Unit 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Period One Listening and Speaking
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1.①mentally ②physically ③our physical and mental health ④being physically and mentally fit
2.①intelligence ②more intelligent ③Not only was he intelligentUnit 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Period One Listening and Speaking
Ⅰ.1.astronauts 2.procedure 3.mental 4.intelligent 5.facilities 6.centimetres
Ⅱ.1.requirement 2.curiosity 3.intelligence 4.mentally 5.procedures 6.related 7.pulled 8.height 9.up 10.but
Ⅲ.1.make a list of 2.in groups 3.in height 4.graduate from 5.not only; but also 6.are curious about 7.train for
8.First of all
Ⅳ.A
【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如今宇航员在太空舱成功种植了生菜。这不仅能为宇航员提供营养,而且种植和照顾生菜也能促进宇航员的心理健康。
1.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Space travellers over the years have become used to certain foods such as freeze-dried ice cream and liquid salt and pepper.”可知,多年来,宇航员已经习惯了某些食物,再根据画线词下文“…with the first space-grown lettuce (生菜)found to be as safe, nutritious and fresh as the Earth-grown variety.”可知,现在宇航员的菜单上有了新的食物——生菜。由此推知,画线词augmented意为“增加”,与A项enlarged意思一样,故选A。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Besides, for them, there may also be psychological benefits of growing and looking after plants.”可知,在太空种植生菜可以促进宇航员的心理健康。故选C。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The vegetable production system is known as Veggie. It is composed of plant pillows (sealed units containing ceramic soil), LED lighting and a watering system that allows astronauts to inject water through a tube.”[蔬菜生产系统被称为Veggie。它由植物枕头(含有陶土的密封单元)、 LED 照明和一个允许宇航员通过管子注水的浇水系统组成。]可推知,蔬菜生产系统由三部分组成。故选B。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘While we have nowhere to cook up there now, we can look forward to more things that taste fresh,’ Massa explained.”(“虽然我们现在没有地方烹饪,我们可以期待更多味道新鲜的东西,”马萨解释说。)可推知,在最后一段,Massa试图解释,她希望丰富太空舱种植的农产品品种。故选D。
B
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了前往火星的旅程中,人类将会受到太空中的粒子辐射的影响。科学家认为,恰当的启程时间和合理的旅行周期将能确保宇航员的安全。
5.D 推理判断题。根据第一段的“One of them is the serious risk posed by particle radiation(辐射) from the sun, distant stars and galaxies (星系).”和第二段的“Answering two key questions would go a long way towards overcoming that difficulty…”可推知,第一段的作用是介绍人类前往火星需要克服的一个难题。故选D项。
6.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的from the radiation可知,此处表示前往火星的恰当时机能否保护宇航员和宇宙飞船免受辐射的伤害。由此可知,shield意为“保护”,与protect意思一致。故选C项。
7.B 细节理解题。根据第三段的“That is, humans should be able to safely travel to and from Mars, only if the spacecraft has enough protection and the round trip is shorter than approximately four years.”可知,人类安全地往返火星是可行的,前提是宇宙飞船有足够的保护,而且往返时间少于四年,即往返火星最长的期限是四年。故选B项。
8.A 主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是根据第二段“Answering two key questions would go a long way towards overcoming that difficulty: Would particle radiation pose too serious a threat to human life throughout a round trip to the red planet And, could the very timing of a mission to Mars help shield astronauts and the spacecraft from the radiation ”和第三段的“That is, humans should be able to safely travel to and from Mars, only if the spacecraft has enough protection and the round trip is shorter than approximately four years.”可知,本文主要讲的是人类前往火星将会受到太空中的粒子辐射的影响。科学家认为合适的启程时间和合理的旅行周期将能确保宇航员的安全,A项“Will it be safe for humans to fly to Mars ”可以做本文标题,故选A项。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。2023年8月23日,印度的月船3号探测器成功抵月,印度成为第四个登陆月球的国家。印度的这一成就不仅是国家的胜利,也是全球致力于太空探索向前迈出的超级重要的一步。
1.on 考查介词。表示在具体的某一天,用介词on。故填on。
2.to land 考查不定式。“the+序数词+(名词)+动词不定式”为固定搭配,动词不定式作后置定语。故填to land。
3.which 考查定语从句。此句是非限制性定语从句,从句缺少主语,指代前面整个句子,用关系代词which。故填which。
4.a 考查冠词。泛指“一个课题”,用不定冠词修饰,且subject的首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
5.discovery 考查名词。of后接名词discovery作宾语。the discovery of意为“……的发现”。故填discovery。
6.exciting 考查形容词。修饰物,用-ing结尾的形容词。故填exciting。
7.elements 考查名词复数。element为可数名词,且有several other修饰,用复数形式。故填elements。
8.conducted 考查时态。陈述过去的事情,用一般过去时。故填conducted。
9.significantly 考查副词。此处用副词significantly作状语。 故填significantly。
10.but 考查连词。not just…but also…是固定搭配,意为 “不仅……而且……”。 故填but。Unit 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
主题语境——人与自然之地球与宇宙
[导读] 太空蕴藏着诸多奇观以及奥秘,比如宇宙是如何形成的、太空中除了人类是否还有其他生命。近年来,科学家集中资金、时间和精力来研究太空。他们发射卫星,建立空间站,甚至在月球上行走。
In recent years, scientists in many parts of the world have pooled their money, time and efforts to research the space. They launch the satellites, establish the space stations, and even walk on the moon.
Space may hold wonders and mysteries of how the universe comes into being, and whether there is life on other planets besides Earth.
Space exploration is of great significance.
First of all, through space exploration, we human beings may uncover the unknown resources of the universe. It provides us with knowledge about the origin of life, with which we learn the dangers and make adventures in science and technology.
Secondly, space exploration also provides a platform for nations to cooperate through participation in joint breakthroughs.
Finally, the space technology plays an absolutely necessary role in our daily life, such as communication and transportation technology.
In the near future, more nations will get involved in the cause of space exploration.
Some questions that have aroused people’s curiosity throughout the centuries are bound to have solutions.
【主题词句背诵】
1.pool one’s money, time and efforts to do sth
汇集某人的钱、时间和精力做某事
2.come into being 产生;形成
3.be of great significance 具有重大意义
4.play a role in… 在……中扮演角色;在……中起作用
5.get involved in 参与;卷入;涉及
6.arouse one’s curiosity 激发某人的好奇心
7.It provides us with knowledge about the origin of life, with which we learn the dangers and make adventures in science and technology.
它给我们提供了关于生命起源的知识,用这些知识我们了解危险并在科技领域进行探险。
8.In the near future, more nations will get involved in the cause of space exploration. 在不久的未来,更多的国家将会参与到太空探索的事业中来。
Period One Listening and Speaking
1.mental adj.(connected with or happening in the mind; involving the process of thinking)精神的;思想的
(教材P38)Astronauts not only had to learn how to use space equipment, but also had to do a lot of mental and physical training.
宇航员不仅要学会如何使用太空设备,还要进行大量的心理和体能训练。
(1)mental health/illness/problem
心理健康/疾病/问题
physical and mental health 身心健康
(2)mentally adv. 精神上;心理上
physically adv. 身体上;肉体上
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①It’s going to be a tough competition but I’m (mental) prepared for it.
②Basketball is an interesting sport, but it’s also (physical) demanding.
◆完成句子
③Getting close to nature is of great benefit to .
亲近大自然有利于我们的身心健康。
④As is known, not only helps with our study and life, but also contributes to a harmonious society.
众所周知,身心健康不仅有助于我们的学习和生活,而且有助于建立一个和谐的社会。
2.intelligent adj.(good at learning, understanding and thinking in a logical way about things; showing this ability)有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的
(教材P39)First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. 首先,你必须足够聪明才能获得一个相关的大学学位。
(1)intelligent software/system 智能软件/系统
a highly intelligent student 非常聪明的学生
(2)intelligence n. 智力;才智;智慧
artificial intelligence(AI) 人工智能
a person of high/low intelligence 智力高/低的人
【佳句背诵】
We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.
我们可以观察到,人工智能已经通过许多方式对我们的生活产生了影响。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①With a large brain, human beings beat other beings in terms of (intelligent).
②The railway stations of the future may be (intelligent)than we can possibly imagine.
◆完成句子
③Steven had always been popular. and well-mannered, but he also came from a well-off family. 史蒂文一直很受欢迎。他不仅聪明、彬彬有礼,而且家境富裕。 Unit 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Period One Listening and Speaking
●Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.The (宇航员)are conducting a series of experiments to learn more about how the body adapts to weightlessness.
2.The officers insisted that Michael did not follow the correct (程序) in applying for a visa.
3.Exercise is good for your (精神的) health, because working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings.
4.He’s an (有智慧的) player but lacks the muscle of older competitors.
5.The theme park is not available now because some (设备)are being repaired.
6.They were about the same height, around 175 (厘米) tall.
●Ⅱ 单句填空
1.Your performance did not meet the (require); in other words, you failed the driving test.
2.Out of (curious),the elderly couple participated in the activity held by the teens yesterday.
3.While your IQ tells you how intelligent you are, your EQ tells you how well you use your (intelligent ).
4.Everyone should be both physically and (mental) healthy.
5.He needs to finish several (procedure) before he is formally appointed .
6.According to the World Health Organization,2.4 million people die annually from causes directly (relate) to air pollution.
7.After the examination, the dentist suggested that she should have the tooth (pull).
8.In Japan’s capital city of Tokyo, the (high) of buildings is limited because of earthquake danger.
9.With temperature going , we found it hard to stay outdoors.
10.Our new manager is not only capable also gets along well with others.
●Ⅲ 短语填空
1.Before the sales start, I (列出……的清单) what my kids will need for the coming season.
2.Their teachers often require them to discuss problems (以小组为单位) when necessary.
3.Each corner had a guard tower, each of which was exactly ten metres (在高度方面).
4.A graduation ceremony is a custom that takes place when students (从……毕业) a school.
5.Reading English aloud in the morning helps practise your oral English helps strengthen your memory. (不但……而且……)
6.If you (对……好奇)American literature, you can read some books about it.
7.If you want to be a professional footballer, you must (为……而接受训练) football as required.
8. (首先), you’d better know clearly what you want to be before you choose your major.
●Ⅳ 阅读理解
A [2024·安徽安庆二中高一期中]
Life as an astronaut has various unique attractions. This can include experiencing weightlessness and looking back at Earth as a pale blue dot. Food is not among them. Space travellers over the years have become used to certain foods such as freeze-dried ice cream and liquid salt and pepper. Now, the menu is set to be augmented, with the first space-grown lettuce (生菜) found to be as safe, nutritious and fresh as the Earth-grown variety.
Gioia Massa of NASA Kennedy Space Centre is the lead scientist on the lettuce-growing project. She said that growing food in space could be wonderful for astronauts on missions lasting more than one month. “If you store packaged food for a long time, not only will the flavour and nutritional quality decrease, but the vitamins will degrade. After eating such food, astronauts’ intake of nutrition is not ensured,” she said. Besides, for them, there may also be psychological benefits of growing and looking after plants.
Lettuce has been grown in batches (分批) on board the International Space Station (ISS). The vegetable production system is known as Veggie. It is composed of plant pillows (sealed units containing ceramic soil), LED lighting and a watering system that allows astronauts to inject water through a tube. The lettuce crops grow undisturbed for 33 to 56 days before being harvested and eaten, or deep-frozen and returned to Earth for chemical and biological analysis.
The space-grown lettuces are similar in make-up to Earth-grown ones but they have higher levels of bacteria (细菌), possibly due to their growth in a warmer, more humid (潮湿的) and closed-air system. But they are not found to carry any harmful bacteria.
NASA is now enlarging the range of produce grown on board the ISS. It will be quite some time before any vegetables can be transformed into a dish, however. “While we have nowhere to cook up there now, we can look forward to more things that taste fresh,” Massa explained.
( )1.What does the underlined word “augmented” probably mean in Paragraph 1
A.Enlarged. B.Engaged.
C.Reduced. D.Measured.
( )2.What do we know about growing space-grown lettuce
A.Its flavour and nutritional quality decline.
B.It is terrible for astronauts on missions.
C.It can contribute to astronauts’ mental health.
D.It will make sure the astronauts’ intake of nutrition.
( )3.What can we infer from the text
A.Lettuces will be grown in batches on board.
B.The vegetable production system consists of three parts.
C.It will take at least 56 days to harvest the space-grown lettuce crop.
D.Thanks to the growing environment, the space-grown lettuces don’t contain any harmful bacteria.
( )4.What does Massa mainly intend to explain in the last paragraph
A.The difficulty in growing produce on board.
B.The necessity to enlarge the space on board.
C.The desire to enjoy cooked vegetables on board.
D.The expectation to enrich the variety of produce grown on board.
B [2024·江苏扬州高一期中]
Sending human travellers to Mars would require scientists and engineers to overcome a range of technological and safety obstacles. One of them is the serious risk posed by particle radiation (辐射) from the sun, distant stars and galaxies (星系).
Answering two key questions would go a long way towards overcoming that difficulty: Would particle radiation pose too serious a threat to human life throughout a round trip to the red planet And, could the very timing of a mission to Mars help shield astronauts and the spacecraft from the radiation
In a new article published in the journal Space Weather, an international team of space scientists, including researchers from UCLA, answers those two questions with a “no” and a “yes”. That is, humans should be able to safely travel to and from Mars, only if the spacecraft has enough protection and the round trip is shorter than approximately four years. And the timing of a human mission to Mars would indeed make a difference: the scientists determined that the best time for a flight to leave Earth would be when solar activity is at its peak (高峰期), because, during this period, the most dangerous and energetic particles from distant galaxies are deflected (偏转) by the enhanced solar activity.
A trip of that length would be imaginable. The average flight to Mars takes about nine months, so depending on the timing of the launch and available fuel, it is reasonable that astronauts could reach the planet and return to Earth in less than two years, according to Yuri Shprits, a UCLA research geophysicist and co-author of the paper.
“This study shows that while space radiation imposes (强加) strict limitations on how heavy the spacecraft can be and the time of the launch, and it presents technological difficulties for human missions to Mars, such a mission is possible,” said Shprits, who also is head of space physics and space weather at GFZ Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam, Germany.
( )5.What’s the function of the first paragraph
A.To list human’s achievements in space.
B.To show a possible way to travel to Mars.
C.To introduce scientists’ effort to travel to Mars.
D.To present one of the difficulties of the trip to Mars.
( )6.What does the underlined word “shield” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Escape. B.Approach.
C.Protect. D.Separate.
( )7.What is the longest duration of a round trip to Mars for the safety of humans
A.About 9 months.
B.Less than 4 years.
C.Less than two years.
D.One year.
( )8.What can be the best title for the text
A.Will it be safe for humans to fly to Mars
B.Humans will travel to Mars in the near future
C.The timing of a trip to Mars is planned
D.Particle radiation changes for the solar activity
●Ⅴ 语法填空
[2024·浙江金华市卓越联盟高一期中]
India became the fourth country to reach the moon after it successfully landed its Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft 1. August 23, 2023. While India follows Russia, the US, and China to the moon, it is the first 2. (land) on a lunar pole. Chandrayaan-3 achieved a “soft landing”—landing gently, without damage, 3. enabled it to employ a rover (探月车) to explore the lunar surface. The lunar south pole is 4. subject of interest for scientists, particularly because of the 5. (discover) of traces of water ice. Water is important for future space exploration, serving as a possible fuel source for rockets. The mission has already made 6. (excite) findings.
According to the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), the rover has found sulfur(硫黄) and several other 7. (element). These findings are important as they add to our understanding of the moon. This mission also puts India on the map as a rising power in space exploration. The ISRO 8. (conduct) the mission with a budget of about $75 million, 9. (significant) lower than similar projects by other nations.
This achievement for India is not just a win for the country 10. also a super significant step forward for global efforts in space exploration. (共53张PPT)
Period One
Listening and Speaking
主题语境——人与自然之地球与宇宙
［导读］太空蕴藏着诸多奇观以及奥秘，比如宇宙是如何形成的、
太空中除了人类是否还有其他生命。近年来,科学家集中资金、时间和
精力来研究太空。他们发射卫星,建立空间站,甚至在月球上行走。
In recent years, scientists in many parts of the world have
pooled their money, time and efforts to research the space.
They launch the satellites, establish the space stations, and even
walk on the moon.
Space may hold wonders and mysteries of how the universe
comes into being, and whether there is life on other planets
besides Earth.
Space exploration is of great significance.
First of all, through space exploration, we human beings
may uncover the unknown resources of the universe. It provides
us with knowledge about the origin of life, with which we
learn the dangers and make adventures in science and
technology.
Secondly, space exploration also provides a platform for
nations to cooperate through participation in joint breakthroughs.
Finally, the space technology plays an absolutely necessary
role in our daily life, such as communication and transportation
technology.
In the near future, more nations will get involved in the
cause of space exploration.
Some questions that have aroused people's curiosity throughout the centuries are bound to have solutions.
【主题词句背诵】
1.pool one's money, time and efforts to do sth
汇集某人的钱、时间和精力做某事
2.come into being 产生;形成
3.be of great significance 具有重大意义
4.play a role in… 在……中扮演角色;在……中起作用
5.get involved in 参与;卷入;涉及
6.arouse one's curiosity 激发某人的好奇心
7.It provides us with knowledge about the origin of life, with
which we learn the dangers and make adventures in science
and technology.
它给我们提供了关于生命起源的知识,用这些知识我们了解危险并在
科技领域进行探险。
8.In the near future, more nations will get involved in the cause
of space exploration. 在不久的未来,更多的国家将会参与到太空探
索的事业中来。
语言知识梳理
练习册
1.mental adj.(connected with or happening in the mind;
involving the process of thinking)精神的;思想的
(教材P38)Astronauts not only had to learn how to use space
equipment, but also had to do a lot of mental and physical
training.
宇航员不仅要学会如何使用太空设备,还要进行大量的心理和体能训练。
(1)mental health/illness/problem 心理健康/疾病/问题
physical and mental health 身心健康
(2)mentally adv. 精神上;心理上
physically adv. 身体上;肉体上
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①It's going to be a tough competition but I'm _________
(mental) prepared for it.
②Basketball is an interesting sport, but it's also __________
(physical) demanding.
mentally
physically
◆完成句子
③Getting close to nature is of great benefit to _______________
_________________.
亲近大自然有利于我们的身心健康。
our physical and mental health
④As is known, _______________________________ not only helps
with our study and life, but also contributes to a harmonious
society.
众所周知，身心健康不仅有助于我们的学习和生活，而且有助于建
立一个和谐的社会。
being physically and mentally fit
2.intelligent adj.(good at learning, understanding and thinking in
a logical way about things; showing this ability)有智慧的;聪明的;
有智力的
(教材P39)First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a
related college degree. 首先,你必须足够聪明才能获得一个相关的
大学学位。
(1)intelligent software/system 智能软件/系统
a highly intelligent student 非常聪明的学生
(2)intelligence n. 智力;才智;智慧
artificial intelligence(AI) 人工智能
a person of high/low intelligence 智力高/低的人
【佳句背诵】
We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an
impact on our lives in many ways.
我们可以观察到,人工智能已经通过许多方式对我们的生活产生了影响。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①With a large brain, human beings beat other beings in terms
of ___________ (intelligent).
②The railway stations of the future may be ________________
(intelligent)than we can possibly imagine.
intelligence
more intelligent
◆完成句子
③Steven had always been popular. __________________________
and well-mannered, but he also came from a well-off family.
史蒂文一直很受欢迎。他不仅聪明、彬彬有礼，而且家境富裕。
Not only was he intelligent
练 习 册
Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.The ___________ (宇航员)are conducting a series of
experiments to learn more about how the body adapts to
weightlessness.
astronauts
2.The officers insisted that Michael did not follow the correct
___________ (程序) in applying for a visa.
procedure
3.Exercise is good for your ________ (精神的) health, because
working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative
feelings.
mental
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.He's an __________ (有智慧的) player but lacks the muscle of
older competitors.
intelligent
5.The theme park is not available now because some
________(设备)are being repaired.
facilities
6.They were about the same height, around 175 ____________
(厘米) tall.
centimetres
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ⅱ 单句填空
1.Your performance did not meet the ____________ (require); in
other words, you failed the driving test.
requirement
2.Out of _________ (curious)，the elderly couple participated in
the activity held by the teens yesterday.
curiosity
3.While your IQ tells you how intelligent you are, your EQ tells
you how well you use your ___________ (intelligent).
intelligence
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.Everyone should be both physically and _________ (mental)
healthy.
mentally
5.He needs to finish several ___________ (procedure) before he
is formally appointed.
procedures
6.According to the World Health Organization,2.4 million people
die annually from causes directly ________ (relate) to air
pollution.
related
7.After the examination, the dentist suggested that she should
have the tooth _______ (pull).
pulled
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8.In Japan's capital city of Tokyo, the _______ (high) of buildings
is limited because of earthquake danger.
height
9.With temperature going ____, we found it hard to stay
outdoors.
up
10.Our new manager is not only capable _____ also gets along
well with others.
but
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Ⅲ 短语填空
1.Before the sales start, I ______________ (列出……的清单) what
my kids will need for the coming season.
make a list of
2.Their teachers often require them to discuss problems
__________ (以小组为单位) when necessary.
in groups
3.Each corner had a guard tower, each of which was exactly ten
metres __________ (在高度方面).
in height
4.A graduation ceremony is a custom that takes place when
students _______________ (从……毕业) a school.
graduate from
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5.Reading English aloud in the morning _________ helps practise
your oral English _________ helps strengthen your memory.
(不但……而且……)
not only
but also
6.If you __________________ (对……好奇)American literature, you
can read some books about it.
are curious about
7.If you want to be a professional footballer, you must
_________ (为……而接受训练) football as required.
train for
8.___________ (首先), you'd better know clearly what you want
to be before you choose your major.
First of all
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Ⅳ 阅读理解
A[2024·安徽安庆二中高一期中]
Life as an astronaut has various unique attractions. This can
include experiencing weightlessness and looking back at Earth as
a pale blue dot. Food is not among them. Space travellers over
the years have become used to certain foods such as freeze-
dried ice cream and liquid salt and pepper. Now, the menu is
set to be augmented, with the first space-grown lettuce (生菜)
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found to be as safe, nutritious and fresh as the Earth-grown
variety.
Gioia Massa of NASA Kennedy Space Centre is the lead
scientist on the lettuce-growing project. She said that growing
food in space could be wonderful for astronauts on missions
lasting more than one month. “If you store packaged food for a
long time, not only will the flavour and nutritional quality
decrease, but the vitamins will degrade. After eating such food,
astronauts' intake of nutrition is not ensured,” she said.
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Besides, for them, there may also be psychological benefits of
growing and looking after plants.
Lettuce has been grown in batches (分批) on board the
International Space Station (ISS). The vegetable production
system is known as Veggie. It is composed of plant pillows
(sealed units containing ceramic soil), LED lighting and a
watering system that allows astronauts to inject water through a
tube. The lettuce crops grow undisturbed for 33 to 56 days
before being harvested and eaten, or deep-frozen and returned
to Earth for chemical and biological analysis.
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The space-grown lettuces are similar in make-up to Earth-
grown ones but they have higher levels of bacteria (细菌),
possibly due to their growth in a warmer, more humid (潮湿的)
and closed-air system. But they are not found to carry any
harmful bacteria.
NASA is now enlarging the range of produce grown on
board the ISS. It will be quite some time before any vegetables
can be transformed into a dish, however. “While we have
nowhere to cook up there now, we can look forward to more
things that taste fresh,” Massa explained.
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【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如今宇航员在太空
舱成功种植了生菜。这不仅能为宇航员提供营养，而且种植和照顾
生菜也能促进宇航员的心理健康。
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( ) 1.What does the underlined word “augmented” probably
mean in Paragraph 1
A.Enlarged. B.Engaged. C.Reduced. D.Measured.
√
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[解析] 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Space travellers over the
years have become used to certain foods such as freeze-dried
ice cream and liquid salt and pepper.”可知，多年来，宇航员已经
习惯了某些食物，再根据画线词下文“…with the first space-grown
lettuce (生菜)found to be as safe, nutritious and fresh as the
Earth-grown variety.”可知，现在宇航员的菜单上有了新的食物——
生菜。由此推知，画线词augmented意为“增加”，与A项enlarged意
思一样，故选A。
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( ) 2.What do we know about growing space-grown lettuce
A.Its flavour and nutritional quality decline.
B.It is terrible for astronauts on missions.
C.It can contribute to astronauts' mental health.
D.It will make sure the astronauts' intake of nutrition.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Besides, for them, there may
also be psychological benefits of growing and looking after
plants.”可知，在太空种植生菜可以促进宇航员的心理健康。故选C。
√
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( ) 3.What can we infer from the text
A.Lettuces will be grown in batches on board.
B.The vegetable production system consists of three parts.
C.It will take at least 56 days to harvest the space-grown
lettuce crop.
D.Thanks to the growing environment, the space-grown lettuces
don't contain any harmful bacteria.
√
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The vegetable production
system is known as Veggie. It is composed of plant pillows
(sealed units containing ceramic soil), LED lighting and a
watering system that allows astronauts to inject water through a
tube.”［蔬菜生产系统被称为Veggie。它由植物枕头(含有陶土的密
封单元)、 LED 照明和一个允许宇航员通过管子注水的浇水系统组
成。］可推知，蔬菜生产系统由三部分组成。故选B。
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( ) 4.What does Massa mainly intend to explain in the last
paragraph
A.The difficulty in growing produce on board.
B.The necessity to enlarge the space on board.
C.The desire to enjoy cooked vegetables on board.
D.The expectation to enrich the variety of produce grown on
board.
√
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘While we have nowhere to
cook up there now, we can look forward to more things that
taste fresh,’ Massa explained.”(“虽然我们现在没有地方烹饪，我们
可以期待更多味道新鲜的东西，”马萨解释说。)可推知，在最后一段，
Massa试图解释，她希望丰富太空舱种植的农产品品种。故选D。
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B[2024·江苏扬州高一期中]
Sending human travellers to Mars would require scientists
and engineers to overcome a range of technological and safety
obstacles. One of them is the serious risk posed by particle
radiation (辐射) from the sun, distant stars and galaxies (星系).
Answering two key questions would go a long way towards
overcoming that difficulty: Would particle radiation pose too
serious a threat to human life throughout a round trip to the
red planet And, could the very timing of a mission to Mars
help shield astronauts and the spacecraft from the radiation
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In a new article published in the journal Space Weather, an
international team of space scientists, including researchers from
UCLA, answers those two questions with a “no” and a “yes”.
That is, humans should be able to safely travel to and from
Mars, only if the spacecraft has enough protection and the
round trip is shorter than approximately four years. And the
timing of a human mission to Mars would indeed make a
difference: the scientists determined that the best time for a
flight to leave Earth would be when solar activity is at its peak
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(高峰期), because, during this period, the most dangerous and
energetic particles from distant galaxies are deflected (偏转) by
the enhanced solar activity.
A trip of that length would be imaginable. The average
flight to Mars takes about nine months, so depending on the
timing of the launch and available fuel, it is reasonable that
astronauts could reach the planet and return to Earth in less
than two years, according to Yuri Shprits, a UCLA research
geophysicist and co-author of the paper.
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“This study shows that while space radiation imposes (强加)
strict limitations on how heavy the spacecraft can be and the
time of the launch, and it presents technological difficulties for
human missions to Mars, such a mission is possible,” said
Shprits, who also is head of space physics and space weather at
GFZ Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam, Germany.
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了前往火星的旅程中，
人类将会受到太空中的粒子辐射的影响。科学家认为，恰当的启程
时间和合理的旅行周期将能确保宇航员的安全。
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( ) 5.What's the function of the first paragraph
A.To list human's achievements in space.
B.To show a possible way to travel to Mars.
C.To introduce scientists' effort to travel to Mars.
D.To present one of the difficulties of the trip to Mars.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第一段的“One of them is the serious
risk posed by particle radiation(辐射) from the sun, distant stars
and galaxies (星系).”和第二段的“Answering two key questions
would go a long way towards overcoming that difficulty…”可推知，
第一段的作用是介绍人类前往火星需要克服的一个难题。故选D项。
√
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( ) 6.What does the underlined word “shield” in Paragraph
2 mean
A.Escape. B.Approach. C.Protect. D.Separate.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的from the radiation可知，此处
表示前往火星的恰当时机能否保护宇航员和宇宙飞船免受辐射的伤
害。由此可知，shield意为“保护”，与protect意思一致。故选C项。
√
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( ) 7.What is the longest duration of a round trip to Mars
for the safety of humans
A.About 9 months. B.Less than 4 years.
C.Less than two years. D.One year.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段的“That is, humans should be
able to safely travel to and from Mars, only if the spacecraft
has enough protection and the round trip is shorter than
approximately four years.”可知，人类安全地往返火星是可行的，前
提是宇宙飞船有足够的保护，而且往返时间少于四年，即往返火星
最长的期限是四年。故选B项。
√
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( ) 8.What can be the best title for the text
A.Will it be safe for humans to fly to Mars
B.Humans will travel to Mars in the near future
C.The timing of a trip to Mars is planned
D.Particle radiation changes for the solar activity
[解析] 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段“Answering two
key questions would go a long way towards overcoming that
difficulty: Would particle radiation pose too serious a threat to
human life throughout a round trip to the red planet
√
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And, could the very timing of a mission to Mars help shield
astronauts and the spacecraft from the radiation ”和第三段的
“That is, humans should be able to safely travel to and from
Mars, only if the spacecraft has enough protection and the
round trip is shorter than approximately four years.”可知，本文
主要讲的是人类前往火星将会受到太空中的粒子辐射的影响。科学
家认为合适的启程时间和合理的旅行周期将能确保宇航员的安全，A
项“Will it be safe for humans to fly to Mars ”可以做本文标题，
故选A项。
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Ⅴ 语法填空
[2024·浙江金华市卓越联盟高一期中]
India became the fourth country to reach the moon after it
successfully landed its Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft 1.____ August
23, 2023. While India follows Russia, the US, and China to the
moon, it is the first 2.________ (land) on a lunar pole.
Chandrayaan-3 achieved a “soft landing”—landing gently,
without damage, 3._______ enabled it to employ a rover
(探月车) to explore the lunar surface.
on
to land
which
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The lunar south pole is 4.___ subject of interest for scientists,
particularly because of the 5.__________ (discover) of traces of
water ice. Water is important for future space exploration,
serving as a possible fuel source for rockets. The mission has
already made 6.________ (excite) findings.
According to the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO),
the rover has found sulfur(硫黄) and several other 7._________
(element). These findings are important as they add to our
understanding of the moon. This mission also puts India on the
a
discovery
exciting
elements
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map as a rising power in space exploration. The ISRO
8.___________ (conduct) the mission with a budget of about $75
million, 9.____________ (significant) lower than similar projects by
other nations.
This achievement for India is not just a win for the country
10._____ also a super significant step forward for global efforts
in space exploration.
conducted
significantly
but
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【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。2023年8月23日，印度的月船3
号探测器成功抵月，印度成为第四个登陆月球的国家。印度的这一
成就不仅是国家的胜利，也是全球致力于太空探索向前迈出的超级
重要的一步。
1.____
on
[解析] 考查介词。表示在具体的某一天，用介词on。故填on。
2.________
to land
[解析] 考查不定式。“the+序数词+(名词)+动词不定式”为固定搭配，
动词不定式作后置定语。故填to land。
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3._______
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。此句是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，
指代前面整个句子，用关系代词which。故填which。
4.___
a
[解析] 考查冠词。泛指“一个课题”，用不定冠词修饰，且subject的
首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
5.__________
discovery
[解析] 考查名词。of后接名词discovery作宾语。the discovery of意
为“……的发现”。故填discovery。
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6.________
exciting
[解析] 考查形容词。修饰物，用-ing结尾的形容词。故填exciting。
7._________
elements
[解析] 考查名词复数。element为可数名词，且有several other修饰，
用复数形式。故填elements。
8.___________
conducted
[解析] 考查时态。陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填conducted。
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9.____________
significantly
[解析] 考查副词。此处用副词significantly作状语。 故填significantly。
10._____
but
[解析] 考查连词。not just…but also…是固定搭配，意为 “不仅……
而且……”。 故填but。
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