices.
●Ⅲ 短语填空
1.Children that learn an instrument at an early age (易于做) continue it when they are older.
2.It was his faith that (帮助他渡过难关) a difficult time in his life.
3.Local authorities (对……负责) the running of schools in their areas in the past few years.
4.John was badly injured in the car accident and is badly (需要) treatment now.
5.She might be a little bad-tempered (有时), but she was certainly not boring.
6.Why didn’t you ask for help, rather than trying to do it (独立地)
7.It is still under discussion whether the old bus should (被……替代) a modern one or not.
●Ⅳ 句型训练
1.The brave young man to the enemy. (would rather…than…)
这个勇敢的年轻人宁愿死也不愿意向敌人屈服。
2.Tu Youyou is the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. (the first…to…)
屠呦呦是第一位被授予诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的中国科学家。
3.He the book was interesting he finished reading it. (not…until…)
直到他读完这本书,他才意识到这本书很有趣。
4.Since my childhood I have found that than reading. (否定词+比较级) 从儿时起我就发现,没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力。
5.It was said by a witness that the missing boy along the bank of the river.(see sb doing) 据目击者称,这个失踪的男孩最后一次被看见时正在河边闲逛。
●Ⅴ 阅读理解
[2024·陕西渭南高一期中]
An important lesson in the moral education of children could be as close as the book in their hands. Stories can play a role in changing the importance of particular moral values in young audiences, according to the result of a new study.
“Media can greatly influence separate moral values and get kids to place more or less importance on those values depending on what is uniquely stressed in that content,” says Lindsay Hahn, PhD, a professor in the University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences.
Hahn is the first author of the new study, which adds an important part to a body of literature that explores how media content affects children. While many previous studies have focused on broad conceptualisations (概念化), like positive or negative effects of specific content, Hahn’s study looks at how reading the content featuring specific moral values might influence the weight kids place on those values.
Do children reading about particular moral characteristics absorb those qualities as building blocks for their own morality The findings suggest so, and further support how this indirect approach to socializing children’s morality can add to the direct teaching of moral principles kids might receive through formal instruction.
For the study, Hahn and her colleagues took the main character from a teenager story and edited the content to reflect in each version (版本) the study’s focus on one of four moral values. A fifth version was changed in a way that featured an amoral main character. The stories were shared with about 200 participants between the ages of 10 and 14. The team then measured the importance kids place on moral values to find out how participants might be influenced by specific stories.
“Measuring these effects can be difficult,” says Hahn. “That’s why one purpose of this research was to develop a measure of moral values for kids.”
( )1.What can be inferred from the result of the study
A.Good virtues can carry children through hard times.
B.Good morals in stories help shape children’s values.
C.Teaching moral principles directly to kids seems useless.
D.Reading stories is a better approach than formal instructions.
( )2.What does the author try to tell us in Paragraph 3
A.The response of the public to Hahn’s study.
B.The difference between Hahn’s study and previous studies.
C.The big contribution of Hahn’s study to children’s literature.
D.The branches of the research on media influences on children.
( )3.What did Hahn’s team do for the study
A.They adapted a character and created five stories.
B.They tested different moral principles in children.
C.They created a chain story out of an old character.
D.They illustrated the study for younger participants.
( )4.Where does this passage probably come from
A.A textbook.
B.A social report.
C.A medical report.
D.An education magazine.
●Ⅵ 阅读七选五
Responsibility is an admirable character that makes life better for everyone around you. 1. It’s also about making proper choices and doing what is right. Showing responsibility isn’t always easy, but practising and making an effort will help you improve over time.
Think of the consequences before speaking or acting. Bad decisions often lead to a lot of new problems. Many times, you can avoid these problems by thinking about what you’re about to do before you go through with it. Irresponsible people often make decisions without realizing how they are affecting others. 2.
3. Take a time out to look back on what you have said or done, especially after a difficult decision. By reflecting, you give yourself a chance to make better decisions. Consider what goes right, what goes wrong, and what you can do differently next time. Use what you learn to become wiser and more responsible.
Tell the truth to be honest with others. If you’re honest, people will believe you are a responsible person. Try to be as honest as possible. Lying leads to deeper holes in the long run, so admit when you do something wrong. 4. But it’s something you can handle when you’re a responsible person.
Apologize for any mistake you make. No one is perfect, and no matter how responsible you try to be, you might mess up sometimes. 5. If you hurt someone, tell them you are sorry and will do better next time.
A.This can be very tough to do at times.
B.Instead of hiding your mistakes, admit them.
C.Find solutions to problems instead of blaming others.
D.It isn’t only about doing your homework or feeding the dog.
E.Pause and reflect on your actions to see what you can do better.
F.Avoid big lies hurting one’s feelings if you want people to trust you.
G.Most decisions affect other people, so be responsible for your choices.
●Ⅶ 语法填空
[2024·广东省六校高一联考]
The Analects of Confucius (《论语》) records the words and deeds of the ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius, 1. (write) somewhere between the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period more than 2,000 years ago. 2. highlights the political and moral ideas of Confucius and Confucianism.
Ren is a core concept in the book adopted by Confucius with the original meaning of loving others. 3. (represent) a high moral standard, it includes all virtues. Confucius stresses that self-discipline is 4. must for practising the rules of propriety (礼) and achieving ren.
Society has developed greatly and huge changes 5. (occur) as well after the birth of The Analects of Confucius. Nevertheless, it contains lots of ideas beyond the passage of time, some of 6. are still relevant today. For example, Confucius analyses the relationship between learning and thinking by saying that learning without thinking leads to 7. (confuse) while thinking without learning ends in danger. Besides, The Analects of Confucius also vividly shows the 8. (image) of Confucius’ students. Zi Lu is straightforward. Zi Gong is smart, and Yan Hui is mild and capable. Confucius insists on treating students 9. individuals to achieve full potential, which is consistent with some of the modern educational thoughts.
The Analects of Confucius is a fine example of world literature, and the publication of its versions in various languages will 10. (far) enhance cultural exchanges between China and the world. (共118张PPT)
Period Two
Reading and Thinking
课前自主探究
语言知识梳理
练习册
Task 1：Text Structure Analysing
more precious
affected
medicine
graduated
physician
Europe
rejected
was appointed
was elected
delivered
Task 2：Fast Reading
The text is mainly about ____________________________________
______________________________.
the life choices of Lin Qiaozhi and her great contributions to society
Task 3：Careful Reading
Choose the best answer according to the passage.
( ) 1.What made Lin Qiaozhi choose to study medicine
A.The tradition. B.The social stress.
C.Her mother's death. D.Her brother's complaint.
√
( ) 2.How can we describe Dr Lin
A.Selfless, kind and hard-working.
B.Brave, careful and good-looking.
C.Honest, generous and easy-going.
D.Confident, friendly and ordinary-looking.
√
( ) 3.Why was Lin Qiaozhi known as the “mother of ten
thousand babies”
A.She didn't retire until the day she died.
B.She had delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
C.She left her savings to a kindergarten.
D.She thought nothing was more precious than life.
( ) 4.Why did Dr Lin open a private clinic according to Para.4
A.To make more money. B.To do further research.
C.To help poor patients. D.To stay with her family.
√
√
Task 4：Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
As Dr Lin Qiaozhi said, “To a person nothing is
1._______________ (precious) than their life.” These words of her
give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and
2.______ carried her through a life of hard choices.
more precious
what
At age 18, she chose to study medicine instead of
following the traditional path of 3._________ (marry) like the
majority of girls. Once she 4.___________ (respond) to her
brother's complaint, “I'd rather stay single 5._________ (study) all
my life!” At age 26,she 6.__________ (hire) as a resident
physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital
immediately after she graduated. After 7._________ (work) for a
few years, she was sent to study abroad, where she 8._________
(reject) the offer from her foreign colleagues.
marriage
responded
to study
was hired
working
rejected
She wanted to serve the women and children at home. In
1941,she was appointed director of the OB-GYN department of
the PUMC Hospital, but later, the department was closed
because of the war. So she opened a private clinic to help the
people in need.
The new People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi
9.________ (play) a key role. Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,
she was known 10.____ the “mother of ten thousand babies”.
playing
as
1.carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关
(教材P16)These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the
heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her through a
life of hard choices.
林巧稚医生的这些话让我们得以看到这位了不起的女性的内心世界,
以及到底是什么支撑着她走过充满艰难抉择的一生。
carry through 履行(承诺);进行(到底)
carry sth through 成功完成
carry on 开展;举行;进行(生意、谈话等)
carry on doing sth/with sth 继续做某事(相当于go on with)
carry out 实施;实行;执行;进行;履行(诺言、义务等)
【活学活用】
◆用carry短语的适当形式填空
①When the tyre blew out, the rules Edna had learned in the
driving class ________ her _________ safely.
②After graduating from college, they found time to __________
their travelling plan.
③Once you begin to do something, you must _________ with it;
otherwise you will never achieve anything.
carried
through
carry out
carry on
◆完成句子
④It was her family members' company and support
________________________ those tough years.
正是家人的陪伴和支持才帮助她度过了艰难的那几年。
that carried her through
2.majority n.(the larger number or part of something)大部分;大
多数;大半
(教材P16)At age 18,instead of following the traditional path of
marriage like the majority of girls, she chose to study medicine.
在十八岁时,她没有像大多数女孩那样走上婚姻这一传统道路,而是选
择了学医。
(1)a/the majority of… 大多数……
be in the/a majority 占多数
(2)major n. 专业课v. 主修
adj. 主要的;大的;重要的
major in 主修……;以……为专业
(3)minority n. 少数, 少部分
a minority of 少数……
be in the minority 占少数
［温馨提示］(1)“the/a majority of+名词”表示“大多数……”,谓语动
词的数与of后面的名词保持一致。
(2)the majority单独作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数皆可。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The _________ (major) of children are missing an opportunity
to increase daily physical activity.
②An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority
of the committee members ____ (be) against it.
③The scholarship money she won helped her attend Cornell
University, where she majored ___ zoology.
majority
are
in
◆完成句子/句式改写
④As can be seen from the pie chart, ________________________
________________， about 56%, tended to do homework after
school.(应用文写作之图表分析)
从饼图中可以看出，大多数受访学生(约56%)倾向于在放学后做家庭
作业。
the majority of the students surveyed
⑤There are many world-famous museums in London and
_________________________________ tourists free of charge.
→There are many world-famous museums in London,
_________________________________ tourists free of charge.
(用定语从句改写)
伦敦有许多世界闻名的博物馆,其中大部分对游客免费开放。
the majority of them are open to
the majority of which are open to
3.complain vi. & vt. (to say that you are annoyed, unhappy or
not satisfied about sb/sth)抱怨;发牢骚
(教材P16)“Why should girls learn so much Finding a good
husband should be their final goal!” her brother complained,
thinking of the high tuition fees.
“女孩子读那么多书干吗 找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿!”她的兄弟一想
到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。
(1)complain to sb about/of sth 向/对某人抱怨某事
(2)complaint n. 抱怨,投诉;控告
make a complaint about/against sth/sb 对……的抱怨/控告
【佳句背诵】
We complained to the travel agency about the terrible service
during our trip, but no one has responded by now. 我们向旅行
社投诉旅行期间的糟糕服务,但到现在为止,没有人回应。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The neighbours have made it clear that if John continues to
play rock music deep into the night, they will complain ____ the
police.
to
②Public ___________ (complain) about urban noise pollution
often fall on deaf ears.
complaints
③Many local citizens wrote to the mayor, ____________
(complain) that the police were always failing to take adequate
measures to contain the growth in crime.
complaining
◆完成句子
④I'm writing ____________________________________________
the poor quality of food and service in your restaurant.
我写信是要对你们餐馆的饭菜和服务的低劣质量提出投诉。
(应用文写作之投诉信)
to complain about/to make a complaint about
⑤In time of difficulty, what we need is ______________________
______________ but understanding of each other. 困难的时候,我
们需要的不是相互抱怨困难而是互相理解。(读后续写之主旨升华)
not complaint about it to each other
4.respond vt.(to give a spoken or written answer to sb/sth)回答;
回复 vi.做出反应;回应
(教材P16)She responded, “I'd rather stay single to study all my
life!”
她回答说:“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人,终身学习!”
(1)respond to 答复……;对……做出反应
(2)response n. 反应;回答,回复
make a response to 对……做出回答/回应
in response to 对……做出反应
【佳句背诵】
In response to the audience's great demand, the play will be
put on in the theatre twice a week.
应观众的强烈要求,这部戏将会每周在这个剧院上演两次。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2022·全国乙卷] Their responses ____ the questions reflected
their true belief that “I can see you only if you can see me,
too.”
to
②[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] You might think about posting what
you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result
in a useful _________ (respond).
response
③To our disappointment, so far no one _______________
(respond) to our complaints about the bad service in the hotel.
has responded
◆完成句子/一句多译
④[2020·全国卷Ⅰ应用文写作] Every time I asked him for advice,
he would __________________________________ immediately.
每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。
respond to/make a response to me
⑤为了应对来自公众的压力,政府正在采取有效的措施来防止河流受
到污染。
→__________________________________________,the government is taking effective measures to prevent the river from being polluted. (respond)
→__________________________________________,the government is taking effective measures to prevent the river from being polluted. (response)
To respond to the pressure from the public
In response to the pressure from the public
5.reject vt. (to refuse to accept or consider sth)拒绝接受;不录用
(教材P16)Dr Lin, however, rejected the offer.
但是,林医生拒绝了邀请。
(1)reject an argument/a decision/an offer/a suggestion
拒绝接受一个论点/一个决定/一项提议/一个建议
(2)rejection n. 拒绝;拒收;摈弃
【佳句背诵】
After being rejected several times, I finally managed to find a
position at a general hospital.
在被拒绝了几次之后,我终于在一家综合医院找到了一个职位。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2023·北京卷] I had put so much time and emotional energy
into applying, and I thought the _________ (reject) meant the
end of the road for my science career.
rejection
②[2023·北京卷] When I _____________ (reject) from one that
had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult.
was rejected
③If you find the quality of our products unsatisfactory, we're
prepared to accept the return of the _________ (reject) material
within a week.
rejected
◆完成句子
④Participants who use false names to make repeat submissions
will be disqualified. Overdue submissions ________________.
使用假名重复提交的参赛者将被取消参赛资格。逾期提交的文件将
被拒绝。(应用文写作之通知)
will be rejected
⑤Cathy rushed to school and glanced at the list on the notice
board anxiously. __________________________ came to strike
again. 凯西匆匆赶到学校，焦急地瞥了一眼布告栏上的名单。害怕被拒绝的恐惧再次袭来。(读后续写之心理描写)
The fear of being rejected
6.appoint vt.(to choose someone officially for a job or
responsibility)任命;委派
(教材P16)In 1941,Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to
be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC
Hospital…
1941年,林医生成为北京协和医院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任……
(1)appoint sb (as/to be) sth 任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
(2)appointed adj. 指定的;约定的
(3)appointment n. 任命;约定
make/have an appointment with sb 与某人约会/预约
keep/break an appointment 守/违约
【佳句背诵】
He was appointed as/to be manager of the company. But to
everyone's surprise, he didn't accept the appointment.
他被任命为公司经理，但出乎所有人的意料，他没有接受这个任命。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2023·北京卷] I turned up at the ___________ (appoint) hour
for a dinner, only to find that no other guest had arrived and
my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
appointed
②After her graduation, the actress _______________ (appoint) as
a UN Women Goodwill Ambassador.
was appointed
③In the UK, you cannot go to hospital without an
_____________ (appoint)when you are sick unless it is an
emergency case.
appointment
◆完成句子/句式改写
④On hearing the news _____________________________________
______________ for some visiting teachers from Ireland, all of us
felt excited.
听到她将被任命为一些来自爱尔兰的客座教师的导游的消息,我们所
有人都感到兴奋。(应用文写作之祝贺信)
that she would be appointed to be/as the tour guide
⑤[2021·北京卷书面表达] Because I ___________________________
_______________， I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you
to the bookstore at the appointed time.
→____________________________________________，I am terribly
sorry for not accompanying you to the bookstore at the
appointed time.(用分词作状语改写)
由于已经预约了牙医，我很抱歉不能在约定的时间陪你去书店。
(应用文写作之道歉信)
had made an appointment with the dentist
Having made an appointment with the dentist
7.elect vt.(to choose a person for a particular job by voting)选
举,推选;(to choose to do a particular thing)选择,决定
(教材P17)In 1954,she was elected to the first National People's
Congress…
1954年,她当选为第一届全国人大代表……
(1)elect to do sth 决定/选择做某事
elect sb (to be/as)… 选某人为……
elect sb president/mayor 选举某人为总统/市长
(2)election n. 选举
［温馨提示］在“elect+sb+职务”结构中,主席、总统、市长等独一无
二的职位前不用任何冠词。
【佳句背诵】
We've elected to put off our trip till next Friday, owing to the
bad weather.
由于天气不好,我们决定将旅行顺延到下周五。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have the
right to vote and to stand for ________ (elect).
②It's the first time that the president _________________ (elect)
by the public vote in the history of the republic.
③There is a tendency that more and more people elect
_________ (work) from home nowadays.
election
has been elected
to work
◆完成句子
④On the assumption that ________________________ of the
Student's Union, I will make every effort to serve for the
benefits of students and our club.
假设我当选为学生会主席,我将尽一切努力为学生和我们俱乐部的利
益服务。(应用文写作之自荐信)
I am elected chairman
8.tend vt.(to care for sb/sth)照顾;照料 vi.(to take a particular
direction or often have a particular quality)倾向;趋于
(教材P17)She was more interested in tending patients,
publishing medical research on care for women and children,
and training the next generation of doctors. 她更感兴趣的是照料
病人、发表妇幼护理医学研究成果以及培养下一代医生。
(1)tend (to) sb/sth 照顾/护理/看护……
tend to do sth 倾向于/趋于做某事
(2)tendency n. 倾向
There is a tendency (for sb) to do sth.
(某人)倾向于做某事。
have a tendency to do sth 倾向于做某事
【佳句背诵】
People tend to make mistakes under great pressure, as is often
the case.
人们在巨大压力之下往往会犯错误,这种情况经常发生。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2021·新高考Ⅱ卷] Cattle tend ___________ (keep) in remote
places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
②Doctors and nurses _____________ (tend) the injured while
volunteers were saving those trapped in the building.
to be kept
were tending
③She was sometimes troublesome, stubborn and angry, and
had a __________ (tend) to break things when no one
understood her.
tendency
◆完成句子/一句多译
④After the fire broke out, the injured were immediately sent to
the hospital, ___________________________________ by doctors
and nurses.
火灾发生后,伤者立即被送往医院,在那里他们将得到医生和护士们的
精心护理。
where they would be well tended to
⑤越来越多的人倾向于用电脑或者手机看书,而不是到图书馆看书。
→More and more people ______________________ read books
by computer or phone rather than go to the library to read
books. (tend vt.)
→_________________________________________________________
___________________________ to read books by computer or
phone rather than go to the library to read books. (tendency n.)
are tending to/tend to
More and more people have a tendency/There is a tendency for more and more people
9.scare vt.(to make a person or animal feel frightened) 惊吓,使
害怕 vi. 受惊吓
(教材P17)She was so scared during the interview that she
completely forgot how she should respond to the questions.
在面试时,她太害怕了以至于完全忘了该如何回答问题。
(1)scare away/off 吓走,吓跑
(2)scared adj. 受惊吓的;感到害怕的
be scared of sb/sth 害怕某人或某事
be scared to do sth 不敢做某事
be scared to death 吓得要死
(3)scary adj. 恐怖的;吓人的
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] Though some are initially scared ___
the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try
something new.
of
②The playful child jumped out from behind the door, ________
(scare) his mother half to death.
③Although the film is ______ (scare), it attracts many of my
peers to watch.
scaring
scary
◆完成句子
④[2020·浙江7月考读后续写] When I realized that the bear was
coming back to attack us, I __________________________.
当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。
was nearly scared to death
⑤____________________, Betty hid herself behind the big tree,
holding her breath.
既害怕又震惊, 贝蒂躲在大树后边, 大气都不敢出。(读后续写之心
理描写)
Scared and shocked
10.replace vt.接替;取代;更换
(教材P17)The student union will hold a special meeting in
January to elect someone to replace the secretary. 学生会将在一
月份举行一次特别会议,选举一个人来接替这位秘书。
(1)replace sb/sth with/by sb/sth 用……代替某人/某物
replace sb as… 接替/取代某人作为……
(2)replacement n. 代替
［温馨提示］“代替”的其他表达法:
in place of取代;代替
take sb's place=take the place of sb取代或代替某人
in one's place=in place of sb取代或代替某人
【佳句背诵】
In response to public interest, our aerobics class has been
replaced with several fun options, including modern dance.
为了满足公众的喜好,我们的有氧运动课程已经停开,取而代之的是一
些有趣的课程,包括现代舞。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①To live a happy life we are supposed to learn to replace
negative thoughts ________ positive thoughts.
②Unless we can find a ____________ (replace) for our assistant,
the project will not be completed in time.
③We had our roof _________ (replace) yesterday, for it always
leaked when it rained.
with/by
replacement
replaced
◆完成句子
④The news _____________________________________ in the
school drama came as a big shock to the class.
我取代他成为学校话剧的主角的消息使全班同学大为震惊。
(读后续写之情绪描写)
that I replaced him as the leading role
⑤Thanks to this honest stranger, the initial self-doubt I had
about my decision to study so far away from home
_________________________________________.(读后续写之情感
描写)
多亏了这个诚实的陌生人，我最初对我决定远离家乡学习的自我怀
疑被希望和兴奋所取代。
was replaced with/by hope and excitement
1.(教材P16) To a person nothing is more precious than their
life…对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加宝贵了……
句型公式
nothing is more…than… 没有比……更……
【句式点拨】
“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义。常用否定词no, not, never,
nothing等与形容词或副词的比较级连用,表示最高级含义,意为“没有
比……更……;没有像……一样……”。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①I enjoyed myself at the party last night because I had never
been to a ______________ (exciting) one before.
②No one could perform _______ (well) than the athlete who
achieved great success in the Winter Olympic Games.
③Mr Black is very happy because the clothes made in his
factory have never been ______________ (popular).
more exciting
better
more popular
◆完成句子
④[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] “I __________________________
_________________ than this one！”the mother responded
excitedly.“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！”妈妈激动地回答道。
have never had a more delicious breakfast
⑤[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] No more words could convey
my gratitude to him. It was he who made me realize
_____________________ to a willing heart.再多的话也无法表达我
对他的感激之情。正是他让我意识到，对于一颗愿意付出的心来说，
没有什么是不可能的。
nothing is impossible
2.(教材P16) She responded, “I'd rather stay single to study all
my life!” 她回答说:“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人,终身学习!”
句型公式
would rather do sth 宁愿做某事
【句式点拨】
would rather为情态动词短语,后接动词原形或使用虚拟语气的从句。
其主要结构及用法如下:
(1)would rather do sth than do sth (=would do sth rather than
do sth)宁愿做某事也不愿做某事
(2)would rather (that) sb did sth宁愿某人做某事(表示现在或将来
的一种愿望)
(3)would rather (that) sb had done sth宁愿某人做过某事
(表示过去的一种愿望)
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on
the train ______ travel by air.
②Tomorrow is my birthday. I would rather she ______ (come)
tomorrow.
③We would rather we ______________ (attend) the lecture last
Saturday.
than
came
had attended
◆完成句子/一句多译
④I would rather I ________________________ than stayed at
home last night.
我真希望昨天晚上去了剧院而不是待在家里。
had gone to the theatre
⑤[2020·浙江7月考读后续写] 虽然我们非常害怕,但我们宁愿抓起蒜
蓉面包扔给熊,而不是开枪。
→Though very frightened, we _____________ grab the garlic
bread and throw it at the bear ____________ shoot it.(prefer)
→Though very frightened, we _____________ grab the garlic
bread and throw it at the bear ______ shoot it.(would rather)
preferred to
rather than
would rather
than
3.(教材P16) She immediately became the first woman ever to
be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department
of the PUMC Hospital.
她立即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
句型公式
the+序数词+n.+不定式 第……个做……的……
【句式点拨】
句中不定式修饰the first woman。以下情况中常用不定式作后置
定语:
(1)被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修
饰时;
(2)不定代词something, nothing, little等后常用不定式作定语;
(3)抽象名词time, way, reason, chance, ability, courage,
opportunity, wish等后常用不定式作定语;
(4)被修饰词前有the only, the very, the next等词对其进行修饰时;
(5)表示将要发生的动作时(既有主动形式,又有被动形式)。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked 40 days
to Xi'an, as a first step ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road
route by foot.
to journey
②Children are keen on her class, for she has the ability
___________ (explain) things clearly and concisely.
③She was the first girl in our school _______________ (admit)
to Tsinghua University.
④The power station ___________ (build) next year will be of
great benefit to the people.
to explain
to be admitted
to be built
◆完成句子
⑤[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] John _______________________
_______ making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra
money. He was convinced that he ______________________
Bernard out of the difficulty.
约翰是第一个想出做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能
力帮助伯纳德走出困境。
was the first person to think of
had the ability to help
⑥I can speak fluent English and I am the only student in my
class ______________________________. There is no doubt that I
am ____________________________________ the job.
我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一一个出国深造的学生。
毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。(应用文写作之申请信)
to go abroad for further study
the best person to be responsible for
练 习 册
Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.Tired of the city life, my parents settled down in the country
after they _______ (退休).
retired
2.The kids learn singing and dancing in the _____________
(幼儿园).
kindergarten
3.He quoted some old Chinese sayings to _________ (阐明) his
points.
illustrate
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.Three people were taken to the hospital, while others were
treated at a local ______ (诊所).
clinic
5.The world's population has doubled during the last four
_________ (十年).
decades
6.As for Mr Porter, he has worked for more than 20 years for
that __________ (保险) company.
insurance
7.More than half of the workers and _____ (全体职员) members
in this factory are women.
staff
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.He wrote many children's books, half of which were
__________ (出版) in the 1990s.
published
9.She and her colleagues ran an experiment to see how young
and old people r________ to feelings of regret.
espond
10.Historical buildings are both attractive and important to the
m_______ of people.
ajority
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅱ 单句填空
1.In _________ (respond)to this year's pollution crisis, the
government has taken some steps.
response
2.When you are confident in yourself, you will be able to face
_________ (reject) easily.
rejection
3.A true friend is not _______ (scare) to tell you what you're
doing wrong.
scared
4.We received a number of ___________ (complain) from
customers about the lack of parking facilities.
complaints
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5.Anna did what she could to keep the _________ (marry) from
falling apart.
marriage
6.The _________ (major) of them take an online language test
before starting their programme.
majority
7.The man received many letters of congratulation after he won
the ________ (elect).
election
8.To stay __________ (energy) and fit, they should keep regular
hours and get plenty of exercise.
energetic
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9.What caused the price of iron to go down ________ (sharp)
remains unknown.
sharply
10.There is a growing __________ (tend) for people to work at
home instead of in offices.
tendency
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅲ 短语填空
1.Children that learn an instrument at an early age ________
(易于做) continue it when they are older.
tend to
2.It was his faith that ____________________ (帮助他渡过难关) a
difficult time in his life.
carried him through
3.Local authorities _________________________ (对……负责) the
running of schools in their areas in the past few years.
have been responsible for
4.John was badly injured in the car accident and is badly
___________ (需要) treatment now.
in need of
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
5.She might be a little bad-tempered _________ (有时), but she
was certainly not boring.
at times
6.Why didn't you ask for help, rather than trying to do it
_____________ (独立地)
on your own
7.It is still under discussion whether the old bus should
____________________ (被……替代) a modern one or not.
be replaced with/by
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Ⅳ 句型训练
1.The brave young man _____________________________ to the
enemy. (would rather…than…)
这个勇敢的年轻人宁愿死也不愿意向敌人屈服。
would rather die than give in
2.Tu Youyou is _______________________________________ the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. (the first…to…)
屠呦呦是第一位被授予诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的中国科学家。
the first Chinese scientist to be awarded
3.He _____________ the book was interesting _____ he finished
reading it. (not…until…)
直到他读完这本书,他才意识到这本书很有趣。
didn't realize
until
1
2
3
4
5
4.Since my childhood I have found that ______________________
_______________ than reading. (否定词+比较级) 从儿时起我就发
现,没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力。
nothing is more attractive to me
5.It was said by a witness that the missing boy _______________
__________ along the bank of the river.(see sb doing) 据目击者
称,这个失踪的男孩最后一次被看见时正在河边闲逛。
was last seen wandering
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅴ 阅读理解
[2024·陕西渭南高一期中]
An important lesson in the moral education of children
could be as close as the book in their hands. Stories can play a
role in changing the importance of particular moral values in
young audiences, according to the result of a new study.
“Media can greatly influence separate moral values and get
kids to place more or less importance on those values
1
2
3
4
depending on what is uniquely stressed in that content,” says
Lindsay Hahn, PhD, a professor in the University at Buffalo
College of Arts and Sciences.
Hahn is the first author of the new study, which adds an
important part to a body of literature that explores how media
content affects children. While many previous studies have
focused on broad conceptualisations (概念化), like positive or
negative effects of specific content, Hahn's study looks at how
reading the content featuring specific moral values might
influence the weight kids place on those values.
1
2
3
4
Do children reading about particular moral characteristics
absorb those qualities as building blocks for their own morality
The findings suggest so, and further support how this indirect
approach to socializing children's morality can add to the direct
teaching of moral principles kids might receive through formal
instruction.
For the study, Hahn and her colleagues took the main
character from a teenager story and edited the content to
reflect in each version (版本) the study's focus on one of four
1
2
3
4
moral values. A fifth version was changed in a way that
featured an amoral main character. The stories were shared with
about 200 participants between the ages of 10 and 14. The
team then measured the importance kids place on moral values
to find out how participants might be influenced by specific
stories.
“Measuring these effects can be difficult,” says Hahn. “That's
why one purpose of this research was to develop a measure of
moral values for kids.”
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【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现,故事中的
良好道德品质在改变青少年价值观方面发挥积极作用。
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( ) 1.What can be inferred from the result of the study
A.Good virtues can carry children through hard times.
B.Good morals in stories help shape children's values.
C.Teaching moral principles directly to kids seems useless.
D.Reading stories is a better approach than formal instructions.
√
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Stories can play a role in
changing the importance of particular moral values in young
audiences, according to the result of a new study.”可知,一项新研
究的结果表明,故事可以在改变特定道德价值观对于年轻读者的重要
性方面发挥作用,由此可推知故事中的良好道德品质有助于塑造孩子
们的价值观,故选B。
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( ) 2.What does the author try to tell us in Paragraph 3
A.The response of the public to Hahn's study.
B.The difference between Hahn's study and previous studies.
C.The big contribution of Hahn's study to children's literature.
D.The branches of the research on media influences on children.
√
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段中“While many previous studies
have focused on broad conceptualisations (概念化), like positive
or negative effects of specific content, Hahn's study looks at
how reading the content featuring specific moral values might
influence the weight kids place on those values.”(虽然之前的许多
研究都集中在宽泛的概念化上,比如特定内容的积极或消极影响,但
Hahn的研究着眼于阅读具有特定道德价值观的内容如何影响孩子对
那些价值观的重视程度。)可知,本段旨在告诉我们Hahn的研究和以
前的研究的区别。故选B。
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( ) 3.What did Hahn's team do for the study
A.They adapted a character and created five stories.
B.They tested different moral principles in children.
C.They created a chain story out of an old character.
D.They illustrated the study for younger participants.
√
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[解析] 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“For the study, Hahn and
her colleagues took the main character from a teenager story
and edited the content to reflect in each version (版本) the
study's focus on one of four moral values. A fifth version was
changed in a way that featured an amoral main character.”可
知,Hahn的团队为这项研究改编了一个人物,并创作了五个故事,故选A。
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( ) 4.Where does this passage probably come from
A.A textbook. B.A social report.
C.A medical report. D.An education magazine.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章内容,并结合第一段“An important
lesson in the moral education of children could be as close as
the book in their hands. Stories can play a role in changing the
importance of particular moral values in young audiences,
according to the result of a new study.”可知,文章主要介绍了一项
研究发现,故事中的良好道德品质在改变青少年价值观方面发挥积极
作用,与青少年的道德教育有关,故文章可能出自一本教育杂志,故选D。
√
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Ⅵ 阅读七选五
Responsibility is an admirable character that makes life
better for everyone around you. 1.___ It's also about making
proper choices and doing what is right. Showing responsibility
isn't always easy, but practising and making an effort will help
you improve over time.
Think of the consequences before speaking or acting. Bad
decisions often lead to a lot of new problems. Many times, you
can avoid these problems by thinking about what you're about
D
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to do before you go through with it. Irresponsible people often
make decisions without realizing how they are affecting others.
2.___
G
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3.___ Take a time out to look back on what you have said
or done, especially after a difficult decision. By reflecting, you
give yourself a chance to make better decisions. Consider what
goes right, what goes wrong, and what you can do differently
next time. Use what you learn to become wiser and more
responsible.
Tell the truth to be honest with others. If you're honest,
people will believe you are a responsible person. Try to be as
honest as possible. Lying leads to deeper holes in the long run,
E
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so admit when you do something wrong. 4.___ But it's
something you can handle when you're a responsible person.
Apologize for any mistake you make. No one is perfect,
and no matter how responsible you try to be, you might mess
up sometimes. 5.___ If you hurt someone, tell them you are
sorry and will do better next time.
A
B
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A.This can be very tough to do at times.
B.Instead of hiding your mistakes, admit them.
C.Find solutions to problems instead of blaming others.
D.It isn't only about doing your homework or feeding the dog.
E.Pause and reflect on your actions to see what you can do
better.
F.Avoid big lies hurting one's feelings if you want people to
trust you.
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G.Most decisions affect other people, so be responsible for your
choices.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了几种增强责任感
的方法。
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1.___
D
[解析] 根据下文“It's also about making proper choices and
doing what is right.”中的also about可知,上文应说明“责任是关于什
么的”。D项(它不仅仅是关于做作业或喂狗。)与下一句一起说明责任
的内涵,符合语境。故选D项。
2.___
G
[解析] 根据上文“Irresponsible people often make decisions
without realizing how they are affecting others.”可知,上文讲到不
负责任的人做出的决定。G项(大多数决定都会影响他人,所以要对自
己的选择负责。)补充说明决定的影响,符合语境。故选G项。
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3.___
E
[解析] 空格处是本段主旨句,应为祈使句。根据下文“Take a time
out to look back on what you have said or done, especially
after a difficult decision. By reflecting, you give yourself a
chance to make better decisions.”可知,本段主要建议要进行反思。
E项(暂停并反思你的行为,看看你能把什么做得更好。)符合本段主旨。
故选E项。
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4
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4.___
A
[解析] 根据下文“But it's something you can handle when you're
a responsible person.”可知,空格处与下文是转折关系。A项
(这有时很难做到。)符合语境。故选A项。
5.___
B
[解析] 根据段落主旨句“Apologize for any mistake you make.”可
知,本段主要建议要为你犯的错误道歉。B项(不要隐瞒你的错误,承认
它们。)符合本段主旨。故选B项。
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Ⅶ 语法填空
[2024·广东省六校高一联考]
The Analects of Confucius (《论语》) records the words and
deeds of the ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius, 1.________
(write) somewhere between the Spring and Autumn Period and
the Warring States Period more than 2,000 years ago. 2.___
highlights the political and moral ideas of Confucius and
Confucianism.
written
It
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Ren is a core concept in the book adopted by Confucius
with the original meaning of loving others. 3._____________
(represent) a high moral standard, it includes all virtues.
Confucius stresses that self-discipline is 4.___ must for practising
the rules of propriety (礼) and achieving ren.
Society has developed greatly and huge changes
5.______________ (occur) as well after the birth of The Analects
of Confucius. Nevertheless, it contains lots of ideas beyond the
passage of time, some of 6._______ are still relevant today.
Representing
a
have occurred
which
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For example, Confucius analyses the relationship between
learning and thinking by saying that learning without thinking
leads to 7.__________ (confuse) while thinking without learning
ends in danger. Besides, The Analects of Confucius also vividly
shows the 8.________ (image) of Confucius' students. Zi Lu is
straightforward. Zi Gong is smart, and Yan Hui is mild and
capable. Confucius insists on treating students 9.____ individuals
to achieve full potential, which is consistent with some of the
modern educational thoughts.
confusion
images
as
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The Analects of Confucius is a fine example of world
literature, and the publication of its versions in various
languages will 10.________ (far) enhance cultural exchanges
between China and the world.
further
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10
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了儒家经典作品《论
语》的主要内容，以及其超越时间流逝在今天依然适用的思想理念。
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1.________
written
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处作The Analects of
Confucius的后置定语，write和The Analects of Confucius在逻辑上
是被动关系，且动作已完成，应用write的过去分词形式。故填
written。
2.___
It
[解析] 考查代词。分析句子可知，空处缺少主语，代指The
Analects of Confucius，用it，置于句首，首字母大写。故填It。
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3._____________
Representing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处
作句子的状语，对it作补充说明，represent“代表”和it在逻辑上是主
动关系，应用represent的现在分词形式，且空处位于句首，首字母
需大写。故填Representing。
4.___
a
[解析] 考查冠词。分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一个”，应
用不定冠词，且must的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
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5.______________
have occurred
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓
语，结合has developed可知，时态应保持一致，用现在完成时，且
主语huge changes为复数，助动词用have。故填have occurred。
6._______
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处和空前的some of构成
“代词+of+关系代词”的结构，引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词
ideas作补充说明，先行词指物，关系词代替先行词作of的宾语，应
用关系代词which。故填which。
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7.__________
confusion
[解析] 考查名词。to后接不可数名词confusion作宾语。故填
confusion。
8.________
images
[解析] 考查名词复数。根据Confucius' students可知，空处填名词复
数images作宾语。故填images。
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9.____
as
[解析] 考查介词。此处用固定短语treat sb as…，意为“将某人视
为……”。故填as。
10.________
further
[解析] 考查副词比较级。此处用副词比较级further (进一步)作状语，
修饰动词enhance。故填further。
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