Unit 4 Space Exploration Period Two　Reading and Thinking 课件（共102张）+学案（含答案）+练习（含答案）

Period Two　Reading and Thinking
【课前自主探究】
Task 1: Text Structure Analysing
1.universe 　2.succeeded 　3.accidents/disasters
4.progress 　5.bright
Task 2: Fast Reading
(the development of) space exploration
Task 3: Careful Reading
1—4 BBBD
Task 4: Micro-writing
1.exploration　2.was launched　3.to enter　4.saying
5.but　6.independently　7.signaled　8.furthering
9.Despite 　10.that/which
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1.①determination　②are determined　③to cross　④I’m determined to be a doctor　⑤With a determined look (spreading) on his face
2.①has launched　②will be launched　③launched　④launch a class meeting on the theme of　⑤is scheduled to be launched
3.①on　②on　③boarded　④with about 100 people on board　⑤went on board/boarded a plane;went aboard a plane
4.①disappointment　②disappointed　③disappointing
④sighed with disappointment　⑤To their disappointment;What made them disappointed/What disappointed them;which made them disappointed/which disappointed them
5.①for　②(should) be given　③Knowing you have a strong desire to learn Chinese well　④If you desire to communicate with foreigners freely;If you desire that you (should) communicate with foreigners freely
6.①carry on (with)　②carried;through　③carried away　④is being carried out;whether it will be carried on　⑤for them to carry on the practice
7.①independence　②independently　③on　④to live independently
8.①signals　②to stop　③signaling/signalling　④symbol
⑤signal　⑥sign　⑦signa(l)ling the end of the Spring Festival
⑧signa(l)led him to follow me
9.①that　②for　③in the hope of　④hoping that you can share your experiences;in the hope that you can share your experiences
句型透视
①followed　②surrounded　③Given　④Warned　⑤Founded in September in 2010　⑥Beaten by the opposite teamPeriod Two　Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.1.rocket　2.gravity　3.vehicle　4.agencies
5.desire　6.mankind　7.satellites　8.launched　9.signals
10.universe
Ⅱ.1.to take　2.sending　3.leaped/leapt　4.determination　5.to keep　6.disappointment　7.independence　8.is transmitted　9.signa(l)led　10.was launched
Ⅲ.1.Make sure　2.figure out　3.focused on　4.was disappointed with　5.on board　6.was determined to
7.In the hope of　8.carry on
Ⅳ.1.Despite much effort to protect these endangered species
2.followed by his dog
3.the first country to land
4.Not only will you enjoy great/beautiful music
5.all the exercises (should) be handed in
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了现在很多富豪都热衷于太空旅行,而且很多大型公司都在努力实现它。但是现在太空旅行还不太现实,一是因为它会耗费太多的成本,二是因为安全问题。
1.B　推理判断题。根据第一段“On July 11th Virgin Galactic (维珍银河) finally realized the promise that it would take passengers on life-changing trips in its spaceships.”和“He may have been pleased to beat Jeff Bezos…”以及第二段第一句话“The two are among a growing group of fans who believe space travel’s time has come.”可推知,第一段提到Sir Richard Branson和Jeff Bezos是为了说明他们两个都是太空旅行的爱好者,从而引出文章的主题——太空旅行。故选B项。
2.A　词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Those at Morgan Stanley expect the entire space economy to bring in $1 trillion by 2040, from $350 billion today.”可知,Morgan Stanley公司预计,到2040年,整个太空经济将从目前的3500亿美元增加到1万亿美元。由此推知,太空经济是蓬勃发展的,因此boomed是“提高,发展”之意。故选A项。
3.C　细节理解题。根据第三段“The company is focusing on developing a large new rocket for launching satellites, on selling advanced rocket engines to other companies and on winning NASA contracts such as that for a system to land humans on the Moon.”可知,Blue Origin公司主要关注的是向其他公司出售先进的火箭引擎。故选C项。
4.C　细节理解题。根据第四段“…space travel, with its far higher ticket prices, will not be a huger earner.”以及第五段第一句话“Another challenge—also the biggest uncertainty—relates to safety.”可知,现在太空旅行最大的问题是安全问题,另外太空旅行价格昂贵,所以目前它没有广阔的市场。故选C项。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宇航员在外太空的日常生活。
1.E　E项“Some, such as dried pears, taste good right out of the packet.”承接上文“So, many space foods are dried on Earth and stored in special packets.”,举例说明了一种脱水太空食物,与上文构成顺承关系,其中dried pears, packet与上文内容照应。故选E项。
2.B　上文“On Earth, gravity is the force that keeps your feet on the ground and your sandwich on your plate.”讲地球引力让食物待在盘子里,下文“To keep food from floating(漂浮) away, astronauts on the space shuttle attach the packets to a special tray(托盘).” 说在太空中宇航员要用特殊托盘来防止食物飞走,上下文有转折关系,B 项“But there’s no gravity in space.”(但是在太空中没有重力。)说明原因,承上启下。故选B项。
3.A　根据句中连词so可知上下文有因果关系,A项“Liquids float right out of cups and glasses, though.”是下文“So astronauts drink everything from a small bag with a straw(吸管) that can be closed.”的原因。故选A项。
4.F　F项“Floating crumbs could get stuck in equipment or an astronaut’s eye.”是对上文“Astronauts eat tortillas instead of bread because they make fewer crumbs(碎屑).”提到的宇航员不吃面包的进一步解释,选项中的crumbs与上文照应。故选F项。
5.G　上文“The toilet has bars that keep astronauts from floating away.”讲的是卫生间的设施,G项“A strong flow of air is used instead of water to flush waste down the toilet.”(用一股强劲的气流代替水将排泄物冲下厕所。)承接上文,选项中的toilet与上文照应。故选G项。
Ⅶ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。中国下一代载人火箭预计将在2027年左右首飞,这枚尚未命名的新型火箭是中国载人登月计划的重要组成部分。
1.its　考查代词。修饰名词flight,应用形容词性物主代词its,在句中作定语。故填its。
2.on　考查介词。place…on the moon “把……放在月球上”。故填on。
3.which　考查定语从句。此句是非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句,且从句缺主语,用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4.biggest　考查形容词最高级。根据句意和定冠词the可知,应填形容词big的最高级形式biggest,表示“最大的”。故填biggest。
5.weighing　考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语, 被修饰名词spaceship与weigh之间是主动关系,用现在分词weighing。故填weighing。
6.will be carried　考查时态和语态。空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语,that指代先行词spaceflights,描述将要发生的动作,应用一般将来时,动词carry与其逻辑主语spaceflights是被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be carried。
7.that/which　考查定语从句。此句是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词rocket,先行词为物,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
8.materials　考查名词复数。此处泛指“材料、物资”,用复数materials。故填materials。
9.to land　考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式作后置定语修饰plan,表示“做某事的计划”。故填to land。
10.and　考查连词。hope后有三个动词不定式作宾语,即to carry out…,(to) develop…和(to) strengthen…,空处应填连词and表示并列。故填and。Period Two　Reading and Thinking
Task 1: Text Structure Analysing
Task 2: Fast Reading
The text is mainly about
　　　　　　　　.
Task 3: Careful Reading
Choose the best answer according to the passage.
(　)1.What do scientists do to find out the secrets of the universe
A.Look up at the stars.
B.Design vehicles to carry astronauts into space.
C.Transmit data back to Earth.
D.Establish a space station.
(　)2.What can we learn from Para. 2
A.Travelling into space was an impossible dream in the mid-20th century.
B.The USSR was the first country to launch a satellite into space.
C.Gagarin was the first man to step onto the moon.
D.America launched Voyager 1 to orbit Earth.
(　)3.What is the function of the International Space Station
A.Telling us the huge risks of space exploration.
B.Having astronauts from different countries on board.
C.Letting us believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration.
D.Encouraging the brave people to pay a visit to it.
(　)4.What’s the author mainly talking about in Para. 4
A.Yang Liwei orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.
B.Tianwen 1 was sent to explore the surface of Mars.
C.The Mengtian module was launched in 2022.
D.China has made great achievements in exploring space.
Task 4: Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space. Space 1.　　　　　　 (explore) has come a long way.
On 4 October 1957,the Sputnik 1 satellite 2.　　　　　　 (launch) by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. Afterwards, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world 3.　　　　　　 (enter) space. On 20 July 1969,American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, famously 4.　　　　　　 (say),“That’s one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.”
China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, 5.　　　　　　 it has made great progress in a short time. China became the third country in the world to 6.　　　　　　 (independent) send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module 7.　　　　　　 (signal) the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station, which will allow astronauts to conduct many important experiments, greatly 8.　　　　　　 (further) our understanding of the universe.
9.　　　　　　 the difficulties, scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries 10.　　　　　　 will enable the human race to survive well into the future.
1.determine　vt. 查明;确定;决定
(教材P40) However, scientists were determined to realise that dream. 然而,科学家们决定要实现这个梦想。
(1)determine to do sth(=make up one’s mind to do sth) 　　　　　　决心/决定做某事(表示动作)
(2)determined adj. 坚决的;有决心的
be determined to do sth
决心做某事(表示状态)
(3)determination n. 决定;决心
【佳句背诵】
As the professor puts it, it is a positive attitude that determines people’s success.
正如教授所说,正是积极的态度决定人们的成功。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷] Write a poem about how courage, 　　　　　　(determine), and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
②The 24 solar terms 　　　　　　　(determine) by changes in the sun’s position during the year.
③The old man was determined, even at his age, 　　　　　　(cross) the water to see his youngest son in New Zealand.
◆完成句子
④[2021·天津卷书面表达] In regard to your questions about my future careers, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
关于你对我未来职业的疑问, 我决心做一名医生。
⑤[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, David rose to his feet and advanced towards the starting line.
脸上带着坚定的表情,大卫站了起来,向起跑线前进。
2.launch　vt.& n. (to start an activity, especially an organized one)发起;发射;上市
(教材P40) On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. 在1957年10月4日,苏联发射了“旅伴一号”卫星并且它成功地绕地球运行。
(1)launch a rocket/missile 　发射火箭/导弹
launch an attack 发起攻击
launch a new product 推出新产品
(2)a rocket launch 火箭发射
the launch of… ……的发起/推出
【佳句背诵】
The launch of the space shuttle was delayed for 24 hours because of bad weather.
因天气恶劣,航天飞机的发射被推迟了24个小时。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①In the latest development, the city’s Hongqiao Railway Station, one of Asia’s biggest traffic centres, 　　　　　　　　(launch) a 5G network.
②Weather permitting, a winter hike 　　　　　　(launch) to get us close to nature and raise students’ health awareness.
③The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences,
(launch) this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.
◆完成句子
④Our school is going to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　“Traditional Chinese Culture”, which will be shown on an English website. (应用文写作之通知)
我们学校将推出一个以“中国传统文化”为主题的班会,该班会将在一个英文网站上展示。
⑤The activity
at the school hall on the afternoon of April 23rd, which is named World Book and Copyright Day.
该活动定于4月23日下午在学校礼堂启动,这一天被命名为世界图书和版权日。(应用文写作之通知)
3.on board　在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上;支持
(教材P40)And the International Space Station (1998) has provided a continuous human presence in space, with astronauts from many different countries on board. 国际空间站(1998)使人类能够持续在太空中开展工作,上面有来自不同国家的宇航员。
(1)board n. 　　　　板;木板;董事会;委员会
　　　 v. 上船/车/飞机
go on board 上(船/飞机/火车)
go/get aboard(the ship/plane/train)
上(船/飞机/火车)
(2)a message board 留言板
a diving board 跳水板
on the board 在董事会
【佳句背诵】
All their luggage checked, the couple boarded the plane for New York. 所有的行李都检查过了,这对夫妇登上了飞往纽约的飞机。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The pilot asked all the passengers 　　　　　　board to remain seated as the plane was making a landing.
②[2023·浙江1月考] If you have individuals who are not 　　　　　　board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
③[2022·全国甲卷] In March 2008, Ginni
(board) a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica.
◆完成句子/一句多译
④The plane came down in bad weather 　　　　　　　　　　　　on Tuesday.(用with复合结构)
星期二,飞机在恶劣天气中坠落,当时机上有约100人。
⑤六个月前,她告别了她在中国的家人和朋友,登上了飞往伦敦的飞机。
→Six months ago, she said goodbye to her family and friends in China and 　　　　　　　　　　for London.(board)
→Six months ago,she said goodbye to her family and friends in China and 　　　　　　　　for London.(aboard)
4.disappointment　n. (sadness because sth has not happened or been as good, successful, etc. as you expected or hoped)失望;沮丧
(教材P41)However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die.
可是,尽管这些灾难带来了太多悲伤和失望,但是探索宇宙的渴望并未消失。
(1)to one’s disappointment　 令某人失望的是
(2)disappoint vt. 使……失望
(3)disappointing adj. 令人失望的
(4)disappointed adj. 失望的
be disappointed with… 对……失望
be disappointed at sth 对某事失望
be disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望
【佳句背诵】
Angry and disappointed, I turned around and faced her, tears rolling down my cheeks. 我既愤怒又失望,转过身来面对着她,眼泪顺着脸颊滚落下来。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Despite winning the title, their last campaign ended in great 　　　　　　　　　　(disappoint).
②The stadium was jammed and they had to turn away hundreds of 　　　　　　(disappoint) fans.
③The next day, we got a 　　　　　　(disappoint) message that another buyer had offered a much higher price.
◆完成句子/句式改写
④Three weeks passed, no reply from LA. My son 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　when carefully checking the mail box.(读后续写之情绪描写)
三个星期过去了,洛杉矶那边没有回信。我的儿子仔细查看邮箱时,失望地叹了口气。
⑤[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] 　　　　　　　　　　　　, they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.
→　 was
that they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.(用what引导的主语从句改写)
→They failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt, 　.
(用which引导的定语从句改写)
令他们失望的是,他们第一次尝试做母亲节早餐失败了。
5.desire　n.(a strong wish to have or do sth)渴望;欲望 vt.(to want sth; to wish for sth)渴望;期望
(教材P41)However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. 可是,尽管这些灾难带来了太多悲伤和失望,但是探索宇宙的渴望并未消失。
　　　　　　　　　　　　
(1)have a desire
(2)desire
(3)desirable adj. 可取的;值得拥有的
[温馨提示] “desire that+主语+(should+)动词原形”意为“希望……”。desire 后的宾语从句和同位语从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should 可以省略。
此类动词还有: 命令order/command; 建议advise/suggest/propose/recommend; 要求demand, require, request等。
【佳句背诵】
Everyone desires to succeed/has a desire for success while success only belongs to the hard-working people.
每个人都渴望成功,而成功只属于努力的人。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①All these victims have just suffered the severe earthquake, so they have a keen desire 　　　　　the medicine, fresh food and pure water.
②We desire that immediate help 　　　　　　(give) to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.
◆完成句子/一句多译
③　,
I’d like to offer you some suggestions.
得知你很想学好汉语, 我想给你一些建议。(应用文写作之建议信)
④[2022·天津卷书面表达] 如果你渴望无障碍地与外国人交流,我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语俱乐部。
→　,
I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire to do)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire that)
6.carry on　继续做,坚持干
(教材P41) This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. 这是因为人们相信坚持进行太空探索的重要性,哪怕面临巨大的风险。
(1)carry on with sth (=go on with sth)
　　　　　　　　　　　继续做某事
carry on doing sth 继续做某事
(2)carry out 开展,实施,执行
carry sb through 帮助某人渡过难关
carry away 带走;拿走;搬走
【活学活用】
◆用carry 短语的适当形式填空
①They decided to 　　　　　　　　the work in spite of the weather.
②There is no doubt that his courage 　　　　　　him 　　　　　　his illness.
③Several people in the crowd collapsed and had to be 　　　　　　　　by National Guard troops.
◆完成句子
④Though the task 　　　　　　　　, nobody knows 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to the end.
虽然这项任务正在进行,但没有人知道它是否会进行到底。
⑤[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文写作] If the two students paired together are both poor in spoken English, it’ll be extremely difficult 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 如果这两个配对的学生英语口语都很差,他们将很难继续练习。
7.independently　adv.独立地;自立地
(教材P41)China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. 在2003年中国成为世界上第三个独立把人类送入太空的国家,当时杨利伟乘坐“神舟五号”宇宙飞船成功环绕地球运行。
(1)independent adj.　　 独立的;自主的
(2)independence n. 独立
(3)dependent adj. 依靠的;依赖的
be dependent on 依赖;取决于
(4)depend v. 依靠,依赖
depend on 依靠;信赖;取决于
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Born to a farming family in 1875, Patel helped India gain 　　　　　　(independent) from Britain in 1947.
②In the Internet age flooded with information, we should learn to think 　　　　　　(independent) and make our own judgements rather than blindly follow the crowd.
③Children as young as ten are becoming dependent 　　　　　　social media for their sense of self-worth, a major study warned.
◆完成句子
④As far as I am concerned, doing housework will not affect our study; instead it can help us strengthen the relationship with our parents and cultivate our ability 　　　　　　　　　　. 就我而言,做家务不会影响我们的学习,相反,它可以帮助我们加强与父母的关系,培养我们独立生活的能力。
8.signal　vt.& vi. (to be a sign that sth exists or is likely to happen)标志着;标明;发信号 n.信号;标志
(教材P41)In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module signaled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.
2022年,梦天舱的发射标志着天宫空间站的基本建成。
(1)give signals/a signal to sb
　　　　　　　　　　　向某人发信号
a danger/warning/traffic signal
危险/警告/交通信号
(2)signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事
signal (that)… 示意……
【易混辨析】
signal, symbol和sign
signal 　指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。
symbol 　指象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。
sign 　普通用词,指人们公认的事物的标志或某种情况的征兆,也可表示“示意动作;手势”等。
【佳句背诵】
The changing colour of the leaves on the trees is a signal that it will soon be autumn.
树叶颜色的改变表明秋天即将来临。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①We overlook all sorts of warning 　　　　　　(signal) about our own health in our daily life.
②The policeman signaled the driver 　　　　　　(stop) his car by raising his hand.
③Xiaoman is an important solar term in China 　　　　　　　　(signal)the beginning of the summer season.
◆选词填空(signal/symbol/sign)
④The Great Wall of China is regarded as a 　　　　of Chinese nation.
⑤When they found the ship was sinking, they sent out the emergency 　　　　　　SOS.
⑥You mustn’t smoke in a room with a “No Smoking” 　　　　　　.
◆完成句子
⑦The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　celebrations.正月十五是元宵节,标志着春节庆祝活动的结束。(话题写作之传统文化)
⑧I ran up to the car, took him by the arm and 　　　　　　　　　　.我跑向汽车,拉住他的胳膊,示意他跟我走。(读后续写之动作描写)
9.in the hope of doing sth　抱着……的希望
(教材P41)Mankind is exploring space in the hope of finding out more about the universe.
人类正在探索太空,希望能发现宇宙更多的秘密。
(1)in the hope that… 　希望……(that 引导同位语从句)
(2)hope for 希望
hope to do sth 希望做某事
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The doctors gave him more powerful drugs in the hope 　　　　　　he might recover.
②“Hope 　　　　　　the best and prepare for the worst” means life is beautiful and full of frustrations as well.
◆完成句子/一句多译
③They present their ideas 　　　　　　　　getting investment and advice.
他们表达自己的想法,希望获得投资和建议。
④我听说你从埃及回来了。我写这封信给你,希望你能尽快与我分享你在埃及的经历。(应用文写作之求助信)
→Hearing you had come back from Egypt, I’m writing this letter to you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in Egypt with me as soon as possible. (hope vt.)
→Hearing you had come back from Egypt, I’m writing this letter to you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in Egypt with me as soon as possible. (hope n.)
(教材P41) Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.
此后,“神舟六号”和“神舟七号”分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行以及中国人的第一次太空行走,随后“玉兔”月球车被送上月球以研究月球表面。
过去分词(短语)作状语
句型公式　
【句式点拨】
句中followed by…是过去分词短语作伴随状语,可以转换为and was followed by…。
【相关拓展】
(1)过去分词作状语的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致,过去分词与逻辑主语之间一般是被动关系。
(2)表示时间、原因、条件、让步的过去分词可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列结构。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The film star walked to his car, 　　　　　　(follow) by a crowd of journalists.
②My English teacher stood there, 　　　　　　(surround) by some students asking questions.
③　　　　　　 (give) more time and support, we could have done it better.
④　　　　　　 (warn) of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
◆完成句子/句式改写
⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　, the club aims to help cultivate/arouse students’ interest in Chinese calligraphy.
该俱乐部成立于2010年9月,旨在帮助培养/激发学生对中国书法的兴趣。
⑥Though they were beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, the players were not discouraged. (用过去分词改写)
Period Three　Discovering Useful Structure
1.so as to (do sth)　为了,以便
(教材P42)In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for later use. 在太空,宇航员收集所有的脏水以便于回收,供以后使用。
(1)so as to后跟目的状语, 意为“以便……;为使……”,表目的,只能位于句中。其否定形式用so as not to。
(2)in order to后跟目的状语, 意为“为了……;以便……”,可位于句首或句中。
(3)so that引导目的状语从句, 意为“为了……;以便……”。
(4)in order that引导目的状语从句,意为“为了……;目的是……”。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①We should improve our ability to engage in international communication so as 　　　　　　(tell) China’s story well and make the voice of China heard.
②As Tan once said, Chinese music should carry “universal expression” of the human spirit so as 　　　　　　　　　　(recognise) by the whole world.
③They flew there in order 　　　　　　they might be in time to attend the opening ceremony.
◆完成句子/一句多译
④Talk quietly in the reading room 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
在阅览室里,不要大声说话,以免妨碍别人。
⑤为了丰富我们的校园生活,我们学校于上周日组织了一次5公里越野跑比赛。
→　,
our school organized a 5km cross-country running race last Sunday.
→Our school organized a 5km cross-country running race last Sunday, 　.
→Our school organized a 5km cross-country running race last Sunday 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.lack　n. (the state of not having sth or not having enough of sth)缺乏;短缺 vt. (to have none or not enough of sth)没有;缺乏
(教材P42)Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy. 在太空中由于缺乏引力,宇航员的骨骼和肌肉可能会变得很弱,因此他们需要每天进行锻炼,这将有助于他们保持健康。
(1)lack sth 　　　　　　　缺少某物
(2)a lack of… 缺乏……
for lack of… 因缺乏……
(3)lacking adj. 短缺的;缺乏的
be lacking in 缺乏;缺少
【佳句背诵】
Though she has a well-paid job, she often cannot make both ends meet for a lack of the ability to manage money.
虽然她有一份收入不错的工作,但是因为她不善理财而经常入不敷出。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities 　　　　　　lack of space.
②Like many traditional Chinese art forms, Kunqu has been faced with competition from mass culture and a lack 　　　　　　interest among young people.
③[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] Emma says it’s challenging to be a health expert, because people can be easily influenced by advertisements 　　　　　　(lack) scientific support.
◆完成句子/句式改写
④Nowadays, there is often 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　between parents and children, which might result from 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
如今,父母和孩子之间往往缺乏相互理解,这可能是由缺乏沟通所致。
⑤[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] Though they 　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.
→Though 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.(用省略句改写)
尽管这对双胞胎缺乏烹饪经验,但他们通过上网寻求建议来弥补。
3.beyond　prep.在更远处;超出
(教材P42)Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve.
把人送到其他星球,或者甚至到太阳系外不是一个容易实现的目标。
(1)prep. 指位置上“在更远处”
(2)prep. 指能力、范围、时间或数量上“非……所能及;超出、超过……”
(3)prep. 指“除……之外”
(4)adv. 指“在另一边;在(或向)更远处”
(5)常用词块
beyond sb 　　　　　令某人无法理解
beyond belief/control/repair
无法相信/控制/修复
beyond expression/description/recognition
无法表达/难以形容/无法辨认
beyond/without doubt 毫无疑问
【活学活用】
◆一词多义
①In the meeting room there were not beyond ten professors present. 　　　　　
②Snowdon and the mountains beyond were covered in snow. 　　　　　
③What else do you know about the stranger beyond what they have said about him 　　　　　
◆完成句子
④[2021·浙江1月考读后续写] The video got thousands of clicks and reviews within hours, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 我完全没想到这段视频在数小时内获得了数千次点击和评论。
⑤[2023·全国乙卷书面表达] In many ways, basketball taught me the importance of discipline, teamwork, and perseverance. The joy and satisfaction of making a perfect shot or a crucial play are 　　　　　　　　. 在很多方面,篮球教会了我纪律、团队合作和毅力的重要性。完美的投篮或者关键的动作带来的快乐和满足是无法用语言表达的。
4.(教材P42) As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.
众所周知,为了在太空中工作,宇航员需要健康且冷静。
as we all know众所周知
句型公式　
【句式点拨】
as we all know是个常用句型,意为“众所周知”。其他的表达方式还有:as everyone knows/as is known to all/It is known to all that/What’s known to all等。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①　　　　　　 everyone knows, China has one of the highest savings rates in the world.
②Using clean energy, 　　　　　　is known to all, plays an important role in pollution reduction.
③　　　　　　 is known to all that soccer is not popular in America, just as basketball in England.
④　　　　　　 is known to all is that nobody can casually succeed, and that success comes from a person’s perseverance.
◆一句多译
⑤众所周知,旅行可以使我们放松身体,拓展视野,丰富我们的生活。
→　　　　　　　　,travelling may relax our body, broaden our mind and enrich our life.(用定语从句)
→　　　　　　　　　　 that travelling may relax our body, broaden our mind and enrich our life. (用it作形式主语)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　 that travelling may relax our body, broaden our mind and enrich our life.(用主语从句)
不定式作定语和状语
【探究发现】
1.(教材P38)To become an astronaut in China, you have to have 1,350 hours of flying experience.
2.(教材P39)First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
3.(教材P40)…on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.
4.(教材P42)As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.
【自我归纳】
上述句子中,1/2/4是不定式作　　　　　　;3是不定式作　　　　　　。
【语法详解】
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成。to是不定式标志,无意义,有时可省略。其否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。这里重点讲解动词不定式作定语和状语的用法。
1.动词不定式作定语
(1)动词不定式作定语,常放在被修饰的名词后面作后置定语,表示尚未发生的动作。
I have an important meeting to attend.
我有一个重要的会议要参加。
(2)名词被形容词最高级、序数词或all, any, no, only等限定词限定,且不定式里的动词与名词为主动关系,后接不定式(短语)作定语。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是第一位在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。
(3)常用在抽象名词attempt,ability,belief,chance,decision,desire,effort,determination,means,plan,promise,right,time,way,wish或不定代词something, nothing等后面作后置定语。
Women have no right to vote and to be voted in that country. 在那个国家,女性没有选举权和被选举权。
(4)不定式里的动词与被修饰的词有动宾关系,且句中有该不定式的逻辑主语时,该不定式通常用主动形式表被动意义;若是不及物动词,其后还要加上适当的介词。
The manager is particular about the paper to write on. 经理对写字的纸很挑剔。
2.动词不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语可表示目的、结果及原因等,其逻辑主语是句子的主语,故常用主动形式。
(1)表目的:也可用于so as to和in order to之后表示强调。
In ancient China, food was stored with ice to keep fresh. 在中国古代,食物为了保鲜同冰一起贮存。
(2)表结果:常用于enough to, so…as to, such…as to, only to以及too…to等结构中。
I’m not such a fool as to believe him.
我还不至于傻到相信他。
注意:不定式短语表示结果时,常与only 连用,暗示一种意外的结果。
He hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had left.
他急匆匆赶到火车站,结果却发现火车已经开走了。
(3)表原因:常用于表示情绪和心理活动的形容词之后。
I feel greatly honoured to be invited to attend this party. 被邀请参加这次聚会,我感到十分荣幸。
(4)用在“be+性质形容词+不定式”结构中。常见的形容词有:comfortable,dangerous,difficult,easy,fit,good,hard,heavy,interesting,impossible,light,pleasant,safe等。
This sofa is very comfortable to sit on.
这个沙发坐起来很舒适。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.I was watching the clock all through the meeting as I had a train 　　　　　　(catch).
2.George returned after the war, only 　　　　　(tell) that his wife had left him.
3.This is the best way we can think of 　　　　　(reduce) the waste of water in students’ bathrooms.
4.The airport 　　　　　　　　(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
5.Our tour includes a chance 　　　　　　(walk) in the footstep of Van Gogh and Gauguin.
6.It’s said that Jackson is the best man 　　　　　(do) the job.
7.His ability 　　　　　　(get) on well with people is his chief advantage.
8.He’s always the first one 　　　　　　(come) to the classroom.
9.Group activities will be organized after class 　　　　　　(help) children develop team spirit.
10.　　　　　　 (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smartphones.
●Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.On behalf of the Students’ Union, I’d like to extend warm welcome to you all to the Traditional Chinese Cultural Week 　　　　　　in the Arts Centre.(hold)我谨代表学生会对各位来宾参加在艺术中心举办的中国传统文化周表示热烈的欢迎。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, schools should reduce the academic burden of students and increase the time of outdoor activities.(deal with)为了解决这个日益严重的问题,学校应该减轻学生的学习负担,增加户外活动的时间。
3.　,
a clothes and quilt folding competition was held in our school last Sunday.(in order to)为了培养学生的基本生活技能,上周日我们学校举办了一场叠衣服和叠被子的比赛。
4.Yesterday I went to see her 　　　　　　　　that she had gone abroad a week before. (only to do sth) 昨天我去看她,却得知她一周前出国了。
5.Unless you can sleep well, you will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. (focus)
除非你能睡个好觉,否则在一两个晚上之后,你就会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力。
Period Four　Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing
1.keen　adj. (wanting to do sth or wanting sth to happen very much)热衷的;渴望的;强烈的;灵敏的
(教材P43)I’m very keen to know…
我非常渴望知道……
(1)be keen on (doing) sth 喜欢(做)某事;热衷于(做)某事
be keen to do sth 渴望去做某事
be keen that… 渴望……
(2)take a keen interest in (=be/become keenly interested in) 对……产生浓厚的兴趣
[温馨提示] 表示“喜欢”的词汇:
enjoy sth/doing sth喜欢某物/做某事
care for照顾;喜欢
go in for爱好(某活动);对……感兴趣
fall/be in love with爱上;喜欢上
【佳句背诵】
Like so many football fans, Wenger took a keen interest in events in Spain on Wednesday night.
就像很多足球狂热爱好者一样,温格对周三晚上在西班牙进行的赛事产生了浓厚的兴趣。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①He has always been very keen 　　　　　　doing physical exercises.
②Americans are 　　　　　　(keen) interested in health and retirement benefits, whereas Indians emphasize growth rates and innovation.
③There is an increasing trend that today’s parents are keen 　　　　　　(send) their children to the best schools.
◆完成句子/一句多译
④My grandfather, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　two years ago, is now addicted to fishing.
我的爷爷,两年前热衷于集邮,现在痴迷于钓鱼。
⑤鉴于您对中国的传统节日端午节非常感兴趣,我写信向您介绍这一节日。(话题写作之传统文化)
→Given that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, Dragon Boat Festival,I am writing to introduce it to you.
→Given that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, Dragon Boat Festival,I am writing to introduce it to you.
→Given that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, Dragon Boat Festival,I am writing to introduce it to you.
2.argue　vt.& vi.(to speak angrily to sb because you disagree with them)争辩;争论;论证
(教材P44)Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. 有些人主张, 我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。
(1)argue with sb about/over sth
　　　　　　　　　　与某人争论/辩论某事
argue for… 赞成,为……而力争
argue against… 反驳
argue sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事
argue sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事
(2)argument n. 争论;辩论;理由;论据
(argue的名词形式需要去掉e加-ment)
beyond argument 无可争辩
【佳句背诵】
It’s no use arguing with him about/over the question, for he won’t change his mind.
和他争论这个问题没有用,因为他不会改变自己的想法。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Mary argued 　　　　　　publishing this book, firmly believing that it was harmful to children.
②[2021·北京卷] You can engage in an 　　　　(argue) respectfully without stirring up anger.
③[2021·北京卷] Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people. The mental health benefits from music can’t 　　　　　(argue) as well.
◆完成句子
④[2021·浙江6月考读后续写] I thought I could


as I wished.我原以为我能说服我的父母允许我按照我自己的意愿花钱。
⑤[2022·全国乙卷书面表达] Based on the above chart,65% of the students 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　while 　　　　　　　　　　　　　they can have their English level improved by reading English classics.
根据上面的表格,65%的学生赞成听英语歌曲,而18%的学生主张他们可以通过读英语经典作品提高他们的英语水平。
3.result in　导致;造成
(教材P44)It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.
如今环绕地球运行的众多卫星都直接归功于太空探索。
(1)result in(=cause/bring about/lead to/
contribute to) 　　　　导致;造成
(2)result from… 由……引起
(3)as a result 结果是,因此
as a result of… 由于……
【佳句背诵】
As is known to us all, failure usually results from laziness while diligence can result in success. 众所周知,失败通常源于懒惰,而勤奋可以带来成功。
【活学活用】
◆用result短语的适当形式填空
①The new report notes that a large majority of wildfires 　　　　　　human activities.
②The greatest dilemmas arise from moral problems, when we are uncertain which choice 　　　　　　doing the right thing.
③All singers kept together. 　　　　　　, their performance was successful.
④　　　　　　 your carelessness, the whole project should be put off at least one month.
◆完成句子
⑤A heavy fog 　　　　　　a severe traffic jam and his being late just 　　　　　　the traffic jam.
一场大雾导致了一场严重的交通堵塞,而他的迟到正是因为这场堵塞。
⑥[2022·浙江1月考应用文写作] Not only did the festival immerse us in diverse cultures, but
　mutual understanding and friendship.
文化节不仅使我们浸润在不同的文化中,也促进了彼此的理解和友谊。
4.limited　adj.(not very great in amount or extent)有限的
(教材P44)Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.
看着我们星球的照片,它犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个岛屿,这让人们意识到我们星球的资源是有限的。
limit v.　　　　　 限制;限定
n. 限制;限定
limit…to… 把……限定在……的范围内
be limited to… 限定于……
beyond the limit 超过限度
set a limit to sth 对某物规定限度
there is a/no limit to 对……有限制/无限制
【佳句背诵】
There is a limit to one’s life, but no limit to serving the people. 人的生命是有限的,但为人民服务是无限的。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Your speech is a little long, so you’d better try to limit it 　　　　　　no more than three minutes.
②On the whole, I do have to admit that here, people’s knowledge of Chinese literature is rather 　　　　　　(limit).
③One study found that simply 　　　　　　(limit) yourself to six hours of sleep a night for two weeks had similar effects to staying up all night the night before.
◆完成句子/句式改写
④You’re required to 　.
If your essay is 　　　　　　　　, it will not be accepted.要求你的文章限制在800字以内。如果你的文章超过了限度,将不被接受。(应用文写作之投稿要求)
⑤The space was 　　　　　　　　they had to sleep on the floor.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that they had to sleep on the floor.(用倒装句改写)
空间如此有限,他们只得在地上睡觉。
5.provide for sb　提供生活所需
(教材P44)In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.
为了给如此快速增长的人口提供生活所需,科学家们正在努力寻找有朝一日可以成为我们新家园的其他星球。
(1)provide sth for sb/provide sb with sth
　　　　　　　　　　　　为某人提供某物
supply sb with sth/supply sth to sb
为某人提供某物
offer sb sth/offer sth to sb 为某人提供某物
(2)provided/providing (that)…
假如;以……为条件
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2021·天津3月考] Beyond simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity 　　　　　　kids in his neighbourhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.
②[2023·浙江1月考] When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided 　　　　　　a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one.
③It is estimated that coral reefs contribute billions of dollars to world economies annually, 　　　　　(provide) food, protection of shorelines, and jobs.
◆完成句子/一句多译
④“Online concert” has broken the limitation of time and space, thus 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the future development of theatres. “线上音乐会”不受时空的局限,为剧场未来的发展提供了新机遇。
⑤比赛旨在为学生提供一个平台,让他们展示自己的语言技巧、流利程度和表达能力。(应用文写作之活动介绍)
→The competition is aimed at 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to showcase their language skills, fluency, and expression.(for)
→The competition is aimed at 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to showcase their language skills, fluency, and expression.(with)
6.in closing　最后
(教材P44)In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.
最后,探索太空给世人提供了很多不同的益处。
　　　　　　　　　　
表示“顺序”的连接词:
(1)表示“首先,开始”:to begin/start with, first of all, firstly, in the first place;
　　　　　　　　　　
(2)表示“其次,另外,还有”:secondly, in the second place, besides, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, in addition;
(3)表示“最后,总之”:at last, last but not least, above all, all in all, to sum up, in one word, on the whole。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①　　　　　　 closing, I would like to say a few words about China’s efforts to promote foreign investment.
②I thought today was going to be really bad. To start 　　　　　　, it was raining, and rainy days make me sad.
③I can’t have any pets because my mother hates them. 　　　　　　　, our apartment is too small.
◆完成句子
④　　　　　　　　, I would like to remind you that each person has a gift and a purpose in life.
最后,我要提醒大家,每个人都有天赋,都有生活的目标。
7.run out　用完;耗尽
(教材P45)It is necessary to find a new home for people in space, as the resources on Earth will run out. 有必要在太空中为人们寻找一个新家园,因为地球上的资源将会耗尽。
(1)run out of(=use up) 　用完;耗尽(主语通常为人)
run out(=give out) 用完;耗尽(主语通常为物,不用于被动)
(2)run for 竞选
run across 偶然遇到
run into 撞上;遇到;邂逅
run after 追赶,追逐;追求
run through 快速浏览;快速穿越
【佳句背诵】
She has run out of/used up her money, and her patience is also running out/giving out.
她的钱已经用完了,她的耐心也要耗尽了。
【活学活用】
◆用run短语的适当形式填空
①The policemen are 　　　　　　　　a prisoner who escaped last night.
②If you travel alone in the forest, you may 　　　　　　danger.
③She 　　　　　　an old friend of hers on the way to the station.
④Rescue efforts are still under way, but time is 　　　　　　　　.
◆完成句子/一句多译
⑤[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] David’s energy 　　　　　　　　but when he heard loud cheers from the other kids,he was plodding(步履艰难) his way towards the finish line, bathed in sweat.
大卫的体力消耗殆尽,但当他听到其他孩子的大声欢呼时,他汗流浃背,艰难地向终点线走去。
⑥我的钱快要用完了,我得削减一些生活开支了。
→My money is 　　　　　　and I have to cut down some of the living expenses.
→I’m 　　　　　　　　my money and I have to cut down some of the living expenses.
→　　　　　　　　　　　, I have to cut down some of the living expenses. (用with复合结构)
8.attach　vt.(to fasten or join one thing to another)系;绑;贴
(教材P46)While sleeping, they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around. 在睡觉的时候,他们必须把自己固定到某个东西上,以防止四处漂浮。
(1)attach/tie/fasten…to…
　　　　　　　把……固定/附在……上
attach importance/significance/value, etc.to sth
认为某物有重要性/意义/价值等
(2)attached adj. 依恋;附属于……;所附的
be attached to 附属于;依恋
[温馨提示] attach…to…中的to为介词,其后接名词、代词或动名词。
【佳句背诵】
A good ad often uses words to which people attach positive meanings.
一个好的广告经常使用人们赋予正面意义的词语。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①After graduation, he has been working in a hospital, 　　　　　　(attach) to the medical college nearby.
②For more detailed information, you might as well check the 　　　　　　(attach) poster.
③In my opinion, more importance should be attached to 　　　　　　(develop) students’ ability to solve problems.
◆完成句子/一句多译
④As is known to all, Chinese people 　　　　　　　　　　　　the seating order at formal dinners.
众所周知,中国人非常重视在正式宴会上的座次顺序。(应用文写作之传统文化)
⑤在十岁生日时她收到了一盒巧克力,上面附有一张卡片,写着“生日快乐”。
→On her tenth birthday she received a box of chocolates, 　　　　　　　　　　　　, saying “Happy birthday!” (用定语从句)
→On her tenth birthday she received a box of chocolates 　　　　　　　　　　　　, saying “Happy birthday!”(用with复合结构)
1.(教材P44) In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. 最后,探索太空给世人提供了很多不同的益处。
v.-ing(短语)作主语
句型公式　
【句式点拨】
句中exploring space是v.-ing形式,在句中作主语。v.-ing形式作主语一般表示经常性、习惯性的动作,单个v.-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
[温馨提示] v.-ing形式作主语时常后置,此时须用it作形式主语,用形容词或名词作表语,但这类形容词和名词较少,常见的形容词有: good, worthwhile, useless, worth等。常见的名词或名词短语有:no use, no good, fun, a wonder, a waste of time等。常见句型:
It is no use/good doing sth.做某事没用。
It is of little use/good doing sth. 做某事没什么用。
It is useless doing sth. 做某事没用。
It is a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间。
There is no point (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①It is no use 　　　　　　(blame); instead we should do something to protect the balance of the ecosystem.
②　　　　　　 (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
③As a parent, assessing the safety of the smartwatch 　　　　　　(be) a must before you decide to buy one for your kid.
◆完成句子
④His 　　　　　　　　　　　　made him ashamed and he hung his head in shame.
他考试又不及格使他很羞愧,他羞愧地低着头。(读后续写之心理描写)
⑤　　　　　　　　　　 made my heart in my mouth.But I knew that it was no use 　　　　　　　　　　　　and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　was what I must do right now.
在森林中迷路使我的心提到了嗓子眼。但是我知道感到害怕是没用的,找到走出森林的路才是我现在必须做的事情。(读后续写之心理描写)
2.(教材P48) Olympus Mons, the largest volcano on Mars, is about twice as high as Mount Qomolangma. 火星上最大的火山——奥林帕斯山大约是珠穆朗玛峰的两倍高。
倍数表达法
句型公式　
【句式点拨】
twice as high as…是一种倍数的表达方法, 意为“是……的两倍高”。
常见的倍数表示法:
(1)倍数+as+many/much+n.+as
(2)倍数+as+adj./adv.+as
(3)倍数+形容词比较级/副词比较级+than
(4)倍数+the size/length/height/depth/width/amount+of
[温馨提示] 表示“两倍”时,用twice或double,三倍或三倍以上则用“基数词+times”来表达。句式中表示倍数也可用分数或百分数。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①It’s said that the power plant is now 　　　　　　(two) as large as what it was.
②This room is three times the 　　　　　　(long) of the other, but much narrower.
③Over the last few decades, the Arctic has heated up two to three times 　　　　　　(fast) than the rest of the planet.
◆完成句子/一句多译
④According to statistics, a man is more than 　　　　　　　　to die of skin cancer 　　　　　　a woman.
据统计,男性死于皮肤癌的可能性是女性的两倍多。
⑤大熊猫国家公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。
→Covering an area 　　　　　　　　　　　　Yellowstone National Park, the Giant Panda National Park will be one of the first national parks in China.(as…as)
→Covering an area 　　　　　　　　　　　　Yellowstone National Park, the Giant Panda National Park will be one of the first national parks in China. (than)
→Covering an area 　　　　　　　　　　　Yellowstone National Park, the Giant Panda National Park will be one of the first national parks in China. (size)
正反观点对比型议论文
【写作点拨】
议论文以议论为主,通过摆事实、讲道理等方法,对客观事物进行评述或议论,以阐明作者的观点与主张,进而说服别人。
正反观点对比型议论文要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法,其写作思路为:
1.一些人认为……
2.另一些人认为……
3.我的看法
The topic of ①　　　　　　 (主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favourite. They hold their view for the reason of ②　　　　　　 (支持A的理由一). What’s more, ③　　　　　　 (理由二). Moreover, ④　　　　　　 (理由三).
While others think that B is a better choice for the following three reasons. Firstly, ⑤　　　　　 (支持 B的理由一). Secondly/Besides, ⑥　　　　 (理由二). Thirdly/Finally, ⑦　　　　　　 (理由三).
From my point of view, I think ⑧　　　　　 (我的观点). The reason is that ⑨　　　　　　 (原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, ⑩　　　　 is surely a wise choice.
【范例】
对于太空探索,人们有着不同的看法。请你根据表格提示用英语写一篇关于太空探索的短文,介绍人们的不同观点,并表达自己的看法。
赞成的理由 　1.有助于人们改善生活,尤其是在通讯和天气预报方面; 　2.开阔眼界,满足人们对宇宙的好奇心; 　3.了解外部环境,有利于人类寻找新的居住地。
反对的理由 　1.浪费时间; 　2.开支巨大; 　3.可能没有成果。
你的看法 　
【高级词汇】
1.大量的钱和时间
2.是值得的
3.首先
4.在通讯领域
5.开阔某人的眼界
6.满足某人的好奇心
7.有利于
8.一项挑战
9.带来很多好处
【高级句式】
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　, space exploration is becoming a popular topic.
随着科学的发展,太空探索正在成为一个热门话题。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　, I agree with the latter. 就我而言,我赞同后者。
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 new suitable human settlements.
这有利于人们寻找新的适合人类的居住地。
4.Space exploration is 　,
　　　　　　　　 it will bring more benefits to us. 太空探索对人类来说是一项挑战,但是我相信它会给我们带来更多的好处。
【连贯成文】
With science developing, space exploration is becoming a popular topic. Some people maintain that it wastes a large amount of money and time, getting nothing back.
However, others believe that it is really worthwhile. First of all, it has improved our living, especially in the area of communication and weather forecast, and so on. Secondly, it expands our horizons and satisfies our curiosity about the mystery of the universe. Lastly, it makes us understand the outer environment, which is good for people to find new suitable human settlements.
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter. Space exploration is a challenge to human beings, but I believe that it will bring more benefits to us. So we should support it.
【活学活用】
人们对于学生在网上交友持不同看法。请你根据表格提示用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文,介绍人们的不同观点,并表达自己的看法。
赞成的理由 　1.广交朋友; 　2.可更自由地表达思想; 　3.有利于学习。
反对的理由 　1.浪费时间; 　2.影响学习; 　3.可能上当受骗。
你的看法 　
　　注意:1.文章必须包括表格中的全部内容;
2.词数80个左右。


单元话题续写——太空探索
【话题词汇】
太空发射
astronaut n.宇航员;太空人 universe n.宇宙;天地万物
launch vt.& n.发射;发起;上市 satellite n.人造卫星;卫星
spacecraft n. 航天器;宇宙飞船 rocket n.火箭;火箭弹
gravity n.重力;引力 orbit n.(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道;势力范围 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行;环绕……运行
spacewalk n.太空行走;太空行走的时间 on board 在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上
float vi.浮动;漂流;漂浮 vt.使浮动;使漂流 oxygen n.氧;氧气
module n. 舱;组件;模块 signal vt. & vi.标志着;标明;发信号 n.信号;标志
transmit vt & vi.传输;发送 data n. [pl.]资料;数据
态度,情感
intelligent adj.有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的 mental adj.精神的;思想的
determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的 independent adj.独立的;自立的
disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的 keen adj.热衷的;渴望的
shallow adj.肤浅的;浅的 in the hope of doing sth 抱着……的希望
argue vt.& vi.论证;争辩;争论 desire n.渴望;欲望vt.渴望;期望
【跟踪训练】
●Ⅰ 写作金句
1.Tragically, she never returned to her classroom as the shuttle exploded just over a minute after 　　　　　　　　in Florida, and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.令人悲痛的是,她再也没能回到她的课堂。航天飞机在佛罗里达州发射仅一分多钟后就发生了爆炸,机上七名宇航员全部牺牲。
2.We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts 　　　　　　　　　　as they stepped into the shuttle. 我们看到宇航员笑容满面,向世界挥手致意,步入航天飞机。
3.Then, little more than a minute after take-off, we saw a strange red and orange light in the sky, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. The Challenger had exploded in mid-air and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
然后,发射仅仅一分多钟后,我们就看到空中奇异的红色和橙色的光芒,紧接着是一大团白烟。“挑战者”号在半空中爆炸了,我们都开始尖叫。
4.The memory of those seven will live forever, written in the stars,
　.
他们七位的事迹将永存于世,被书写在漫天星辰中,激励我们加入他们,共同致力于人类最伟大的探索发现之旅。
●Ⅱ 话题语段
　　As a senior school student, I keep track of every previous and ongoing space mission. I take pride in my motherland whenever watching TV news 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(卫星被火箭发射) and orbit around the globe, 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(为我们传送数据以防止致命的灾害). I regularly attend “Tiangong Class” held by the China Manned Space Agency. Through the lectures and real-time videos, I have learned that the astronauts have to stick everything down 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(以防止它从太空实验室飘出去). I am aware that the selection procedure for astronauts is extremely strict and that I have to be 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(聪明且身体足够强壮以满足要求). What I should do now is try my best to get into an aerospace university 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(在那里我可以接触到高端的设备和资源). I am convinced that all my efforts will pay off in the future.
Unit 5　THE VALUE OF MONEY
主题语境——人与社会之文学、艺术与体育
　　[导读] 不同的人对金钱有不同的态度。金钱对我们所有人来说都是必要的,但它并不是我们的全部。
On money
Different people have different attitudes towards money. For example, some of the rich are very mean with money, while some of them are quite generous. Some people lack money but they are not absorbed in the pursuit of wealth, while some people regard money as everything. As far as I am concerned, money is necessary for all of us, but it is not all for us.
For one thing, money is necessary for all of us. In modern society, money is one of the tools for measuring the value and can be used to exchange materials. All materials we need for our basic existence are all about money. Without money, our existence will be threatened and we cannot find our way to live. Therefore, all of us need to earn money to afford our basic needs, such as food, clothes and houses.
For another, money is not all for us. Though money can be used to exchange materials for our basic needs, it is not almighty. For example, we cannot use money to buy real love or happiness. Hence, just as Francis Bacon said, “Money is a good servant and a bad master.” We cannot be controlled by money so that we will not be a pathetic slave of money.
In short, we need money but we should not regard money as our only purpose. Only by holding this attitude can we use our money properly.
【主题词句背诵】
1.an attitude towards 对……的态度
2.be mean with 对……吝啬
3.be absorbed in 沉迷于……
4.as far as I am concerned 就我而言
5.Different people have different attitudes towards money. For example, some of the rich are very mean with money, while some of them are quite generous.
不同的人对金钱持有不同的态度。例如,一些富人对钱很吝啬,而另一些富人却很慷慨。
6.Though money can be used to exchange materials for our basic needs, it is not almighty.
虽然钱可以用来交换材料来满足我们的基本需求,但它不是万能的。
7.Hence, just as Francis Bacon said, “Money is a good servant and a bad master.”
因此,正如弗朗西斯·培根所说:“金钱是善仆,也是恶主。”
8.We cannot be controlled by money so that we will not be a pathetic slave of money. 我们不能被钱控制,这样我们才不会成为它可怜的奴隶。
9.Only by holding this attitude can we use our money properly.
只有持这种态度,我们才能恰当地使用钱。
Period One　Listening and Speaking
1.basis　n. (the important facts, ideas, etc. from which something is developed)基础;基点;基准;根据
(教材P50)Is money the basis of a happy life
钱是幸福生活的基础吗
(1)on the basis of… 　根据……;基于……;
以……为基础
on a regular basis(=regularly)
定期地; 经常地
lay the basis for… 为……打基础
(2)basic adj. 基础的
basically adv. 基本上,大体上;总的说来,从根本上说
(3)base n. (某物的)底部; 基础
　　　v. 以……为基础
base…on/upon 以……为基础/根据
【佳句背诵】
The story tells us that we shouldn’t judge a person on the basis of appearance.
这个故事告诉我们,不要以貌取人。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] A new exhibition in Halifax uses everyday activities to explain the hidden maths principles we all use 　　　　　　a regular basis.
②[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] So, what are they learning 　　　　　　(basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
③More than 2,000 years ago, ancient Chinese people created this overall framework to mark the annual passage of time 　　　　　　(base) on observations of the sun’s movement.
◆完成句子
④[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文写作] My suggestion is to group students 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　or to let students choose their own partners.
我的建议是根据学生的语言能力对他们进行分组,或者让学生自己选择搭档。
⑤Additionally, I strongly recommend that you (should) 　,
which is an ideal way to relieve stress.(应用文写作之建议信)
此外,我强烈建议你定期锻炼身体,这是缓解压力的理想方式。
2.loan　n. 贷款;借款 vt. (to lend)借出;借给
(教材P50)Chen spent all her savings and took out a large loan. 陈花完了她所有的积蓄还贷了一大笔款。
(1) apply for a loan 　　 　　申请贷款
take out a loan 取得贷款
repay one’s loan 偿还某人的贷款
on loan 借出
(2)loan sb sth (=loan sth to sb) 借给某人某物
loan out 出借
【佳句背诵】
You’d better repay your loan on time, as late repayments may affect your credit.
你最好按时还贷,因为逾期还款可能影响你的信誉。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The couple loved their paintings, hanging them around the house and 　　　　　　(loan) them to museums to be exhibited.
②Works of art 　　　　　　(loan) for a specific exhibition typically are kept for about three months.
③[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are 　　　　　　loan from China.
◆完成句子
④To buy a new apartment, I have to 　　　　　　　　　　　　of 1,000,000 yuan from the bank, which will take me 30 years to pay off.
为了买一套新公寓,我不得不向银行贷款100万元,这需要我30年才能还清。
⑤I ran out of money before payday, so my father 　　　　　　　　　　　　to tide me over.
在发薪日之前我把钱用光了, 因此父亲借给我2000元帮我渡过难关。
3.apologise　vi. (to say that you are sorry for doing sth wrong or causing a problem)道歉
(教材P50)Wang Zheng apologised to Chen because he couldn’t offer her more money.
王正向陈道歉,因为他不能为她提供更多的钱。
(1)apologise to sb for (doing) sth
　　　　　　　　　　因(做)某事向某人道歉
apologise to sb that… 向某人道歉……
(2)apology n. 道歉;歉意
make an apology to sb for sth
因某事向某人道歉
owe sb an apology (for sth)
(因某事)应向某人道歉
accept/refuse an/one’s apology
　　　　　接受/拒绝道歉/某人的道歉
【佳句背诵】
Please accept my apology for any trouble my mistake has caused you.
对于我的失误给你造成的任何麻烦,请接受我的道歉。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2021·全国甲卷] I come to you, hat in hand, to apologise 　　　　　　the damage I had indirectly caused and to ask you to reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel.
②A heartfelt 　　　　　　(apologise) can not only heal a damaged relationship but also make it stronger.
③　　　　　　 (apologise) to others does not necessarily mean lowering yourself but acknowledging your mistakes sincerely.
◆完成句子
④I’m writing you this letter 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　pay a visit to Beijing with you next week.
我给你写这封信是为下周不能和你一起游览北京而向你道歉。(应用文写作之道歉信)
⑤With her eyes fixed on the floor, Liya came over and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　, “You mean a lot to us.” (读后续写之动作描写)
莉亚眼睛盯着地板,走过来低声道歉,“你对我们来说很重要。”
4.ignore　vt. (to intentionally not listen or give attention to)不理睬;忽视
(教材P50)Also, while listening, don’t ignore the speakers’ tone and intonation—these can be important clues, too.
而且,在听的时候,不要忽视说话者的语气和语调——这些也可能是重要的线索。
(1)ignore one’s advice/mistakes
　　　　　　　　　　　忽视某人的建议/过错
(2)ignorance n. 无知;愚昧
in ignorance of sth 不知道某事
(3)ignorant adj. 无知的;愚昧的
be ignorant about/of sth 对某事一无所知
【佳句背诵】
Despite the great convenience smartphones have brought to people’s life, their side effects can’t be ignored.
尽管智能手机给人们的生活带来了很大的便捷,但其负面影响不容忽视。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
① The 　　　　　　(ignore) of protecting the environment would result in a lot of severe consequences.
②He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quite 　　　　(ignore).
③Nowadays, many young people get addicted to playing their cellphones wherever they are, completely 　　　　　　(ignore) their friends around.
◆完成句子
④[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] “　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and I believe you could make it!” Upon hearing my words,David beamed a big smile,stood up and moved towards the starting line.
“不要在意其他队的队员怎么说,我相信你能做到!”听到我的话,戴维笑容满面,站起来朝起跑线走去。
⑤The foreign student from Italy 　　　　　　　　Chinese culture before coming to China.
在来到中国之前,那个意大利留学生对中国文化一无所知。
5.in return　作为回报;作为回应
(教材P51)When we help someone, should we expect to get something in return 当我们帮助某人时,我们应该期望得到回报吗
in return for… 　作为……的回报
in turn 依次,轮流,逐个;转而;相应地
by turns 轮流;时而……时而……
【活学活用】
◆用turn/return相关短语填空
①[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] I post my work on social media and, 　　　　　　, have met some of the kindest people.
②Mrs Bennet was quite nervous at the news. She looked out of the window, and fixed her attention on the clock 　　　　　　.
③　　　　　　 their hospitality, Mr and Mrs Brown decided to hold a party to treat their neighbours.
④While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything 　　　　　　.
◆完成句子
⑤When I greeted the foreign visitors with “Hello”, they 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
当我用“Hello”向外国游客们打招呼的时候, 他们回报我以甜甜的微笑。
⑥I deeply appreciate your help and I hope to have the opportunity to show you around Beijing 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.我非常感谢你的帮助,并且我希望有机会带你参观北京以报答你的好意。(应用文写作之感谢信)
6.judge　n.法官;审判员;裁判员 vt. & vi. (to form an opinion about something after considering all the details or facts)判断;评价;评判
(教材P51)Should we judge people based on how much money they have 我们应该根据人们拥有多少钱来评判他们吗
(1)judge sb/sth from/by… 以……来判断……
be judged to be/as 被判定为
as far as I can judge 据我判断;我认为
(2)judging by/from… 从……上看;根据……
判断(作状语)
(3)judgement n. 判断;审判;判断力
[温馨提示] judging from/by…置于句首作状语时, v.-ing形式不受主语的影响,构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有:generally speaking一般来说;frankly speaking坦白地说;considering…考虑到……。
【佳句背诵】
As a judge, he has good judgement and never judges a person by his or her appearance. 作为一名法官,他有很好的判断力,且从不以貌取人。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Self-driving cars can learn to drive in the same way that we do, and can make 　　　　　　(judge) based on information.
②As students differ from each other in many aspects, they should never 　　　　　　(judge) by their scores.
③　　　　　　 (judge) from what he said just now, he was quite disappointed at the result of the game.
◆完成句子
④As far as I can judge, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, for true beauty comes from the inside.我认为永远不要以貌取人,因为真正的美来自内在。(读后续写之主旨升华)
⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, you are about to take part in the Chinese Bridge Competition and I am writing with the intention of informing you of some dos and don’ts.从你上封信来看,你即将参加汉语桥比赛,我写信的目的是告诉你一些注意事项。(应用文写作之告知信)
(教材P50) Also, while listening, don’t ignore the speakers’ tone and intonation—these can be important clues, too. 而且,在听的时候,不要忽视说话者的语气和语调——这些也可能是重要的线索。
状语从句的省略
句型公式　
【句式点拨】
句中while listening相当于while you are listening。当when, while, unless, as if等引导状语从句时,若从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it,且从句谓语中含有be动词时,可以省略从句中的主语和be动词,构成“连词+v.-ing/v.-ed/adj./n.…”形式的省略结构。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①When 　　　　　　(take) according to the instructions, the drug has the least side effects.
②They were surprised by her openness when 　　　　　　(talk) about her private life.
③If 　　　　　　(translate) word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.
◆完成句子/句式改写
④He drinks coffee while 　　　　　　　　　　　at 5:30 am every morning to start a new day.
每天早上五点半,他一边看报纸,一边喝咖啡,开启新的一天。
⑤When the museum is completed, it will be open to the public next year.
→　　　　　　　　, the museum will be open to the public next year. (用省略句改写)
Period Two　Reading and Thinking
Task 1: Text Structure Analysing
THE MILLION POUND BANK NOTE(ACT 1, SCENE 3)
About a month ago 　Henry was 1.　　　　　　 out of the bay.
Towards night 　Henry found himself 2.　　　　　　 to sea by a strong wind.
The next morning 　Henry was 3.　　　　　　 by a ship.
Later 　The ship 4.　　　　　　 Henry to England.
Now 　Henry 5.　　　　　　　　 outside Roderick and Oliver’s house.
Just at that time 　Roderick called and asked Henry 6.　　　　　　　　.
To Henry’s surprise 　Oliver gave Henry a letter with 7.　　　　　　　　　　　　 in it.
Task 2: Fast Reading
1.What is the text mainly about

2.What is the style of this text

3.How many characters appeared in this scene Who are they


4.What’s Henry’s promise

5.How did Henry arrive in England

Task 3: Careful Reading
1.Why did the two brothers give a million-pound bank note to Henry

2.Why did Henry want to leave the room

3.How did Henry feel when Roderick asked him to step inside for a moment

4.Can you list the reasons why the brothers chose Henry for their bet


5.Where did Henry come from

Task 4: Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
Henry Adams 1.　　　　　　 (carry) out to sea by a strong wind in his own boat. He spent a 2.　　　　　　 (help) night on the sea. Luckily, the next morning he was 3.　　　　　　 (spot) and saved by a ship. It was the ship 4.　　　　　　 brought him to England. After he landed in England, he went to the American consulate 5.　　　　　　 help, but without luck. One day, he 6.　　　　　 (walk)on the street when he was called into a large house owned by two old Englishmen, who asked him a few questions. Henry answered that he was looking for a job in London and asked whether they could offer any job 7.　　　　　　 (relate) to a mining company. They didn’t answer 8.　　　　　　 (direct) but gave Henry a letter which they said contained a sum of money. They also asked Henry 9.　　　　　　 (promise)not to open it until 2 o’clock. Henry thought it was silly 10.　　　　　　 accepted it.
1.scene　n.(戏剧或歌剧的)场; (a view or picture of a place, event, or activity)场面;现场;景色;镜头
(教材P52)Read the scene and answer the questions.
读这场戏,回答问题。
on the scene 　　　　　　在现场;出现;到场
appear/come on the scene 出场;登场
behind the scenes 在幕后
[温馨提示] scene作先行词表示地点意义时,且其后定语从句缺少状语时使用关系副词where或in which引导定语从句。
【佳句背诵】
Arriving at the top of the hill, we were faced by a most impressive scene. 到达山顶时,呈现在我们面前的是一片令人惊叹的景色。
【活学活用】
◆一词多义
①[2023·全国乙卷] After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. 　　　　　
②[2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] …an officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. 　　　　　
③[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. 　　　　　
④The movie opens with a scene in a New York apartment. 　　　　　
◆完成句子
⑤Instantly they got reunited, Dakota couldn’t stop licking her puppy’s face. Happy and excited, the two dogs were wagging their tails wildly. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
它们一团聚,达科塔就不停地舔“她”小狗的脸。两只狗又高兴又兴奋,疯狂地摇着尾巴。那温暖人心的一幕感动了在场的每一个人。
⑥Though it is 20 years since we last met, I still remember 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　on a rainy day. 即使距离我们上次见面已经过去了20年,我仍然记得那个雨天我们分开时的情景。
2.by accident　偶然地,意外地
(教材P52)As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident. 实际上,我流落英国是一场意外。
by chance (=by accident) 　偶然地,意外地
by design (=on purpose) 蓄意地,故意地
by mistake 错误地
【活学活用】
◆短语填空
①She discovered the problem 　　　　　　　　during a visit to a nearby school.
②He took his neighbour’s raincoat 　　　　　　, so he hung it back outside.
③Was it an accident or did David do it 　　　　　　　　　　　
◆完成句子
④It happened—　　　　　　　　　　　　　—that the two of them were left alone after all the others had gone. 碰巧——不知是偶然还是有意安排——其他人走后,只剩下了他们两个人。
⑤I’m writing to tell you that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　when leaving the party yesterday.
我写信是想告诉你,我昨天离开聚会时误拿了你的雨伞。
3.spot　vt. (to notice someone or something)发现,看见 n.斑点;污迹;处所;地点
(教材P52)The next morning I was spotted by a ship. 第二天早上,一艘船发现了我。
(1)spot sb doing sth 　　发现某人正在做某事
(2)on the spot 当场,立即;在现场
scenic/historic spot 风景胜地/古迹
(3)spotted adj. 有斑点的
be spotted with sth 满是……的斑点
[温馨提示] spot作“地点”讲,用作定语从句的先行词时,从句如果缺少状语则用where引导定语从句,从句如果缺少主语或宾语则用that/which引导定语从句。
【佳句背诵】
Spotting a tiny bottle at the bottom of the writer’s case, the officer couldn’t conceal his excitement.
警官在这位作家的箱子底部发现了一个小瓶子,他无法掩饰自己的兴奋。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①We lay on the grass, staring at the night sky 　　　　　　(spot) with twinkling stars.
②[2020·全国新高考Ⅱ卷] When Jim Grant spotted black smoke 　　　　　　(come) out of a building on his way to work, he stopped his car to call 911.
③[2020·全国卷Ⅰ] Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 　　　　　　it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
◆完成句子
④[2021·天津3月考书面表达] 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in Beijing, the most attractive of which is the Great Wall.
北京有很多景点,其中最迷人的是长城。
⑤[2020·浙江7月考读后续写] 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, we stood rooted to the spot with fear.
看到北极熊向我们靠近, 我们吓得呆若木鸡。
4.patience　n. (the ability to wait, or to continue doing something despite difficulties)耐心;忍耐力;毅力
(1)out of patience 　　不耐烦,失去耐心
with patience 耐心地
have little/no patience with sb
对某人几乎没/没耐心
lose patience with… 对……失去耐心
(3)patient adj. 有耐心的
　　　　 n. 病人
impatient adj. 没有耐心的
be patient with… 对……有耐心
(3)patiently adv. 耐心地
【佳句背诵】
After drifting at sea for a few weeks, with great patience and efforts, they finally successfully boarded an island. 在海上漂流了几个星期后,他们怀着极大的耐心并且付出努力,终于成功登上了一座岛屿。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Mr Riach and the captain were surprisingly patient 　　　　　　me when I made mistakes.
②[2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达] Whenever I come across the problems in my study and life, my mother will listen to me 　　　　　　(patient) and encourage me to overcome them bravely.
③[2023·全国甲卷] YouPeriod Two　Reading and Thinking
●Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.As the 　　　　　　(火箭) gets farther into space, the earth’s atmosphere is left behind.
2.In the absence of 　　　　　　(重力), there would be no air around the earth.
3.One must have a good sense of direction when driving a 　　　　　　(车辆).
4.There are countless travel 　　　　　　(机构) all over the world, serving the tourists.
5.If you 　　　　　　(渴望) to meet new friends and have fun, basketball is the best sport for you.
6.The destruction of these treasures was a loss for 　　　　　　(人类).
7.There are many 　　　　　　(卫星) in space orbiting the earth.
8.It is said that another rocket will soon be 　　　　　　(发射) in that country.
9.They also set up the traffic 　　　　　　(信号灯) and a series of traffic monitoring equipment.
10.No one knows clearly when exactly the 　　　　　　(宇宙) came into existence.
●Ⅱ 单句填空
1.The desire 　　　　　　(take ) advantage of every opportunity has proved a benefit to one’s growth in some respects.
2.China has succeeded in 　　　　　　(send) Chang’e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon.
3.Feeling a strange silence in the air, she 　　　　(leap) from the seat abruptly.
4.The old man fought the painful illness with courage and 　　　　　　　　(determine).
5.You should exercise more so as 　　　　　　(keep) energetic and you can work efficiently.
6.We are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the 　　　　　　(disappoint) and anger of others.
7.It’s important that parents should allow their children some 　　　　　　(independent).
8.The virus 　　　　　　(transmit) to humans by close contact with infected birds, and cannot be passed from human to human.
9.Mary 　　　　　　(signal) wildly to her friends in the crowds, but they didn’t notice her.
10.On 28 January, 1986, seven American astronauts died when the US space shuttle Challenger exploded soon after it 　　　　　　(launch).
●Ⅲ 短语填空
1.　　　　　　 (确保) that all the power is cut off before you leave the office.
2.It took them about one month to 　　　　　　(弄清楚,弄明白)how to start the equipment.
3.In class, keep your attention 　　　　　　(专注于) what your teacher is saying.
4.I 　　　　　　　　　　　(对……失望) the film. I had expected it to be much better.
5.The Titanic sank into the Atlantic Ocean with most of the passengers 　　　　　　(在船上).
6.Inspired by the famous NBA basketball player, he 　　　　　　　　(决心做) be a basketball player.
7.　　　　　　　　 (抱着……的希望) earning both money and social experience, I became a door-to-door salesman.
8.Have you learned enough spoken English to 　　　　　　(继续,开展) a conversation with the foreigners
●Ⅳ 句型训练
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, many of them have died out over the years. (despite)
尽管做了很多保护这些濒危物种的努力,但是许多濒危物种近年来还是灭绝了。
2.The hunter walked slowly in the woods, 　　　　　　　　　　　.(过去分词作状语)
猎人在树林里慢慢地走着,后面跟着他的狗。
3.China has become 　　　　　　　　　　　　　a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. (the first…to do…) 中国已经成为第一个将宇宙飞船着陆在月球背面的国家。
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in the summer camp, but you can also visit some old museums. (not only 位于句首倒装)
在这次夏令营中,你不仅会欣赏到美妙的音乐,还可以参观一些古老的博物馆。
5.The teacher desired that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　before school was over. (虚拟语气)
老师要求所有练习要在放学前交上来。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
●Ⅴ 阅读理解
[2024·河南郑州十校高一期中联考]
On July 11th Virgin Galactic (维珍银河) finally realized the promise that it would take passengers on life-changing trips in its spaceships. For 4 minutes, its 6 temporarily weightless passengers, including the firm’s co-founder, Sir Richard Branson, saw the planet’s curvature (曲度) against the blackness of outer space. He may have been pleased to beat Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s retired boss, who would go slightly higher for slightly less time in a vehicle built by his own company, Blue Origin, on July 20th.
The two are among a growing group of fans who believe space travel’s time has come. Suborbital (亚轨道的) tourism is part of a broader space economy that has boomed over the past decade thanks to technological advances. Those at Morgan Stanley expect the entire space economy to bring in $1 trillion by 2040, from $350 billion today. UBS expects the entire space economy to produce $800 billion by the end of this decade. Space travel, it thinks, will make “a big contribution” to that total.
But that is highly unlikely. For example, space travel is not even Blue Origin’s main goal. The company is focusing on developing a large new rocket for launching satellites, on selling advanced rocket engines to other companies and on winning NASA contracts such as that for a system to land humans on the Moon. In the long run, Mr Bezos doesn’t see Blue Origin as a provider of services to thrill-seekers.
The business can be promising once regular flights begin to offset (抵消) the rockets’ development costs. But how fast and by how much is uncertain. Without tourist-friendly places to visit, space travel, with its far higher ticket prices, will not be a huger earner.
Another challenge—also the biggest uncertainty—relates to safety. History has shown that a disaster can set progress back by years. Even with no accidents, problems may come up. Strict top-down rules could mean that industry will no longer have the freedom to pursue new approaches to improving safety.
Space travel may remain a hobby for a few super-rich with a desire to take risks and lots of time to spare. Not exactly a mass market, then, for the time being.
(　)1.Why is the event of Sir Richard Branson and Jeff Bezos mentioned
A.To describe a debate between them.
B.To introduce the topic of space travel.
C.To prove Virgin Galactic’s development.
D.To draw our attention to the two super-rich.
(　)2.The underlined word “boomed” in Paragraph 2 probably means　　　　　　.
A.increased 　　　　B.recovered
C.slowed D.weakened
(　)3.What does Blue Origin mainly focus on
A.Providing a journey for the super-rich to fly in space.
B.Improving the safety of space travel.
C.Selling facilities to other companies.
D.Developing the most advanced satellites.
(　)4.Why is space travel not a mass market now
A.Super-rich people are unwilling to pay for it.
B.There are too many travel places to choose from.
C.Problems of safety and costs remain to be solved.
D.Only the super-rich are allowed by the strict rules.
●Ⅵ 阅读七选五
Going to outer space is a little like going camping. Food with all the water dried out is light and doesn’t spoil (变坏). So, many space foods are dried on Earth and stored in special packets. 1.　　　
On Earth, gravity is the force that keeps your feet on the ground and your sandwich on your plate. 2.　　　　 To keep food from floating (漂浮) away, astronauts on the space shuttle attach the packets to a special tray (托盘). The tray can be fixed to a wall or to the astronaut’s lap. To prepare their food, astronauts use liquid forms of salt and pepper. The liquid sticks to the food better. Regular salt and pepper would float away, maybe up an astronaut’s nose.
3.　　　　 So astronauts drink everything from a small bag with a straw (吸管) that can be closed. Astronauts say that most space foods taste pretty good.
Some, such as apples and pudding, are the same as the foods you eat on Earth. Astronauts eat tortillas instead of bread because they make fewer crumbs (碎屑). 4.　　　　 Your body uses food in space the same way it does on Earth. Your body must deal with waste in space too.
During take-off and landing, astronauts can’t leave their seats to go to the bathroom. They wear diapers (尿布) under their spacesuits instead. The space shuttle has a bathroom the size of a small closet. The toilet has bars that keep astronauts from floating away. 5.　　　
A.Liquids float right out of cups and glasses, though.
B.But there’s no gravity in space.
C.In outer space, everything seems to be different.
D.Rubbish from daily life cannot be thrown everywhere.
E.Some, such as dried pears, taste good right out of the packet.
F.Floating crumbs could get stuck in equipment or an astronaut’s eye.
G.A strong flow of air is used instead of water to flush waste down the toilet.
●Ⅶ 语法填空
[2024·江苏盐城五校联考高一期中]
China’s next-generation rocket to carry humans is expected to make 1.　　　　　　 (it) flight around 2027. It is an important part of China’s ambitious plan to place its astronauts 2.　　　　　 the moon. The new rocket will be about 90 metres tall, 3.　　　　　　 means it will be almost twice as tall as the Long March 5, currently the 4.　　　　　　 (big) in China’s rocket family.
The new rocket will be capable of carrying spaceship 5.　　　　　　 (weigh) about 27 tons into an Earth-moon orbit(轨道). It is intended for the country’s future manned spaceflights that 6.　　　　　　 (carry) out by a new-generation spaceship. In the long term, Long March 9, China’s super-heavy rocket 7.　　　　　　 is under development, will also join the group of the new rockets to transport 8.　　　　　　 (material) to the moon to build a long-lasting base there.
China’s space authorities have a long-term plan 9.　　　　　　 (land) astronauts on the moon and set up at least one science station there. They hope to carry out scientific research, develop lunar resources 10.　　　　　　 strengthen the nation’s space capabilities. (共102张PPT)
Period Two
Reading and Thinking
课前自主探究
语言知识梳理
练习册
Task 1：Text Structure Analysing
universe
succeeded
accidents/disasters
progress
bright
Task 2：Fast Reading
The text is mainly about_____________________________________.
(the development of) space exploration
Task 3：Careful Reading
Choose the best answer according to the passage.
( ) 1.What do scientists do to find out the secrets of the
universe
A.Look up at the stars.
B.Design vehicles to carry astronauts into space.
C.Transmit data back to Earth.
D.Establish a space station.
√
( ) 2.What can we learn from Para. 2
A.Travelling into space was an impossible dream in the mid-
20th century.
B.The USSR was the first country to launch a satellite into space.
C.Gagarin was the first man to step onto the moon.
D.America launched Voyager 1 to orbit Earth.
√
( ) 3.What is the function of the International Space Station
A.Telling us the huge risks of space exploration.
B.Having astronauts from different countries on board.
C.Letting us believe in the importance of carrying on space
exploration.
D.Encouraging the brave people to pay a visit to it.
√
( ) 4.What's the author mainly talking about in Para. 4
A.Yang Liwei orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.
B.Tianwen 1 was sent to explore the surface of Mars.
C.The Mengtian module was launched in 2022.
D.China has made great achievements in exploring space.
√
Task 4：Micro-writing
Read the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.
People have always looked up at the stars and wondered
about space. Space 1.___________ (explore) has come a long
way.
On 4 October 1957,the Sputnik 1 satellite 2.______________
(launch) by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth.
Afterwards, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world
3._________ (enter) space. On 20 July 1969,American astronaut
exploration
was launched
to enter
Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, famously 4._______
(say),“That's one small step for ［a］ man, one giant leap for
mankind.”
China's space programme started later than those of Russia
and the US, 5._____ it has made great progress in a short time.
China became the third country in the world to 6._____________
(independent) send humans into space in 2003, when Yang
Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. In
2022, the launch of the Mengtian module 7._________ (signal)
saying
but
independently
signaled
the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station, which will
allow astronauts to conduct many important experiments, greatly
8.__________ (further) our understanding of the universe.
9.________ the difficulties, scientists hope to make more
valuable discoveries 10.___________ will enable the human race
to survive well into the future.
furthering
Despite
that/which
1.determine vt. 查明;确定;决定
(教材P40) However, scientists were determined to realise that
dream. 然而,科学家们决定要实现这个梦想。
(1)determine to do sth(=make up one's mind to do sth)
决心/决定做某事(表示动作)
(2)determined adj. 坚决的;有决心的
be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表示状态)
(3)determination n. 决定;决心
【佳句背诵】
As the professor puts it, it is a positive attitude that determines
people's success.
正如教授所说,正是积极的态度决定人们的成功。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①[2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷] Write a poem about how courage,
______________ (determine), and strength have helped you face
challenges in your life.
determination
②The 24 solar terms _______________ (determine) by changes
in the sun's position during the year.
③The old man was determined, even at his age, _________
(cross) the water to see his youngest son in New Zealand.
are determined
to cross
◆完成句子
④[2021·天津卷书面表达] In regard to your questions about my
future careers, ______________________________.
关于你对我未来职业的疑问, 我决心做一名医生。
I'm determined to be a doctor
⑤[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] ____________________________
_____________________， David rose to his feet and advanced
towards the starting line.
脸上带着坚定的表情，大卫站了起来，向起跑线前进。
With a determined look (spreading) on his face
2.launch vt.& n. (to start an activity, especially an organized one)
发起;发射;上市
(教材P40) On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was
launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. 在
1957年10月4日,苏联发射了“旅伴一号”卫星并且它成功地绕地球运行。
(1)launch a rocket/missile 发射火箭/导弹
launch an attack 发起攻击
launch a new product 推出新产品
(2)a rocket launch 火箭发射
the launch of… ……的发起/推出
【佳句背诵】
The launch of the space shuttle was delayed for 24 hours
because of bad weather.
因天气恶劣，航天飞机的发射被推迟了24个小时。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①In the latest development, the city's Hongqiao Railway Station,
one of Asia's biggest traffic centres, _____________ (launch) a
5G network.
has launched
②Weather permitting, a winter hike ________________ (launch)
to get us close to nature and raise students' health awareness.
will be launched
③The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, __________
(launch) this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the
life sciences include.
launched
◆完成句子
④Our school is going to ___________________________________
____ “Traditional Chinese Culture”, which will be shown on an
English website. (应用文写作之通知)
我们学校将推出一个以“中国传统文化”为主题的班会,该班会将在一
个英文网站上展示。
launch a class meeting on the theme of
⑤The activity ___________________________at the school hall on the afternoon of April 23rd, which is named World Book and Copyright Day.
该活动定于4月23日下午在学校礼堂启动，这一天被命名为世界图书
和版权日。(应用文写作之通知)
is scheduled to be launched
3.on board 在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上；支持
(教材P40)And the International Space Station (1998) has
provided a continuous human presence in space, with astronauts
from many different countries on board. 国际空间站(1998)使人类
能够持续在太空中开展工作,上面有来自不同国家的宇航员。
(1)board n. 板;木板;董事会;委员会
v. 上船/车/飞机
go on board 上(船/飞机/火车)
go/get aboard(the ship/plane/train) 上(船/飞机/火车)
(2)a message board 留言板
a diving board 跳水板
on the board 在董事会
【佳句背诵】
All their luggage checked, the couple boarded the plane for
New York. 所有的行李都检查过了,这对夫妇登上了飞往纽约的飞机。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The pilot asked all the passengers ____ board to remain
seated as the plane was making a landing.
on
②[2023·浙江1月考] If you have individuals who are not ____
board, your words probably won't do much and can often leave
you feeling more discouraged.
on
③[2022·全国甲卷] In March 2008, Ginni _________(board) a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica.
boarded
◆完成句子/一句多译
④The plane came down in bad weather _____________________
________________ on Tuesday.(用with复合结构)
星期二，飞机在恶劣天气中坠落,当时机上有约100人。
with about 100 people on board
⑤六个月前,她告别了她在中国的家人和朋友,登上了飞往伦敦的飞机。
→Six months ago, she said goodbye to her family and friends
in China and _______________________________ for London.
(board)
→Six months ago,she said goodbye to her family and friends in
China and _____________________ for London.(aboard)
went on board/boarded a plane
went aboard a plane
4.disappointment n. (sadness because sth has not happened or
been as good, successful, etc. as you expected or hoped)失望;沮丧
(教材P41)However, while such disasters brought much sadness
and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not
die.
可是,尽管这些灾难带来了太多悲伤和失望,但是探索宇宙的渴望并未
消失。
(1)to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
(2)disappoint vt. 使……失望
(3)disappointing adj. 令人失望的
(4)disappointed adj. 失望的
be disappointed with… 对……失望
be disappointed at sth 对某事失望
be disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望
【佳句背诵】
Angry and disappointed, I turned around and faced her, tears
rolling down my cheeks. 我既愤怒又失望,转过身来面对着她,眼泪
顺着脸颊滚落下来。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Despite winning the title, their last campaign ended in great
_______________ (disappoint).
②The stadium was jammed and they had to turn away
hundreds of _____________ (disappoint) fans.
③The next day, we got a _____________ (disappoint) message
that another buyer had offered a much higher price.
disappointment
disappointed
disappointing
◆完成句子/句式改写
④Three weeks passed, no reply from LA. My son _____________
______________ when carefully checking the mail box.
(读后续写之情绪描写)
三个星期过去了，洛杉矶那边没有回信。我的儿子仔细查看邮箱时，
失望地叹了口气。
sighed with disappointment
⑤[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] _______________________，
they failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt.
→_____________________________________________________ was
that they failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first
attempt.(用what引导的主语从句改写)
→They failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first
attempt, ___________________________________________________
_____.(用which引导的定语从句改写)
令他们失望的是，他们第一次尝试做母亲节早餐失败了。
To their disappointment
What made them disappointed/What disappointed them
which made them disappointed/which disappointed them
5.desire n.(a strong wish to have or do sth)渴望;欲望 vt.
(to want sth; to wish for sth)渴望;期望
(教材P41)However, while such disasters brought much sadness
and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not
die. 可是,尽管这些灾难带来了太多悲伤和失望,但是探索宇宙的渴
望并未消失。
for sth 想得到某物
(1) have a desire to do sth 想要某物
that... (同位语从句）想要……
to do sth 渴望做某事
(2) desire sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
that...(should) do sth 希望……做某事
(3) desirable adj. 可取的，值得拥有的
［温馨提示］“desire that+主语+(should+)动词原形”意为“希望……”。
desire 后的宾语从句和同位语从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“should+
动词原形”,should 可以省略。
此类动词还有: 命令order/command; 建议advise/suggest/propose/
recommend; 要求demand, require, request等。
【佳句背诵】
Everyone desires to succeed/has a desire for success while
success only belongs to the hard-working people.
每个人都渴望成功,而成功只属于努力的人。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①All these victims have just suffered the severe earthquake, so
they have a keen desire ____ the medicine, fresh food and pure
water.
for
②We desire that immediate help _________________ (give) to
the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.
(should) be given
◆完成句子/一句多译
③_____________________________________________________，I'd
like to offer you some suggestions.
得知你很想学好汉语, 我想给你一些建议。(应用文写作之建议信)
Knowing you have a strong desire to learn Chinese well
④[2022·天津卷书面表达] 如果你渴望无障碍地与外国人交流，我呼
吁你立即加入我们的英语口语俱乐部。
→________________________________________________，I appeal
to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire to do)
→_________________________________________________________
______，I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right
away.(desire that)
If you desire to communicate with foreigners freely
If you desire that you (should) communicate with foreigners freely
6.carry on 继续做,坚持干
(教材P41) This is because people believe in the importance of
carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. 这是因为
人们相信坚持进行太空探索的重要性,哪怕面临巨大的风险。
(1)carry on with sth (=go on with sth) 继续做某事
carry on doing sth 继续做某事
(2)carry out 开展,实施,执行
carry sb through 帮助某人渡过难关
carry away 带走;拿走;搬走
【活学活用】
◆用carry短语的适当形式填空
①They decided to _______________ the work in spite of the
weather.
②There is no doubt that his courage ________ him _________
his illness.
③Several people in the crowd collapsed and had to be
_____________ by National Guard troops.
carry on (with)
carried
through
carried away
◆完成句子
④Though the task ____________________， nobody knows
____________________________ to the end.
虽然这项任务正在进行,但没有人知道它是否会进行到底。
is being carried out
whether it will be carried on
⑤[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文写作] If the two students paired
together are both poor in spoken English, it'll be extremely
difficult ________________________________. 如果这两个配对的学
生英语口语都很差，他们将很难继续练习。
for them to carry on the practice
7.independently adv.独立地;自立地
(教材P41)China became the third country in the world to
independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang
Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.
在2003年中国成为世界上第三个独立把人类送入太空的国家,当时杨利
伟乘坐“神舟五号”宇宙飞船成功环绕地球运行。
(1)independent adj. 独立的;自主的
(2)independence n. 独立
(3)dependent adj. 依靠的;依赖的
be dependent on 依赖;取决于
(4)depend v. 依靠,依赖
depend on 依靠;信赖;取决于
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Born to a farming family in 1875, Patel helped India gain
______________ (independent) from Britain in 1947.
independence
②In the Internet age flooded with information, we should learn
to think ______________ (independent) and make our own
judgements rather than blindly follow the crowd.
independently
③Children as young as ten are becoming dependent ____ social
media for their sense of self-worth, a major study warned.
on
◆完成句子
④As far as I am concerned, doing housework will not affect our
study； instead it can help us strengthen the relationship with
our parents and cultivate our ability _____________________.
就我而言，做家务不会影响我们的学习，相反，它可以帮助我们加强
与父母的关系，培养我们独立生活的能力。
to live independently
8.signal vt.& vi. (to be a sign that sth exists or is likely to
happen)标志着;标明;发信号 n.信号;标志
(教材P41)In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module signaled
the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.
2022年,梦天舱的发射标志着天宫空间站的基本建成。
(1)give signals/a signal to sb 向某人发信号
a danger/warning/traffic signal 危险/警告/交通信号
(2)signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事
signal (that)… 示意……
【易混辨析】
signal, symbol和sign
signal 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。
symbol 指象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。
sign 普通用词,指人们公认的事物的标志或某种情况的征兆,也可表示“示意动作;手势”等。
【佳句背诵】
The changing colour of the leaves on the trees is a signal that
it will soon be autumn.
树叶颜色的改变表明秋天即将来临。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①We overlook all sorts of warning _______ (signal) about our
own health in our daily life.
②The policeman signaled the driver ________ (stop) his car by
raising his hand.
③Xiaoman is an important solar term in China _______________
(signal)the beginning of the summer season.
signals
to stop
signaling/signalling
◆选词填空(signal/symbol/sign)
④The Great Wall of China is regarded as a ________ of
Chinese nation.
⑤When they found the ship was sinking, they sent out the
emergency _______ SOS.
⑥You mustn't smoke in a room with a “No Smoking” _____.
symbol
signal
sign
◆完成句子
⑦The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar
month, _______________________________________ celebrations.
正月十五是元宵节,标志着春节庆祝活动的结束。(话题写作之传统
文化)
signa(l)ling the end of the Spring Festival
⑧I ran up to the car, took him by the arm and _____________
________________.我跑向汽车,拉住他的胳膊,示意他跟我走。
(读后续写之动作描写)
signa(l)led him to follow me
9.in the hope of doing sth 抱着……的希望
(教材P41)Mankind is exploring space in the hope of finding out
more about the universe.
人类正在探索太空,希望能发现宇宙更多的秘密。
(1)in the hope that… 希望……(that 引导同位语从句)
(2)hope for 希望
hope to do sth 希望做某事
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The doctors gave him more powerful drugs in the hope
_____ he might recover.
②“Hope ____ the best and prepare for the worst” means life is
beautiful and full of frustrations as well.
that
for
◆完成句子/一句多译
③They present their ideas _______________ getting investment
and advice.
他们表达自己的想法，希望获得投资和建议。
in the hope of
④我听说你从埃及回来了。我写这封信给你，希望你能尽快与我分
享你在埃及的经历。(应用文写作之求助信)
→Hearing you had come back from Egypt, I'm writing this letter
to you __________________________________________ in Egypt
with me as soon as possible. (hope vt.)
→Hearing you had come back from Egypt, I'm writing this letter
to you _______________________________________________ in
Egypt with me as soon as possible. (hope n.)
hoping that you can share your experiences
in the hope that you can share your experiences
(教材P41) Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second
manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by
the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its
surface. 此后,“神舟六号”和“神舟七号”分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行以及中国人的第一次太空行走,随后“玉兔”月球车被送上月球以研究月球表面。
句型公式
过去分词(短语)作状语
【句式点拨】
句中followed by…是过去分词短语作伴随状语,可以转换为and was
followed by…。
【相关拓展】
(1)过去分词作状语的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致,过去分词与
逻辑主语之间一般是被动关系。
(2)表示时间、原因、条件、让步的过去分词可以转换成相应的状语
从句或并列结构。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The film star walked to his car, _________ (follow) by a crowd
of journalists.
②My English teacher stood there, ____________ (surround) by
some students asking questions.
③_______ (give) more time and support, we could have done it
better.
followed
surrounded
Given
④_________ (warn) of the danger, he still went skating on the
thin ice.
Warned
◆完成句子/句式改写
⑤______________________________， the club aims to help
cultivate/arouse students' interest in Chinese calligraphy.
该俱乐部成立于2010年9月，旨在帮助培养/激发学生对中国书法的
兴趣。
Founded in September in 2010
⑥Though they were beaten by the opposite team, the players
were not discouraged.
→____________________________， the players were not
discouraged. (用过去分词改写)
Beaten by the opposite team
练 习 册
Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.As the _______ (火箭) gets farther into space, the earth's
atmosphere is left behind.
rocket
2.In the absence of ________ (重力), there would be no air
around the earth.
gravity
3.One must have a good sense of direction when driving a
________ (车辆).
vehicle
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.There are countless travel _________ (机构) all over the world,
serving the tourists.
agencies
5.If you _______ (渴望) to meet new friends and have fun,
basketball is the best sport for you.
desire
6.The destruction of these treasures was a loss for _________
(人类).
mankind
7.There are many _________ (卫星) in space orbiting the earth.
satellites
8.It is said that another rocket will soon be __________ (发射)
in that country.
launched
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9.They also set up the traffic _______ (信号灯) and a series of
traffic monitoring equipment.
signals
10.No one knows clearly when exactly the _________ (宇宙)
came into existence.
universe
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅱ 单句填空
1.The desire ________ (take) advantage of every opportunity has
proved a benefit to one's growth in some respects.
to take
2.China has succeeded in _________ (send) Chang'e 4 to
explore the surface of the far side of the moon.
sending
3.Feeling a strange silence in the air, she _____________ (leap)
from the seat abruptly.
leaped/leapt
4.The old man fought the painful illness with courage and
______________ (determine).
determination
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5.You should exercise more so as _________ (keep) energetic
and you can work efficiently.
to keep
6.We are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the
_______________ (disappoint) and anger of others.
disappointment
7.It's important that parents should allow their children some
______________ (independent).
independence
8.The virus ______________ (transmit) to humans by close
contact with infected birds, and cannot be passed from human
to human.
is transmitted
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9.Mary __________ (signal) wildly to her friends in the crowds,
but they didn't notice her.
signa(l)led
10.On 28 January, 1986, seven American astronauts died when
the US space shuttle Challenger exploded soon after it
______________ (launch).
was launched
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅲ 短语填空
1.___________ (确保) that all the power is cut off before you
leave the office.
Make sure
2.It took them about one month to ___________(弄清楚，弄明
白)how to start the equipment.
figure out
3.In class, keep your attention ____________ (专注于) what your
teacher is saying.
focused on
4.I ______________________ (对……失望) the film. I had expected
it to be much better.
was disappointed with
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5.The Titanic sank into the Atlantic Ocean with most of the
passengers __________ (在船上).
on board
6.Inspired by the famous NBA basketball player, he
___________________ (决心做) be a basketball player.
was determined to
7._______________ (抱着……的希望) earning both money and
social experience, I became a door-to-door salesman.
In the hope of
8.Have you learned enough spoken English to _________
(继续,开展) a conversation with the foreigners
carry on
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ⅳ 句型训练
1.______________________________________________________,
many of them have died out over the years. (despite)
尽管做了很多保护这些濒危物种的努力,但是许多濒危物种近年来还
是灭绝了。
Despite much effort to protect these endangered species
2.The hunter walked slowly in the woods,____________________.
(过去分词作状语)
猎人在树林里慢慢地走着,后面跟着他的狗。
followed by his dog
1
2
3
4
5
3.China has become ________________________ a spacecraft on
the far side of the moon. (the first…to do…)
中国已经成为第一个将宇宙飞船着陆在月球背面的国家。
the first country to land
4.___________________________________________ in the summer
camp, but you can also visit some old museums. (not only 位于
句首倒装)在这次夏令营中,你不仅会欣赏到美妙的音乐,还可以参观一些古老的博物馆。
Not only will you enjoy great/beautiful music
5.The teacher desired that __________________________________
before school was over. (虚拟语气)
老师要求所有练习要在放学前交上来。
all the exercises (should) be handed in
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅴ 阅读理解
[2024·河南郑州十校高一期中联考]
On July 11th Virgin Galactic (维珍银河) finally realized the
promise that it would take passengers on life-changing trips in
its spaceships. For 4 minutes, its 6 temporarily weightless
passengers, including the firm's co-founder, Sir Richard Branson,
saw the planet's curvature (曲度) against the blackness of outer
space. He may have been pleased to beat Jeff Bezos, Amazon's
1
2
3
4
retired boss, who would go slightly higher for slightly less time
in a vehicle built by his own company, Blue Origin, on July 20th.
The two are among a growing group of fans who believe
space travel's time has come. Suborbital (亚轨道的) tourism is
part of a broader space economy that has boomed over the
past decade thanks to technological advances. Those at Morgan
Stanley expect the entire space economy to bring in $1 trillion
by 2040, from $350 billion today. UBS expects the entire space
economy to produce $800 billion by the end of this decade.
1
2
3
4
Space travel, it thinks, will make “a big contribution” to that
total.
But that is highly unlikely. For example, space travel is not
even Blue Origin's main goal. The company is focusing on
developing a large new rocket for launching satellites, on selling
advanced rocket engines to other companies and on winning
NASA contracts such as that for a system to land humans on
the Moon. In the long run, Mr Bezos doesn't see Blue Origin as
a provider of services to thrill-seekers.
1
2
3
4
The business can be promising once regular flights begin to
offset (抵消) the rockets' development costs. But how fast and
by how much is uncertain. Without tourist-friendly places to visit,
space travel, with its far higher ticket prices, will not be a huger
earner.
Another challenge—also the biggest uncertainty—relates to
safety. History has shown that a disaster can set progress back
by years. Even with no accidents, problems may come up. Strict
top-down rules could mean that industry will no longer have
the freedom to pursue new approaches to improving safety.
1
2
3
4
Space travel may remain a hobby for a few super-rich with
a desire to take risks and lots of time to spare. Not exactly a
mass market, then, for the time being.
1
2
3
4
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了现在很多富豪
都热衷于太空旅行，而且很多大型公司都在努力实现它。但是现在
太空旅行还不太现实，一是因为它会耗费太多的成本，二是因为安
全问题。
1
2
3
4
( ) 1.Why is the event of Sir Richard Branson and Jeff
Bezos mentioned
A.To describe a debate between them.
B.To introduce the topic of space travel.
C.To prove Virgin Galactic's development.
D.To draw our attention to the two super-rich.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第一段“On July 11th Virgin Galactic
(维珍银河) finally realized the promise that it would take
passengers on life-changing trips in its spaceships.”和“He may
have been pleased to beat Jeff Bezos…”以及第二段第一句话“The
two are among a growing group of fans who believe space
travel's time has come.”可推知，第一段提到Sir Richard Branson和
Jeff Bezos是为了说明他们两个都是太空旅行的爱好者，从而引出文
章的主题——太空旅行。故选B项。
1
2
3
4
( ) 2.The underlined word “boomed” in Paragraph 2
probably means________.
A.increased B.recovered C.slowed D.weakened
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Those at Morgan Stanley
expect the entire space economy to bring in $1 trillion by 2040,
from ＄350 billion today.”可知，Morgan Stanley公司预计，到
2040年，整个太空经济将从目前的3500亿美元增加到1万亿美元。由
此推知，太空经济是蓬勃发展的，因此boomed是“提高，发展”之意。
故选A项。
√
1
2
3
4
( ) 3.What does Blue Origin mainly focus on
A.Providing a journey for the super-rich to fly in space.
B.Improving the safety of space travel.
C.Selling facilities to other companies.
D.Developing the most advanced satellites.
√
1
2
3
4
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段“The company is focusing on
developing a large new rocket for launching satellites, on selling
advanced rocket engines to other companies and on winning
NASA contracts such as that for a system to land humans on
the Moon.”可知，Blue Origin公司主要关注的是向其他公司出售先
进的火箭引擎。故选C项。
1
2
3
4
( ) 4.Why is space travel not a mass market now
A.Super-rich people are unwilling to pay for it.
B.There are too many travel places to choose from.
C.Problems of safety and costs remain to be solved.
D.Only the super-rich are allowed by the strict rules.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第四段“…space travel， with its far
higher ticket prices， will not be a huger earner.”以及第五段第
一句话“Another challenge—also the biggest uncertainty—relates
to safety.”可知，现在太空旅行最大的问题是安全问题，另外太空旅
行价格昂贵，所以目前它没有广阔的市场。故选C项。
√
1
2
3
4
Ⅵ 阅读七选五
Going to outer space is a little like going camping. Food
with all the water dried out is light and doesn't spoil (变坏). So,
many space foods are dried on Earth and stored in special
packets. 1.___
On Earth, gravity is the force that keeps your feet on the
ground and your sandwich on your plate. 2.___ To keep food
from floating (漂浮) away, astronauts on the space shuttle attach
the packets to a special tray (托盘).
E
B
1
2
3
4
5
The tray can be fixed to a wall or to the astronaut's lap. To
prepare their food, astronauts use liquid forms of salt and
pepper. The liquid sticks to the food better. Regular salt and
pepper would float away, maybe up an astronaut's nose.
3.___ So astronauts drink everything from a small bag with
a straw (吸管) that can be closed. Astronauts say that most
space foods taste pretty good.
Some, such as apples and pudding, are the same as the
foods you eat on Earth. Astronauts eat tortillas instead of bread
A
1
2
3
4
5
because they make fewer crumbs (碎屑). 4.___ Your body uses
food in space the same way it does on Earth. Your body must
deal with waste in space too.
During take-off and landing, astronauts can't leave their
seats to go to the bathroom. They wear diapers (尿布) under
their spacesuits instead. The space shuttle has a bathroom the
size of a small closet. The toilet has bars that keep astronauts
from floating away. 5.___
F
G
1
2
3
4
5
A.Liquids float right out of cups and glasses, though.
B.But there's no gravity in space.
C.In outer space, everything seems to be different.
D.Rubbish from daily life cannot be thrown everywhere.
E.Some, such as dried pears, taste good right out of the packet.
F.Floating crumbs could get stuck in equipment or an
astronaut's eye.
G.A strong flow of air is used instead of water to flush waste
down the toilet.
1
2
3
4
5
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宇航员在外太空的日
常生活。
1
2
3
4
5
1.___
E
[解析] E项“Some, such as dried pears, taste good right out of
the packet.”承接上文“So, many space foods are dried on Earth
and stored in special packets.”,举例说明了一种脱水太空食物,与上
文构成顺承关系,其中dried pears, packet与上文内容照应。故选E项。
1
2
3
4
5
2.___
B
[解析] 上文“On Earth, gravity is the force that keeps your feet
on the ground and your sandwich on your plate.”讲地球引力让
食物待在盘子里,下文“To keep food from floating(漂浮) away,
astronauts on the space shuttle attach the packets to a special
tray(托盘).” 说在太空中宇航员要用特殊托盘来防止食物飞走,上下文
有转折关系,B 项“But there's no gravity in space.”(但是在太空中没
有重力。)说明原因,承上启下。故选B项。
1
2
3
4
5
3.___
A
[解析] 根据句中连词so可知上下文有因果关系,A项“Liquids float
right out of cups and glasses, though.”是下文“So astronauts
drink everything from a small bag with a straw(吸管) that can
be closed.”的原因。故选A项。
1
2
3
4
5
4.___
[解析] F项“Floating crumbs could get stuck in equipment or an
astronaut's eye.”是对上文“Astronauts eat tortillas instead of bread
because they make fewer crumbs(碎屑).”提到的宇航员不吃面包的
进一步解释,选项中的crumbs与上文照应。故选F项。
F
1
2
3
4
5
5.___
G
[解析] 上文“The toilet has bars that keep astronauts from
floating away.”讲的是卫生间的设施,G项“A strong flow of air is
used instead of water to flush waste down the toilet.”
(用一股强劲的气流代替水将排泄物冲下厕所。)承接上文,选项中的
toilet与上文照应。故选G项。
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅶ 语法填空
[2024·江苏盐城五校联考高一期中]
China's next-generation rocket to carry humans is expected
to make 1.____ (it) flight around 2027. It is an important part of
China's ambitious plan to place its astronauts 2.____ the moon.
The new rocket will be about 90 metres tall, 3._______ means it
will be almost twice as tall as the Long March 5, currently the
4.________ (big) in China's rocket family.
The new rocket will be capable of carrying spaceship
5.__________ (weigh) about 27 tons into an Earth-moon orbit
its
on
which
biggest
weighing
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
(轨道). It is intended for the country's future manned
spaceflights that 6._______________ (carry) out by a new-
generation spaceship. In the long term, Long March 9, China's
super-heavy rocket 7.___________ is under development, will
also join the group of the new rockets to transport 8._________
(material) to the moon to build a long-lasting base there.
China's space authorities have a long-term plan 9.________
(land) astronauts on the moon and set up at least one science
station there. They hope to carry out scientific research, develop
lunar resources 10._____ strengthen the nation's space
capabilities.
will be carried
that/which
materials
to land
and
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。中国下一代载人火箭预计将在
2027年左右首飞，这枚尚未命名的新型火箭是中国载人登月计划的
重要组成部分。
1.____
its
[解析] 考查代词。修饰名词flight，应用形容词性物主代词its，在句
中作定语。故填its。
2.____
on
[解析] 考查介词。place…on the moon “把……放在月球上”。故填
on。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3._______
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。此句是非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主
句，且从句缺主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4.________
biggest
[解析] 考查形容词最高级。根据句意和定冠词the可知，应填形容词
big的最高级形式biggest，表示“最大的”。故填biggest。
5.__________
weighing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语， 被修饰名词spaceship
与weigh之间是主动关系，用现在分词weighing。故填weighing。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6._______________
will be carried
[解析] 考查时态和语态。空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，that
指代先行词spaceflights，描述将要发生的动作，应用一般将来时，
动词carry与其逻辑主语spaceflights是被动关系，应用一般将来时的
被动语态。故填will be carried。
7.___________
that/which
[解析] 考查定语从句。此句是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词rocket，
先行词为物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which。
故填that/which。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8._________
materials
[解析] 考查名词复数。此处泛指“材料、物资”，用复数materials。故
填materials。
9.________
to land
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式作后置定语修饰plan，表示
“做某事的计划”。故填to land。
10._____
and
[解析] 考查连词。hope后有三个动词不定式作宾语，即to carry
out…，(to) develop…和(to) strengthen…，空处应填连词and表示并
列。故填and。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10