Period Three Discovering Useful Structure
语言精讲
1.①to tell ②to be recognised ③that ④in order not to/so as not to disturb others ⑤In order to enrich our campus life;in order to/so as to enrich our campus life;so that/in order that we could enrich our campus life
2.①for ②of ③lacking ④a lack of mutual understanding; lacking communication ⑤lacked/were lacking in cooking experience;lacking (in) cooking experience
3.①(数量)超过 ②在更远处 ③除……之外 ④which was totally beyond my expectations ⑤beyond words
4.①As ②as ③It ④What ⑤As is known to all;It is known to all;What is known to all is
语法归纳
【自我归纳】
状语; 后置定语
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.to catch 2.to be told 3.to reduce 4.to be completed 5.to walk 6.to do 7.to get 8.to come
9.to help 10.To enjoy
●Ⅱ 1.to be held
2.To deal with the increasingly serious problem
3.In order to develop students’ basic life skills
4.only to learn
5.lose the ability to focusPeriod Three Discovering Useful Structures
Ⅰ.1.to forget 2.to be allowed 3.to be working 4.to express 5.to get 6.to see 7.to improve 8.to meet
9.to inform 10.to have designed
Ⅱ.1.to face the challenge 2.Being the first to put your hand up 3.so as to/in order to catch 4.only to find it didn’t fit 5.to be held next week
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国即将发射的载人月球着陆器和新型载人飞船的名称,并介绍了名称的含义,以及两台设备的功能和型号等。
1.the 考查冠词。此处特指即将发射的载人月球着陆器和新型载人飞船的名称,应用定冠词the。故填the。
2.named 考查非谓语动词。空处作the lunar lander的后置定语,且和the lunar lander是被动关系,应用name的过去分词形式。故填named。
3.symbolizing 考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语作状语,symbolize和the new crew spaceship在逻辑上是主动关系,应用现在分词形式作状语。故填symbolizing。
4.will be used 考查时态和语态。结合后面的will replace可知,此处在描述未来的情况,时态应用一般将来时,use和主语one之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填will be used。
5.and/while 考查连词。空处连接前后两个完整的句子,两者之间可理解为是并列关系,应用并列连词and连接;或理解为前后形成对比,用并列连词while连接,意为“而”,表示对比两件事物。故填and/while。
6.proposals 考查名词复数。作介词from的宾语,应用名词proposal,且空前有2,000,proposal应用复数形式。故填proposals。
7.to conduct 考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth是固定短语,意为“力争做到某事”。故填to conduct。
8.nearly 考查副词。修饰后面的数量,应用副词nearly,意为“将近,几乎”。故填nearly。
9.that/which 考查定语从句。此处是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词module,先行词指物,关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。
10.in 考查介词。in length是固定短语,意为“长度为……”。故填in。
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。人们为了太空探索而发明的科学技术也能够为我们的生活带来便利,文章举例说明了这一点。
1.B 词义猜测题。根据第一段“The 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations give us opportunities of our time—opportunities to terminate extreme poverty, to make sure that everyone can get food and clean water.”可知,联合国的17项可持续发展目标中有几项是关于每个人都能够吃到食物、喝到干净的水,即消除贫困。由此可知,画线词应是“结束,终结”的意思。故选B。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中“When astronauts are in the microgravity environment, their bodies react as if they’re aging rapidly. Their bones and muscles weaken, and the systems of their bodies change. As scientists study how to keep astronauts healthy in space, we can take the exercises and techniques we use for astronauts and transfer (转用) them to improve our health here.”可知,微重力环境对宇航员是有害的。故选D。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Often, as we develop technology for astronauts and exploration for spacecrafts, we can also transfer those inventions to help people on the earth. The filtration (过滤) system is one of the examples.”可知,第四段主要是说我们能够把这些发明应用到地球上的普通人身上。接下来,作者把过滤系统作为例证来印证这一点,即展示太空发明的迁移运用。故选C。
4.B 主旨大意题。通读文章,尤其是根据首段“In fact, there are many space services that can help us pursue the Sustainable Development Goals.”可知,文章主要论述了人们为了太空探索而发明的科学技术也能够为我们的生活带来便利,B项“我们可以用来改善生活的太空技术”可以作为最佳标题。故选B。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了很多国家对登陆火星感兴趣的一些原因。
1.G 前文“It sounds like something from science fiction—a space journey into the vast expanse of space, heading towards Mars. While we’re not quite ready to put a person on the land, the question we ask today is…”引出登上火星的话题,空处应该是一个疑问句,与登陆火星有关,G项“Why are so many countries interested in going to Mars ”(为什么这么多国家对去火星感兴趣 )提出疑问,承接前文,符合语境。故选G。
2.B 前文“The space race saw the USA and USSR compete to achieve the first in spaceflight. The Soviet Union released Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite (人造卫星), before anyone else.”介绍美国和前苏联的太空竞赛,描述了前苏联的太空成就,空处应该与美国的太空成就有关,B项“And the US landed on the Moon first.”(美国第一个登陆月球。)承接前文,符合语境。故选B。
3.C 前文“While the reputation and bragging (吹嘘) rights to be the first nation to touch down on Mars are an obvious draw, there are other reasons we want to get there.”指出人类想登陆火星还有其他原因。后文“You only have to look at the fossilized remains of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet.”表明人类想登陆火星的理由与人类的生存有关,C项“One of these could be the survival of our species.”(其中之一可能是人类的生存。)符合语境,作为段首句,可引出段落内容,同时承接前文,其中的survival和后文的habitable呼应。故选C。
4.A 前文“However, not everyone agrees.”指出有人反对。后文“He has said the concept of changing habitability of another planet because of the damage we have done to Earth makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth.”具体描述一名反对者的看法,空处应该与反对者有关,A项“Leading astrophysicist Neil Tyson is one of them.”(著名天体物理学家尼尔·泰森就是其中之一。)符合语境,点明反对者的身份,承前启后,其中的Neil Tyson是后文he所指代的对象。故选A。
5.E 前文“It seems the main reason is the search for extraterrestrial (地球外的) life.”提到了寻找外星生命,空处应该与外星生命有关,E项“It has been believed that, at one time, Mars was filled with life.”(人们相信,火星曾经充满了生命。)符合语境,承接前文,且at one time呼应后文“But now seemingly dead…”中的now。故选E。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了Diana Trujillo作为一名女性,靠着努力和毅力一步步成为美国宇航局工程师的故事。
1.C 根据前文“…a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet.”和后文“…Diana Trujillo has come off…”可知,前后是转折关系。故选C。therefore因此;instead相反;however然而;moreover而且。
2.B 根据后文“…leading a 45-person team that’s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover (探测器).”及study Aerospace Engineering可知,她现在是一名工程师。故选B。 astronaut宇航员;engineer工程师; pilot飞行员;doctor医生。
3.A 根据后文“…she followed her dad’s…”可知,她毫不犹豫地听从了父亲的建议。故选A。hesitation犹豫;caution小心;expectation期待;regret后悔。
4.D 根据前文“…her dad offered to send her to Miami…”以及后文可知,她听从了父亲的建议去迈阿密学习。故选D。 command命令; footstep脚步; request要求;suggestion建议。
5.C 根据前文with just $300及后文by doing a series of housekeeping jobs可知,她在美国生活艰苦,通过做许多兼职才能勉强完成学业。故选C。look看;pass通过;struggle艰难地进行;push推动。
6.D 根据上文“…her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering.”可知,这里是指她的求学之旅。故选D。mission任务;occupation职业; adventure冒险; journey旅程。
7.B 根据“One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut…”及后文可知,教授偶然提及一位宇航员,这使她坚定了自己的目标,所以这是改变她人生的时刻。故选B。risk-taking冒险的;life-changing改变人生的; long-suffering长期受苦的;ever-lasting持久的。
8.A 根据后文“…she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’…”可知,教授的话使她意识到这件事。故选A。realize意识到;remember记得;imagine想象;assume假设。
9.C 根据后文Trujillo’s career goals可知,这件事激励她继续追求自己的目标。故选C。 serve服务; train训练; inspire激励;become成为。
10.D 根据后文“…became the first Hispanic woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy…”可知,她继续学习,最终被美国宇航局学院录取。故选D。start开始; abandon抛弃;postpone推迟;continue继续。
11.B 根据后文“…became the first Hispanic woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007.”可知,她最终在2007年成为第一位被美国宇航局学院录取的西班牙女性。故选B。immediately立即;eventually最终;gradually逐渐地;suddenly突然。
12.C 根据前文but及后文“…also leads by example…”可知,她并没有就此止步。故选C。leave离开;succeed成功;stop停止;reach到达。
13.A 根据前文“She also leads by example…”可知,她以身作则,激励女性在STEM领域从事工作。故选A。motivate激励;promise承诺; allow允许;persuade说服。
14.D 根据前文“…became the first Hispanic woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007.”可知,她自己追求梦想的故事就是生动的例子,证明只要努力,女性也可以涉足科学工程等领域。故选D。 memory记忆;symbol象征; warning警告; proof证据。
15.B 根据前文anyone willing to work hard enough可知,只要足够努力,任何人都可以从事航天事业,伸手够到遥远的星辰。故选B。stare at盯着;reach for伸手够;long for渴望;come after紧跟。Period Three Discovering Useful Structure
1.so as to (do sth) 为了,以便
(教材P42)In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for later use. 在太空,宇航员收集所有的脏水以便于回收,供以后使用。
(1)so as to后跟目的状语, 意为“以便……;为使……”,表目的,只能位于句中。其否定形式用so as not to。
(2)in order to后跟目的状语, 意为“为了……;以便……”,可位于句首或句中。
(3)so that引导目的状语从句, 意为“为了……;以便……”。
(4)in order that引导目的状语从句,意为“为了……;目的是……”。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①We should improve our ability to engage in international communication so as (tell) China’s story well and make the voice of China heard.
②As Tan once said, Chinese music should carry “universal expression” of the human spirit so as (recognise) by the whole world.
③They flew there in order they might be in time to attend the opening ceremony.
◆完成句子/一句多译
④Talk quietly in the reading room .
在阅览室里,不要大声说话,以免妨碍别人。
⑤为了丰富我们的校园生活,我们学校于上周日组织了一次5公里越野跑比赛。
→ ,
our school organized a 5km cross-country running race last Sunday.
→Our school organized a 5km cross-country running race last Sunday, .
→Our school organized a 5km cross-country running race last Sunday .
2.lack n. (the state of not having sth or not having enough of sth)缺乏;短缺 vt. (to have none or not enough of sth)没有;缺乏
(教材P42)Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy. 在太空中由于缺乏引力,宇航员的骨骼和肌肉可能会变得很弱,因此他们需要每天进行锻炼,这将有助于他们保持健康。
(1)lack sth 缺少某物
(2)a lack of… 缺乏……
for lack of… 因缺乏……
(3)lacking adj. 短缺的;缺乏的
be lacking in 缺乏;缺少
【佳句背诵】
Though she has a well-paid job, she often cannot make both ends meet for a lack of the ability to manage money.
虽然她有一份收入不错的工作,但是因为她不善理财而经常入不敷出。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities lack of space.
②Like many traditional Chinese art forms, Kunqu has been faced with competition from mass culture and a lack interest among young people.
③[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] Emma says it’s challenging to be a health expert, because people can be easily influenced by advertisements (lack) scientific support.
◆完成句子/句式改写
④Nowadays, there is often between parents and children, which might result from .
如今,父母和孩子之间往往缺乏相互理解,这可能是由缺乏沟通所致。
⑤[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] Though they ,the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.
→Though , the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.(用省略句改写)
尽管这对双胞胎缺乏烹饪经验,但他们通过上网寻求建议来弥补。
3.beyond prep.在更远处;超出
(教材P42)Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve.
把人送到其他星球,或者甚至到太阳系外不是一个容易实现的目标。
(1)prep. 指位置上“在更远处”
(2)prep. 指能力、范围、时间或数量上“非……所能及;超出、超过……”
(3)prep. 指“除……之外”
(4)adv. 指“在另一边;在(或向)更远处”
(5)常用词块
beyond sb 令某人无法理解
beyond belief/control/repair
无法相信/控制/修复
beyond expression/description/recognition
无法表达/难以形容/无法辨认
beyond/without doubt 毫无疑问
【活学活用】
◆一词多义
①In the meeting room there were not beyond ten professors present.
②Snowdon and the mountains beyond were covered in snow.
③What else do you know about the stranger beyond what they have said about him
◆完成句子
④[2021·浙江1月考读后续写] The video got thousands of clicks and reviews within hours, . 我完全没想到这段视频在数小时内获得了数千次点击和评论。
⑤[2023·全国乙卷书面表达] In many ways, basketball taught me the importance of discipline, teamwork, and perseverance. The joy and satisfaction of making a perfect shot or a crucial play are . 在很多方面,篮球教会了我纪律、团队合作和毅力的重要性。完美的投篮或者关键的动作带来的快乐和满足是无法用语言表达的。
4.(教材P42) As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.
众所周知,为了在太空中工作,宇航员需要健康且冷静。
as we all know众所周知
句型公式
【句式点拨】
as we all know是个常用句型,意为“众所周知”。其他的表达方式还有:as everyone knows/as is known to all/It is known to all that/What’s known to all等。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
① everyone knows, China has one of the highest savings rates in the world.
②Using clean energy, is known to all, plays an important role in pollution reduction.
③ is known to all that soccer is not popular in America, just as basketball in England.
④ is known to all is that nobody can casually succeed, and that success comes from a person’s perseverance.
◆一句多译
⑤众所周知,旅行可以使我们放松身体,拓展视野,丰富我们的生活。
→ ,travelling may relax our body, broaden our mind and enrich our life.(用定语从句)
→ that travelling may relax our body, broaden our mind and enrich our life. (用it作形式主语)
→ that travelling may relax our body, broaden our mind and enrich our life.(用主语从句)
不定式作定语和状语
【探究发现】
1.(教材P38)To become an astronaut in China, you have to have 1,350 hours of flying experience.
2.(教材P39)First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
3.(教材P40)…on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.
4.(教材P42)As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.
【自我归纳】
上述句子中,1/2/4是不定式作 ;3是不定式作 。
【语法详解】
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成。to是不定式标志,无意义,有时可省略。其否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。这里重点讲解动词不定式作定语和状语的用法。
1.动词不定式作定语
(1)动词不定式作定语,常放在被修饰的名词后面作后置定语,表示尚未发生的动作。
I have an important meeting to attend.
我有一个重要的会议要参加。
(2)名词被形容词最高级、序数词或all, any, no, only等限定词限定,且不定式里的动词与名词为主动关系,后接不定式(短语)作定语。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是第一位在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。
(3)常用在抽象名词attempt,ability,belief,chance,decision,desire,effort,determination,means,plan,promise,right,time,way,wish或不定代词something, nothing等后面作后置定语。
Women have no right to vote and to be voted in that country. 在那个国家,女性没有选举权和被选举权。
(4)不定式里的动词与被修饰的词有动宾关系,且句中有该不定式的逻辑主语时,该不定式通常用主动形式表被动意义;若是不及物动词,其后还要加上适当的介词。
The manager is particular about the paper to write on. 经理对写字的纸很挑剔。
2.动词不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语可表示目的、结果及原因等,其逻辑主语是句子的主语,故常用主动形式。
(1)表目的:也可用于so as to和in order to之后表示强调。
In ancient China, food was stored with ice to keep fresh. 在中国古代,食物为了保鲜同冰一起贮存。
(2)表结果:常用于enough to, so…as to, such…as to, only to以及too…to等结构中。
I’m not such a fool as to believe him.
我还不至于傻到相信他。
注意:不定式短语表示结果时,常与only 连用,暗示一种意外的结果。
He hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had left.
他急匆匆赶到火车站,结果却发现火车已经开走了。
(3)表原因:常用于表示情绪和心理活动的形容词之后。
I feel greatly honoured to be invited to attend this party. 被邀请参加这次聚会,我感到十分荣幸。
(4)用在“be+性质形容词+不定式”结构中。常见的形容词有:comfortable,dangerous,difficult,easy,fit,good,hard,heavy,interesting,impossible,light,pleasant,safe等。
This sofa is very comfortable to sit on.
这个沙发坐起来很舒适。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.I was watching the clock all through the meeting as I had a train (catch).
2.George returned after the war, only (tell) that his wife had left him.
3.This is the best way we can think of (reduce) the waste of water in students’ bathrooms.
4.The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
5.Our tour includes a chance (walk) in the footstep of Van Gogh and Gauguin.
6.It’s said that Jackson is the best man (do) the job.
7.His ability (get) on well with people is his chief advantage.
8.He’s always the first one (come) to the classroom.
9.Group activities will be organized after class (help) children develop team spirit.
10. (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smartphones.
●Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.On behalf of the Students’ Union, I’d like to extend warm welcome to you all to the Traditional Chinese Cultural Week in the Arts Centre.(hold)我谨代表学生会对各位来宾参加在艺术中心举办的中国传统文化周表示热烈的欢迎。
2. , schools should reduce the academic burden of students and increase the time of outdoor activities.(deal with)为了解决这个日益严重的问题,学校应该减轻学生的学习负担,增加户外活动的时间。
3. ,
a clothes and quilt folding competition was held in our school last Sunday.(in order to)为了培养学生的基本生活技能,上周日我们学校举办了一场叠衣服和叠被子的比赛。
4.Yesterday I went to see her that she had gone abroad a week before. (only to do sth) 昨天我去看她,却得知她一周前出国了。
5.Unless you can sleep well, you will , plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. (focus)
除非你能睡个好觉,否则在一两个晚上之后,你就会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力。Period Three Discovering Useful Structures
●Ⅰ 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Bob wrote down my telephone number so as not (forget) it.
2.Fortunately after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough (allow) to leave.
3.He pretended (work) hard when his boss passed him.
4.Realizing that was the only opportunity (express) his feelings, he treasured it.
5.There was much noise upstairs, so the man downstairs found it difficult (get) to sleep.
6.They were astonished (see) the building in its original condition.
7.The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality.
8.The goal of this activity is (meet) the needs of common people.
9.I am writing (inform) you that there will be a volleyball match in our school next week.
10.Your cousin is said (design) a new computer program.
●Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage .
多亏了你的鼓励,我最终有了面对挑战的勇气。
2. and getting answers right is not always cool in British schools. 在英国学校,第一个举手并能正确回答问题并不一定意味着你很酷。
3.She asked me to drive her to the airport the 5:00 plane. 为了赶上5点的飞机,她让我开车把她送到机场。
4.Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, .
她焦急地从包裹中取出裙子, 然后试穿了一下, 结果发现它不合身。
5.When he heard about the talent show at his school, Brian decided to take part in it.
听说学校下周要举办才艺表演,布赖恩决定参加。
●Ⅲ 语篇填空
[2024·郑州外国语学校高一期中]
China revealed 1. names of its upcoming manned lunar lander and new crew space-ship on Saturday. The lunar lander, 2. (name) Lanyue (Embracing the moon), reflects China’s ambition for space exploration. The new crew spaceship is called Mengzhou (Dream Vessel), 3. (symbolize) the nation’s dream of lunar landing and space adventure. There will be two models of the Mengzhou—one 4. (use) to transport astronauts to the moon 5. the other will replace the current spaceship Shenzhou to ferry crew members between Earth and the Tiangong Space Station.
The names were chosen from nearly 2,000 public 6. (propose) by experts. The research and development of the Lanyue, the Mengzhou, and the Long March 10 carrier rocket are progressing well. China aims 7. (conduct) its first manned mission to the moon around 2030.
The Lanyue lunar lander will weigh 8. (near) 26 tons, accommodating two astronauts and a 200-kg rover. The Mengzhou spacecraft will consist of two major components—a reentry module 9. will house astronauts and serve as the control centre and a service module containing power and propulsion systems. The vehicle will be nearly 9 metres 10. length, 4.5 metres in diameter and weigh 22 metric tons.
●Ⅳ 阅读理解
[2024·福建浦城一中高一期中]
The 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations give us opportunities of our time—opportunities to terminate extreme poverty, to make sure that everyone can get food and clean water. In fact, there are many space services that can help us pursue the Sustainable Development Goals.
Communication satellites make it possible to make a phone call and have the Internet service on Earth. This is particularly important during times of disaster recovery. When Typhoon Haiyan struck the Philippines, the local communication networks needed to be repaired, and teams brought in communication tools that could connect with satellites. This was useful during the time of repair and recovery.
In space, we have a laboratory on the International Space Station. The vehicle and everything inside are in a form of free fall around the earth, and they don’t experience the effect of gravity. And because of this, we call it “microgravity (微重力)”. When astronauts are in the microgravity environment, their bodies react as if they’re aging rapidly. Their bones and muscles weaken, and the systems of their bodies change. As scientists study how to keep astronauts healthy in space, we can take the exercises and techniques we use for astronauts and transfer (转用) them to improve our health here.
Often, as we develop technology for astronauts and exploration for spacecrafts, we can also transfer those inventions to help people on the earth. The filtration (过滤) system is one of the examples. It is a tool that liquid is passed through in order to remove any materials that are not wanted. With the help of filtration systems, drinking clean water became possible for astronauts in space. The system is now being used around the world.
Space is also a great source of inspiration, through education, research and astronomy (天文学). Now, countries around the world are working at advancing their own development by increasing their local knowledge of engineering, science and space.
( )1.What does the underlined word “terminate” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Create. B.End.
C.Help. D.Monitor.
( )2.What can be known about microgravity
A.It is a state of free fall.
B.It widely exists on the earth.
C.It can be changed by people.
D.It brings harm to astronauts.
( )3.Why does the author give the example of filtration systems
A.To encourage the exploration of space.
B.To promote the use of filtration systems.
C.To show the transfer of space inventions.
D.To inspire people to invent more tools.
( )4.What is the best title of the text
A.The mystery of outer space technologies
B.Space technologies we can use to improve life
C.The development of advanced space technologies
D.Sustainable development of science and technology
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·吉林白城高一期中]
It sounds like something from science fiction—a space journey into the vast expanse of space, heading towards Mars. While we’re not quite ready to put a person on the land, the question we ask today is: 1.
The space race saw the USA and USSR compete to achieve the first in spaceflight. The Soviet Union released Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite (人造卫星), before anyone else. 2. Now it appears that Mars is the heaven body of desire. While the reputation and bragging (吹嘘) rights to be the first nation to touch down on Mars are an obvious draw, there are other reasons we want to get there.
3. You only have to look at the fossilized remains of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet. While Mars doesn’t have the right conditions to call it home just yet, there’s always the concept of terraforming (地球化)—changing the environment of a planet to meet our needs.
However, not everyone agrees. 4. He has said the concept of changing habitability of another planet because of the damage we have done to Earth makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth.
It seems the main reason is the search for extraterrestrial (地球外的) life. 5. But now seemingly dead, the potential fossils could answer questions about our own evolution and that of our planet. One theory is that bacterial life on our planet didn’t start here, but was transferred via asteroid from Mars.
A.Leading astrophysicist Neil Tyson is one of them.
B.And the US landed on the Moon first.
C.One of these could be the survival of our species.
D.May landing on Mars inspire more people to become interested in science
E.It has been believed that, at one time, Mars was filled with life.
F.Surely inspiring a new generation to visit the stars is reason enough.
G.Why are so many countries interested in going to Mars
●Ⅵ 完形填空
[2024·山西太原五中高一阶段性检测]
For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s, a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet. 1 , Diana Trujillo has come off—she is a(n) 2 now, leading a 45-person team that’s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover (探测器).
Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Diana was certain of her passion for science. When she was 17, her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering. Without any 3 , she followed her dad’s 4 . Arriving in the US with just $300, Trujillo had to 5 through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs. The 6 was definitely not easy, but Trujillo never complained.
Then came another 7 moment for Trujillo. One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with. 8 she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut” was all it took to 9 Trujillo’s career goals. So she 10 studies in space science and 11 became the first Hispanic woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007. Since then, Trujillo has worn many hats at America’s space agency.
But Diana hasn’t 12 there. She also leads by example, 13 women to pursue careers in STEM fields. Her own story is living 14 that just beyond that barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to 15 the stars.
( )1.A.Therefore B.Instead
C.However D.Moreover
( )2.A.astronaut B.engineer
C.pilot D.doctor
( )3.A.hesitation B.caution
C.expectation D.regret
( )4.A.command B.footstep
C.request D.suggestion
( )5.A.look B.pass
C.struggle D.push
( )6.A.mission B.occupation
C.adventure D.journey
( )7.A.risk-taking B.life-changing
C.long-suffering D.ever-lasting
( )8.A.Realizing B.Remembering
C.Imagining D.Assuming
( )9.A.serve B.train
C.inspire D.become
( )10.A.started B.abandoned
C.postponed D.continued
( )11.A.immediately B.eventually
C.gradually D.suddenly
( )12.A.left B.succeeded
C.stopped D.reached
( )13.A.motivating B.promising
C.allowing D.persuading
( )14.A.memory B.symbol
C.warning D.proof
( )15.A.stare at B.reach for
C.long for D.come after(共90张PPT)
Period Three
Discovering Useful Structure
语言精讲
语法归纳
练习册
1.so as to (do sth) 为了,以便
(教材P42)In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to
recycle it for later use. 在太空,宇航员收集所有的脏水以便于回收,
供以后使用。
(1)so as to后跟目的状语, 意为“以便……;为使……”,表目的,只能位
于句中。其否定形式用so as not to。
(2)in order to后跟目的状语, 意为“为了……;以便……”,可位于句首
或句中。
(3)so that引导目的状语从句, 意为“为了……;以便……”。
(4)in order that引导目的状语从句,意为“为了……;目的是……”。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①We should improve our ability to engage in international
communication so as _______ (tell) China's story well and make
the voice of China heard.
to tell
②As Tan once said, Chinese music should carry “universal
expression” of the human spirit so as _________________
(recognise) by the whole world.
to be recognised
③They flew there in order _____ they might be in time to
attend the opening ceremony.
that
◆完成句子/一句多译
④Talk quietly in the reading room __________________________
________________.
在阅览室里,不要大声说话,以免妨碍别人。
in order not to/so as not to disturb others
⑤为了丰富我们的校园生活,我们学校于上周日组织了一次5公里越野
跑比赛。
→_________________________________，our school organized a
5km cross-country running race last Sunday.
→Our school organized a 5km cross-country running race last
Sunday, _________________________________________.
→Our school organized a 5km cross-country running race last
Sunday ___________________________________________________.
In order to enrich our campus life
in order to/so as to enrich our campus life
so that/in order that we could enrich our campus life
2.lack n. (the state of not having sth or not having enough of
sth)缺乏;短缺 vt. (to have none or not enough of sth)没有;缺乏
(教材P42)Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in
space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every
day, which will help them stay healthy. 在太空中由于缺乏引力,宇
航员的骨骼和肌肉可能会变得很弱,因此他们需要每天进行锻炼,这将
有助于他们保持健康。
(1)lack sth 缺少某物
(2)a lack of… 缺乏……
for lack of… 因缺乏……
(3)lacking adj. 短缺的;缺乏的
be lacking in 缺乏;缺少
【佳句背诵】
Though she has a well-paid job, she often cannot make both
ends meet for a lack of the ability to manage money.
虽然她有一份收入不错的工作,但是因为她不善理财而经常入不敷出。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big
cities ____ lack of space.
for
②Like many traditional Chinese art forms, Kunqu has been
faced with competition from mass culture and a lack ___
interest among young people.
of
③[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] Emma says it's challenging to be a
health expert, because people can be easily influenced by
advertisements ________ (lack) scientific support.
lacking
◆完成句子/句式改写
④Nowadays, there is often ______________________________
between parents and children, which might result from
______________________.
如今,父母和孩子之间往往缺乏相互理解,这可能是由缺乏沟通所致。
a lack of mutual understanding
lacking communication
⑤[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] Though they ________________
___________________________，the twins made up for it by
turning to the Internet for some advice.
→Though _____________________________， the twins made up
for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.(用省略句改写)
尽管这对双胞胎缺乏烹饪经验，但他们通过上网寻求建议来弥补。
lacked/were lacking in cooking experience
lacking (in) cooking experience
3.beyond prep.在更远处;超出
(教材P42)Sending people to other planets or even beyond the
solar system is not an easy goal to achieve.
把人送到其他星球,或者甚至到太阳系外不是一个容易实现的目标。
(1)prep. 指位置上“在更远处”
(2)prep. 指能力、范围、时间或数量上“非……所能及;超出、超
过……”
(3)prep. 指“除……之外”
(4)adv. 指“在另一边;在(或向)更远处”
(5)常用词块
beyond sb 令某人无法理解
beyond belief/control/repair
无法相信/控制/修复
beyond expression/description/recognition
无法表达/难以形容/无法辨认
beyond/without doubt 毫无疑问
【活学活用】
◆一词多义
①In the meeting room there were not beyond ten professors
present. ___________
②Snowdon and the mountains beyond were covered in snow.
__________
③What else do you know about the stranger beyond what they
have said about him ___________
(数量)超过
在更远处
除……之外
◆完成句子
④[2021·浙江1月考读后续写] The video got thousands of clicks
and reviews within hours, ___________________________________
___________. 我完全没想到这段视频在数小时内获得了数千次点击
和评论。
which was totally beyond my expectations
⑤[2023·全国乙卷书面表达] In many ways, basketball taught me
the importance of discipline, teamwork, and perseverance. The
joy and satisfaction of making a perfect shot or a crucial play
are ______________. 在很多方面，篮球教会了我纪律、团队合作和
毅力的重要性。完美的投篮或者关键的动作带来的快乐和满足是无
法用语言表达的。
beyond words
4.(教材P42) As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy
and calm in order to work in space.
众所周知,为了在太空中工作,宇航员需要健康且冷静。
句型公式
as we all know众所周知
【句式点拨】
as we all know是个常用句型,意为“众所周知”。其他的表达方式还
有:as everyone knows/as is known to all/It is known to all
that/What's known to all等。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①____ everyone knows, China has one of the highest savings
rates in the world.
②Using clean energy, ____ is known to all, plays an important
role in pollution reduction.
As
as
③___ is known to all that soccer is not popular in America, just
as basketball in England.
④______ is known to all is that nobody can casually succeed,
and that success comes from a person's perseverance.
It
What
◆一句多译
⑤众所周知,旅行可以使我们放松身体,拓展视野,丰富我们的生活。
→__________________，travelling may relax our body, broaden
our mind and enrich our life.(用定语从句)
→_________________ that travelling may relax our body,
broaden our mind and enrich our life. (用it作形式主语)
→_______________________ that travelling may relax our body,
broaden our mind and enrich our life.(用主语从句)
As is known to all
It is known to all
What is known to all is
不定式作定语和状语
【探究发现】
1.(教材P38)To become an astronaut in China, you have to have
1,350 hours of flying experience.
2.(教材P39)First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a
related college degree.
3.(教材P40)…on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first
person in the world to enter space.
4.(教材P42)As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy
and calm in order to work in space.
【自我归纳】
上述句子中,1/2/4是不定式作______;3是不定式作__________。
状语
后置定语
【语法详解】
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成。to是不定式标志,无意义,有
时可省略。其否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。这里重点讲解动词不定式作定语和状语的用法。
1.动词不定式作定语
(1)动词不定式作定语,常放在被修饰的名词后面作后置定语,表示尚未
发生的动作。
I have an important meeting to attend.
我有一个重要的会议要参加。
(2)名词被形容词最高级、序数词或all, any, no, only等限定词限定,
且不定式里的动词与名词为主动关系,后接不定式(短语)作定语。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the
Olympic Games. 她是第一位在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。
(3)常用在抽象名词
attempt,ability,belief,chance,decision,desire,effort,determination,
means,plan,promise,right,time,way,wish或不定代词something,
nothing等后面作后置定语。
Women have no right to vote and to be voted in that country.
在那个国家,女性没有选举权和被选举权。
(4)不定式里的动词与被修饰的词有动宾关系,且句中有该不定式的逻
辑主语时,该不定式通常用主动形式表被动意义;若是不及物动词,其后
还要加上适当的介词。
The manager is particular about the paper to write on. 经理对
写字的纸很挑剔。
2.动词不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语可表示目的、结果及原因等,其逻辑主语是句子的
主语,故常用主动形式。
(1)表目的:也可用于so as to和in order to之后表示强调。
In ancient China, food was stored with ice to keep fresh.
在中国古代,食物为了保鲜同冰一起贮存。
(2)表结果:常用于enough to, so…as to, such…as to, only to以及
too…to等结构中。
I'm not such a fool as to believe him.
我还不至于傻到相信他。
注意:不定式短语表示结果时,常与only 连用,暗示一种意外的结果。
He hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had left.
他急匆匆赶到火车站,结果却发现火车已经开走了。
(3)表原因:常用于表示情绪和心理活动的形容词之后。
I feel greatly honoured to be invited to attend this party.
被邀请参加这次聚会,我感到十分荣幸。
(4)用在“be+性质形容词+不定式”结构中。常见的形容词
有:comfortable,dangerous,difficult,easy,fit,good,hard,heavy,interesting,
impossible,light,pleasant,safe等。
This sofa is very comfortable to sit on.
这个沙发坐起来很舒适。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.I was watching the clock all through the meeting as I had a
train _________ (catch).
2.George returned after the war, only ___________ (tell) that his
wife had left him.
3.This is the best way we can think of __________ (reduce) the
waste of water in students' bathrooms.
to catch
to be told
to reduce
4.The airport _________________ (complete) next year will help
promote tourism in this area.
5.Our tour includes a chance ________ (walk) in the footstep of
Van Gogh and Gauguin.
6.It's said that Jackson is the best man _______ (do) the job.
7.His ability _______ (get) on well with people is his chief
advantage.
8.He's always the first one _________ (come) to the classroom.
to be completed
to walk
to do
to get
to come
9.Group activities will be organized after class ________ (help)
children develop team spirit.
10.__________ (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many
senior citizens started to use smartphones.
to help
To enjoy
Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.On behalf of the Students' Union, I'd like to extend warm
welcome to you all to the Traditional Chinese Cultural Week
___________ in the Arts Centre.(hold)我谨代表学生会对各位来宾
参加在艺术中心举办的中国传统文化周表示热烈的欢迎。
to be held
2.___________________________________________, schools should
reduce the academic burden of students and increase the time
of outdoor activities.(deal with)为了解决这个日益严重的问题，学
校应该减轻学生的学习负担，增加户外活动的时间。
To deal with the increasingly serious problem
3.__________________________________________，a clothes and quilt folding competition was held in our school last Sunday.
(in order to)为了培养学生的基本生活技能，上周日我们学校举办了一场叠衣服和叠被子的比赛。
In order to develop students' basic life skills
4.Yesterday I went to see her _____________ that she had gone
abroad a week before. (only to do sth) 昨天我去看她,却得知她一
周前出国了。
only to learn
5.Unless you can sleep well, you will _______________________,
plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. (focus)
除非你能睡个好觉,否则在一两个晚上之后,你就会失去专注、计划和
保持动力的能力。
lose the ability to focus
练 习 册
Ⅰ 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Bob wrote down my telephone number so as not __________
(forget) it.
to forget
2.Fortunately after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough
______________ (allow) to leave.
to be allowed
3.He pretended _______________ (work) hard when his boss
passed him.
to be working
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.Realizing that was the only opportunity ___________ (express)
his feelings, he treasured it.
to express
5.There was much noise upstairs, so the man downstairs found
it difficult _______ (get) to sleep.
to get
6.They were astonished _______ (see) the building in its original
condition.
to see
7.The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of
rice ____________ (improve) water quality.
to improve
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.The goal of this activity is _________ (meet) the needs of
common people.
to meet
9.I am writing __________ (inform) you that there will be a
volleyball match in our school next week.
to inform
10.Your cousin is said _________________ (design) a new
computer program.
to have designed
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅱ 语法与写作
1.Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage
_____________________.
多亏了你的鼓励,我最终有了面对挑战的勇气。
to face the challenge
2.___________________________________ and getting answers
right is not always cool in British schools. 在英国学校,第一个举手
并能正确回答问题并不一定意味着你很酷。
Being the first to put your hand up
3.She asked me to drive her to the airport ___________________
________ the 5:00 plane. 为了赶上5点的飞机,她让我开车把她送到
机场。
so as to/in order to catch
1
2
3
4
5
4.Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it
on, _______________________.
她焦急地从包裹中取出裙子, 然后试穿了一下, 结果发现它不合身。
only to find it didn't fit
5.When he heard about the talent show _____________________
at his school, Brian decided to take part in it.
听说学校下周要举办才艺表演,布赖恩决定参加。
to be held next week
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅲ 语篇填空
[2024·郑州外国语学校高一期中]
China revealed 1.____ names of its upcoming manned lunar
lander and new crew space-ship on Saturday. The lunar lander,
2.________ (name) Lanyue (Embracing the moon), reflects China's
ambition for space exploration. The new crew spaceship is called
Mengzhou (Dream Vessel), 3.____________ (symbolize) the
nation's dream of lunar landing and space adventure. There will
be two models of the Mengzhou—one 4._____________ (use) to
the
named
symbolizing
will be used
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transport astronauts to the moon 5.__________ the other will
replace the current spaceship Shenzhou to ferry crew members
between Earth and the Tiangong Space Station.
The names were chosen from nearly 2,000 public
6.__________ (propose) by experts. The research and
development of the Lanyue, the Mengzhou, and the Long
March 10 carrier rocket are progressing well. China aims
7.___________ (conduct) its first manned mission to the moon
around 2030.
and/while
proposals
to conduct
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The Lanyue lunar lander will weigh 8._______ (near) 26 tons,
accommodating two astronauts and a 200-kg rover. The
Mengzhou spacecraft will consist of two major components—a
reentry module 9.___________ will house astronauts and serve as
the control centre and a service module containing power and
propulsion systems. The vehicle will be nearly 9 metres 10.___
length, 4.5 metres in diameter and weigh 22 metric tons.
nearly
that/which
in
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【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国即将发射
的载人月球着陆器和新型载人飞船的名称，并介绍了名称的含义，
以及两台设备的功能和型号等。
1.____
the
[解析] 考查冠词。此处特指即将发射的载人月球着陆器和新型载人
飞船的名称，应用定冠词the。故填the。
2.________
named
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。空处作the lunar lander的后置定语，且和
the lunar lander是被动关系，应用name的过去分词形式。故填
named。
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3.____________
symbolizing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语作状语，symbolize和the
new crew spaceship在逻辑上是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状
语。故填symbolizing。
4._____________
will be used
[解析] 考查时态和语态。结合后面的will replace可知，此处在描述
未来的情况，时态应用一般将来时，use和主语one之间是被动关系，
应用被动语态。故填will be used。
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5.__________
and/while
[解析] 考查连词。空处连接前后两个完整的句子，两者之间可理解
为是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接；或理解为前后形成对比，用
并列连词while连接，意为“而”，表示对比两件事物。故填and/while。
6.__________
proposals
[解析] 考查名词复数。作介词from的宾语，应用名词proposal，且
空前有2,000，proposal应用复数形式。故填proposals。
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7.___________
to conduct
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth是固定短语，意为“力争做
到某事”。故填to conduct。
8._______
nearly
[解析] 考查副词。修饰后面的数量，应用副词nearly，意为“将近，
几乎”。故填nearly。
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9.___________
that/which
[解析] 考查定语从句。此处是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词module，
先行词指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that
或which作引导词。故填that/which。
10.___
in
[解析] 考查介词。in length是固定短语，意为“长度为……”。故填in。
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Ⅳ 阅读理解
[2024·福建浦城一中高一期中]
The 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the United
Nations give us opportunities of our time—opportunities to
terminate extreme poverty, to make sure that everyone can get
food and clean water. In fact, there are many space services
that can help us pursue the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Communication satellites make it possible to make a phone
call and have the Internet service on Earth. This is particularly
important during times of disaster recovery. When Typhoon
Haiyan struck the Philippines, the local communication networks
needed to be repaired, and teams brought in communication
tools that could connect with satellites. This was useful during
the time of repair and recovery.
In space, we have a laboratory on the International Space
Station. The vehicle and everything inside are in a form of free
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fall around the earth, and they don't experience the effect of
gravity. And because of this, we call it “microgravity (微重力)”.
When astronauts are in the microgravity environment, their
bodies react as if they're aging rapidly. Their bones and muscles
weaken, and the systems of their bodies change. As scientists
study how to keep astronauts healthy in space, we can take the
exercises and techniques we use for astronauts and transfer
(转用) them to improve our health here.
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Often, as we develop technology for astronauts and
exploration for spacecrafts, we can also transfer those inventions
to help people on the earth. The filtration (过滤) system is one
of the examples. It is a tool that liquid is passed through in
order to remove any materials that are not wanted. With the
help of filtration systems, drinking clean water became possible
for astronauts in space. The system is now being used around
the world.
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Space is also a great source of inspiration, through
education, research and astronomy (天文学). Now, countries
around the world are working at advancing their own
development by increasing their local knowledge of engineering,
science and space.
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【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。人们为了太空探索而发明的科学技
术也能够为我们的生活带来便利，文章举例说明了这一点。
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( ) 1.What does the underlined word “terminate” in
Paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Create. B.End. C.Help. D.Monitor.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据第一段“The 17 Sustainable Development
Goals of the United Nations give us opportunities of our time—
opportunities to terminate extreme poverty, to make sure that
everyone can get food and clean water.”可知，联合国的17项可持
续发展目标中有几项是关于每个人都能够吃到食物、喝到干净的水，
即消除贫困。由此可知，画线词应是“结束，终结”的意思。故选B。
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( ) 2.What can be known about microgravity
A.It is a state of free fall.
B.It widely exists on the earth.
C.It can be changed by people.
D.It brings harm to astronauts.
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段中“When astronauts are in the
microgravity environment, their bodies react as if they're aging
rapidly. Their bones and muscles weaken, and the systems of
their bodies change. As scientists study how to keep astronauts
healthy in space, we can take the exercises and techniques we
use for astronauts and transfer (转用) them to improve our
health here.”可知，微重力环境对宇航员是有害的。故选D。
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( ) 3.Why does the author give the example of filtration
systems
A.To encourage the exploration of space.
B.To promote the use of filtration systems.
C.To show the transfer of space inventions.
D.To inspire people to invent more tools.
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Often, as we develop
technology for astronauts and exploration for spacecrafts, we
can also transfer those inventions to help people on the earth.
The filtration (过滤) system is one of the examples.”可知，第四
段主要是说我们能够把这些发明应用到地球上的普通人身上。接下
来，作者把过滤系统作为例证来印证这一点，即展示太空发明的迁
移运用。故选C。
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( ) 4.What is the best title of the text
A.The mystery of outer space technologies
B.Space technologies we can use to improve life
C.The development of advanced space technologies
D.Sustainable development of science and technology
[解析] 主旨大意题。通读文章，尤其是根据首段“In fact, there are
many space services that can help us pursue the Sustainable
Development Goals.”可知，文章主要论述了人们为了太空探索而发
明的科学技术也能够为我们的生活带来便利，B项“我们可以用来改
善生活的太空技术”可以作为最佳标题。故选B。
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Ⅴ 阅读七选五
[2024·吉林白城高一期中]
It sounds like something from science fiction—a space
journey into the vast expanse of space, heading towards Mars.
While we're not quite ready to put a person on the land, the
question we ask today is: 1.___
The space race saw the USA and USSR compete to achieve
the first in spaceflight. The Soviet Union released Sputnik 1, an
artificial satellite (人造卫星), before anyone else.
G
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2.___ Now it appears that Mars is the heaven body of desire.
While the reputation and bragging (吹嘘) rights to be the first
nation to touch down on Mars are an obvious draw, there are
other reasons we want to get there.
B
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3.___ You only have to look at the fossilized remains of the
dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet.
While Mars doesn't have the right conditions to call it home
just yet, there's always the concept of terraforming (地球化)—
changing the environment of a planet to meet our needs.
However, not everyone agrees. 4.___ He has said the
concept of changing habitability of another planet because of
the damage we have done to Earth makes no sense when we
can simply terraform Earth.
C
A
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It seems the main reason is the search for extraterrestrial
(地球外的) life. 5.___ But now seemingly dead, the potential
fossils could answer questions about our own evolution and that
of our planet. One theory is that bacterial life on our planet
didn't start here, but was transferred via asteroid from Mars.
E
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A.Leading astrophysicist Neil Tyson is one of them.
B.And the US landed on the Moon first.
C.One of these could be the survival of our species.
D.May landing on Mars inspire more people to become
interested in science
E.It has been believed that, at one time, Mars was filled with
life.
F.Surely inspiring a new generation to visit the stars is reason
enough.
G.Why are so many countries interested in going to Mars
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了很多国家对登陆火星
感兴趣的一些原因。
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1.___
G
[解析] 前文“It sounds like something from science fiction—a
space journey into the vast expanse of space, heading towards
Mars. While we're not quite ready to put a person on the land,
the question we ask today is…”引出登上火星的话题，空处应该是
一个疑问句，与登陆火星有关，G项“Why are so many countries
interested in going to Mars ”(为什么这么多国家对去火星感兴趣？)
提出疑问，承接前文，符合语境。故选G。
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2.___
B
[解析] 前文“The space race saw the USA and USSR compete to
achieve the first in spaceflight. The Soviet Union released
Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite (人造卫星), before anyone else.”介
绍美国和前苏联的太空竞赛，描述了前苏联的太空成就，空处应该
与美国的太空成就有关，B项“And the US landed on the Moon
first.”(美国第一个登陆月球。)承接前文，符合语境。故选B。
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3.___
C
[解析] 前文“While the reputation and bragging (吹嘘) rights to
be the first nation to touch down on Mars are an obvious draw,
there are other reasons we want to get there.”指出人类想登陆火
星还有其他原因。后文“You only have to look at the fossilized
remains of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another
habitable planet.”表明人类想登陆火星的理由与人类的生存有关，C
项“One of these could be the survival of our species.”
(其中之一可能是人类的生存。)符合语境，作为段首句，可引出段落
内容，同时承接前文，其中的survival和后文的habitable呼应。故选C。
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4.___
A
[解析] 前文“However, not everyone agrees.”指出有人反对。后文
“He has said the concept of changing habitability of another
planet because of the damage we have done to Earth makes
no sense when we can simply terraform Earth.”具体描述一名反对
者的看法，空处应该与反对者有关，A项“Leading astrophysicist
Neil Tyson is one of them.”(著名天体物理学家尼尔·泰森就是其中
之一。)符合语境，点明反对者的身份，承前启后，其中的Neil
Tyson是后文he所指代的对象。故选A。
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5.___
E
[解析] 前文“It seems the main reason is the search for
extraterrestrial (地球外的) life.”提到了寻找外星生命，空处应该与外
星生命有关，E项“It has been believed that, at one time, Mars
was filled with life.”(人们相信，火星曾经充满了生命。)符合语境，
承接前文，且at one time呼应后文“But now seemingly dead…”中
的now。故选E。
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Ⅵ 完形填空
[2024·山西太原五中高一阶段性检测]
For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s, a
science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on
a faraway planet. . .1. ., Diana Trujillo has come off—she is
a(n). .2. . now, leading a 45-person team that's responsible for
the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover (探测器).
Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Diana was certain of
her passion for science. When she was 17, her dad offered to
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send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering.
Without any . .3. ., she followed her dad's . .4. .. Arriving in the US
with just $300, Trujillo had to . .5. . through school by doing a
series of housekeeping jobs. The . .6. . was definitely not easy,
but Trujillo never complained.
Then came another . .7. . moment for Trujillo. One of her
professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted
with. . .8. . she was “just one person away from knowing an
astronaut” was all it took to . .9. . Trujillo's career goals. So
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she . .10. . studies in space science and . .11. . became the first
Hispanic woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007.
Since then, Trujillo has worn many hats at America's space
agency.
But Diana hasn't . .12. . there. She also leads by
example, . .13. . women to pursue careers in STEM fields. Her
own story is living . .14. . that just beyond that barrier lies an
entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to
work hard enough to . .15. . the stars.
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【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Diana Trujillo作为一名女
性，靠着努力和毅力一步步成为美国宇航局工程师的故事。
( ) 1.A.Therefore B.Instead C.However D.Moreover
[解析] 根据前文“…a science career with NASA may have
seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet.”和后文“…Diana
Trujillo has come off…”可知，前后是转折关系。故选C。therefore
因此；instead相反；however然而；moreover而且。
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( ) 2.A.astronaut B.engineer C.pilot D.doctor
[解析] 根据后文“…leading a 45-person team that's responsible
for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover (探测器).”及study
Aerospace Engineering可知，她现在是一名工程师。故选B。
astronaut宇航员；engineer工程师； pilot飞行员；doctor医生。
( ) 3.A.hesitation B.caution C.expectation D.regret
[解析] 根据后文“…she followed her dad's…”可知，她毫不犹豫地
听从了父亲的建议。故选A。hesitation犹豫；caution小心；
expectation期待；regret后悔。
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( ) 4.A.command B.footstep C.request D.suggestion
[解析] 根据前文“…her dad offered to send her to Miami…”以及
后文可知，她听从了父亲的建议去迈阿密学习。故选D。 command
命令； footstep脚步； request要求；suggestion建议。
( ) 5.A.look B.pass C.struggle D.push
[解析] 根据前文with just $300及后文by doing a series of
housekeeping jobs可知，她在美国生活艰苦，通过做许多兼职才能
勉强完成学业。故选C。look看；pass通过；struggle艰难地进行；
push推动。
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( ) 6.A.mission B.occupation
C.adventure D.journey
[解析] 根据上文“…her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida
to study Aerospace Engineering.”可知，这里是指她的求学之旅。
故选D。mission任务；occupation职业； adventure冒险； journey
旅程。
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( ) 7.A.risk-taking B.life-changing
C.long-suffering D.ever-lasting
[解析] 根据“One of her professors casually mentioned an
astronaut…”及后文可知，教授偶然提及一位宇航员，这使她坚定了
自己的目标，所以这是改变她人生的时刻。故选B。risk-taking冒险
的；life-changing改变人生的； long-suffering长期受苦的；ever-
lasting持久的。
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( ) 8.A.Realizing B.Remembering
C.Imagining D.Assuming
[解析] 根据后文“…she was ‘just one person away from knowing
an astronaut’…”可知，教授的话使她意识到这件事。故选A。realize
意识到；remember记得；imagine想象；assume假设。
( ) 9.A.serve B.train C.inspire D.become
[解析] 根据后文Trujillo's career goals可知，这件事激励她继续追求
自己的目标。故选C。 serve服务； train训练； inspire激励；
become成为。
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( ) 10.A.started B.abandoned
C.postponed D.continued
[解析] 根据后文“…became the first Hispanic woman to be
admitted to the NASA Academy…”可知，她继续学习，最终被美国
宇航局学院录取。故选D。start开始； abandon抛弃；postpone推
迟；continue继续。
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( ) 11.A.immediately B.eventually C.gradually D.suddenly
[解析] 根据后文“…became the first Hispanic woman to be
admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007.”可知，她最终在2007年
成为第一位被美国宇航局学院录取的西班牙女性。故选B。
immediately立即；eventually最终；gradually逐渐地；suddenly突然。
( ) 12.A.left B.succeeded C.stopped D.reached
[解析] 根据前文but及后文“…also leads by example…”可知，她并
没有就此止步。故选C。leave离开；succeed成功；stop停止；reach
到达。
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( ) 13.A.motivating B.promising C.allowing D.persuading
[解析] 根据前文“She also leads by example…”可知，她以身作则，
激励女性在STEM领域从事工作。故选A。motivate激励；promise承
诺； allow允许；persuade说服。
( ) 14.A.memory B.symbol C.warning D.proof
[解析] 根据前文“…became the first Hispanic woman to be
admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007.”可知，她自己追求梦想
的故事就是生动的例子，证明只要努力，女性也可以涉足科学工程
等领域。故选D。 memory记忆；symbol象征； warning警告；
proof证据。
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( ) 15.A.stare at B.reach for C.long for D.come after
[解析] 根据前文anyone willing to work hard enough可知，只要
足够努力，任何人都可以从事航天事业，伸手够到遥远的星辰。故
选B。stare at盯着；reach for伸手够；long for渴望；come after紧跟。
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