Period Three Discovering Useful Structures
语法归纳
【自我归纳】
状语从句;主语;there be句型
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.to leave 2.Losing 3.exposed 4.invited
5.warned 6.walking 7.ever 8.to 9.(should) go 10.feel
●Ⅱ 1.If not 2.when wandering around 3.What an unforgettable journey 4.to speak 5.If possiblePeriod Three Discovering Useful Structures
Ⅰ.1.burned/burnt 2.so 3.not 4.accepted
5.to meet 6.told 7.introduced 8.travelling
9.financial 10.unfolding
Ⅱ.1.whether right or wrong 2.not to 3.I believe not/I don’t think so 4.If given 5.if any
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了每年九月在英国怀特岛上举行的夏季音乐节盛会。
1.takes 考查动词时态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语,时间状语为every September,此处在描述经常性的情况,时态应用一般现在时,主语是it,take需用第三人称单数形式。故填takes。
2.to have 考查非谓语动词。chance后常接不定式作定语,表示“做某事的机会”。故填to have。
3.which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,对先行词boat进行补充说明,先行词指物,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4.up 考查介词。根据语境可知,此处用固定短语put up,表示“搭起,搭建”。故填up。
5.openly 考查副词。分析句子可知,空处修饰谓语动词talk,应用副词openly,意为“公开地,坦白地”。故填openly。
6.worries 考查名词复数。分析句子可知,空处和后面的problems并列,作forget的宾语,worry在此意为“令人担忧的事”,为可数名词,结合空前的all可知,应用worry的复数形式。故填worries。
7.it 考查固定句型。此处为固定句型“find it+形容词+to do sth”,意为“发现做某事……”,其中it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式。故填it。
8.ourselves 考查代词。此处为固定短语lose oneself in,意为“沉浸于”,空处应用we的反身代词形式。故填ourselves。
9.sung 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空处作We Are Family的后置定语,用非谓语动词,sing和We Are Family是逻辑上的被动关系,应用sing的过去分词形式。故填sung。
10.joining 考查非谓语动词。look forward to表示“期盼”,其中to是介词,后接动名词形式作宾语。故填joining。
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章说明了文化是把人们联系在一起的无形纽带,并分别从认识、行为、性格三个具体方面谈论了文化对人的影响。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段“People who belong to cultures that promote individualism tend to look at only the main aspects of a situation, while those of a culture that promotes collectivism tend to consider even the minor details.”可知,在推崇或倡导集体主义的文化中,人们考虑问题时会思考非常细微的方面。故选B。
2.C 词义猜测题。根据第三段“Moreover, our environment, which has cultural influences, shapes our behaviour.”以及画线词上文“In a society where boys are discouraged from crying, men think of it as…”可知,文化影响人们的行为,即如果一种社会文化不鼓励男孩子哭,那么男性就会把哭当成一种奇怪的行为,故画线词表示“奇怪的”。故选C。
3.D 段落大意题。根据最后一段“Group culture determines the behavioural norms for a group. To be accepted as a part of the group…or those treated as inferior may grow up to be submissive.”可知,最后一段主要讲了文化对个性的影响。故选D。
4.A 推理判断题。根据第二段“How we perceive things is largely affected by our judgement skills, preconceived notions, attitudes, and emotions.”和第三段“Culture affects perception, and perception drives behaviour.”以及最后一段“Our culture defines people’s expectations from us. In the attempt to fulfill them, we shape our behaviour and personality to suit our culture.”可知,文章通过举例,分别从认识、行为、性格三个具体方面谈论了文化对人的影响。故可推知,文章主要通过举例进行展开。故选A。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了九寨沟的一些受欢迎的景点。
1.E 根据前文“Jiuzhaigou National Park is located in the mountainous region of southwest China.”和后文“Here are some of the park’s most popular attractions.”可知,空处应讲述九寨沟国家公园里有许多景点,E项“这里充满了自然奇观,是联合国教科文组织公认的遗产地。”符合题意,it指代前面的Jiuzhaigou National Park。故选E。
2.D 根据小标题“Colourful lakes”可知,这里讲述的是九寨沟五颜六色的湖,再根据后文“Presenting colours of yellow, green and brown, these lakes look like colourful silk cloth.”可知,空处讲述的应是这里的湖会出现不同颜色,D项“随着季节的变化,它们呈现出不同的颜色。”符合题意,they指代前文的lakes。故选D。
3.F 根据前文“The most famous lake in the park is Five Flower Lake, also known as Peacock Lake.”可知,空处应进一步介绍五花海的特征,F项“这是一个浅湖,湖底覆盖着古老的倒下的树木枝干。”符合题意。故选F。
4.A 根据前文“Pearl Shoal Waterfall is considered the park’s most beautiful waterfall.”可知,空处应进一步介绍该瀑布的特征,A项“它也相当宽。”符合题意,且与前面对诺日朗瀑布的描述相呼应。故选A。
5.G 前文“During the cold winter months, waterfalls in the park freeze. This results in a beautiful show of ice curtains, ice sheets, and ice balls. What’s truly unique about this phenomenon is that the light changes the ice into a clear blue.”讲述了冬季的瀑布结冰后的美丽现象,空处应进一步讲述产生这种现象的时间,G项“这种景象每年只出现大约十天,在1月下旬到2月初之间。”符合题意。故选G。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了莫斯科是个不错的旅游目的地,并重点介绍了红场。
1.D 结合空后宾语Russian culture和搭配的first-hand可知,此处指亲身经历俄罗斯文化。故选D。remember记住;create创造;record记录;experience体验。
2.C 结合下文内容可知,文中着重介绍了莫斯科红场,且主要从其文化和历史背景方面展开,所以此处是“如果你是一个历史爱好者”。故选C。nature自然;festival节日;history历史; tradition传统。
3.C 本段开始具体介绍俄罗斯的一些景点,Red Square明显是包含在其中的一部分。故选C。 mean意味着; find发现; include包括; require要求。
4.A 联系下文列举的克里姆林宫等建筑可知,此处指站在红场上可以看到诸多莫斯科的著名建筑。故选A。 building建筑; street街道;brick砖;celebration庆祝活动。
5.D 由flower一词可知,应搭配planted,字面上表示“种植花朵”,实际上意为“建造(花朵般的)穹顶”。故选D。water浇水;cover覆盖;hide躲藏;plant种植。
6.C 联系下文可知,该段主要介绍红场名字的由来。故选C。shape形状;size尺寸;name名字;future未来。
7.C 由“…Red Square means ‘Beautiful Square’.”可推断,这里要表达古俄语中表示red和beautiful的词是相同的。故选C。 unknown未知的;right正确的;same相同的;opposite相反的。
8.C 由前文描述的俄罗斯的城市布局可推断,红场就是莫斯科的中央广场。故选C。 public公开的;main主要的;central中央的;only唯一的。
9.A 结合句意可知,空后的the symbolic centre与前面的the central square应当并列在句中作表语,故应使用as well as连接两个并列成分。故选A。
10.B 结合空后的时间the 1490s及后面的时间状语从句可推断,此处指其历史追溯到十五世纪九十年代。故选B。 face up to直面,正视;date back to追溯到;give way to让位于;look forward to期待。
11.B 根据主语是businessmen可知,此处指商人们汇聚在红场进行贸易活动。故选B。 visit拜访; trade从事贸易; live居住; study学习。
12.B 结合本段内容都是在围绕红场进行描述可知,此处指在重大节日时,这里会有许多庆典活动,将广场变为露天的聚集场所。故选B。 museum博物馆; square广场;market市场;state州。
13.C 根据语境可知,此处指游客们前去红场欣赏其美丽的建筑和历史。故选C。 accept接受;check检查;appreciate欣赏,感激;miss错过。
14.D 在红场旁边还有许多风景名胜。place of interest意为“风景名胜”。
15.D 如果你来欧洲游玩,不要忘记来亲自看看红场。with one’s own eyes意为“亲眼看到”。Period Three Discovering Useful Structures
【语法图解】
【探究发现】
1.Though tired, they went on working.
2.Doesn’t matter.
3.(教材P28)This district used to be a poor area of town, but is now a centre for art, music, and food.
4.(教材P28)A real mix of cultures here!
5.Hope to hear from you soon.
【自我归纳】
上述句子中,1为 的省略;2,3,5为省略 ;4为 的省略。
【语法详解】
为了避免重复,将句子中的一个或几个成分省去,这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。英语中的省略有下列几种情况。
一、简单句的省略
1.省略主语
祈使句中的主语通常被省略。 如:
(You) Open the door, please. 请开一下门。
其他省略主语多限于现成的说法。如:
(I) Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。
2.省略主语和谓语,或主语和谓语的一部分
(Is there) Anything else 还有其他事吗
(You come) This way, please.请这边走。
3.省略宾语
—Do you know Mr Li
—I don’t know (him).
“你认识李先生吗 ” “我不认识他。”
4.省略表语
—Are you thirsty
—Yes, I am (thirsty).
“你口渴吗 ”“是的,我渴了。”
5.同时省略几个成分
—Are you feeling better now
—(I am feeling) Much better.
“你现在觉得好些了吗 ” “我感觉好很多。”
二、并列句中的省略
在由and或but连接的并列句中,常省略一些重复的词或词组。
He went out of the room and (he) closed the door.
他走出房间,关上门。
Sam must have been playing football at that time, and his sister (must have been) playing the piano.
那时萨姆一定在踢足球,而他妹妹一定在弹钢琴。
The news made me angry, but (the news made) John happy.这条消息使我生气,却让约翰高兴。
三、复合句中的省略
1.宾语从句的省略
(1)宾语从句中,连接词that常省略,但当有多个并列宾语从句时,只能省略第一个that。
He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
他说这篇课文很重要,我们应该牢记在心。
(2)when, where, how等引导的宾语从句可以仅保留引导词。
I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don’t know when (he will come to our city).
我知道一个电影明星要来我们城市,但我不知道他什么时候来。
2.状语从句的省略
表示条件、时间、地点、方式或让步等的状语从句的谓语含有be动词,且从句的主语又和主句的主语一致,或者从句主语是it时,常把从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。
When (it is) necessary, I will turn to you for help.必要的时候我会向你求助。
Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the street.过街时要当心车辆。
3.定语从句中的省略
若引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语,该关系代词一般可省略。
The car(which/that) his father gave him as a birthday present was stolen.
他父亲送给他作为生日礼物的那辆汽车被盗了。
四、几种特殊的省略
1.比较结构的省略
在“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构中和由than和as引导的比较句式中,常会有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。
The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).
(你做得)越快(结果就会)越好。
They don’t use more water than (it is) necessary.
他们使用的水没有超出需要量。
2.不定式的省略
(1)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to,但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时,不省略to。
The book is intended to be read and not (to) be torn.
这本书是供人阅读的而不是供人撕毁的。
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.
新技术的目的是要让生活更轻松自在,而不是让生活更困难。
(2)某些使役动词(如:make,let,have等)和感官动词(如:see,watch,notice,observe等)后面作宾补的不定式须省略to,但若这些动词用于被动语态,则to不省略。
My mother wouldn’t let me go to see the film.
我妈妈不会让我去看那部电影的。
The boy was seen to play the piano yesterday evening.
昨晚那个男孩被看到在弹钢琴。
(3)不定式to后面的内容也可承前省略,此时所省略的成分相当于do so,但一定要有上下文语境。倘若承前省略的不定式含有作助动词用的have,be的任何形式,to后要保留原形have或be。
I would do it for you, but I don’t know how to (do it for you).
我愿意为你做这件事,但是我不知道怎么去做。
She has succeeded in the final examination, but in fact, she ought to have (succeeded in the final examination).
她在期末考试中取得了成功,而实际上,她本就该获得成功。
(4)介词but,except(除了)前有实义动词do的具体形式时,后面的不定式不带to。
All he could do was nothing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等着瞧。
(5)当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时,用作表语的不定式可以省略to。
The only thing to do now is (to) go on.
前进是现在唯一的出路。
3.虚拟语气中的省略
(1)虚拟条件句常省略if,而将were,had,should 提前,构成部分倒装。
Had you come here yesterday, you would have met her.=If you had come here yesterday, you would have met her.
如果你昨天来这儿的话,你就会见到她了。
(2)动词 advise, suggest(建议),propose, demand, insist(坚持要求),require,command,recommend, order 等后的宾语从句及“It is…that…”主语从句中常省略表虚拟语气的should。
We insisted that they (should) go with us.
我们坚持要求他们和我们一起走。
It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.
有人建议我们去看这部电影。
4.介词的省略
(1)在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略,如:spend time/money (in) doing sth; have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth; prevent/stop sb (from) doing sth。
She spends half an hour (in) doing some reading every day. 她每天花半个小时读书。
I have some trouble (in) learning English.
我学英语有些困难。
(2)表示时间的介词at, on和in用在next, last, this, each, these, yesterday, every, tomorrow 等词之前,一般可省略。
We have a final exam (in) every term.
每学期我们都举行一次期末考试。
5.使用so,not等的省略
英语中,可以使用so,not 或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
—Can I put my bike here
—You’d better not.
“我可以把自行车放在这儿吗 ”
“你最好不要。”
—Do you think our team will win
—I think so.
“你认为我们队会赢吗 ” “我认为是这样。”
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.He was often noticed (leave) the office after work.
2.—What do you suppose made her worried
— (lose) a new cellphone.
3.Children, when (expose) to an English-speaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily.
4.Mary won’t attend the party even if (invite).
5.Though (warn) again and again, the young man still drove after drinking, leading to his being fined.
6.While (walk) along the street, I heard my name called.
7.She seldom, if , goes to the movie theatre.
8.The boy used to play with the knife though his father told him not .
9.Some classmates suggest they (go) to nearby places of interest.
10.Her words made me (feel) happier than before.
●Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.You’d better get up early tomorrow. , you will miss the school bus.
你明天最好早点起床,否则,你就赶不上校车了。
2.You should be careful Angel Island.
当你漫步在天使岛时, 你要小心。
3. —a journey to experience and explore Chinatown.
多么令人难忘的一次旅途——一次体验和探索唐人街之旅。
4.He opened his mouth as if .
他张开嘴好像要说话。
5. , I strongly recommend that you come to Wenzhou for a visit and try the delicious food in Wenzhou. 如果可以,我强烈推荐你来温州游玩,并且来尝尝温州的美食。 Period Three Discovering Useful Structures
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.If (burn) severely, he should be given some first aid immediately.
2.Will you celebrate the coming New Year If , I hope you will have a wonderful time.
3.Ask her if it is a convenient time. If , can she suggest another possible time
4.If (accept) for this post, you will be informed within a week.
5.He rushed out of the room as if (meet) some important person.
6.The boss should be responsible for the accident because the workers just carried out the order as (tell).
7.When first (introduce) to the market, these products enjoyed a lot of success.
8.If (travel) north, you must change at Beijing.
9.After continuous attempts, Columbus received (finance) support from the King and Queen of Spain.
10.Canada is like a blooming flower, (unfold) with breathtaking beauty and richness to win the heart of those who enjoy what it has to offer.
●Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.His opinion, , would be considered.
他的意见,无论是对是错,都会被考虑。
2.Tom wanted to play football with his friends in the street, but his father told him .
汤姆想和他的朋友在街上踢足球,但他父亲告诉他不要这么做。
3.—Do you think Jack is going to watch a football match this weekend
— .
“你觉得杰克这周末会去看足球比赛吗 ”
“我想不会。”
4. the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.
如果再给他同样的治疗,他一定会好起来的。
5.There are few people nowadays, , who remember him.
现在记得他的人,如果有的话,也不多了。
●Ⅲ 语篇填空
If you are really interested in music, you’ve probably heard of the Bestival Music Festival. It 1. (take) place every September on the Isle of Wight, the UK. As it is at the end of summer, people think it’s their last chance 2. (have) fun before going back to boring work.
In order to get to the campsite of the Bestival, you have to take a boat called ferry, 3. is always crowded with happy festival lovers. After you arrive at the campsite, you can put 4. your tent. There people talk with each other 5. (open).
The festival lasts four days. During that time, you forget all your 6. (worry) and problems, just like living in a dream. And you’ll find 7. really hard to come back to “reality” after that.
I took part in the Bestival with my friends last year. It was so exciting and we all lost 8. (we) in the beautiful music. We Are Family 9. (sing) by Sister Sledge was my favourite. I’m really looking forward to 10. (join) in it for a second time.
●Ⅳ 阅读理解
Culture is the invisible bond which ties people together. The art, literature, language, and religion of a community represent its culture. The importance of culture lies in its close association with the ways of thinking and living. Differences in cultures have led to a diversity in the people from different parts of the world.
How we perceive things is largely affected by our judgement skills, preconceived notions, attitudes, and emotions. These factors are closely linked with our culture. In perceiving something as good or bad, our biases play a role and so does our way of thinking. People who belong to cultures that promote individualism tend to look at only the main aspects of a situation, while those of a culture that promotes collectivism tend to consider even the minor details. People of Eastern cultures perceive success as being a collective effort, while those of the American culture perceive it as the fruit of individual effort.
Culture affects perception, and perception drives behaviour. Thus, the culture we belong to has a direct impact on our behaviour. Moreover, our environment, which has cultural influences, shapes our behaviour. In a society where boys are discouraged from crying, men think of it as an odd gesture.
Group culture determines the behavioural norms for a group. To be accepted as a part of the group, we tend to follow what the group decides for us. Influenced by the norms or rules laid out by our culture, we act in accordance with them. Our culture defines people’s expectations from us. In the attempt to fulfill them, we shape our behaviour and personality to suit our culture. Our religion, traditions, customs, all a part of our culture, play a major role in shaping our personalities. In a culture where children are taught to be independent early in life, they grow up to be individualistic. In a culture where boys and girls are not treated as equal, children may become aggressive and look at the opposite gender as their enemy, or those treated as inferior may grow up to be submissive.
( )1.What do people tend to do if they belong to a culture that promotes collectivism
A.Ignore all unimportant aspects.
B.Think about as many details as possible.
C.View success as a result of individual effort.
D.Blame their own failure on others.
( )2.What does the underlined word “odd” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Harmless. B.Acceptable.
C.Strange. D.Interesting.
( )3.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A.The ways of educating children.
B.The diversity of personalities.
C.The behavioural norms of a certain group.
D.The influence of culture on personalities.
( )4.How is the passage mainly developed
A.By providing examples.
B.By making comparisons.
C.By following the order of time.
D.By following the order of importance.
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·福州九县(市、区)一中高一期中联考]
Jiuzhaigou National Park is located in the mountainous region of southwest China. 1. Here are some of the park’s most popular attractions.
Colourful lakes
The lakes in Jiuzhaigou National Park are clear all year round. 2. Presenting colours of yellow, green and brown, these lakes look like colourful silk cloth.
The most famous lake in the park is Five Flower Lake, also known as Peacock Lake. 3. Other popular lakes in the park include Panda Lake, Mirror Lake, and Reed Lake.
Fascinating waterfalls
Jiuzhaigou is home to some of the most breathtaking waterfalls in China, including the must-see Nuorilang Waterfall and Pearl Shoal Waterfall.
Nuorilang Waterfall is the widest waterfall in China. It measures 270 metres in width and covers a height of 2,365 metres. Pearl Shoal Waterfall is considered the park’s most beautiful waterfall. 4. A unique feature of this waterfall is its shoal face. When water runs over it, it reflects the bright sunshine, much like pearls do.
Blue ice & snow-capped mountains
During the cold winter months, waterfalls in the park freeze. This results in a beautiful show of ice curtains, ice sheets, and ice balls. What’s truly unique about this phenomenon is that the light changes the ice into a clear blue. 5.
Apart from the impressive blue ice throughout the park, there is also plenty of snow covering the valley in winter. What Jiuzhaigou is well-known for, however, is its snow-capped mountains which silently guard this dream-like valley.
A.It is also fairly wide.
B.The lake isn’t the best habitat for birds.
C.These waterfalls seem to be much more beautiful.
D.As the seasons change, they take on different colours.
E.It is full of natural wonders and is a recognized UNESCO Heritage Site.
F.It is a shallow lake whose bottom is covered with ancient fallen tree parts.
G.The view only occurs for about ten days a year, between late January and early February.
●Ⅵ 完形填空
[2024·河南郑州高一期中]
If you’ve never been to Moscow, you should go and see this fantastic city. There, you can 1 Russian culture first-hand, especially if you are a 2 lover.
One of the many exciting parts 3 the famous Red Square that has a magical effect on all visitors to Moscow. From Red Square, you can see the most important 4 in the capital: the Kremlin, the State Historical Museum and of course, the Saint Basil’s Cathedral with domes (穹顶) that look like a beautiful stone flower 5 by the architects of the 16th century.
Not many people realize that Red Square’s 6 has nothing to do with Communism (共产主义) or Soviet Russia. The Old Russian word for “beautiful” and “red” was the 7 ; Red Square means “Beautiful Square”. All major streets in Moscow radiate (向周围伸展) from here, and Red Square is the 8 square of Moscow 9 the symbolic centre of all Russia. Its history 10 the 1490s when a new red-brick Kremlin was built. Businessmen from all over the world came to 11 here and the square became a big market. On days of great festivals, there were many celebrations here, turning the 12 into an open-air gathering (聚集) place.
Moscow’s tourists travel to Red Square to 13 its beautiful architecture and history. Besides the square, there are so many places of 14 in this beautiful city. If you are visiting Europe, don’t forget to see Red Square with your own 15 .
( )1.A.remember B.create
C.record D.experience
( )2.A.nature B.festival
C.history D.tradition
( )3.A.means B.finds
C.includes D.requires
( )4.A.buildings B.streets
C.bricks D.celebrations
( )5.A.watered B.covered
C.hidden D.planted
( )6.A.shape B.size
C.name D.future
( )7.A.unknown B.right
C.same D.opposite
( )8.A.public B.main
C.central D.only
( )9.A.as well as B.as soon as
C.as long as D.as far as
( )10.A.faces up to B.dates back to
C.gives way to D.looks forward to
( )11.A.visit B.trade
C.live D.study
( )12.A.museum B.square
C.market D.state
( )13.A.accept B.check
C.appreciate D.miss
( )14.A.creativity B.business
C.power D.interest
( )15.A.car B.friends
C.mind D.eyes(共74张PPT)
Period Three
Discovering Useful Structures
语法归纳
练习册
【语法图解】
【探究发现】
1.Though tired, they went on working.
2.Doesn't matter.
3.(教材P28)This district used to be a poor area of town, but is
now a centre for art, music, and food.
4.(教材P28)A real mix of cultures here!
5.Hope to hear from you soon.
【自我归纳】
上述句子中,1为__________的省略;2,3,5为省略______;4为
_____________的省略。
状语从句
主语
there be句型
【语法详解】
为了避免重复,将句子中的一个或几个成分省去,这种语法现象叫
省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语
法手段。英语中的省略有下列几种情况。
一、简单句的省略
1.省略主语
祈使句中的主语通常被省略。 如:
(You) Open the door, please. 请开一下门。
其他省略主语多限于现成的说法。如:
(I) Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。
2.省略主语和谓语,或主语和谓语的一部分
(Is there) Anything else 还有其他事吗
(You come) This way, please.请这边走。
3.省略宾语
—Do you know Mr Li
—I don't know (him).
“你认识李先生吗 ” “我不认识他。”
4.省略表语
—Are you thirsty
—Yes, I am (thirsty).
“你口渴吗 ”“是的,我渴了。”
5.同时省略几个成分
—Are you feeling better now
—(I am feeling) Much better.
“你现在觉得好些了吗 ” “我感觉好很多。”
二、并列句中的省略
在由and或but连接的并列句中,常省略一些重复的词或词组。
He went out of the room and (he) closed the door.
他走出房间,关上门。
Sam must have been playing football at that time, and his sister
(must have been) playing the piano.
那时萨姆一定在踢足球,而他妹妹一定在弹钢琴。
The news made me angry, but (the news made) John happy.
这条消息使我生气,却让约翰高兴。
三、复合句中的省略
1.宾语从句的省略
(1)宾语从句中,连接词that常省略,但当有多个并列宾语从句时,只能省
略第一个that。
He said (that) the text was very important and that we should
learn it by heart.
他说这篇课文很重要,我们应该牢记在心。
(2)when, where, how等引导的宾语从句可以仅保留引导词。
I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don't know
when (he will come to our city).
我知道一个电影明星要来我们城市,但我不知道他什么时候来。
2.状语从句的省略
表示条件、时间、地点、方式或让步等的状语从句的谓语含有be动
词,且从句的主语又和主句的主语一致,或者从句主语是it时,常把从句
中的主语连同be动词一起省略。
When (it is) necessary, I will turn to you for help.必要的时候我
会向你求助。
Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the street.过街时要当
心车辆。
3.定语从句中的省略
若引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语,该关系代词一般可省略。
The car(which/that) his father gave him as a birthday present
was stolen.
他父亲送给他作为生日礼物的那辆汽车被盗了。
四、几种特殊的省略
1.比较结构的省略
在“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构中和由than和as引导的比较句式中,
常会有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。
The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).
(你做得)越快(结果就会)越好。
They don't use more water than (it is) necessary.
他们使用的水没有超出需要量。
2.不定式的省略
(1)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to,但若两个不定式之间
表示对比关系时,不省略to。
The book is intended to be read and not (to) be torn.
这本书是供人阅读的而不是供人撕毁的。
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to
make it more difficult.
新技术的目的是要让生活更轻松自在,而不是让生活更困难。
(2)某些使役动词(如:make,let,have等)和感官动词
(如:see,watch,notice,observe等)后面作宾补的不定式须省略to,但若这
些动词用于被动语态,则to不省略。
My mother wouldn't let me go to see the film.
我妈妈不会让我去看那部电影的。
The boy was seen to play the piano yesterday evening.
昨晚那个男孩被看到在弹钢琴。
(3)不定式to后面的内容也可承前省略,此时所省略的成分相当于do
so,但一定要有上下文语境。倘若承前省略的不定式含有作助动词用
的have,be的任何形式,to后要保留原形have或be。
I would do it for you, but I don't know how to (do it for you).
我愿意为你做这件事,但是我不知道怎么去做。
She has succeeded in the final examination, but in fact, she
ought to have (succeeded in the final examination).
她在期末考试中取得了成功,而实际上,她本就该获得成功。
(4)介词but,except(除了)前有实义动词do的具体形式时,后面的不定式
不带to。
All he could do was nothing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等着瞧。
(5)当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时,用作表语的不定式可以省略to。
The only thing to do now is (to) go on.
前进是现在唯一的出路。
3.虚拟语气中的省略
(1)虚拟条件句常省略if,而将were,had,should 提前,构成部分倒装。
Had you come here yesterday, you would have met her.=If you
had come here yesterday, you would have met her.
如果你昨天来这儿的话,你就会见到她了。
(2)动词 advise, suggest(建议),propose, demand, insist(坚持要求),
require,command,recommend, order 等后的宾语从句及“It is…that…”主语从句中常省略表虚拟语气的should。
We insisted that they (should) go with us.
我们坚持要求他们和我们一起走。
It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.
有人建议我们去看这部电影。
4.介词的省略
(1)在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略，
如:spend time/money (in) doing sth; have difficulty/trouble (in)
doing sth; prevent/stop sb (from) doing sth。
She spends half an hour (in) doing some reading every day. 她
每天花半个小时读书。
I have some trouble (in) learning English.
我学英语有些困难。
(2)表示时间的介词at, on和in用在next, last, this, each, these,
yesterday, every, tomorrow 等词之前,一般可省略。
We have a final exam (in) every term.
每学期我们都举行一次期末考试。
5.使用so,not等的省略
英语中,可以使用so,not 或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或
整个句子。
—Can I put my bike here
—You'd better not.
“我可以把自行车放在这儿吗 ” “你最好不要。”
—Do you think our team will win
—I think so.
“你认为我们队会赢吗 ” “我认为是这样。”
【实战演练】
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.He was often noticed _________ (leave) the office after work.
to leave
2.—What do you suppose made her worried
—_______ (lose) a new cellphone.
Losing
3.Children, when _________ (expose) to an English-speaking
atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily.
exposed
4.Mary won't attend the party even if _______ (invite).
5.Though ________ (warn) again and again, the young man still
drove after drinking, leading to his being fined.
6.While ________ (walk) along the street, I heard my name
called.
7.She seldom, if _____， goes to the movie theatre.
8.The boy used to play with the knife though his father told
him not ____.
invited
warned
walking
ever
to
9.Some classmates suggest they ____________ (go) to nearby
places of interest.
10.Her words made me _____ (feel) happier than before.
(should) go
feel
Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.You'd better get up early tomorrow. _______， you will miss
the school bus.
你明天最好早点起床,否则,你就赶不上校车了。
If not
2.You should be careful ________________________ Angel Island.
当你漫步在天使岛时, 你要小心。
when wandering around
3._____________________________—a journey to experience and
explore Chinatown.
多么令人难忘的一次旅途——一次体验和探索唐人街之旅。
What an unforgettable journey
4.He opened his mouth as if _________.
他张开嘴好像要说话。
to speak
5.___________, I strongly recommend that you come to
Wenzhou for a visit and try the delicious food in Wenzhou. 如
果可以,我强烈推荐你来温州游玩,并且来尝尝温州的美食。
If possible
练 习 册
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.If _____________ (burn) severely, he should be given some
first aid immediately.
burned/burnt
2.Will you celebrate the coming New Year If ____, I hope you
will have a wonderful time.
so
3.Ask her if it is a convenient time. If _____, can she suggest
another possible time
not
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.If __________ (accept) for this post, you will be informed
within a week.
accepted
5.He rushed out of the room as if _________ (meet) some
important person.
to meet
6.The boss should be responsible for the accident because the
workers just carried out the order as _____ (tell).
told
7.When first ___________ (introduce) to the market, these
products enjoyed a lot of success.
introduced
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.If __________ (travel) north, you must change at Beijing.
travelling
9.After continuous attempts, Columbus received _________
(finance) support from the King and Queen of Spain.
financial
10.Canada is like a blooming flower, __________ (unfold) with
breathtaking beauty and richness to win the heart of those who
enjoy what it has to offer.
unfolding
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.His opinion, _______________________, would be considered.
他的意见,无论是对是错,都会被考虑。
whether right or wrong
2.Tom wanted to play football with his friends in the street, but
his father told him _______.
汤姆想和他的朋友在街上踢足球,但他父亲告诉他不要这么做。
not to
1
2
3
4
5
3.—Do you think Jack is going to watch a football match this
weekend
—____________________________.
“你觉得杰克这周末会去看足球比赛吗 ”
“我想不会。”
I believe not/I don't think so
4.________ the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.
如果再给他同样的治疗,他一定会好起来的。
If given
5.There are few people nowadays, _______, who remember him.
现在记得他的人,如果有的话,也不多了。
if any
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅲ 语篇填空
If you are really interested in music, you've probably heard
of the Bestival Music Festival. It 1.______ (take) place every
September on the Isle of Wight, the UK. As it is at the end of
summer, people think it's their last chance 2._________ (have)
fun before going back to boring work.
In order to get to the campsite of the Bestival, you have to
take a boat called ferry, 3._______ is always crowded with
takes
to have
which
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
happy festival lovers. After you arrive at the campsite, you can
put 4.____ your tent. There people talk with each other
5.________ (open).
The festival lasts four days. During that time, you forget all
your 6.________ (worry) and problems, just like living in a
dream. And you'll find 7.___ really hard to come back to “reality”
after that.
up
openly
worries
it
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
I took part in the Bestival with my friends last year. It was
so exciting and we all lost 8.__________ (we) in the beautiful
music. We Are Family 9.______ (sing) by Sister Sledge was my
favourite. I'm really looking forward to 10.________ (join) in it
for a second time.
ourselves
sung
joining
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了每年九月在英国
怀特岛上举行的夏季音乐节盛会。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.______
takes
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语，时间状语为
every September，此处在描述经常性的情况，时态应用一般现在时，
主语是it，take需用第三人称单数形式。故填takes。
2._________
to have
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。chance后常接不定式作定语，表示“做某事
的机会”。故填to have。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3._______
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，
对先行词boat进行补充说明，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，
应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4.____
up
[解析] 考查介词。根据语境可知，此处用固定短语put up，表示“搭
起，搭建”。故填up。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5.________
openly
[解析] 考查副词。分析句子可知，空处修饰谓语动词talk，应用副词
openly，意为“公开地，坦白地”。故填openly。
6.________
worries
[解析] 考查名词复数。分析句子可知，空处和后面的problems并列，
作forget的宾语，worry在此意为“令人担忧的事”，为可数名词，结合
空前的all可知，应用worry的复数形式。故填worries。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
7.___
it
[解析] 考查固定句型。此处为固定句型“find it+形容词+to do sth”，
意为“发现做某事……”，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不
定式。故填it。
8.__________
ourselves
[解析] 考查代词。此处为固定短语lose oneself in，意为“沉浸于”，
空处应用we的反身代词形式。故填ourselves。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9.______
sung
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处作We Are Family的
后置定语，用非谓语动词，sing和We Are Family是逻辑上的被动关
系，应用sing的过去分词形式。故填sung。
10.________
joining
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。look forward to表示“期盼”，其中to是介
词，后接动名词形式作宾语。故填joining。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅳ 阅读理解
Culture is the invisible bond which ties people together. The
art, literature, language, and religion of a community represent
its culture. The importance of culture lies in its close association
with the ways of thinking and living. Differences in cultures have
led to a diversity in the people from different parts of the
world.
1
2
3
4
How we perceive things is largely affected by our
judgement skills, preconceived notions, attitudes, and emotions.
These factors are closely linked with our culture. In perceiving
something as good or bad, our biases play a role and so does
our way of thinking. People who belong to cultures that
promote individualism tend to look at only the main aspects of
a situation, while those of a culture that promotes collectivism
tend to consider even the minor details. People of Eastern
cultures perceive success as being a collective effort, while those
1
2
3
4
of the American culture perceive it as the fruit of individual
effort.
Culture affects perception, and perception drives behaviour.
Thus, the culture we belong to has a direct impact on our
behaviour. Moreover, our environment, which has cultural
influences, shapes our behaviour. In a society where boys are
discouraged from crying, men think of it as an odd gesture.
Group culture determines the behavioural norms for a
group. To be accepted as a part of the group, we tend to
1
2
3
4
follow what the group decides for us. Influenced by the norms
or rules laid out by our culture, we act in accordance with them.
Our culture defines people's expectations from us. In the
attempt to fulfill them, we shape our behaviour and personality
to suit our culture. Our religion, traditions, customs, all a part of
our culture, play a major role in shaping our personalities. In a
culture where children are taught to be independent early in life,
they grow up to be individualistic. In a culture where boys and
girls are not treated as equal, children may become aggressive
and look at the opposite gender as their enemy, or those
treated as inferior may grow up to be submissive.
1
2
3
4
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了文化是把人们联系在一
起的无形纽带，并分别从认识、行为、性格三个具体方面谈论了文
化对人的影响。
1
2
3
4
( ) 1.What do people tend to do if they belong to a
culture that promotes collectivism
A.Ignore all unimportant aspects.
B.Think about as many details as possible.
C.View success as a result of individual effort.
D.Blame their own failure on others.
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[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段“People who belong to cultures
that promote individualism tend to look at only the main
aspects of a situation, while those of a culture that promotes
collectivism tend to consider even the minor details.”可知，在推
崇或倡导集体主义的文化中，人们考虑问题时会思考非常细微的方
面。故选B。
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( ) 2.What does the underlined word “odd” in Paragraph 3
mean
A.Harmless. B.Acceptable. C.Strange. D.Interesting.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据第三段“Moreover, our environment,
which has cultural influences, shapes our behaviour.”以及画线词
上文“In a society where boys are discouraged from crying, men
think of it as…”可知，文化影响人们的行为，即如果一种社会文化
不鼓励男孩子哭，那么男性就会把哭当成一种奇怪的行为，故画线
词表示“奇怪的”。故选C。
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( ) 3.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A.The ways of educating children.
B.The diversity of personalities.
C.The behavioural norms of a certain group.
D.The influence of culture on personalities.
[解析] 段落大意题。根据最后一段“Group culture determines the
behavioural norms for a group. To be accepted as a part of the
group…or those treated as inferior may grow up to be
submissive.”可知，最后一段主要讲了文化对个性的影响。故选D。
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( ) 4.How is the passage mainly developed
A.By providing examples.
B.By making comparisons.
C.By following the order of time.
D.By following the order of importance.
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段“How we perceive things is
largely affected by our judgement skills, preconceived notions,
attitudes, and emotions.”和第三段“Culture affects perception, and
perception drives behaviour.”以及最后一段“Our culture defines
people's expectations from us. In the attempt to fulfill them, we
shape our behaviour and personality to suit our culture.”可知，
文章通过举例，分别从认识、行为、性格三个具体方面谈论了文化
对人的影响。故可推知，文章主要通过举例进行展开。故选A。
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Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·福州九县(市、区)一中高一期中联考]
Jiuzhaigou National Park is located in the mountainous
region of southwest China. 1.___ Here are some of the park's
most popular attractions.
E
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Colourful lakes
The lakes in Jiuzhaigou National Park are clear all year
round. 2.___ Presenting colours of yellow, green and brown,
these lakes look like colourful silk cloth.
The most famous lake in the park is Five Flower Lake, also
known as Peacock Lake. 3.___ Other popular lakes in the park
include Panda Lake, Mirror Lake, and Reed Lake.
D
F
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Fascinating waterfalls
Jiuzhaigou is home to some of the most breathtaking
waterfalls in China, including the must-see Nuorilang Waterfall
and Pearl Shoal Waterfall.
Nuorilang Waterfall is the widest waterfall in China. It
measures 270 metres in width and covers a height of 2，365
metres. Pearl Shoal Waterfall is considered the park's most
beautiful waterfall. 4.___ A unique feature of this waterfall is its
shoal face. When water runs over it, it reflects the bright
sunshine, much like pearls do.
A
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Blue ice & snow-capped mountains
During the cold winter months, waterfalls in the park freeze.
This results in a beautiful show of ice curtains, ice sheets, and
ice balls. What's truly unique about this phenomenon is that the
light changes the ice into a clear blue. 5.___
Apart from the impressive blue ice throughout the park,
there is also plenty of snow covering the valley in winter. What
Jiuzhaigou is well-known for, however, is its snow-capped
mountains which silently guard this dream-like valley.
G
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A.It is also fairly wide.
B.The lake isn't the best habitat for birds.
C.These waterfalls seem to be much more beautiful.
D.As the seasons change, they take on different colours.
E.It is full of natural wonders and is a recognized UNESCO
Heritage Site.
F.It is a shallow lake whose bottom is covered with ancient
fallen tree parts.
G.The view only occurs for about ten days a year, between late
January and early February.
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了九寨沟的一些受
欢迎的景点。
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1.___
E
[解析] 根据前文“Jiuzhaigou National Park is located in the
mountainous region of southwest China.”和后文“Here are some
of the park's most popular attractions.”可知，空处应讲述九寨沟
国家公园里有许多景点，E项“这里充满了自然奇观，是联合国教科
文组织公认的遗产地。”符合题意，it指代前面的Jiuzhaigou National
Park。故选E。
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2.___
D
[解析] 根据小标题“Colourful lakes”可知，这里讲述的是九寨沟五颜
六色的湖，再根据后文“Presenting colours of yellow, green and
brown, these lakes look like colourful silk cloth.”可知，空处讲述
的应是这里的湖会出现不同颜色，D项“随着季节的变化，它们呈现
出不同的颜色。”符合题意，they指代前文的lakes。故选D。
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3.___
F
[解析] 根据前文“The most famous lake in the park is Five
Flower Lake, also known as Peacock Lake.”可知，空处应进一步介
绍五花海的特征，F项“这是一个浅湖，湖底覆盖着古老的倒下的树
木枝干。”符合题意。故选F。
4.___
A
[解析] 根据前文“Pearl Shoal Waterfall is considered the park's
most beautiful waterfall.”可知，空处应进一步介绍该瀑布的特征，A
项“它也相当宽。”符合题意，且与前面对诺日朗瀑布的描述相呼应。
故选A。
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5.___
G
[解析] 前文“During the cold winter months, waterfalls in the
park freeze. This results in a beautiful show of ice curtains, ice
sheets, and ice balls. What's truly unique about this
phenomenon is that the light changes the ice into a clear blue.”
讲述了冬季的瀑布结冰后的美丽现象，空处应进一步讲述产生这种
现象的时间，G项“这种景象每年只出现大约十天，在1月下旬到2月
初之间。”符合题意。故选G。
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Ⅵ 完形填空
[2024·河南郑州高一期中]
If you've never been to Moscow, you should go and see
this fantastic city. There, you can . .1. . Russian culture first-hand,
especially if you are a . .2. . lover.
One of the many exciting parts . .3. . the famous Red Square
that has a magical effect on all visitors to Moscow. From Red
Square, you can see the most important . .4. . in the capital: the
Kremlin, the State Historical Museum and of course, the Saint
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Basil's Cathedral with domes (穹顶) that look like a beautiful
stone flower . .5. . by the architects of the 16th century.
Not many people realize that Red Square's . .6. . has nothing
to do with Communism (共产主义) or Soviet Russia. The Old
Russian word for “beautiful” and “red” was the . .7. .; Red Square
means “Beautiful Square”. All major streets in Moscow radiate
(向周围伸展) from here, and Red Square is the . .8. . square of
Moscow . .9. . the symbolic centre of all Russia. Its history . .10. .
the 1490s when a new red-brick Kremlin was built.
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Businessmen from all over the world came to . .11. . here and
the square became a big market. On days of great festivals,
there were many celebrations here, turning the . .12. . into an
open-air gathering (聚集) place.
Moscow's tourists travel to Red Square to . .13. . its beautiful
architecture and history. Besides the square, there are so many
places of . .14. . in this beautiful city. If you are visiting Europe,
don't forget to see Red Square with your own . .15. ..
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了莫斯科是个不错的旅
游目的地，并重点介绍了红场。
( ) 1.A.remember B.create C.record D.experience
[解析] 结合空后宾语Russian culture和搭配的first-hand可知，此处
指亲身经历俄罗斯文化。故选D。remember记住；create创造；
record记录；experience体验。
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( ) 2.A.nature B.festival C.history D.tradition
[解析] 结合下文内容可知，文中着重介绍了莫斯科红场，且主要从
其文化和历史背景方面展开，所以此处是“如果你是一个历史爱好者”。
故选C。nature自然；festival节日；history历史； tradition传统。
( ) 3.A.means B.finds C.includes D.requires
[解析] 本段开始具体介绍俄罗斯的一些景点，Red Square明显是包
含在其中的一部分。故选C。 mean意味着； find发现； include包
括； require要求。
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( ) 4.A.buildings B.streets C.bricks D.celebrations
[解析] 联系下文列举的克里姆林宫等建筑可知，此处指站在红场上
可以看到诸多莫斯科的著名建筑。故选A。 building建筑； street街
道；brick砖；celebration庆祝活动。
( ) 5.A.watered B.covered C.hidden D.planted
[解析] 由flower一词可知，应搭配planted，字面上表示“种植花朵”，
实际上意为“建造(花朵般的)穹顶”。故选D。water浇水；cover覆盖；
hide躲藏；plant种植。
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( ) 6.A.shape B.size C.name D.future
[解析] 联系下文可知，该段主要介绍红场名字的由来。故选C。
shape形状；size尺寸；name名字；future未来。
( ) 7.A.unknown B.right C.same D.opposite
[解析] 由“…Red Square means ‘Beautiful Square’.”可推断，这里要
表达古俄语中表示red和beautiful的词是相同的。故选C。 unknown
未知的；right正确的；same相同的；opposite相反的。
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( ) 8.A.public B.main C.central D.only
[解析] 由前文描述的俄罗斯的城市布局可推断，红场就是莫斯科的
中央广场。故选C。 public公开的；main主要的；central中央的；
only唯一的。
( ) 9.A.as well as B.as soon as
C.as long as D.as far as
[解析] 结合句意可知，空后的the symbolic centre与前面的the
central square应当并列在句中作表语，故应使用as well as连接两个
并列成分。故选A。
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( ) 10.A.faces up to B.dates back to
C.gives way to D.looks forward to
[解析] 结合空后的时间the 1490s及后面的时间状语从句可推断，此
处指其历史追溯到十五世纪九十年代。故选B。 face up to直面，
正视；date back to追溯到；give way to让位于；look forward to
期待。
( ) 11.A.visit B.trade C.live D.study
[解析] 根据主语是businessmen可知，此处指商人们汇聚在红场进行
贸易活动。故选B。 visit拜访； trade从事贸易； live居住； study
学习。
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( ) 12.A.museum B.square C.market D.state
[解析] 结合本段内容都是在围绕红场进行描述可知，此处指在重大
节日时，这里会有许多庆典活动，将广场变为露天的聚集场所。故
选B。 museum博物馆； square广场；market市场；state州。
( ) 13.A.accept B.check C.appreciate D.miss
[解析] 根据语境可知，此处指游客们前去红场欣赏其美丽的建筑和
历史。故选C。 accept接受；check检查；appreciate欣赏，感激；
miss错过。
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( ) 14.A.creativity B.business C.power D.interest
[解析] 在红场旁边还有许多风景名胜。place of interest意为“风景
名胜”。
( ) 15.A.car B.friends C.mind D.eyes
[解析] 如果你来欧洲游玩，不要忘记来亲自看看红场。with one's
own eyes意为“亲眼看到”。
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